CN115523000B - Thermal power peak regulation energy-saving system and regulation method of small pre-regulation stage steam turbine - Google Patents
Thermal power peak regulation energy-saving system and regulation method of small pre-regulation stage steam turbine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
- F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/105—Final actuators by passing part of the fluid
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
- F01D17/10—Final actuators
- F01D17/12—Final actuators arranged in stator parts
- F01D17/14—Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective cross-sectional area of nozzles or guide conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal power peak regulation energy saving system and a thermal power peak regulation energy saving method based on a small pre-regulation stage turbine. The energy-saving system and the adjusting method overcome the defects of the thermal generator set in the energy-saving and consumption-reducing links in the prior art, widen the adjusting range, improve the adjusting flexibility and the energy-saving and consumption-reducing efficiency, and are suitable for the technical fields of deep peak shaving and energy saving of the thermal generator set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of deep peak regulation and energy conservation of thermal power generating sets, and particularly relates to a thermal power peak regulation energy-saving system and a thermal power peak regulation energy-saving method of a small turbine with a front regulation stage.
Background
With the improvement of domestic carbon reduction requirements, the new energy is more and more high in duty ratio. The peak regulation pressure of the traditional thermal generator set is larger and larger, and the participation of the thermal generator set in deep peak regulation becomes a necessary development trend in the field. Due to the design characteristics of the traditional thermal generator set, the thermal generator set has much lower design efficiency in the peak shaving process, especially in low-load operation. It becomes particularly important how to improve the efficiency of the thermal generator set under peak shaving in different load sections. At present, the low-load peak regulation effect of the thermal generator set mainly comprises the following three modes:
1. Combustion adjustment: the combustion efficiency of the low-load section is improved by changing the states of low combustion efficiency, large oxygen amount and low reheat steam temperature of the boiler during low load and through combustion adjustment;
2. the cold end is effective: by modifying the cold end system, the heat exchange allowance of the cold end system under low load is discovered, and the running back pressure of the unit is reduced and the efficiency of the unit is improved under the condition that the safety of the cold end system is ensured;
3. And a heat supply back pressure small turbine is additionally arranged: and when the load is low, the steam is supplied by adopting higher pressure steam, and partial residual pressure is recovered by additionally arranging a back pressure small steam turbine so as to improve the efficiency.
The mode is a traditional efficiency improving means, only combines the operation characteristics of medium and low loads, improves and improves the performance of the thermal generator set to a certain extent, but still has the following defects:
1. the space for reducing the energy consumption after transformation is limited and is not more than 5g/kWh;
2. Some technologies require specific heating (or steam supply) conditions and are not applicable to all units;
3. not being applicable to all working conditions, the energy-saving effect is obvious only in a certain working condition section;
4. If the steam supply back pressure machine system also relates to switching of the system during variable working condition operation, the operation adjustment is inflexible.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thermal power peak regulation energy-saving system of a small pre-regulation stage steam turbine, which is used for solving the defects of a thermal generator set in the prior art, so as to widen the regulation range, improve the regulation flexibility, and save energy and reduce consumption.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The thermal power peak regulation energy saving system based on the pre-regulation stage small turbine comprises a boiler, a large turbine and a main generator, wherein the boiler is connected with the large turbine through a main steam pipeline, the output end of the large turbine is connected with the main generator, a pre-regulation subsystem, a bypass regulation subsystem and a nozzle regulation subsystem are arranged on the main steam pipeline connected with the boiler, the pre-regulation subsystem and the bypass regulation subsystem are arranged in parallel, the pre-regulation subsystem and the bypass regulation subsystem are both connected with the nozzle regulation subsystem in series, and the steam outlet of the nozzle regulation subsystem is connected with the steam inlet of the large turbine;
the front-end adjusting subsystem comprises a front-end adjusting stage small turbine, a steam inlet of the front-end adjusting stage small turbine is connected with the main steam pipeline, a steam outlet of the front-end adjusting stage small turbine is connected with the nozzle adjusting subsystem, and an output end of the front-end adjusting stage small turbine is connected with the auxiliary generator.
The exhaust port of the small pre-regulation stage steam turbine is provided with a first exhaust branch and a second exhaust branch in parallel, and the first exhaust branch and the second exhaust branch are connected with the nozzle regulation subsystem.
