CN115533121B - Magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method and application - Google Patents
Magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN115533121B CN115533121B CN202211507866.2A CN202211507866A CN115533121B CN 115533121 B CN115533121 B CN 115533121B CN 202211507866 A CN202211507866 A CN 202211507866A CN 115533121 B CN115533121 B CN 115533121B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
- B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method and application, and relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing. A magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method comprises the following steps: s1: establishing a three-dimensional model for magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing to obtain layered slice data, and designing a processing path; s2: setting processing parameters through a processing path; s3: determining cleaning parameters in the processing process according to the processing parameters; s4: the wire feeding nozzle starts to work, and magnesium alloy wires are stacked layer by layer according to the processing path designed by S1; s5: and then starting a laser cleaning head, then starting a laser cladding head, and carrying out laser cleaning and laser cladding on the magnesium alloy wires stacked in the step S4 to obtain the magnesium alloy parts or the magnesium alloy product parts or the magnesium alloy products. The method can overcome the defects in the physical and chemical properties of the magnesium alloy, so that the prepared or repaired magnesium alloy part or product is complete, excellent in performance, high in yield and free of obvious surface defects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to a magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method and application.
Background
The magnesium alloy has unique physical and chemical properties, so that the magnesium alloy has poor weldability, is easy to have the defects of inclusion, coarse grains, thermal stress, air holes, thermal cracks and the like, and restricts the application of the magnesium alloy to a certain extent. Aiming at the manufacturing of large parts, the problems of cold shut, undercasting, solvent inclusion and the like caused by poor fluidity in the magnesium alloy casting process, the defects of deterioration, coarse crystal grains, coarse properties and the like caused by other substances included in the casting process, the yield of the cast magnesium alloy is low caused by over-burning and the like near a casting riser, the structural constraint of welding and filling after the defects are removed is large due to the non-uniformity of the structure and the defects of components caused by the casting process characteristics in the defect repairing of the cast magnesium alloy, and the greater difficulty is brought to the defect repairing of the cast magnesium alloy.
The magnesium alloy manufactured by the laser powder additive has the risks of flammability and explosiveness, the magnesium alloy has extremely low laser absorptivity and good heat conductivity, so that the inconvenience of a laser additive manufacturing powder feeding mode is caused, the defects of poor fusion, air holes and the like are easily generated in the forming process, and the surface area of the powder is large so that the powder is easy to oxidize and absorb hydrogen; defects such as inclusion, cracking and the like can occur in the laser powder additive manufacturing process. Meanwhile, the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse has the defects of larger residual stress, poor molten pool controllability, unstable electric arc, easy overflow and collapse of the molten pool in the forming process and the like.
Therefore, aiming at the magnesium alloy, an effective manufacturing method mainly utilizing laser does not exist, the defects in the physical and chemical properties of the magnesium alloy can be overcome, and the prepared or repaired magnesium alloy part or product is complete and stable, has better structural strength and elongation, excellent performance, high yield and no obvious surface defects.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method, which solves the problem that the magnesium alloy cannot be subjected to additive manufacturing in a laser additive manufacturing mode, and on one hand, the adjustment of laser direct deposition equipment has proper defocusing amount to ensure that magnesium alloy wires are melted by thermal radiation and not directly radiated by laser, so that the element loss of the magnesium alloy due to overhigh laser energy is avoided; on the other hand, a preposed laser cleaning device is added to obtain surface treatment in the synchronous laser additive manufacturing process, a surface oxidation layer of the magnesium alloy wire is removed, the surface is polished and formed, impurities are removed, the internal forming quality is improved, an excellent magnesium alloy additive manufacturing test block is obtained, and the casting performance index is reached. The manufacturing method has the advantages of high material utilization rate, stable performance of the prepared or repaired material and high yield, can be used for quickly manufacturing large-format blank parts, and is applied to preparing and/or repairing magnesium alloy parts and magnesium alloy products.
