CN115530357A - 一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶及其制备方法,属于食品科学和食品添加剂技术领域。本发明先利用玉米醇溶蛋白与京尼平交联,之后与羧甲基纤维素复合,再利用氯化钙进行离子交联,构建水凝胶网络。本发明的方法协同提高了槲皮素和白藜芦醇的包埋率和生物利用度,克服了现有技术中传统羧甲基纤维素水凝胶对于生物活性物质吸附能力低的缺陷。而且本发明的方法简单、绿色、无污染、低能耗,所得的水凝胶具有良好的营养素释放特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶及其制备方法,属于食品科学和食品添加剂技术领域。
背景技术
白藜芦醇和槲皮素作为两种常见的多酚,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、保肝等有益的生理作用。然而,白藜芦醇和槲皮素属于疏水性物质,存在低水溶性、较差的化学稳定性和低生物利用度等问题,且对光、热等外界环境因素不稳定,在碱性条件下易分解。因此,有必要开发能够保护和稳定白藜芦醇和槲皮素的给药系统,以提高它们的生物利用度。
羧甲基纤维素是一种阴离子多糖,在有Ca2+等阳离子存在时,可发生离子交换,交联形成水凝胶。然而,由于羧甲基纤维素钠亲水性较强,单一的羧甲基纤维素钠水凝胶结构存在一些缺陷,如对疏水性功能物质负载率低和稳定性较差等,在一定程度上限制了羧甲基纤维素钠基水凝胶的应用。而且,纯羧甲基纤维素形成的水凝胶内部仅仅靠基于羧甲基的分子间氢键等物理相互作用形成网络结构,导致传统的羧甲基纤维素水凝胶机械性能弱,容易发生永久性破坏,且易受环境(如pH、温度等)影响,很难实现多种功能的应用。
目前,有研究者采用聚乙烯醇改性法、固定氧化石墨烯法等方法对于羧甲基纤维素进行改性,虽然能够提高水凝胶微球强度,但对生物活性物质的吸附能力较差。也有一些研究者采用戊二醛-酸凝聚改性法等方法对于羧甲基纤维素进行改性,虽然可提高改性后的水凝胶吸附量,但制备工艺复杂,原料昂贵、毒性大,对环境会造成一定的污染,甚至存在安全性方面的隐患,这限制了其在食品体系中的应用。
因此,亟需开发一种对于生物活性物质具有高吸附能力、高凝胶强度且对环境安全无毒的水凝胶。
发明内容
[技术问题]
现有的一些水凝胶对于生物活性物质的包埋率低,导致生物利用率低;且制备方法复杂、成本高,甚至存在安全性方面的隐患。
[技术方案]
为了解决上述问题,本发明先利用玉米醇溶蛋白与京尼平交联,之后与羧甲基纤维素进行复合,再利用氯化钙进行离子交联,构建水凝胶网络。本发明的方法协同提高了槲皮素和白藜芦醇的包埋率和生物利用度,克服了现有技术中传统羧甲基纤维素水凝胶对于生物活性物质吸附能力低的缺陷。而且本发明的方法简单、绿色、无污染、低能耗,所得的水凝胶具有良好的营养素释放特性。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将醇溶蛋白分散在氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入京尼平溶液,混合反应,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入羧甲基纤维素,搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;其中,醇溶蛋白与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为1:2~1:5;
(4)将C溶液滴入CaCl2溶液中,搅拌,静置,过滤,水洗、干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于功能因子溶液中,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)所述的醇溶蛋白为玉米醇溶蛋白。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)所述的氢氧化钠溶液为0.1~0.2mol/LpH12的氢氧化钠水溶液。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)所述的醇溶蛋白和氢氧化钠溶液的用量比为 45~55mg:1mL,进一步优选为50mg:1mL。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(1)中搅拌是加热搅拌,加热温度为35~45℃。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中京尼平溶液为京尼平水溶液,浓度为 10~50mmol/L,京尼平与玉米醇溶蛋白的质量比为1:60~1:200。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(2)中混合反应是在36~38℃下反应25~35min,进一步优选为37℃下反应30min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(3)中搅拌是加热搅拌,加热温度为35~45℃。