CN115522929A - Large water open pit step downward digging method - Google Patents
Large water open pit step downward digging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115522929A CN115522929A CN202211208994.7A CN202211208994A CN115522929A CN 115522929 A CN115522929 A CN 115522929A CN 202211208994 A CN202211208994 A CN 202211208994A CN 115522929 A CN115522929 A CN 115522929A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/26—Methods of surface mining; Layouts therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a large water open pit mining step downward digging method which comprises the following steps: constructing a shallow hole blast hole group on an upper plate step of an ore body of a water-bearing stratum, and forming a temporary step after blasting; dividing the temporary step into a temporary water sump area and a platform area; laying deep hole blast hole groups in the temporary water sump area; distributing a differential blast hole group in a platform area, blasting the deep hole blast hole group to form a water interception and drainage pool, and using a mudstone water-resisting layer as a water-resisting retaining wall of the water interception and drainage pool; blasting the difference blast hole group to form a water intercepting ditch and a slope platform, and communicating the water intercepting and draining pool, the water intercepting ditch and the slope platform to form a pit bottom advanced water intercepting system so that the underground flows to the water intercepting and draining pool; pumping and draining the underground water in the drainage pool, reducing the water level of the underground water, and digging the ore body down to the pit bottom platform. The method can thoroughly solve the problem of water excavation trouble under the open-air large water mining pit, and has low implementation difficulty and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the mining industry, and particularly relates to a large water open pit step downward digging method.
Background
When large water deposits are mined in the open air, the stability of the side slope is affected by the problems of side slope seepage, water burst in blast holes, water filling in a mining field and the like, the mining operation environment is worsened, the blasting cost is increased, the blasting effect is poor, the safety mining of a mine is seriously affected, particularly, when the mine is dug in an open air pit, the operation space is narrow, the underground water often causes the digging operation space under a step to be submerged, so that the digging operation cannot be carried out, and people adopt some methods for treatment, and the conventional treatment method mainly comprises the following modes:
(1) The deep hole advance pre-drainage on the earth surface can reduce the groundwater level in advance, the method is that the earth surface construction penetrates through a main aquifer, a large-caliber hole group of a strong permeable crack or a karst zone is exposed, a deep well pump is used for pumping water to form a deep large dewatering funnel which exceeds the front or directly intercept underground water flow, so that a protected area is in a drainage state, the method is high in engineering cost and drainage cost, the earth surface drainage hole is far away from the pit bottom, the pertinence is not strong, and the drainage effect of an excavation area under a step is difficult to effectively guarantee.
(2) The horizontal drainage hole treating technology is to drill horizontal or near horizontal hole in developed step to water bearing stratum to expose water bearing stratum and lower water bearing stratum level.
(3) The seepage intercepting and draining technology is that drainage ditch is constructed on developed step and the drainage ditch is used to expose aquifer and lower aquifer water level. A method for rapidly sinking and trenching a large-water-inflow open-pit mine by an infiltration intercepting trench treatment technology, as disclosed in China patent CN111852553A, is characterized in that a mine area is divided into an area with large water inflow and an area with small water inflow according to hydrogeological conditions of a mine site, an advanced drainage pond is arranged in the area with large water inflow, a three-layer layered advanced drainage pond is formed by tunneling, an access trench is arranged in the area with small water inflow, and three sections of access trenches and subsequent trenching, slope expanding and excavator access steps are formed by tunneling. The mode actually adopts a pit bottom step type water collecting pit scheme, so that trenching work with small water inflow at the pit bottom can be promoted, but the problem of integral water control during downward digging of steps cannot be solved.
Therefore, the problem of underground water treatment during the downward excavation of the steps at present can not be effectively solved on the basis of reasonable cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large water open pit step downward digging method, which aims to solve the problem of treatment of underground water during step downward digging on the basis of lower cost and ensure that the step downward digging can be smoothly carried out.
