CN115526591A - Nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition method and a nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition system, which are used for decomposing a nuclear facility decommissioning project based on the international atomic energy agency standard to obtain a mapping table of unit items and construction items; decomposing the mapping table of the unit items and the construction items based on a nuclear facility retired technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual to obtain a safety item and safety rule mapping table; and decomposing the nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain the nuclear facility decommissioning project based on the safety item and the safety rule mapping table. According to the method, the nuclear facility decommissioning project is decomposed into specific steps through wampee books and nuclear facility decommissioning technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manuals which are jointly published by three organizations of OECD, EC and IAEA, different standardization processes are formed for different types of nuclear facility decommissioning projects, the technical difficulty that cannot be overcome in decommissioning implementation projects is avoided, and the efficiency of nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear facility decommissioning engineering, in particular to a nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method and system.
Background
In the process of development of nuclear energy industry and utilization of nuclear technology, a plurality of facilities for scientific research, medical treatment, power generation and the like are newly built by human beings, the facilities meet the requirements of national defense and national economic development, but the environment is inevitably influenced more or less in the process of utilization and development of the nuclear energy industry and the nuclear technology, especially radioactive wastes generated in the process of operation and decommissioning of the nuclear facilities can also have adverse effects on the health of the public while the environment is damaged. The utilization of nuclear energy and nuclear technology should take the premise of avoiding environmental damage and reducing the influence on the public as development, and therefore, corresponding compensation modes are established while the nuclear energy is utilized, namely, the environment is compensated through retirement and radioactive waste treatment. The ultimate aim of decommissioning the nuclear facilities is to realize the unlimited development and use of the site and restore the environment to the original state as much as possible; the final purpose of the radioactive waste treatment is to reduce and minimize the amount of the radioactive waste, so that the radioactive waste is finally safely disposed, and the influence of the radioactive waste on the environment and the future development of human beings is reduced as much as possible.
The retired treatment engineering is complex in technology, different in nuclear facilities, different in established technical routes and schemes, and incapable of being treated in a unified retired mode, and particularly, in early nuclear facilities, technical difficulties which cannot be overcome temporarily often occur in retired implementation engineering, so that the implementation of the whole retired engineering is delayed.
With the approach of the service life of the nuclear facilities operated in the early years, the accumulation of the residual radioactive wastes and the increase of the radioactive wastes after the high-speed nuclear power development in the future, the contradiction between the capacity and the demand is gradually revealed, namely the contradiction between the scientific research and engineering implementation capacity of the decommissioning of the nuclear facilities and the implementation capacity of the radioactive waste treatment and the scale of the decommissioned nuclear facilities and the quantity of the radioactive waste treatment becomes more and more prominent, so that necessary measures must be taken to promote the effective development of the decommissioning of the nuclear facilities and the radioactive waste treatment work.
In summary, the prior art has the following technical problems:
the existing decommissioning engineering of nuclear facilities has non-uniform decomposition standards, so that technical difficulties which cannot be overcome often occur in decommissioning implementation engineering, and the implementation of the whole decommissioning engineering is delayed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the application is that the existing decommissioning engineering decomposition standards of the nuclear facilities are not uniform, and the purpose is to provide a decommissioning engineering decomposition method and system of the nuclear facilities, so that the problem that the implementation of the whole decommissioning engineering is delayed due to the fact that the technical difficulty which cannot be overcome often occurs in decommissioning implementation engineering is solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a decommissioning engineering decomposition method for a nuclear facility, including
S1, decomposing a nuclear facility decommissioning project based on the international atomic energy agency standard to obtain a unit item and construction item mapping table;
s2, decomposing the mapping table of the unit items and the construction items based on a nuclear facility retired technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual to obtain a safety item and safety rule mapping table;
and S3, decomposing the decommissioning projects of the different types of nuclear facilities based on the safety item and the safety rule mapping table to obtain corresponding nuclear facility decommissioning project schemes.
In the technical scheme, the international standard nuclear facility decommissioning project is decomposed into the standard suitable for the nuclear facility decommissioning project in China through a wampee book jointly published by three organizations of OECD, EC and IAEA, and a mapping table of unit items and construction items is formed. The mapping table of the unit items and the construction items is decomposed into a safety item and safety rule mapping table through an enterprise safety production standardization manual of the nuclear facility decommissioning technology equipment industry, and then the nuclear facility decommissioning engineering is decomposed into specific steps through the safety item and the safety rule, so that different standardization processes are formed for different types of nuclear facility decommissioning engineering, the technical difficulty that the decommissioning implementation engineering cannot be overcome is avoided, and the efficiency of decomposing the nuclear facility decommissioning engineering is improved. .