The bypass regulating subsystem comprises a first steam-sending trunk and a second steam-sending trunk which are arranged in parallel, the first steam-sending trunk is provided with a first steam-sending branch and a second steam-sending branch in parallel, the second steam-sending trunk is provided with a third steam-sending branch and a fourth steam-sending branch in parallel, the first steam-sending branch, the second steam-sending branch, the third steam-sending branch and the fourth steam-sending branch are all connected with the nozzle regulating subsystem, the first steam-exhausting branch and the second steam-exhausting branch are respectively connected into the first steam-sending trunk and the second steam-sending trunk, and an access point is positioned between the steam inlet end and the steam exhausting end of the two steam-sending trunk;
Further, the nozzle adjusting subsystem comprises four adjusting nozzles, steam inlets of the four adjusting nozzles are respectively connected with the four steam delivery branches, and steam outlets of the four adjusting nozzles are connected with the steam inlet of the large steam turbine.
Further, the front-end adjusting subsystem further comprises a small turbine inlet valve and a small turbine inlet valve which are arranged on the inlet side of the front-end adjusting stage in series, a small turbine exhaust valve I and a small turbine exhaust valve I are arranged on the first exhaust branch in series, and a small turbine exhaust valve II are arranged on the second exhaust branch in series.
Further, a main steam partition door I and a main steam door I are arranged on the first steam delivery trunk in series, a main steam partition door II and a main steam door II are arranged on the second steam delivery trunk in series, the first steam discharge branch and the second steam discharge branch are respectively connected to the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk, the access points are respectively located between the main steam partition door I and the main steam door I and between the main steam partition door II and the main steam door II, and the four steam delivery branches are respectively provided with a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door I, a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door II, a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door III and a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door IV.
Furthermore, a reduction gearbox is connected between the large turbine and the main generator, and a reduction gearbox is arranged between the small turbine and the auxiliary generator.
Furthermore, the small front-end regulating stage turbine adopts back pressure type and is provided with a shaft sealing system, and the rotating speed adjustable range of the small front-end regulating stage turbine is 3000-8000r/min.
Furthermore, the auxiliary generator can be a synchronous generator or an asynchronous generator, the output voltage of the generator can be 6kV or 10kV, and the auxiliary generator is connected to a factory power system or 20kV and is directly and synchronously combined with the generator into a power grid.
The invention also discloses a regulating method of the thermal power peak regulation energy saving system based on the preposed regulating stage small steam turbine, and the regulating method of the operating conditions in different load sections is as follows:
High load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is closed; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end and a steam exhaust end are both opened, a first steam delivery branch and a second steam delivery branch are both opened, a third steam delivery branch is opened, and the opening of a fourth steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load from 0 to 100%;
The main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure reaches the rated pressure;
Intermediate load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is closed; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end and a steam exhaust end are both opened, a first steam delivery branch and a second steam delivery branch are both opened, the opening of a third steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load, the opening of the third steam delivery branch is opened from 0 to 100%, and a fourth steam delivery branch is closed;
The main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure reaches the rated pressure;
designing a load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam sending main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam sending main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, the first steam sending branch and the second steam sending branch are both opened, and the third steam sending branch and the fourth steam sending branch are both opened;
the main steam pressure adopts a sliding pressure operation mode and is slid downwards from the rated pressure;
Low load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, both the first steam delivery branch and the second steam delivery branch are opened, a third steam delivery branch is opened, and the opening of a fourth steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load from 0 to 100%;
the main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure is reached to a certain pressure lower than the rated pressure;
very low load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam supply main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam supply main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, both a first steam supply branch and a second steam supply branch are opened, a third steam supply branch is opened, and a fourth steam supply branch is closed;
The main steam pressure adopts a sliding pressure operation mode.
Further, relative to full operating mode operation, the load segments are divided into the following ranges:
High load section: 80% -100%;
Intermediate load section: 50% -80%;
Designing a load section: 50% -40%;
Low load section: 40% -30%;
very low load section: <30%.