The invention relates to a large water open pit step downward digging method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) An indirect top plate of the open pit is a aquifer, the top plate is a mudstone water-resisting layer, and an ore body is a weak aquifer;
(2) Constructing a shallow hole blast hole group on the step on the ore body of the aquifer, and forming a temporary step after blasting the shallow hole blast hole group;
(3) Dividing the temporary step in the step (2) into a temporary water sump area and a platform area;
(4) Laying deep hole blast hole groups in the temporary water sump area in the step (3); arranging different shot hole groups in the platform area, wherein the shot hole depths of the different shot hole groups are arranged according to the rule that the depth is gradually deepened from the direction close to the mudstone water-resisting layer to the direction far away from the mudstone water-resisting layer;
(5) Blasting the deep hole blast hole group in the step (4) to form a water intercepting and draining pool, wherein the mudstone water-resisting layer in the step (1) is used as a water-resisting retaining wall of the water intercepting and draining pool; blasting the difference blast hole group in the step (4) to form a intercepting drain and a slope platform, wherein the intercepting drain pool, the intercepting drain and the slope platform are communicated to form a pit bottom advanced intercepting system together, so that the underground water flows to the intercepting drain pool;
(6) Pumping and draining the underground water in the drainage pool, reducing the water level of the underground water, and digging the ore body down to the pit bottom platform.
Further, the pit bottom platform can be provided with multiple stages, when the ore body is excavated to the first-stage pit bottom platform, the water-resisting retaining wall above the first-stage pit bottom platform is broken, then the steps (1) to (6) are repeated, and the ore body is excavated to the second pit bottom platform, so that the ore body can reach the preset any-stage pit bottom platform.
The hole depth of the shallow-hole blast hole group is controlled to be above the underground water line. Preferably, the depth of the shallow blast hole group is controlled to be 50cm above the groundwater level. The aperture diameter of the shallow-hole blast hole group is 110 mm-150 mm, the hole pitch is 6-8 m, and the row pitch is 5-6 m.
Further, the length of the temporary water sump area is 25-35 m, and the width of the temporary water sump area is 10-15 m.
The diameter of the deep hole blast hole group is 110 mm-150 mm, the hole distance is 6-8 m, the row distance is 5-6 m, and the hole depth is controlled at 15-20 m.
The hole depths of the difference gun hole groups are set from shallow to deep according to the range of 10-15 m.
According to the invention, the deep and shallow hole combined blasting is adopted on the upper wall of the ore body, and the advanced cutting system is formed at the bottom of the step, so that the underground water level of the planned excavation area can be efficiently and accurately dredged in advance, the massive inflow of underground water is avoided, the operation condition of the excavation area is improved, the operation cost is reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved; the method can thoroughly solve the problem of water trouble in digging under the open pit of the large water.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of a shallow hole excavation scheme.
Fig. 2 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view taken along linebase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a deep and shallow hole combined tunneling scheme.
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic plan view of the lead water interception system.
Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken along line E-E of fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a plan view of the step-down scheme of the ore body.
Fig. 10 is a sectional view taken along line F-F of fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a sectional view taken along line G-G of fig. 9.
Reference numerals: the system comprises an indirect top plate 1, a top plate 2, an ore body 3, a groundwater level line 4, an upper plate step 5, a shallow hole shot hole group 6, a temporary step 7, a deep hole shot hole group 8, a temporary water sump area 9, a platform area 10, a difference shot hole group 11, a water intercepting and draining pool 12, a water intercepting ditch 13, a slope platform 14, a pit bottom platform 15 and a water draining system 16.
Detailed Description
Some, but not all embodiments of the inventions are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Under the condition that the conventional open pit is dug downwards below an underground water line 4, the open pit is influenced by underground water filling, and under the condition that the conventional method cannot be used for digging downwards, the method adopted by the inventor is to form a temporary platform 7 on a wall step 5 on an ore body by arranging a shallow hole blast hole group 6 and blasting, and divide a temporary water sump area 9 and a platform area 10 on the platform; deep hole blast hole groups 8 are distributed in the temporary water sump area 9; arranging a difference shot hole group 11 in the platform area 10, wherein the shot hole depth of the difference shot hole group is arranged according to a rule that the depth is gradually deepened from the direction close to the mudstone water-resisting layer to the direction far away from the mudstone water-resisting layer; blasting the deep hole blast hole group to form a water interception and drainage pool 12, wherein the mudstone water-stop layer is used as a water-stop wall of the water interception and drainage pool; blasting the difference blast hole group to form a catch basin 13 and a slope platform 14, and connecting the catch basin 12, the catch basin 13 and the slope platform 14 to form a pit bottom advanced water-intercepting system; and pumping and draining the underground water in the pit bottom advanced water interception system through a drainage system 16, controlling the underground water level, and downwards digging an ore body to a pit bottom platform. Under the concept of this invention, there are many specific embodiments:
embodiment one, referring to fig. 1 to 8,
the indirect roof 1 of a pit for open pit mining is a aquifer, the roof 2 is a mudstone water barrier, the ore body 3 is a weak water-bearing layer, and the indirect roof 1 is the main water filling source of the pit. When the open pit is excavated below an underground water level line 4 in a step, the method can be adopted under the influence of underground water filling under the condition that the conventional method cannot excavate the pit, and the method comprises the following specific steps: .