Specifically, the invention discloses a magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model for magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing, performing layered slicing treatment to obtain layered slicing data, and designing a processing path for laser additive manufacturing;
s2: setting laser cladding processing parameters of the laser direct deposition equipment through a processing path of laser additive manufacturing;
s3: determining cleaning parameters of laser cleaning equipment in the machining process according to the laser cladding machining parameters;
s4: the wire feeding nozzle starts to work, and magnesium alloy wires are stacked layer by layer according to the processing path designed by S1 in a mode of feeding wires in advance;
s5: then starting a laser cleaning head, and then starting a laser cladding head; and the laser cleaning head and the laser cladding head synchronously work according to set parameters, and the magnesium alloy wires stacked in the step S4 are subjected to laser cleaning and laser cladding to obtain magnesium alloy parts or magnesium alloy products.
Preferably, in step S5, the laser cleaning head is located in front of the processing path of the laser cladding head; the laser cladding head and the laser cleaning head are relatively fixed in position and consistent in displacement speed.
Preferably, in step S2, the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition apparatus are: the laser scanning speed is 360-720mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 0.8-3m/min, the printing layer height is 0.3-0.6mm, and the diameter of a laser focusing spot is 1-4mm.
Preferably, in the step S2, in the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition apparatus, the laser power and the defocusing amount are adjusted according to the diameter of the magnesium alloy wire; wherein, the laser power is more than 800W, and the defocusing amount is 10-30mm.
Preferably, in step S3, the cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning device are as follows: the power is 40-90W, the frequency is 50-120KHz, the cleaning speed is 200-1000mm/s, the cleaning width is 1-3mm, and the cleaning times are 20-50.
Preferably, in step S4, the operation of the filament feeding nozzle is started 0.01 to 0.2S before the laser cleaning head.
Preferably, in the step S4, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned below the laser cladding head, the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 10-50 degrees, and the feeding position of the magnesium alloy wire is overlapped with the laser focusing spot.
Preferably, in step S5, the time for which the laser cleaning head is turned on in advance compared with the laser cladding head = cleaning width of the laser cleaning apparatus/laser scanning rate of the laser direct deposition apparatus.
Preferably, in the step S5, when the laser cladding head works, the laser light emitting position is under the protection of inert gas synchronously, and the gas flow is 8-15L/min; when the laser cleaning head works, the laser light emitting position is synchronously protected by inert gas, the gas pressure is 0.3-0.8MPa, and the gas flow is 8-20L/min.
The invention also discloses application of the magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method in preparation and repair of magnesium alloy parts and magnesium alloy products.
Advantageous effects
(1) According to the magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method, the problem that the magnesium alloy cannot be subjected to additive manufacturing is solved in a laser additive manufacturing mode, on one hand, the laser direct deposition equipment is adjusted to have a proper defocusing amount, and on the other hand, the front laser cleaning equipment is added to obtain surface treatment in the synchronous laser additive manufacturing process. The method comprises the steps of generating a process parameter package through special subdivision software for additive manufacturing, guiding the process parameter package into equipment, starting the equipment to enable magnesium alloy wires to be melted under laser thermal radiation (namely laser cladding) to form metallurgy so as to be combined, and ensuring that the magnesium alloy wires are melted through thermal radiation and not directly radiated by laser by adjusting proper defocusing amount, so that element loss of the magnesium alloy due to overhigh laser energy is avoided; and cleaning by laser at the front end of the laser additive manufacturing to remove a surface oxidation layer, finishing the surface, removing impurities, improving the internal forming quality, obtaining an excellent magnesium alloy additive manufacturing test block, and achieving the casting performance index. The manufacturing method has the advantages of high material utilization rate, stable performance of the prepared material and high yield, and can be used for quickly manufacturing blank parts with large widths.