Compared with the prior art, the energy-saving system and the adjusting method have the following technical progress: the main steam pipeline of the boiler outlet in front of the steam turbine is provided with a front regulating subsystem and a bypass regulating subsystem which are arranged in parallel, the front regulating subsystem and the bypass regulating subsystem are both connected with the nozzle regulating subsystem in series, the steam outlet of the nozzle regulating subsystem is connected with the steam inlet of the large steam turbine, the main steam pipeline is opened and closed to different degrees through the mutual coordination of the front regulating subsystem and the steam inlet of the large steam turbine, so that the main steam with different flow rates is conveyed to the large steam turbine to do work, and meanwhile, the front regulating subsystem is used for realizing the graded utilization of energy to the main steam, so that the throttling loss caused by peak regulation only through a main steam partition door in the prior art is reduced, the aim of regulating peak of the thermal power generator set under different load working conditions is fulfilled, the efficiency of the thermal power generator set is improved, the aim of flexible regulation is fulfilled without depending on specific external conditions such as heating or steam supply is not needed, the thermal power generator set with different working conditions and flexible operation regulation is suitable for different working conditions and different types of thermal power generator sets;
In conclusion, the invention is applicable to all thermal power generation units and has the characteristic of universality; the energy consumption of the whole working condition of 0-100% can be improved; the adjusting nozzle of the existing thermal generator set is combined for matching adjustment, the system does not need frequent input and cutting out, and the system is safe and reliable in operation and flexible in adjustment.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of main steam pressure operation of a subcritical unit prior to and after modification using the economizer system and conditioning method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the power supply coal consumption of the subcritical unit before and after modification of the low load section by utilizing the energy saving system and the regulating method provided by the invention.
Marking parts: the system comprises a main valve I-101, a main valve II-102, a turbine distribution valve I-103, a turbine distribution valve II-104, a turbine distribution valve III-105, a turbine distribution valve IV-106, a nozzle adjusting subsystem-107, a front adjusting stage small turbine-201, a small turbine inlet valve-202, a small turbine inlet valve-203, a main valve partition valve I-204, a main valve partition valve II-205, a small turbine exhaust valve I-206, a small turbine exhaust valve II-207, a small turbine exhaust valve I-208, a small turbine exhaust valve II-209, a boiler-301, a large turbine-401, a reduction gearbox-501, a secondary generator-601 and a main generator-701.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention discloses a thermal power peak regulation energy saving system based on a small pre-regulation stage turbine, which is shown in fig. 1 and comprises a boiler 301, a large turbine 401 and a main generator 701, wherein the boiler 301 is connected with the large turbine 401 through a main steam pipeline, the output end of the large turbine 401 is connected with the main generator 701, a pre-regulation subsystem, a bypass regulation subsystem and a nozzle regulation subsystem 107 are arranged on the main steam pipeline connected with the boiler 301, the pre-regulation subsystem and the bypass regulation subsystem are arranged in parallel, the pre-regulation subsystem and the bypass regulation subsystem are both arranged in series with the nozzle regulation subsystem 107, and the steam outlet of the nozzle regulation subsystem 107 is connected with the steam inlet of the large turbine 401.
As a preferred embodiment, the pre-conditioning subsystem includes a pre-conditioning stage turbine, the steam inlet of the pre-conditioning stage turbine is connected to the main steam pipe, the steam outlet is connected to the nozzle conditioning subsystem 107, and the output of the pre-conditioning stage turbine is connected to the auxiliary generator 601. The exhaust port of the small pre-regulating stage turbine is provided with a first exhaust branch and a second exhaust branch in parallel, and the first exhaust branch and the second exhaust branch are connected with the nozzle regulating subsystem 107.
The front-end adjusting subsystem further comprises a small turbine inlet valve 202 and a small turbine inlet valve 203 which are arranged on the inlet side of the front-end adjusting stage in series, a small turbine exhaust valve I206 and a small turbine exhaust valve I208 are arranged on the first exhaust branch in series, and a small turbine exhaust valve II 207 and a small turbine exhaust valve II 209 are arranged on the second exhaust branch in series.
As a preferred embodiment, the bypass adjustment subsystem includes a first steam-sending trunk and a second steam-sending trunk that are arranged in parallel, the first steam-sending trunk is provided with a first steam-sending branch and a second steam-sending branch in parallel, the second steam-sending trunk is provided with a third steam-sending branch and a fourth steam-sending branch in parallel, the first steam-sending branch, the second steam-sending branch, the third steam-sending branch and the fourth steam-sending branch are all connected with the nozzle adjustment subsystem 107, the steam outlet of the nozzle adjustment subsystem 107 is connected with the steam inlet of the large steam turbine 401, the first steam-discharging branch and the second steam-discharging branch are respectively connected into the first steam-sending trunk and the second steam-sending trunk, and the access point is located between the steam inlet end and the steam outlet end of the two steam-sending trunk. The first steam delivery trunk is provided with a main steam partition door I204 and a main steam door I101 in series, the second steam delivery trunk is provided with a main steam partition door II 205 and a main steam door II 102 in series, the first steam discharge branch and the second steam discharge branch are respectively connected to the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk, the access points are respectively positioned between the main steam partition door I204 and the main steam door I101 and between the main steam partition door II 205 and the main steam door II 102, and the four steam delivery branches are respectively provided with a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door I103, a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door II 104, a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door III 105 and a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door IV 106.