(1) Shallow blast hole groups 6 are constructed on the disk step 5 on the ore body, the aperture diameter of each shallow blast hole is phi 138mm, the hole distance is 6m, the row distance is 5m, the hole depth is controlled to be more than 4 cm of the underground water line, and a temporary step 7 is formed after the shallow blast hole groups 6 are exploded.
(2) And a temporary water sump area 9 and a platform area 10 are divided on the temporary step 7, and the length of the temporary water sump area 9 is 25, and the width of the temporary water sump area is 10.
(3) Arranging a deep hole blast hole group 8 in the temporary water sump area, wherein the diameter of each blast hole of the deep hole blast hole group is 138mm, the hole pitch is 6m, the row pitch is 5m, and the hole depth is controlled to be 15m;
(4) A differential shot hole group 11 is arranged in the platform region 10, and the hole depth of the differential shot hole group is set from shallow to deep according to the range of 10 m. As can be seen from the figure 5, the shallow holes are close to the mudstone water-resisting layer, and the hole depth gradually deepens towards the direction far away from the mudstone water-resisting layer;
(5) Blasting the deep hole blast hole group to form a water interception and drainage pool 12, and taking a mudstone water-stop layer as a water-stop wall of the water interception and drainage pool to prevent underground water from entering an ore body;
(6) Forming a catch basin 13 and a slope platform 14 by blasting difference blast hole groups, wherein the catch basin and the slope platform are communicated with the water intercepting and draining pool 12 formed in the step (5) to form a pit bottom advanced water intercepting system together, so that underground water flows to the water intercepting and draining pool;
(7) The groundwater flush is drained by a drainage system 16 such as a pontoon pump, the groundwater level 4 is lowered, and then the ore body is mined until the ore body is dug down to a designed pit bottom platform 15.
Example two, referring to fig. 1 to 8,
an indirect roof 1 of a pit for open mining of a certain pit is a aquifer, a roof 2 is a mudstone water barrier, an ore body 3 is a weak aquifer layer, and the indirect roof 1 is a main water filling source of the pit. When the open pit is excavated below an underground water level line 4 in a step, the method can be adopted under the influence of underground water filling under the condition that the conventional method cannot excavate the pit, and the method comprises the following specific steps: .
(1) Shallow hole blast hole groups 6 are constructed on the step 5 on the ore body, the aperture diameter of each shallow hole blast hole is phi 138mm, the hole distance is 7m, the row distance is 6m, the hole depth is controlled to be more than 50cm above the underground water line 4, and the temporary step 7 is formed after the shallow hole blast hole groups 6 are exploded.
(2) And a temporary water sump area 9 and a platform area 10 are divided on the temporary step 7, and the length of the temporary water sump area 9 is 30m, and the width of the temporary water sump area is 12m.
(3) Deep hole blast hole groups are distributed in the temporary water sump area, the diameter of each blast hole of each deep hole blast hole group is 138mm, the hole pitch is 7m, the row pitch is 6m, and the hole depth is controlled to be 18m;
(4) A differential shot hole group 11 is arranged in the platform area 10, and the hole depth of the differential shot hole group is set from shallow to deep according to the range of 12m. As can be seen from fig. 5, the shallow hole is close to the mudstone water barrier, and the hole depth gradually deepens towards the direction far away from the mudstone water barrier;
(5) Blasting the deep hole blast hole group to form a water interception and drainage pool 12, and taking a mudstone water-stop layer as a water-stop wall of the water interception and drainage pool to prevent underground water from entering an ore body;
(6) Forming a catch basin 13 and a slope platform 14 by blasting difference blast hole groups, wherein the catch basin and the slope platform are communicated with the water intercepting and draining pool formed in the step (5) to form a pit bottom advanced water intercepting system together, so that underground water flows to the water intercepting and draining pool;
(7) The groundwater flush is drained by a drainage system 16 such as a pontoon pump, the groundwater level 4 is lowered, and then the ore body is mined until the ore body is dug down to a designed pit bottom platform.