In an alternative embodiment, the different types of nuclear facility decommissioning projects include: the method comprises the following steps of researching reactor decommissioning, nuclear power station decommissioning, post-treatment plant decommissioning, spent fuel storage pool decommissioning, nuclear fuel circulation front-end engineering decommissioning, plutonium component factory decommissioning, accelerator decommissioning and hot room decommissioning.
In an alternative embodiment, the decommissioning of the research reactor and the decommissioning of the accelerator into corresponding nuclear facility decommissioning engineering plans includes a nuclear facility core transfer step.
In an alternative embodiment, the unit items in the unit item to construction item mapping table include standing declaration and approval applications, source item surveys, early remediation, equipment to facility decontamination, equipment to facility demolition, factory building decontamination, contaminated soil cleanup, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, final source item surveys, site cleanup, project order acceptance, and project completion acceptance.
In an optional embodiment, the construction items corresponding to the cleaning of the contaminated soil in the unit item and construction item mapping table comprise hot spot positioning, surface soil excavation of a hot spot area, sampling and analyzing whether a hot spot is in the soil, surface contamination scanning of a non-hot spot area, determining a pollution level consistent area, surface soil collection, sampling to a laboratory for accurate measurement of soil radiation level, cleaning and packaging, and transportation.
In an alternative embodiment, the security entry in the security entry and security rule mapping table comprises: the method comprises the following steps of high-altitude operation safety operation, hoisting operation safety operation, limited space overhaul operation safety operation, electrical operation safety operation, fire operation safety operation, forklift safety operation, construction site carrying operation safety operation, lifting platform safety operation and radioactive waste transport vehicle safety operation.
In an optional embodiment, the safety rules corresponding to the operation safety operations of the electrical appliances in the safety item and safety rule mapping table include basic conditions of operators, basic conditions of an operation site, basic requirements of high-voltage equipment operation, switching operations, high-voltage equipment operation, organization measures for ensuring safety, technical measures for ensuring safety, temporary electricity utilization behaviors, secondary work, maintenance work safety precautions, electrical line equipment, lightning protection safety precaution measures of a weak point system, high-voltage tests, and work on a low-voltage power distribution device and a low-voltage wire during power failure.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition system, which includes:
the nuclear facility decommissioning project acquiring unit is used for acquiring nuclear facility decommissioning projects;
a nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition unit for decomposing a nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain a step of implementing the nuclear facility decommissioning project;
and the step display unit is used for displaying the steps of the nuclear facility decommissioning project.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a terminal, including:
at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor;
wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform a core facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, where the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to execute a nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method, the nuclear facility decommissioning engineering is decomposed into specific steps through the wampee book and the nuclear facility decommissioning technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual which are jointly published by three organizations of OECD, EC and IAEA, different standardization processes are formed for different types of nuclear facility decommissioning engineering, the technical difficulty that the decommissioning implementation engineering cannot be overcome is avoided, and the nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a decommissioning engineering decomposition method for a nuclear facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a use of a decommissioning engineering decomposition system for a nuclear facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the application provides a nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method, as shown in fig. 1, including:
step S1, decomposing the decommissioning project of the nuclear facility based on the international atomic energy agency standard to obtain a unit item and construction item mapping table.
Wherein, the international atomic energy agency standard is a Chinese wampee book which is jointly published by three organizations of OECD, EC and IAEA. With the maturity and experience of the nuclear plant decommissioning industry accumulated, decommissioning funds can be reliably estimated and adequately managed during the development of decommissioning activities, with transparent cost estimation having a number of important roles. Research into the estimation of decommissioning costs of nuclear facilities by various countries and organizations has been ongoing. Three organizations, namely OECD, EC and IAEA, jointly publish a yellow book, unify cost items in the decommissioning process and update the yellow book in 2012 on the basis of 10 years of common research. In the embodiment of the application, the cost items in the retirement process are estimated by adopting a yellow book jointly published by three organizations of OECD, EC and IAEA, the unit items and the construction items suitable for the retirement process of China are obtained by combining the national conditions, and the coding is carried out in a mapping mode.
The unit item and construction item mapping table is shown in the following table:
aiming at the decommissioning condition of the nuclear facilities in China, the embodiment of the application divides unit items into thirteen types: the method comprises the following steps of standing declaration and permission application, source item investigation, early-stage remediation, equipment and facility decontamination, equipment and facility dismantling, factory building decontamination, polluted soil cleaning, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, final source item investigation, factory site cleaning, project single item acceptance and project completion acceptance. The thirteen types can cover the characteristics of eight types of decommissioning processes of national research reactor decommissioning, nuclear power station decommissioning, post-treatment plant decommissioning, spent fuel storage water pool decommissioning, nuclear fuel circulation front-end engineering decommissioning, plutonium component factory decommissioning, accelerator decommissioning and hot room decommissioning, and the decommissioning engineering is lower in decomposition cost.