(1) The magnesium alloy obtained by the magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method has high yield, stable performance, good tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage, and can be applied to preparation and repair of magnesium alloy parts and magnesium alloy products.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a drawing of a repaired ZM5 magnesium alloy co-furnace test block obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a micrograph of a repaired ZM5 magnesium alloy in-furnace coupon obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a picture of a magnesium alloy in-furnace test block of an AZ31 additive test block obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a micrograph of a magnesium alloy co-furnace block of an AZ31 additive block obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a magnesium alloy co-furnace test block obtained in comparative example 3;
FIG. 6 is a micrograph of a magnesium alloy and a furnace block obtained in comparative example 3.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be further understood that the term "concentration" as used in the present specification and appended claims refers to mass concentration, while "%" refers to mass percent content; unless otherwise indicated.
A laser additive manufacturing method of magnesium alloy,
the method comprises the following steps:
the invention discloses a magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model for laser additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy, performing layered slicing treatment to obtain layered slicing data, and designing a processing path for laser additive manufacturing;
s2: setting laser cladding processing parameters of the laser direct deposition equipment through a processing path of laser additive manufacturing;
s3: determining cleaning parameters of laser cleaning equipment in the machining process according to the laser cladding machining parameters;
s4: the wire feeding nozzle starts to work, and magnesium alloy wires are stacked layer by layer according to the processing path designed by S1 in a mode of feeding wires in advance;
s5: then starting a laser cleaning head, and then starting a laser cladding head; and the laser cleaning head and the laser cladding head synchronously work according to set parameters, and the magnesium alloy wires stacked in the step S4 are subjected to laser cleaning and laser cladding to obtain magnesium alloy parts or magnesium alloy products.
Specifically, a magnesium alloy part defect model or a printing model to be repaired is established through three-dimensional drawing software, the part model is subjected to layered slicing processing through special slicing software, and layered slicing data are obtained through slicing according to a set layered height.
In step S2, the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition apparatus are: the laser scanning speed is 360-720mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 0.8-3m/min, the printing layer height is 0.3-0.6mm, and the diameter of a laser focusing spot is 1-4mm. Wherein, the laser power and the defocusing amount are adjusted according to the diameter of the magnesium alloy wire; preferably, the laser power is more than 800W, and the defocusing amount is 10-30mm. Specifically, the table of the relationship between defocus and power parameters corresponding to different diameters of magnesium alloy wires is shown in table 1 below. Wherein, the magnesium alloy wire is preferably 0.6-1.6mm, the corresponding laser power is preferably 1000-4000W, and the defocusing amount is preferably 15-30mm.
The laser direct deposition equipment comprises a laser cladding head and a wire feeding nozzle.
TABLE 1 Table of relationship between defocusing amount and power parameter corresponding to diameter of magnesium alloy wire
In the step S3, proper laser cleaning parameters are selected, the laser cleaning is not easy to have overlarge power, and the overlarge laser power can cause the ablation of elements of the magnesium alloy and influence the performance of the final material; on the contrary, the power is too low to remove the surface oxide film of the magnesium alloy wire, and the surface cleaning and shaping effects can not be achieved.
The specific setting process is as follows: firstly, setting the cleaning times; then, setting a corresponding cleaning speed according to the printing speed, wherein the cleaning speed = scanning speed multiplied by cleaning times; meanwhile, in order to match laser cleaning with laser melting deposition, a preset cleaning time length needs to be set, namely, laser cleaning is started before laser melting deposition, wherein the preset cleaning time length = cleaning width/scanning rate, namely, the time for the laser cleaning head to be started in advance compared with the laser cladding head = cleaning width of the laser cleaning equipment/laser scanning rate of the laser direct deposition equipment. After all parameters are set, machine control codes are generated.
Preferably, the cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning equipment are as follows: the power is 40-90W, the frequency is 50-120KHz, the cleaning speed is 200-1000mm/s, the cleaning width is 1-3mm, and the cleaning times are 20-50.