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中CaCl2溶液为CaCl2水溶液,质量浓度为2%~4%。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中搅拌的转速为100~300rpm,加完之后继续搅拌10min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中静置的时间为20~40min。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中水洗是采用水清洗2~5次。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(4)中干燥是冷冻干燥。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(5)所述的功能因子包括槲皮素、白藜芦醇中的一种或两种;当功能因子溶液为槲皮素、白藜芦醇的时候,槲皮素和白藜芦醇的浓度均为0.2mg/mL~1.0mg/mL。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,步骤(5)所述的浸渍是在20~30℃下浸渍40~60min,进一步优选为25℃下浸渍60min。
本发明的第二个目的是本发明所述的方法制备得到的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
本发明的第三个目的是本发明所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶在制备功能食品、保健品和药物中的应用。
本发明的第四个目的是提供一种增加水凝胶中功能因子包埋率和凝胶强度的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将醇溶蛋白分散在氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入京尼平溶液,混合反应,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入羧甲基纤维素,搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;其中,醇溶蛋白与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为1:2~1:5;
(4)将C溶液滴入CaCl2溶液中,搅拌,静置,过滤,水洗、干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于功能因子溶液中,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
[有益效果]
(1)本发明利用玉米醇溶蛋白与京尼平交联,以及与羧甲基纤维素复合再进行离子交联,协同提高了槲皮素和白藜芦醇的包埋率和生物利用度,克服了现有技术中传统羧甲基纤维素水凝胶对于生物活性物质吸附能力低的缺陷。
(2)由于玉米醇溶蛋白与羧甲基纤维素本身所具有的优点,构架的水凝胶具有良好的凝胶强度,致密的凝胶网络使得生物活性物质在胃肠道的稳定性得到提高。即本发明的水凝胶在消化道上部停留时吸收水分,几乎完全凝胶化,水凝胶表面边受侵蚀和溶胀作用边向消化道下部移动,由于进一步受侵蚀而在小肠部位持续放出生物活性物质。
附图说明
图1为实施例1、2的京尼平交联的羧甲基纤维素/玉米醇溶蛋白共包埋功能因子水凝胶的傅里叶红外光谱图片。
图2为实施例1、2的京尼平交联的羧甲基纤维素/玉米醇溶蛋白共包埋功能因子水凝胶的槲皮素的包埋率和负载率图片。
图3为实施例1、2的京尼平交联的羧甲基纤维素/玉米醇溶蛋白共包埋功能因子水凝胶的白藜芦醇的包埋率和负载率图片。
图4为实施例1、2和对比例1~6制备的水凝胶的表观图片,其中A为实施例1,B为实施例2,C为对比例1,D为对比例2,E为对比例3,F为对比例4,G为对比例5,H为对比例6。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明,应当理解实施例是为了更好地解释本发明,不用于限制本发明。
测试方法:
包埋率和负载率的测试:将样品以12000转/分的速度离心30分钟,然后将水凝胶分离。上清液用乙醇溶液稀释。分别在374nm和306nm波长处用UV-Vis分光光度计(UV-5200,Metash,中国)测定乙醇溶液中的槲皮素和白藜芦醇的含量。测定了合适的校正曲线来计算槲皮素和白藜芦醇的浓度。
然后使用下列公式(1)-(4)计算两种营养食品的包封率(EE)和载药量(LC):
凝胶硬度的测试:使用质构仪对凝胶珠进行TPA质地测定,采用直径35mm圆柱形探头 P35测试条件确定如下:预测试速度3.0mm/s,测试速度为1mm/s,测后速度为5mm/s,目标模式是strain,凝胶珠的压缩量为90%,使用触发力为1.0N的Auto(Force)触发型。每项测试重复3次。
红外光谱的测试:用FTIR光谱仪测定了样品的FTIR光谱,具体是将样品与KBr粉混合后,用压力机将其压制成薄片,然后放入FTIR光谱仪进行分析。所有样品都是在400~4000cm-1的波数范围内测量的。
实施例1