Wherein, the steam inlet end and the steam outlet end of the first steam delivery trunk are respectively controlled by the main steam partition door I204 and the main steam door I101, and the steam inlet end and the steam outlet end of the second steam delivery trunk are respectively controlled by the main steam partition door II 205 and the main steam door II 102.
As a preferred embodiment, the nozzle adjusting subsystem 107 includes four adjusting nozzles, the steam inlets of the four adjusting nozzles are respectively connected to the four steam delivery branches, and the steam outlets of the four adjusting nozzles are connected to the steam inlet of the large turbine 401. In addition, the method is also applicable to a six-valve steam distribution regulation turbine unit, namely, three steam delivery branches are arranged on each steam delivery trunk, and each steam delivery branch is correspondingly provided with a steam distribution regulating valve and a regulating nozzle of the turbine.
As a preferred embodiment, a reduction gearbox 501 is connected between the large turbine 401 and the main generator 701, and a reduction gearbox 501 is arranged between the small turbine with a pre-regulating stage and the auxiliary generator 601. The small front-end regulating stage turbine adopts back pressure type and is provided with a shaft sealing system, and the rotating speed adjustable range of the small front-end regulating stage turbine is 3000-8000r/min. The auxiliary generator 601 can be a synchronous generator or an asynchronous generator, the output voltage of the generator can be 6kV or 10kV, and the auxiliary generator is connected to a factory power system or 20kV and is directly and synchronously combined with the generator into a power grid.
The invention patent with the patent application number of CN201510598656.2 discloses a heat supply and energy storage system of a back pressure machine and a heat supply and energy storage method thereof, wherein during the heat load peak, water fed into a heat return system of the heat supply back pressure machine is hot water in a hot water tank, so that the steam consumption of the heat return system for heating the steam discharged by the heat supply back pressure machine is reduced, and the external heat supply quantity is increased. The patent number CN217004623U discloses a flexible heat supply system of a back pressure turbine, an outlet of the back pressure turbine is communicated with a shell side inlet of a low pressure heater, a shell side outlet of the low pressure heater is communicated with an inlet of a condenser through a drain pump, a heat supply network water return pipeline is communicated with a pipe side inlet of the low pressure heater, a pipe side outlet of the low pressure heater is connected in parallel with two paths, one path is communicated with a pipe side inlet of a high pressure heater through a communication valve, the other path is communicated with a heat supply network water supply pipeline through an outlet valve of the low pressure heater, and a pipe side outlet of the high pressure heater is communicated with the heat supply network water supply pipeline; the back pressure steam turbine is connected with the generator, and the system can flexibly adjust the water temperature of the heat supply network according to the heat supply network user demand on the heat supply network. The two patents are both heat supply peak regulation energy-saving systems in the prior art, and depend on specific external conditions such as heat supply or steam supply, and the adopted mode is a temperature and pressure regulation structural form, but any concept of arranging a front regulation stage small turbine in the peak regulation energy-saving system of a thermal power generating set is not involved, and the small turbine is a simple heat supply system application type small turbine although the turbine is arranged.
In addition, in the existing patent, although some modes of improving efficiency of a small steam turbine are adopted, the mode of regulating peak and saving energy is mainly adopted by combining a back pressure or energy storage mode of a steam supply system, and the mode still has certain limitations, on one hand, the mode has requirements on heat supply conditions and is not applicable to a general pure condensing unit; on the other hand, the small steam turbine is not combined with the existing steam turbine steam distribution adjusting mode of the large steam turbine 401, is in an isolated state, and cannot realize the function of peak regulation and energy saving.