Example three, referring to figures 1 to 8,
the indirect roof 1 of a pit for open pit mining is a aquifer, the roof 2 is a mudstone water barrier, the ore body 3 is a weak water-bearing layer, and the indirect roof 1 is the main water filling source of the pit. When the open pit is excavated below an underground water level line 4 in a step, the method can be adopted under the influence of underground water filling under the condition that the conventional method cannot excavate the pit, and the method comprises the following specific steps: .
(1) Shallow hole blast hole groups 6 are constructed on the step 5 on the ore body, the aperture diameter of each shallow hole blast hole is phi 138mm, the hole distance is 8m, the row distance is 6m, the hole depth is controlled to be more than 50cm above the underground water line 4, and the temporary step 7 is formed after the shallow hole blast hole groups 6 are exploded.
(2) And a temporary water sump area 9 and a platform area 10 are divided on the temporary step 7, and the length of the temporary water sump area 9 is 35m, and the width of the temporary water sump area is 15m.
(3) Deep hole blast hole groups are distributed in the temporary water sump area, the diameter of each blast hole of each deep hole blast hole group is 138mm, the hole distance is 8m, the row distance is 6m, and the hole depth is controlled to be 20m;
(4) And arranging differential shot hole groups in the platform area, wherein the hole depths of the differential shot hole groups are set from shallow to deep according to the range of 15m. As can be seen from fig. 5, the shallow hole is close to the mudstone water barrier, and the hole depth gradually deepens towards the direction far away from the mudstone water barrier;
(5) Blasting the deep hole blast hole group to form a water interception and drainage pool 12, and taking a mudstone water-stop layer as a water-stop wall of the water interception and drainage pool to prevent underground water from entering an ore body;
(6) Forming a catch basin 13 and a slope platform 14 by blasting difference blast hole groups, wherein the catch basin and the slope platform are communicated with the water intercepting and draining pool formed in the step (5) to form a pit bottom advanced water intercepting system together, so that underground water flows to the water intercepting and draining pool;
(7) The groundwater flush is drained by a drainage system 16 such as a pontoon pump, the groundwater level is lowered 4, and then the ore body is mined until the ore body is dug down to a designed pit bottom platform 15.
Example four:
on the basis of the above embodiment, if the excavation is to be continued, two or more stages of pit bottom platforms can be preset. According to the implementation steps of the embodiment, when the ore body is excavated to the first-stage pit bottom platform, the water-resisting retaining wall above the first-stage pit bottom platform is broken, underground gushing water in the water intercepting and draining pool is placed into the pit bottom platform, and then all the steps of the embodiment are repeated, and the ore body is excavated to the second pit bottom platform. Therefore, the ore body can reach a preset platform at the bottom of any level of pit. The specific implementation steps are as follows:
(1) Presetting a pit bottom platform according to two or more stages;
(2) Constructing a shallow hole blast hole group 6 on the ore body upper disc step 5, forming a temporary step 7 after the shallow hole blast hole group is blasted, controlling the hole depth of the shallow hole blast hole group to be 50cm above an underground water line 4, dividing a temporary water sump area 9 and a platform area 10 on the temporary step, wherein the length of the temporary water sump area is 25-35 m, and the width of the temporary water sump area is 10-15 m;
(3) Arranging a deep hole and cannon hole group 8 in the temporary water sump area, wherein the diameter of each cannon hole of the deep hole and cannon hole group is 138mm, the hole distance is 6-8 m, the row distance is 5-6 m, and the hole depth is controlled to be 15-20 m;
(4) Arranging a difference shot hole group 11 in the platform area 10, wherein the hole depth of each hole of the difference shot hole group is within the range of 10-15 m, and the holes of the difference shot hole group are arranged from shallow to deep gradually in the direction from the position close to the mudstone water barrier to the position far away from the mudstone water barrier;
(5) Blasting the deep hole blast hole group to form a water interception and drainage pool 12, and taking a mudstone water-stop layer as a water-stop wall of the water interception and drainage pool to prevent underground water from entering an ore body;
(6) The blasting difference blast hole group 11 forms a catch basin 13 and a slope platform 14, the catch basin is communicated with a water intercepting and draining pool of the slope platform to form a pit bottom advanced water intercepting system together, so that underground water flows to the water intercepting and draining pool;
(7) Draining the groundwater gushing water by using a drainage system 16 such as a pontoon pump and the like, reducing the groundwater level 4, and then mining ore bodies until the ore bodies are dug to a first-stage designed pit bottom platform;
(8) And (3) breaking the water-resisting retaining wall above the first-stage pit bottom platform, putting the underground gushing water in the water-resisting and draining pool 12 into the first-stage pit bottom platform, moving a water draining system such as a pontoon pump into the pit bottom, repeating the steps (2) to (7), and digging an ore body down to the second-stage designed pit bottom platform. Therefore, the ore body can be continuously dug to the preset pit bottom platform.