一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将250mg玉米醇溶蛋白分散在50mL 0.1mol/L pH12的氢氧化钠溶液中,40℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入5mL 10mmol/L京尼平溶液,在37℃下混合反应30min,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入1.0g羧甲基纤维素,40℃下搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;
(4)将C溶液用注射器滴入到轻微搅动(150rpm)的质量分数为2%的CaCl2溶液中,加完后继续搅拌10min,静置30min,滤出凝胶粒;用蒸馏水洗3次,冷冻干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于浓度分别为0.2mg/mL的槲皮素、白藜芦醇混合溶液中,25℃下浸渍60min,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
实施例2
一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将250mg玉米醇溶蛋白分散在50mL 0.1mol/L pH12的氢氧化钠溶液中,40℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入5mL 20mmol/L京尼平溶液,在37℃下混合反应30min,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入1.0g羧甲基纤维素,40℃下搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;
(4)将C溶液用注射器滴入到轻微搅动(150rpm)的质量分数为3%的CaCl2溶液中,加完后继续搅拌10min,静置30min,滤出凝胶粒;用蒸馏水洗3次,冷冻干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于浓度分别为0.3mg/mL的槲皮素、白藜芦醇混合溶液中,25℃下浸渍60min,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
将实施例1、2得到的水凝胶进行性能测试,测试结果如下:
图1为实施例1、2的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的傅里叶红外光谱图片,从图1可以看出:羧甲基纤维素在1580~1610cm-1和1400~1420cm-1范围内观察到的峰可以与羧酸阴离子的振动有关。玉米醇溶蛋白的特征峰在1651.21cm-1(酰胺I)和1546.56cm-1(酰胺II,-C-N和-N-H)处观察到。最后,实施例1、2在750~1750cm-1的光谱中观察到的槲皮素和白藜芦醇的许多尖锐峰消失了,这是因为槲皮素和白藜芦醇以无定形形式被包裹在水凝胶中。这些结果表明,氢键、疏水相互作用和静电相互作用参与了水凝胶的形成。
图2为实施例1、2的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的槲皮素的包埋率和负载率图片,从图2可以看出:实施例1的包埋率为52.19%,负载率为3.58%;实施例2的包埋率为46.14%,负载率为2.45%。
图3为实施例1、2的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的白藜芦醇的包埋率和负载率图片,从图3可以看出:实施例1的包埋率为60.72%,负载率为4.09%;实施例2的包埋率为56.57%,负载率为3.01%,可见,实施例1具有较高的白藜芦醇包埋率和负载率。
对比例1
(1)将250mg玉米醇溶蛋白分散在50mL 0.1mol/L pH12的氢氧化钠溶液中,40℃加热搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入5mL 10mmol/L京尼平溶液,在37℃下混合反应30min,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入1.5g羧甲基纤维素,40℃下搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;
(4)将C溶液用注射器滴入到轻微搅动(150rpm)的质量分数为3%的CaCl2溶液中,加完后继续搅拌10min,静置30min,滤出凝胶粒;用蒸馏水洗3次,冷冻干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于浓度分别为0.5mg/mL的槲皮素、白藜芦醇混合溶液中,25℃下浸渍60min,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
得到的水凝胶中槲皮素的包埋率为40.28%,负载率为1.10%;白藜芦醇的包埋率为 56.88%,负载率为1.55%。
对比例2
省略实施例1中步骤(1)的A溶液,在5mL 10mmol/L京尼平溶液中加入1.0g羧甲基纤维素,其他和实施例1保持一致,得到水凝胶。