The invention mainly combines the characteristic of regulating the steam distribution of the large turbine 401 in the prior art, realizes the optimal steam distribution regulation of the whole working condition according to the regular characteristic of the whole working condition load regulation, simultaneously avoids the potential safety hazard caused by frequent input and cut-out of an additional regulating system, and realizes the normal input of the small turbine of the front regulating stage in the front regulating subsystem under the whole working condition. In the low load section, the small turbine and the large turbine 401 of the front regulating stage are in a series operation state; in the middle-high load section, the small front-mounted regulating stage steam turbine and the large steam turbine 401 are in a series-parallel (partial series connection and partial parallel connection) running state, and meanwhile, the effective running is realized under all working conditions, so that the flexible peak regulation capacity and the energy saving and consumption reduction efficiency of the thermal generator set under 0-100% of all working conditions are integrally improved; under the conditions of medium and low load working conditions and low operation main steam pressure, the throttling loss of a turbine regulating valve in the prior art is converted into electric power through a small turbine of a pre-regulating stage connected in series in front of a large turbine 401, recovery work is performed for utilization, peak regulation is met, energy cascade utilization is realized, energy utilization rate is improved, and the effects of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved. After the energy-saving system provided by the invention is utilized, the overall cyclic heat efficiency of the steam turbine unit can be greatly improved when the thermal generator unit runs under 80% of load, and particularly the efficiency is improved more obviously when the thermal generator unit runs under 50% of load.
The invention also discloses a regulating method of the thermal power peak regulation energy saving system based on the preposed regulating stage small steam turbine, and the regulating method of the operating conditions in different load sections is as follows:
High load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is closed; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end and a steam exhaust end are both opened, a first steam delivery branch and a second steam delivery branch are both opened, a third steam delivery branch is opened, and the opening of a fourth steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load from 0 to 100%;
The main steam generated by the boiler 301 enters a main steam pipeline and then is divided into two paths, one path enters a small steam turbine with a pre-regulation stage, one part of the main steam is output to a secondary generator 601 through the small steam turbine with the pre-regulation stage to be recycled for acting, the cascade utilization is realized while the main steam is regulated, the other part of the main steam enters a first steam delivery trunk through a first steam exhaust branch, the other path enters a second steam delivery trunk, and the main steam from the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk respectively enter four corresponding steam delivery branches to be matched and regulated and then are conveyed to a large steam turbine 401 through a nozzle regulating subsystem 107;
The main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure reaches the rated pressure;
Intermediate load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is closed; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end and a steam exhaust end are both opened, a first steam delivery branch and a second steam delivery branch are both opened, the opening of a third steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load, the opening of the third steam delivery branch is opened from 0 to 100%, and a fourth steam delivery branch is closed;
The main steam generated by the boiler 301 enters a main steam pipeline and then is divided into two paths, one path enters a small steam turbine with a pre-regulation stage, one part of the main steam is output to a secondary generator 601 through the small steam turbine with the pre-regulation stage to be recycled for acting, the cascade utilization is realized while the main steam is regulated, the other part of the main steam enters a first steam delivery trunk through a first steam exhaust branch, the other path enters a second steam delivery trunk, and the main steam from the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk respectively enter three corresponding steam delivery branches to be matched and regulated and then are conveyed to a large steam turbine 401 through a nozzle regulating subsystem 107;
The main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure reaches the rated pressure;
designing a load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam sending main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam sending main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, the first steam sending branch and the second steam sending branch are both opened, and the third steam sending branch and the fourth steam sending branch are both opened;
Main steam generated by the boiler 301 enters a small pre-regulating stage turbine after passing through a main steam pipeline, one part of the main steam is output to a secondary generator 601 through the small pre-regulating stage turbine to be recycled for acting, cascade utilization is realized while the main steam is regulated, the other part of the main steam enters a first steam delivery trunk and a second steam delivery trunk respectively through a first steam discharge branch and a second steam discharge branch, the main steam from the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk respectively enters four corresponding steam delivery branches, and is then conveyed to a large turbine 401 through a nozzle regulating subsystem 107, and the main steam pressure operation mode is from constant pressure to rated pressure;