Before the magnesium alloy is manufactured by laser additive manufacturing, the surface of the magnesium alloy needs to be cleaned, cleaned and dried, and the effect that laser melting deposition efficiency is influenced by no smoke during laser cleaning is ensured. And then, the machine control code is led into laser additive manufacturing equipment (including laser direct deposition equipment and laser cleaning equipment), and simulation operation is carried out by calling the debugging set code, so that the laser additive manufacturing equipment is opened to start repairing or printing the magnesium alloy part after the program is ensured to be correct. The laser direct deposition equipment is used for performing direct deposition by adopting a laser cladding method, and the laser cladding deposition equipment is obtained.
In the step S4, a wire feeding nozzle in the laser direct deposition equipment is started, and the wire feeding nozzle starts to work 0.01-0.2S ahead of the laser cleaning head, namely, the wire is fed 0.01-0.2S ahead.
Specifically, the laser cleaning is ensured to be positioned right in front of the laser melting deposition in the laser additive manufacturing process, the laser cleaning object is blown away through an inert gas nozzle (namely a laser cleaning head), the magnesium alloy wire is positioned behind the laser melting deposition, and the wire is fed in advance for 0.01-0.2s before the printing is started, namely the wire feeding nozzle starts to work for 0.01-0.2s, preferably 0.1s, in advance than the laser cleaning head.
Meanwhile, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned below the laser cladding head, the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 0-50 degrees, and the feeding position of the magnesium alloy wire is superposed with the laser focusing light spot.
In the step S5, the laser cleaning head is positioned in front of the processing path of the laser cladding head; the laser cladding head and the laser cleaning head are relatively fixed in position and consistent in displacement speed, specifically, the laser cleaning head can swing, and the displacement speed on a processing path is consistent with that of the laser cladding head, so that the laser cladding head and the laser cleaning head work synchronously. Preferably, when the laser cladding head works, the laser light emitting position is synchronously protected by inert gas, the gas flow is 8-15L/min, and the distance between a gas outlet and the position of a molten pool is preferably 8mm; when the laser cleaning head works, the laser light emitting position is synchronously protected by inert gas, the gas pressure is 0.3-0.8MPa, and the gas flow is 8-20L/min. The inert gas can be selected from one of argon, nitrogen and helium, and is preferably argon.
Specifically, the tensile strength of the magnesium alloy obtained by the laser additive manufacturing method of the magnesium alloy is 235-260MPa, which reaches the performance index in the material aviation material handbook, and meanwhile, the magnesium alloy has good elongation and yield strength, namely good performance.
Meanwhile, the laser additive manufacturing method of the magnesium alloy can be applied to preparation and repair of magnesium alloy parts and magnesium alloy products. The preparation process is directly operated according to the method. When repairing magnesium alloy related products and parts, before opening the wire feeding nozzle in step S3, cleaning a test block to be repaired of the magnesium alloy to remove a surface oxide film, wiping the test block clean by using an organic solution (preferably alcohol or acetone), fixing the test block on a workbench of laser additive manufacturing equipment, and performing the same operation as the method; the three-dimensional model manufactured by the magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing in the step S1 is a magnesium alloy repair model.
The magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method can effectively solve the problem of additive manufacturing by directly melting magnesium alloy laser and ensure the quality of the additive manufacturing process; moreover, after proper process parameters are adjusted according to the characteristics of the material, the requirements of laser additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy and copper alloy wires can be met, namely the material can be applied to laser direct melting additive manufacturing of high-reflectivity materials such as aluminum alloy and copper alloy after optimization and improvement.
Example 1
Extracting a defect position model of the magnesium alloy ZM5 test block to be repaired, performing model processing through three-dimensional software to obtain the model to be repaired, and adding a proper repair allowance.
The processed restoration model is imported into special slicing software, the layering thickness (namely the printing layer height) is set to be 0.4mm, and the processing parameters of laser direct deposition are as follows: the power is 1500W, the scanning speed is 480mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 1m/min; setting cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning equipment: the power is 50W, the frequency is 100KHz, the cleaning rate is 240 mm/s, the cleaning width is 2mm, the scanning times are 30 times, and the pre-starting time of the laser cleaning equipment is 0.25s. And outputting the machine control code.