The embodiment shows that the method can thoroughly solve the problem of water excavation under the large water open pit, and has low implementation difficulty and low cost.
Claims (8)
1. A method for digging down steps of a large water open pit comprises the following steps:
(1) An indirect top plate of the open pit is a aquifer, the top plate is a mudstone water-resisting layer, and an ore body is a weak aquifer;
(2) Constructing a shallow hole blast hole group on the step of the upper disk of the ore body of the aquifer, and forming a temporary step after blasting the shallow hole blast hole group;
(3) Dividing the temporary step in the step (2) into a temporary water sump area and a platform area;
(4) Laying deep hole blast hole groups in the temporary water sump area in the step (3); arranging different shot hole groups in the platform area, wherein the shot hole depths of the different shot hole groups are arranged according to the rule that the shot holes are gradually deepened from the depth close to the mudstone water barrier to the depth far away from the mudstone water barrier;
(5) Blasting the deep hole blast hole group in the step (4) to form a water interception and drainage pool, wherein the mudstone water barrier in the step (1) is used as a water interception retaining wall of the water interception and drainage pool; blasting the difference blast hole group in the step (4) to form a intercepting drain and a slope platform, wherein the intercepting drain pool, the intercepting drain and the slope platform are communicated to form a pit bottom advanced intercepting system together, so that the underground water flows to the intercepting drain pool;
(6) Pumping and draining the underground water in the drainage pool, reducing the water level of the underground water, and digging the ore body down to the pit bottom platform.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pit bottom platform is provided with multiple stages, when the ore body is dug to the first stage pit bottom platform, the water-proof retaining wall above the first stage pit bottom platform is broken, and then the steps (1) to (6) are repeated, and the ore body is dug to the second pit bottom platform, so that the ore body can reach any preset stage of pit bottom platform.
3. The method for excavating steps in a large water surface pit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the depth of the shallow blast holes is controlled to be above the ground water level.
4. The method for excavating steps in a large-water open pit according to claim 3, wherein the depth of the shallow blast holes is controlled to be 50cm above the groundwater level.
5. The large water open pit step downward excavation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aperture diameter of each hole of the shallow hole blast hole group is 110mm to 150mm, the pitch of the holes is 6 to 8m, and the row pitch is 5 to 6m.
6. The large water open pit step downward excavation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the temporary sump area is 25 to 35m, and the width is 10 to 15m.
7. The method for excavating the steps of the large water open pit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of each hole of the deep hole blast hole group in the step (4) is 138mm, the pitch of the holes is 6-8 m, the row pitch is 5-6 m, and the depth of the hole is controlled to be 15-20 m.
8. The method for excavating steps in a large water open pit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the hole depth of the differential shot hole group in the step (4) is set from shallow to deep in the range of 10-15 m.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211208994.7A CN115522929A (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Large water open pit step downward digging method |
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| CN202211208994.7A CN115522929A (en) | 2022-09-30 | 2022-09-30 | Large water open pit step downward digging method |
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