And S2, decomposing the mapping table of the unit items and the construction items based on the nuclear facility decommissioning technology equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual to obtain a safety item and safety rule mapping table.
Safety is an important factor to consider in the process of carrying out decommissioning engineering of nuclear facilities. In this embodiment, the mapping table of the unit items and the construction items is decomposed in one step by adopting a nuclear facility decommissioning technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual, so that each process of the unit items and the construction items is ensured to be in an installation state. The technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual for nuclear facility decommissioning is a safety standard set by the nuclear facility industry in China, the safety item and the safety fine rule can be obtained by designing aiming at each characteristic of the unit item and the construction item based on the technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual for nuclear facility decommissioning, and the safety item and the safety fine rule are mapped and correspond to each other to obtain the safety item and the safety fine rule.
The mapping table of the security entry and the security rule is as follows:
the safety items are divided into nine items, and for the safety items with high-altitude operation safety operation, which are designed for high-altitude operation, the corresponding safety details are the personnel configuration, equipment facility safety requirements, site and operation environment requirements and high-altitude operation safety operation requirements; the safety operation of the hoisting operation is designed for the existing hoisting operation, and the corresponding safety rules comprise personnel requirements, site and environment safety requirements, equipment facility safety requirements and operation permission program requirements; the safety operation of the limited space overhauling operation is designed for the overhauling operation with limited space, and the corresponding safety details comprise the requirement of personnel on equipment and facilities, the requirement on the site and the environment, the requirement on an operation permission program and the safety control measure of the operation in the limited space. The specific details of the security entry and security rule mapping table are shown in the table above.
And S3, decomposing the nuclear facility decommissioning project based on the safety item and the safety rule mapping table to obtain a scheme of the nuclear facility decommissioning project.
Based on the safety item and the safety rule mapping table, an operation scheme corresponding to the nuclear facility decommissioning project can be generated, and a standardized flow can be provided for nuclear facility decommissioning operators.
For example, the decommissioning steps for the nuclear facility are as follows:
A. declaration and permission of standing terms;
B. source item investigation;
C. earlier stage remediation;
D. decontaminating equipment and facilities;
E. dismantling facilities and equipment;
F. decontaminating a workshop;
G. finishing polluted soil;
H. radiation protection;
I. radioactive waste management;
J. investigating final state source items;
K. cleaning a plant site;
l, item single item acceptance.
After the obtaining step, matching the corresponding step with the safety items and the safety rules in the step S2 one by one, for example, the radioactive waste management in the step I can be matched with the safety operation of the radioactive waste transport vehicle of the safety item.
Further, the emphasis on different nuclear facility decommissioning projects is different, and the steps of the generated nuclear facility decommissioning projects are different. Different nuclear plant decommissioning projects may include special processing steps in addition to the above steps.
In an alternative embodiment, the types of nuclear facility decommissioning projects include: the method comprises the following steps of researching reactor decommissioning, nuclear power station decommissioning, post-treatment plant decommissioning, spent fuel storage pool decommissioning, nuclear fuel circulation front-end engineering decommissioning, plutonium component factory decommissioning, accelerator decommissioning and hot room decommissioning.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of decommissioning the nuclear facility core from the nuclear facility decommissioning project by researching reactor decommissioning and accelerator decommissioning decomposition comprises a nuclear facility core transfer step.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of decommissioning the nuclear power plant in the nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain the nuclear facility decommissioning project comprises a nuclear facility core transfer step and a wastewater waste treatment step.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of decommissioning the post-treatment plant in the nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain the nuclear facility decommissioning project comprises a step of overall decontamination of the post-treatment plant.
In an alternative embodiment, the step of decommissioning the nuclear fuel cycle forepart plant in the nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain the nuclear facility decommissioning project comprises a step of dismantling upstream and downstream equipment of the production process.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 of the present application provides a nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition system based on embodiment 1, including:
the nuclear facility decommissioning project acquiring unit is used for acquiring nuclear facility decommissioning projects;
the nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition unit is used for decomposing the nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain a step of implementing the nuclear facility decommissioning project;
and the step display unit is used for displaying the steps of the nuclear facility decommissioning project.
As shown in fig. 2, the decommissioning engineering decomposition system of the nuclear facility is used as follows:
and (3) logging in by using the account of the nuclear facility decommissioning operator, creating a corresponding decommissioning project, selecting the type of the decommissioning project, editing the implementation item and the safety strategy item of the specific project unit, and finally obtaining a corresponding nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition step.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a recording device for field construction of nuclear facility decommissioning engineering, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory and the processor are connected with each other through a bus.
The memory stores computer-executable instructions.
The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to cause the processor to perform a method of decommissioning engineering for a core facility as described in embodiment 1.