And adjusting a laser melting deposition focusing lens, setting the diameter of a focusing light spot to be 2mm, and setting the defocusing amount to be 25mm.
And importing the obtained machine control code into laser additive manufacturing equipment (comprising laser direct deposition equipment and laser cleaning equipment), calling the machine code to perform simulation operation in a test mode, observing to ensure that the wire feeding position is at a set position, and starting the laser cleaning in advance for proper time.
Magnesium alloy wire ZM5 with the diameter of 1.2mm is clamped on a wire feeder of the laser composite manufacturing equipment, the magnesium alloy wire is conveyed to a wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeding pipe, and the magnesium alloy wire is positioned under a laser spot. The wire is fed in advance for 0.1s, and the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 25 degrees.
Cleaning the magnesium alloy ZM5 test block to be repaired, removing the surface oxide film, wiping the surface oxide film with alcohol or acetone, and fixing the test block on a workbench of laser additive manufacturing equipment.
And installing a gas pipe beside the laser wire feeding nozzle, introducing argon, adjusting the pressure of the argon to be 0.5MPa, adjusting the gas flow to be 10L/min, and blowing gas flow into the laser wire feeding nozzle from the rear of laser melting deposition. Namely, the laser direct deposition equipment and the laser cleaning equipment adopt the same air pipe for protection.
And after the parameters are set, running the equipment program, and opening the laser to start repairing the magnesium alloy ZM5 part after ensuring that the program is correct.
And (4) after the repair is finished, manufacturing the sample into a standard tensile sample, and detecting the tensile property at room temperature according to GB/T228.1.
Example 2
Adding 3mm allowance to the magnesium alloy part to be printed, and adding proper additive manufacturing process support to obtain a printing model which can be directly used for additive manufacturing.
The processed repair model is imported into special slicing software, the layering thickness (namely the printing layer height) is set to be 0.4mm, and the processing parameters of laser direct deposition equipment are as follows: the power is 3000W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 1.8m/min; setting cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning equipment: the power is 55W, the frequency is 80KHz, the cleaning rate is 250 mm/s, the cleaning width is 2mm, the scanning times are 25 times, and the pre-opening time of the laser cleaning equipment is 0.2s. And outputting the machine control code.
And adjusting a laser melting deposition focusing lens, setting the diameter of a focusing light spot to be 3mm, and setting the defocusing amount to be 15mm.
And importing the obtained machine control code into laser additive manufacturing equipment, calling the machine code to perform simulation operation in a test mode, observing to ensure that the wire feeding position is at a set position, and starting the laser cleaning in advance for a proper time.
Clamping a magnesium alloy wire material AZ31 with the diameter of 1.6mm on a wire feeder of the laser composite manufacturing equipment, conveying the magnesium alloy wire material to a wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeding pipe, and positioning the magnesium alloy wire material under a laser spot. The wire is fed for 0.1s in advance, and the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 20 degrees.
And processing a magnesium alloy AZ31 test block with the outline 50mm larger than the part outline, cleaning, removing a surface oxide film, wiping the surface oxide film with alcohol or acetone, and fixing the surface oxide film on a workbench of laser additive manufacturing equipment.
And installing a gas pipe beside the laser wire feeding nozzle, introducing argon, adjusting the pressure of the argon to be 0.6MPa, adjusting the gas flow to be 15L/min, and blowing gas flow into the laser wire feeding nozzle from the rear of laser melting deposition. Namely, the laser direct deposition equipment and the laser cleaning equipment adopt the same air pipe for protection.
And after the parameter setting is finished, running the equipment program, starting a laser to print the magnesium alloy AZ31 part after the program is ensured to be correct, and manufacturing a test block in the same furnace to detect the mechanical property.
And processing the same furnace test block into a standard tensile sample after printing is finished, and detecting the tensile property at room temperature according to GB/T228.1.