the main steam pressure adopts a sliding pressure operation mode and is slid downwards from the rated pressure;
Low load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, both the first steam delivery branch and the second steam delivery branch are opened, a third steam delivery branch is opened, and the opening of a fourth steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load from 0 to 100%;
Main steam generated by the boiler 301 enters a small steam turbine of a pre-regulation stage after passing through a main steam pipeline, one part of the main steam is output to a secondary generator 601 through the small steam turbine of the pre-regulation stage to be recycled for acting, cascade utilization is realized while the main steam is regulated, the other part of the main steam enters a first steam delivery trunk and a second steam delivery trunk respectively through a first steam discharge branch and a second steam discharge branch, the main steam from the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk respectively enters three corresponding steam delivery branches to be matched and regulated, and then is conveyed to a large steam turbine 401 through a nozzle regulating subsystem 107, and the main steam pressure operation mode is from constant pressure to rated pressure;
the main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure is reached to a certain pressure lower than the rated pressure;
very low load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam supply main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam supply main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, both a first steam supply branch and a second steam supply branch are opened, a third steam supply branch is opened, and a fourth steam supply branch is closed;
Main steam generated by the boiler 301 enters a small pre-regulating stage turbine after passing through a main steam pipeline, one part of the main steam is output to a secondary generator 601 through the small pre-regulating stage turbine to be recycled for acting, cascade utilization is realized while the main steam is regulated, the other part of the main steam enters a first steam delivery trunk and a second steam delivery trunk respectively through a first steam discharge branch and a second steam discharge branch, the main steam from the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk respectively enters three corresponding steam delivery branches, and is then conveyed to a large turbine 401 through a nozzle regulating subsystem 107, and the main steam pressure operation mode is from constant pressure to rated pressure;
The main steam pressure adopts a sliding pressure operation mode.
Further, relative to full operating mode operation, the load segments are divided into the following ranges:
High load section: 80% -100%;
Intermediate load section: 50% -80%;
Designing a load section: 50% -40%;
Low load section: 40% -30%;
very low load section: <30%.
The load segments can be divided according to the characteristics of power grid dispatching in different regions.
The specific adjusting process and the working principle of the invention are as follows:
Taking a subcritical unit as an example, as shown in fig. 2, a typical main steam pressure operation curve is shown, and it can be clearly seen from the curve that after the subcritical unit is reformed by the system provided by the invention, the main steam operation pressure under medium and low load is obviously improved compared with that before the reformation, and the control and adjustment of the main steam pressure require a corresponding flexible and reliable adjustment method of the system, and the specific control and adjustment method of the whole load section is as follows:
If 50% working condition is used as a design point (the load of the design point is generally selected to be 40-50% and can be selected according to the actual running condition of the load), the two steam exhaust branches of the pre-regulating stage small steam turbine all enter the state of the regulating stage nozzle group under 50% of load. When the load is reduced, the steam turbine steam distribution regulating doors of the four steam delivery branches are all opened, namely the sliding pressure operation is performed in a four-valve opening state (the same strategy is performed for a six-valve unit), the steam turbine steam distribution regulating doors are operated to a certain load point, the opening of the single steam turbine steam distribution regulating door is adjusted along with the coincidence, the constant pressure operation is performed for a period of time, the three-valve opening state is closed, and the sliding pressure operation is performed; when the load section is operated at more than 50%, the constant pressure operation is kept, the small steam turbine of the front-end regulation stage only enters the half-side regulation stage nozzle group through one steam exhaust branch, the embodiment belongs to a four-valve unit, two regulation nozzles are used for delivering steam, three regulation nozzle groups are used for delivering steam for a six-valve unit, the other half side is equivalent to a bypass for matching operation, when the load is increased to 80%, one steam turbine steam distribution regulating valve is opened, the other steam turbine steam distribution regulating valve is opened, and the opening degree is adjusted according with the coincidence, and the load is increased to rated 100%.
Examples:
taking a 300MW direct air cooling unit as an example, as shown in figure 3, the coal consumption condition before and after transformation is compared through the scheme provided by the system under the load of below 50%.