For example, the Memory may include, but is not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a First In First Out (FIFO), a First In Last Out (FILO), and/or a First In Last Out (FILO); in particular, the processor may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, and so on. The processor may be implemented in at least one hardware form of a DSP (Digital Signal Processing), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and a PLA (Programmable Logic Array), and may also include a main processor and a coprocessor, where the main processor is a processor for Processing data in an awake state and is also referred to as a Central Processing Unit (CPU); a coprocessor is a low power processor for processing data in a standby state.
In some embodiments, the processor may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) which is responsible for rendering and drawing contents required to be displayed on the display screen, for example, the processor may not be limited to a processor adopting a model STM32F105 series microprocessor, a Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) microprocessor, an X86 or other architecture processor or an embedded neural Network Processor (NPU); the transceiver may be, but is not limited to, a wireless fidelity (WIFI) wireless transceiver, a bluetooth wireless transceiver, a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) wireless transceiver, a ZigBee wireless transceiver (ieee802.15.4 standard-based low power local area network protocol), a 3G transceiver, a 4G transceiver, and/or a 5G transceiver, etc. In addition, the device may also include, but is not limited to, a power module, a display screen, and other necessary components.
Example 4
The present embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, the computer-readable storage medium is used for implementing the decommissioning engineering decomposition method for a nuclear facility as described in embodiment 1.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, decomposing a nuclear facility decommissioning project based on the international atomic energy agency standard to obtain a unit item and construction item mapping table;
s2, decomposing the mapping table of the unit items and the construction items based on a nuclear facility retired technical equipment industry enterprise safety production standardization manual to obtain a safety item and safety rule mapping table;
and S3, decomposing the decommissioning projects of the different types of core facilities based on the safety items and the safety rule mapping table to obtain corresponding decommissioning schemes of the core facilities.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the decommissioning of different types of nuclear facilities includes: the method comprises the following steps of researching reactor decommissioning, nuclear power station decommissioning, post-treatment plant decommissioning, spent fuel storage pool decommissioning, nuclear fuel circulation front-end engineering decommissioning, plutonium component factory decommissioning, accelerator decommissioning and hot room decommissioning.
3. The nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method according to claim 2, wherein decomposing the research reactor decommissioning and the accelerator decommissioning into corresponding nuclear facility decommissioning schemes comprises a nuclear facility core transfer step.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the unit items in the unit item to construction item mapping table include standing claim and approval applications, source item surveys, early remediation, equipment to facility decontamination, equipment to facility demolition, factory building decontamination, contaminated soil cleanup, radiation protection, radioactive waste management, final source item surveys, plant site cleanup, project acceptance and project completion acceptance.
5. The decommissioning engineering decomposition method of the nuclear facility according to claim 4, wherein the construction items corresponding to cleaning of the contaminated soil in the unit item and construction item mapping table comprise hotspot positioning, excavation of surface soil of a hotspot region, sampling to analyze whether a hotspot is in the soil, surface pollution scanning of a non-hotspot region, determination of a region with consistent pollution level, collection of surface soil, sampling to a laboratory to accurately measure soil radiation level, cleaning, packaging and transportation.
6. The decommissioning engineering method of claim 1, wherein the security entries in the security entry and security rule mapping table include: the method comprises the following steps of high-altitude operation safety operation, hoisting operation safety operation, limited space overhaul operation safety operation, electrical operation safety operation, fire operation safety operation, forklift safety operation, construction site carrying operation safety operation, lifting platform safety operation and radioactive waste transport vehicle safety operation.
7. The decommissioning method of the nuclear facility engineering as claimed in claim 6, wherein the safety rules corresponding to the electrical equipment operation safety operations in the safety item and safety rule mapping table include basic conditions of operators, basic conditions of an operation site, basic requirements of high-voltage equipment operation, switching operation, high-voltage equipment operation, organization measures for ensuring safety, technical measures for ensuring safety, temporary power utilization behavior, secondary work, maintenance work safety precautions, electrical line equipment, lightning protection safety precautionary measures for weak point systems, high-voltage tests, and work on a low-voltage power distribution device and a low-voltage wire during power outage.
8. A nuclear facility decommissioning engineering decomposition system, comprising:
the nuclear facility decommissioning project acquiring unit is used for acquiring nuclear facility decommissioning projects;
a nuclear facility decommissioning project decomposition unit for decomposing a nuclear facility decommissioning project to obtain a step of implementing the nuclear facility decommissioning project;
and the step display unit is used for displaying the steps of the nuclear facility decommissioning project.
9. A terminal, comprising:
at least one processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor;
wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the core facility decommissioning engineering decomposition method of claims 1-7.
10. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer-executable instructions for causing a computer to perform the method for nuclear facility decommissioning engineering according to claims 1-7.
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Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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