Example 3
Adding 3mm allowance to the magnesium alloy part to be printed, and adding proper additive manufacturing process support to obtain a printing model which can be directly used for additive manufacturing.
The processed restoration model is imported into special slicing software, the layering thickness (namely the printing layer height) is set to be 0.4mm, and the processing parameters of laser direct deposition equipment are as follows: the power is 1400W, the scanning speed is 480mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 1.0m/min; setting cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning equipment: the power is 50W, the frequency is 60KHz, the cleaning rate is 240 mm/s, the cleaning width is 2mm, the scanning times are 30 times, and the pre-starting time of the laser cleaning equipment is 0.25s. And outputting the machine control code.
And adjusting a laser melting deposition focusing lens, setting the diameter of a focusing light spot to be 3mm, and setting the defocusing amount to be 15mm.
And importing the obtained machine control code into laser additive manufacturing equipment, calling the machine code to perform simulation operation in a test mode, observing to ensure that the wire feeding position is at a set position, and starting the laser cleaning in advance for a proper time.
And clamping the magnesium alloy wire AZ31 with the diameter of 1.0mm on a wire feeder of the laser composite manufacturing equipment, and conveying the magnesium alloy wire to a wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeding pipe, wherein the magnesium alloy wire is positioned right below a laser spot. The wire is fed in advance for 0.1s, and the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 25 degrees.
And placing a base of the magnesium alloy part to be printed at a specific position on the workbench.
And installing a gas pipe beside the laser wire feeding nozzle, introducing argon, adjusting the pressure of the argon to be 0.3MPa, adjusting the gas flow to be 15L/min, and blowing gas flow into the laser wire feeding nozzle from the rear of laser melting deposition. Namely, the laser direct deposition equipment and the laser cleaning equipment adopt the same air pipe for protection.
And after the parameter setting is finished, running the equipment program, starting a laser to print the magnesium alloy AZ31 part after the program is ensured to be correct, and manufacturing a test block in the same furnace to detect the mechanical property.
And processing the test block in the same furnace into a standard tensile sample after printing, and detecting the tensile property at room temperature according to GB/T228.1.
Example 4
Adding 3mm allowance to the magnesium alloy part to be printed, and adding proper additive manufacturing process support to obtain a printing model which can be directly used for additive manufacturing.
The processed restoration model is imported into special slicing software, the layering thickness (namely the printing layer height) is set to be 0.3mm, and the processing parameters of laser direct deposition equipment are as follows: the power is 900W, the scanning speed is 480mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 1.0m/min; setting cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning equipment: the power is 45W, the frequency is 50KHz, the cleaning rate is 200 mm/s, the cleaning width is 2mm, the scanning times are 25 times, and the pre-starting time of the laser cleaning equipment is 0.25s. And outputting the machine control code.
And adjusting a laser melting deposition focusing lens, setting the diameter of a focusing light spot to be 2mm, and setting the defocusing amount to be 10mm.
And importing the obtained machine control code into laser additive manufacturing equipment, calling the machine code to perform simulation operation in a test mode, observing to ensure that the wire feeding position is at a set position, and starting the laser cleaning in advance for a proper time.
Clamping a magnesium alloy wire material AZ31 with the diameter of 0.6mm on a wire feeder of the laser composite manufacturing equipment, conveying the magnesium alloy wire material to a wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeding pipe, and positioning the magnesium alloy wire material under a laser spot. The wire is fed for 0.1s in advance, and the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 25 degrees.
And placing a base of the magnesium alloy part to be printed at a specific position on the workbench.
And installing a gas pipe beside the laser wire feeding nozzle, introducing argon, adjusting the pressure of the argon to be 0.8MPa, adjusting the gas flow to be 8L/min, and blowing gas flow into the laser wire feeding nozzle from the rear of laser melting deposition. Namely, the laser direct deposition equipment and the laser cleaning equipment adopt the same air pipe for protection.
And after the parameter setting is finished, running the equipment program, starting a laser to print the magnesium alloy AZ31 part after the program is ensured to be correct, and manufacturing a test block in the same furnace to detect the mechanical property.