对比例3
省略实施例1中步骤(2)的京尼平溶液;直接在步骤(1)的A溶液中加入1.0g羧甲基纤维素,其他和实施例1保持一致,得到水凝胶。
对比例4
省略实施例1中步骤(3)的羧甲基纤维素;直接将溶液B注入CaCl2溶液,其他和实施例1保持一致,得到水凝胶。
对比例5
省略实施例1中步骤(4)的CaCl2溶液,其他和实施例1保持一致,得到水凝胶。
对比例6
将实施例1中CaCl2换成FeCl3,其他和实施例1保持一致,得到水凝胶。
将实施例1、2和对比例1~6得到的水凝胶进行性能测试,测试结果如下:
图4为实施例1、2和对比例1~6得到的水凝胶的表观图片;
表1为实施例1、2和对比例1~6的水凝胶的成型性和凝胶性能测试结果;
从表1和图4可以看出:实施例1的水凝胶的成型性最好,对比例2、4、5均不能形成水凝胶珠,说明玉米醇溶蛋白、羧甲基纤维素、CaCl2均是形成水凝胶的重要原料,不可缺少。对比例3虽然能够形成水凝胶珠,但是凝胶的硬度远不如实施例1,说明京尼平能够增强凝胶的硬度,形成了致密的交联网络。另外,对比例6形成的凝胶硬度虽然最高,但是成型效果也不如实施例1,水凝胶珠出现皱缩。
表1
例 | 成型性 | 凝胶硬度(g) |
实施例1 | 好 | 3149.14±739.82<sup>c</sup> |
实施例2 | 较好 | 3553.79±237.61<sup>b</sup> |
对比例1 | 较差 | - |
对比例2 | 不能形成水凝胶珠 | - |
对比例3 | 较好 | 1958.27±199.74<sup>d</sup> |
对比例4 | 不能形成水凝胶珠 | - |
对比例5 | 不能形成水凝胶珠 | - |
对比例6 | 一般 | 4923.82±507.92<sup>a</sup> |
注:“-”代表无法进行测试。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将醇溶蛋白分散在氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入京尼平溶液,混合反应,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入羧甲基纤维素,搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;其中,醇溶蛋白与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为1:2~1:5;
(4)将C溶液滴入CaCl2溶液中,搅拌,静置,过滤,水洗、干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于功能因子溶液中,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的醇溶蛋白和氢氧化钠溶液的用量比为45~55mg:1mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中京尼平溶液为京尼平水溶液,浓度为10~50mmol/L,京尼平与玉米醇溶蛋白的质量比为1:60~1:200。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中CaCl2溶液为CaCl2水溶液,质量浓度为2%~4%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述的功能因子包括槲皮素、白藜芦醇中的一种或两种;当功能因子溶液为槲皮素、白藜芦醇的时候,槲皮素和白藜芦醇的浓度均为0.2mg/mL~1.0mg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中混合反应是在36~38℃下反应25~35min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述的浸渍是在20~30℃下浸渍40~60min。
8.权利要求1~7任一项所述的方法制备得到的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
9.权利要求8所述的所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶在制备功能食品、保健品和药物中的应用。
10.一种增加水凝胶中功能因子包埋率和凝胶强度的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将醇溶蛋白分散在氢氧化钠溶液中,搅拌至完全溶解,得到A溶液;
(2)在A溶液中加入京尼平溶液,混合反应,得到溶液B;
(3)在B溶液中加入羧甲基纤维素,搅拌至完全溶解,得到溶液C;其中,醇溶蛋白与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为1:2~1:5;
(4)将C溶液滴入CaCl2溶液中,搅拌,静置,过滤,水洗、干燥,得到水凝胶珠;
(5)将水凝胶珠浸渍于功能因子溶液中,浸渍结束后,取出,得到所述的京尼平交联醇溶蛋白羧甲基纤维素共包埋功能因子水凝胶。
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