| Load section | Very low load section | Low load section | Design load section | Intermediate load |
| Load factor | 20％ | 30％ | 40％ | 50％ |
| Coal consumption, g/kWh before transformation | 405.9 | 382.4 | 367.3 | 356.8 |
| Coal consumption, g/kWh after transformation | 387.3 | 364.7 | 350.4 | 340.3 |
| The coal consumption is reduced, g/kWh | 18.6 | 17.7 | 16.9 | 16.5 |
Coal consumption comparison table before and after transformation by using scheme provided by system under load of 50%
Under the working condition of 20-50%, the power generation coal consumption of the unit is reduced to 16-18g/kWh, and the energy efficiency is greatly improved. According to the system, the efficiency of the unit during medium and low load is greatly improved by adding the small pre-adjusting stage turbine, the coal consumption of the unit can be 15g/kWh when the medium and low load is improved, and the coal consumption of the unit can be more than 10g/kWh when the average working condition is improved. In the table above, the coal consumption of the unit is reduced by 16.5g/kWh-18.6g/kWh in a 20% -50% load section; on the one hand, after the main steam pressure is improved, the overall circulation efficiency of the unit is improved, meanwhile, the large steam turbine 401 is always maintained at the working points of three-valve opening and four-valve opening, the throttling loss is small, and the high-pressure cylinder is always operated at a high-efficiency point; on the other hand, the small turbine with the front adjusting stage adopts a high-speed turbine, and the efficiency is high. By combining the aspects, the circulation efficiency of the modified unit is greatly improved.
From the above embodiments, the following can be concluded:
1. By additionally arranging the small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine, the main steam pressure of low-load operation in the unit is greatly improved under the condition that the high-pressure cylinder of the large steam turbine 401 is ensured to operate efficiently under all working conditions;
2. The system provided by the invention has high heat efficiency, greatly improves the efficiency of the unit in medium and low loads, improves the coal consumption of the unit to 15g/kWh in medium and low loads, and improves the coal consumption of the unit to 10g/kWh under average working conditions;
3. The adjusting method provided by the invention divides the main steam of the steam exhaust of the boiler 301 into the left side and the right side, can be simultaneously input into the two sides, can be additionally provided with a bypass when being input into the single side, can be input into operation under the full working condition of the small front-stage adjusting steam turbine, does not need frequent input and cutting out, can realize the matching adjustment of a plurality of steam distribution adjusting doors of the large steam turbine 401, and has flexible operation adjustment;
4. The system and the adjusting method provided by the invention can effectively solve the problems of low load efficiency and inflexible operation in the unit.
In conclusion, the invention is applicable to all thermal power generation units and has the characteristic of universality; the energy consumption of the whole working condition of 0-100% can be improved; the regulating valve of the existing thermal generator set is combined for matching regulation, the system does not need frequent input and cutting out, and the operation regulation is flexible.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a thermal power peak regulation economizer system based on leading regulation level little steam turbine, includes boiler, big steam turbine and main generator, the boiler links to each other with big steam turbine through main steam pipeline, and the output of big steam turbine links to each other with main generator, its characterized in that: the main steam pipeline connected with the boiler is provided with a front-end adjusting subsystem, a bypass adjusting subsystem and a nozzle adjusting subsystem, the front-end adjusting subsystem and the bypass adjusting subsystem are arranged in parallel, the front-end adjusting subsystem and the bypass adjusting subsystem are both arranged in series with the nozzle adjusting subsystem, and a steam outlet of the nozzle adjusting subsystem is connected with a steam inlet of a large steam turbine;
The front-end adjusting subsystem comprises a front-end adjusting stage small turbine, a steam inlet of the front-end adjusting stage small turbine is connected with the main steam pipeline, a steam outlet of the front-end adjusting stage small turbine is connected with the nozzle adjusting subsystem, and an output end of the front-end adjusting stage small turbine is connected with the auxiliary generator;
the exhaust port of the small pre-regulation stage steam turbine is provided with a first exhaust branch and a second exhaust branch in parallel, and the first exhaust branch and the second exhaust branch are connected with the nozzle regulation subsystem;
The bypass regulating subsystem comprises a first steam-sending trunk and a second steam-sending trunk which are arranged in parallel, the first steam-sending trunk is provided with a first steam-sending branch and a second steam-sending branch in parallel, the second steam-sending trunk is provided with a third steam-sending branch and a fourth steam-sending branch in parallel, the first steam-sending branch, the second steam-sending branch, the third steam-sending branch and the fourth steam-sending branch are all connected with the nozzle regulating subsystem, the first steam-exhausting branch and the second steam-exhausting branch are respectively connected into the first steam-sending trunk and the second steam-sending trunk, and an access point is positioned between the steam inlet end and the steam exhausting end of the two steam-sending trunk;
a reduction gearbox is connected between the large turbine and the main generator, and a reduction gearbox is arranged between the small turbine of the pre-regulation stage and the auxiliary generator.