And processing the same furnace test block into a standard tensile sample after printing is finished, and detecting the tensile property at room temperature according to GB/T228.1.
Example 5
Adding 3mm allowance to the magnesium alloy part to be printed, and adding proper additive manufacturing process support to obtain a printing model which can be directly used for additive manufacturing.
The processed restoration model is imported into special slicing software, the layering thickness (namely the printing layer height) is set to be 0.3mm, and the processing parameters of laser direct deposition are as follows: the power is 1400W, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the wire feeding speed is 0.8m/min; setting cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning equipment: the power is 60W, the frequency is 80KHz, the cleaning rate is 300 mm/s, the cleaning width is 2mm, the scanning times are 30 times, and the pre-opening time of the laser cleaning equipment is 0.2s. And outputting the machine control code.
And adjusting a laser melting deposition focusing lens, setting the diameter of a focusing light spot to be 3mm, and setting the defocusing amount to be 15mm.
And importing the obtained machine control code into laser additive manufacturing equipment (including laser direct deposition equipment and laser cleaning equipment), calling the machine code to perform simulation operation in a test mode, observing to ensure that a wire feeding position is at a set position, and starting the laser cleaning in advance for a proper time.
And clamping the magnesium alloy wire AZ31 with the diameter of 1mm on a wire feeder of the laser composite manufacturing equipment, and conveying the magnesium alloy wire to a wire feeding nozzle through a wire feeding pipe, wherein the magnesium alloy wire is positioned right below a laser spot. The wire is fed in advance for 0.1s, and the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 50 degrees.
And cleaning the magnesium alloy AZ31 test block to be repaired, removing the surface oxide film, wiping the surface oxide film with alcohol or acetone, and fixing the magnesium alloy AZ31 test block on a workbench of laser additive manufacturing equipment.
And installing a gas pipe beside the laser wire feeding nozzle, introducing argon, adjusting the pressure of the argon to be 0.5MPa, adjusting the gas flow to be 10L/min, and blowing gas flow into the laser wire feeding nozzle from the rear of laser melting deposition. Namely, the laser direct deposition equipment and the laser cleaning equipment adopt the same air pipe for protection.
And after the parameter setting is finished, running the equipment program, and starting the laser to repair the magnesium alloy AZ31 part after ensuring that the program is correct.
And processing the test block in the same furnace into a standard tensile sample after printing, and detecting the tensile property at room temperature according to GB/T228.1.
A comparative example, which differs from example 1 in the following table 2, was set up according to example 1.
TABLE 2 differences between the comparative example and example 1
After the magnesium alloy parts prepared in the examples and the comparative examples are printed, the same furnace test block is processed into a standard tensile sample, room temperature tensile property detection is carried out according to GB/T228.1, and meanwhile, the yield of the examples and the comparative examples is measured, and the obtained performance parameters are as shown in the following tables 3-4.
TABLE 3 Performance results Table for examples 1-5
TABLE 4 Performance results of comparative examples 1-8
As can be seen from Table 3, the magnesium alloy parts of examples 1 to 5 of the present invention had good product yields of 96 to 99%; the tensile strength of the test block in the same furnace is 246-260MPa, the yield strength is 124-129MPa, and the elongation is 6-8%, namely the prepared magnesium alloy has high tensile strength, yield strength and elongation, excellent performance, and no obvious defects of cracking, pores and the like on the surface.
As can be seen from Table 4, the test block of the magnesium alloy in comparative example 1 is well formed, but the yield is low, the production operation is not easy to control, and the wire can rub the surface of the part and cannot be formed; comparative example 2 caused a single-pass collapse during molding and failed molding; in comparative examples 3 and 4, the laser cleaning effect is poor, so that magnesium alloy oxides, impurities and the like cannot be completely removed, and the performance of a formed test block is too low; the laser adjustments in comparative examples 5 and 8 were too diffuse, resulting in laser radiation astigmatism that did not melt the magnesium alloy wire and failed to shape; comparative example 6 the stress was too large to crack when the magnesium alloy was formed due to the accumulation of laser energy; in comparative example 7, a small amount of defocus was given, and the quality of the formed surface was good, but cracks were found in the microstructure and the strength was low as measured.
Wherein, the picture of the magnesium alloy obtained in the example 1 and the furnace test block is shown in figure 1, and the micrograph is shown in figure 2; the picture of the magnesium alloy and the furnace test block obtained in the example 2 is shown in figure 3, and the micrograph is shown in figure 4; the picture of the magnesium alloy and the furnace test block obtained in the comparative example 3 is shown in FIG. 5, and the micrograph is shown in FIG. 6.
In the above embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The laser additive manufacturing method of the magnesium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: establishing a three-dimensional model for laser additive manufacturing of magnesium alloy, performing layered slicing treatment to obtain layered slicing data, and designing a processing path for laser additive manufacturing;
s2: setting laser cladding processing parameters of the laser direct deposition equipment through a processing path of laser additive manufacturing;
s3: determining cleaning parameters of laser cleaning equipment in the machining process according to the laser cladding machining parameters;
s4: the wire feeding nozzle starts to work, and magnesium alloy wires are stacked layer by layer according to the processing path designed by S1 in a mode of feeding wires in advance;
s5: then starting a laser cleaning head, and then starting a laser cladding head; the laser cleaning head and the laser cladding head work synchronously according to set parameters, and magnesium alloy wires stacked in the step S4 are cleaned and clad by laser to obtain magnesium alloy parts or magnesium alloy products;
in the step S5, the laser cleaning head is positioned in front of the processing path of the laser cladding head; the laser cladding head and the laser cleaning head are relatively fixed in position and consistent in displacement speed;
in the step S2, the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition apparatus are as follows: the laser scanning speed is 360-720mm/min, the wire feeding speed is 0.8-3m/min, the printing layer height is 0.3-0.6mm, and the diameter of a laser focusing spot is 1-4mm;
in the step S2, in the processing parameters of the laser direct deposition equipment, the laser power and the defocusing amount are adjusted according to the diameter of the magnesium alloy wire; wherein, the laser power is 1000-4000W, the defocusing amount is 10-30mm;
in the step S4, the wire feeding nozzle is positioned below the laser cladding head, the included angle between the fed magnesium alloy wire and the horizontal plane is 10-50 degrees, and the feeding position of the magnesium alloy wire is overlapped with the laser focusing light spot.
2. The magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the cleaning parameters of the laser cleaning device are as follows: the power is 40-90W, the frequency is 50-120KHz, the cleaning speed is 200-1000mm/s, the cleaning width is 1-3mm, and the cleaning times are 20-50.
3. The magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the wire feeding nozzle starts to work 0.01 to 0.2S ahead of the laser cleaning head.
4. The magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S5, the time for which the laser cleaning head is turned on earlier than the laser cladding head = cleaning width of the laser cleaning apparatus/laser scanning rate of the laser direct deposition apparatus.
5. The magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method of claim 1, wherein in the step S5, when the laser cladding head works, a laser light-emitting position is synchronously protected by inert gas, and a gas flow is 8-15L/min; when the laser cleaning head works, the laser light emitting position is synchronously protected by inert gas, the gas pressure is 0.3-0.8MPa, and the gas flow is 8-20L/min.
6. Use of the magnesium alloy laser additive manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 for preparing and repairing magnesium alloy parts and magnesium alloy products.
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| CN113414406A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-21 | 上海交通大学 | Method for improving density of magnesium/magnesium alloy part manufactured by selective laser melting additive |
| CN114346368A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-15 | 北京理工大学 | Arc additive manufacturing method for silicon-magnesium-containing alloy |
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| CN110434336B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-12-17 | 大连理工大学 | Device and method for removing surface oxide skin in metal component additive manufacturing process in real time by laser |
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