2. The thermal power peak shaving energy saving system based on the small pre-conditioning stage steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the thermal power peak shaving energy saving system is characterized in that: the nozzle adjusting subsystem comprises four adjusting nozzles, steam inlets of the four adjusting nozzles are respectively connected with four steam delivery branches, and steam outlets of the four adjusting nozzles are connected with steam inlets of the large steam turbine.
3. The thermal power peak shaving energy saving system based on the small pre-conditioning stage steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the thermal power peak shaving energy saving system is characterized in that: the front-end adjusting subsystem further comprises a small turbine inlet valve and a small turbine inlet valve which are arranged on the inlet side of the front-end adjusting stage in series, a small turbine exhaust valve I and a small turbine exhaust valve I are arranged on the first exhaust branch in series, and a small turbine exhaust valve II are arranged on the second exhaust branch in series.
4. The thermal power peak shaving energy saving system based on the small pre-conditioning stage steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the thermal power peak shaving energy saving system is characterized in that: the first steam delivery trunk is provided with a main steam partition door I and a main steam door I in series, the second steam delivery trunk is provided with a main steam partition door II and a main steam door II in series, the first steam discharge branch and the second steam discharge branch are respectively connected to the first steam delivery trunk and the second steam delivery trunk, the access points are respectively positioned between the main steam partition door I and the main steam door I and between the main steam partition door II and the main steam door II, and the four steam delivery branches are respectively provided with a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door I, a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door II, a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door III and a steam turbine steam distribution regulating door IV.
5. The thermal power peak shaving energy saving system based on the small pre-conditioning stage steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the thermal power peak shaving energy saving system is characterized in that: the small front-end regulating stage turbine adopts back pressure type and is provided with a shaft sealing system, and the rotating speed adjustable range of the small front-end regulating stage turbine is 3000-8000r/min.
6. The thermal power peak shaving energy saving system based on the small pre-conditioning stage steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the thermal power peak shaving energy saving system is characterized in that: the auxiliary generator is a synchronous generator or an asynchronous generator, the output voltage of the generator is 6kV and 10kV, and the auxiliary generator is connected to a station service system or 20kV and is directly and synchronously combined with the main generator into a power grid.
7. The method for adjusting the thermal power peak regulation energy saving system based on the pre-adjusting stage small turbine according to claim 1, wherein the adjusting method for the operation conditions in different load sections is as follows:
High load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is closed; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end and a steam exhaust end are both opened, a first steam delivery branch and a second steam delivery branch are both opened, a third steam delivery branch is opened, and the opening of a fourth steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load from 0 to 100%;
The main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure reaches the rated pressure;
Intermediate load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is closed; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end and a steam exhaust end are both opened, a first steam delivery branch and a second steam delivery branch are both opened, the opening of a third steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load, the opening of the third steam delivery branch is opened from 0 to 100%, and a fourth steam delivery branch is closed;
The main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure reaches the rated pressure;
designing a load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam sending main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam sending main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, the first steam sending branch and the second steam sending branch are both opened, and the third steam sending branch and the fourth steam sending branch are both opened;
the main steam pressure adopts a sliding pressure operation mode and is slid downwards from the rated pressure;
low load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam delivery main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, both the first steam delivery branch and the second steam delivery branch are opened, a third steam delivery branch is opened, and the opening of a fourth steam delivery branch is adjusted along with load from 0 to 100%;
the main steam pressure adopts a constant pressure operation mode, and the constant pressure is reached to a certain pressure lower than the rated pressure;
very low load section: in the front-end adjusting subsystem, a small front-end adjusting stage steam turbine is put into operation, a first steam exhaust branch is opened, and a second steam exhaust branch is opened; in the bypass adjusting subsystem, a first steam supply main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, a second steam supply main steam inlet end is closed, a steam exhaust end is opened, both a first steam supply branch and a second steam supply branch are opened, a third steam supply branch is opened, and a fourth steam supply branch is closed;
The main steam pressure adopts a sliding pressure operation mode.
8. The thermal power peak regulation method based on the small pre-regulation stage turbine according to claim 7, wherein the relative full-working-condition operation is characterized in that the dividing range of each load segment is as follows:
High load section: 80% -100%;
intermediate load section: 50% -80%;
Designing a load section: 40% -50%;
low load section: 30% -40%;
Very low load section: <30%.
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