CN115522875A - Contrarotating turbine drilling tool - Google Patents
Contrarotating turbine drilling tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115522875A CN115522875A CN202211377207.1A CN202211377207A CN115522875A CN 115522875 A CN115522875 A CN 115522875A CN 202211377207 A CN202211377207 A CN 202211377207A CN 115522875 A CN115522875 A CN 115522875A
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- central shaft
- shaft
- turbines
- pilot
- turbine
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/28—Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a counter-rotating turbine drilling tool used in oil-gas and geological drilling engineering, which consists of an upper connector, a middle shafting assembly, a central shafting assembly, a shell, a lower pressing short section, a pilot bit and a reaming bit. The intermediate shaft turbines in the intermediate shaft system assembly and the central shaft turbines in the central shaft system assembly are alternately arranged along the axial direction, the blade installation directions of the two turbines are opposite, and the two turbines rotate in opposite directions under the driving of power liquid. The central shaft turbine drives the pilot bit to break rock to form a pilot with a smaller diameter, three-dimensional stress of a pilot surrounding rock stratum is released, cracks are formed in surrounding rocks, and the strength of the pilot surrounding rock is reduced. The intermediate shaft turbine drives the reaming bit to break rock and break the pilot hole surrounding rock to form the well hole with the required size. Compared with the traditional rock breaking method, the method has the advantages of small required power, short tool length and high drilling speed, and is suitable for directional drilling and drilling of deep difficult-to-drill stratums.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a counter-rotating turbine drilling tool used in oil-gas and geological drilling engineering, belonging to the field of oil-gas and geological drilling equipment.
Background
In modern oil and gas and geological drilling engineering, the rotary drill bit impacts, extrudes, scrapes, grinds and the like stratum rocks, so that the stress of the drill bit acting on the rocks is greater than the strength limit of the rocks, and the rocks are crushed. The crushing strength of the rock is related to the surrounding rock stress of the rock, and the crushing strength of the rock in a three-dimensional surrounding rock pressure state is typically greater than that of the rock exposed on the ground surface and not subjected to the surrounding rock stress state.
The pilot hole is drilled first, and then the hole is expanded to drill the shaft with the designed diameter, so that the drilling process has better drilling speed. During construction, a drill bit with a small size is driven by small power, a small hole is drilled in a stratum, and the hole wall is formed, so that the stress of surrounding rock around the hole wall is released, and the defects of cracks and the like are caused in the surrounding rock of the hole wall, and the crushing strength of the surrounding rock around the hole wall is reduced. When the reaming bit is adopted for drilling, the drilling difficulty is reduced, and the drillability is greatly improved. The pilot bit is small in size, and the resistance to rock during drilling is smaller than that of a large-size drill bit, so that the drilling speed is high. The drilling speed of the pilot surrounding rock with lower breaking strength of the reaming bit can also be improved. The existing reaming drilling process is divided into two drilling processes and a reaming-while-drilling process. When the two-trip drilling process is adopted, a pilot hole drilling tool combination is firstly put in to drill a pilot hole, then the drilling is carried out, and then the reaming drilling tool combination is used for reaming the hole to the required hole diameter. In the existing reaming-while-drilling process, the distance between a pilot bit and a reaming bit is long, so that the risks of collapse and necking of the open hole wall of a pilot section exist during actual construction, and the pilot bit and the reaming bit are driven to have the same movement rotating speed, so that the pilot bit and the reaming bit are not favorable for playing the roles of the pilot bit and the reaming bit respectively; and if when the tool is driven by a concentric drill rod, the tool combination structure is complex, and the accident risk is increased. Therefore, some improvement to the above problems is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a counter-rotating turbine drilling tool to improve the drilling speed and reduce the drilling cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a counter-rotating type turbine drilling tool which comprises an upper connector, a middle shaft system assembly, a central shaft system assembly, a shell, a lower pressing short section, a pilot bit and a reaming bit. The middle shafting assembly consists of a middle shaft radial bearing, a middle shaft thrust bearing, an outer fastening nut, a middle shaft, an inner fastening screw, a middle shaft turbine and a middle shaft conversion joint. After power fluid enters the intermediate shaft turbine, the power fluid is accelerated and steered in the intermediate shaft turbine blade cascade and forms lifting force on the blade cascade, so that the intermediate shaft turbine is pushed to rotate, and torque is generated. The intermediate shaft turbine is arranged in an inner cavity of the intermediate shaft and fixedly connected with the intermediate shaft into a whole, the intermediate shaft turbine drives the intermediate shaft to rotate together when rotating, and power is transmitted to the reaming bit through the intermediate shaft conversion joint. The intermediate shaft radial bearing is used for bearing radial load generated by the intermediate shaft during operation, so that the intermediate shaft does not generate eccentricity during rotation. The intermediate shaft thrust bearing is used for bearing the axial load generated by the intermediate shaft during operation and transmitting the load to the shell.
The central shaft system assembly consists of a central shaft gland nut, a central shaft radial bearing, a central shaft turbine, a central shaft thrust bearing and a central shaft adapter. After the power liquid flowing out of the intermediate shaft turbine enters the central shaft turbine at a certain speed, the power liquid is accelerated and turned in the blade cascade of the central shaft turbine and generates lift force for the blade cascade, so that the central shaft turbine is pushed to rotate, and torque is generated. The central shaft penetrates through an inner hole of the central shaft turbine and is fixedly connected into a whole, when the central shaft turbine rotates, the central shaft is also driven to rotate, and power is transmitted to the pilot bit through a central shaft adapter at the lower end of the central shaft. The central shaft radial bearing is used to bear radial load on the central shaft so that the central shaft is not eccentric when rotating. The central shaft thrust bearing is used for bearing axial load on the central shaft and transmitting the load to the intermediate shaft.
Furthermore, the intermediate shaft turbine and the central shaft turbine both belong to axial flow type turbines and are arranged alternately along the axial direction, the blade mounting directions are opposite, and the intermediate shaft turbine is located at the upstream position of the central shaft turbine. The power fluid firstly enters the intermediate shaft turbine, then enters the central shaft turbine in a certain direction and speed, and then enters the next-stage intermediate shaft turbine after acceleration and guidance are finished in the central shaft turbine, and the processes are sequentially repeated to finish the conversion of fluid energy into mechanical energy. The blade installation direction of the intermediate shaft turbine is opposite to that of the central shaft turbine, and during operation, the intermediate shaft turbine and the central shaft turbine rotate in opposite directions to form counter-rotation. The central shaft turbine drives the pilot bit to drill, the intermediate shaft turbine drives the reaming bit to drill, and the number of the two turbines is set according to the drilling power requirement.
Furthermore, the central shaft system assembly is arranged in the middle shaft system assembly, circumferential positioning is realized through the central shaft radial bearing and the central shaft thrust bearing, axial positioning is realized through the inner fastening screw and the middle shaft adapter, and load is transmitted to the middle shaft. The middle shafting assembly is arranged in the shell, circumferential positioning is realized through a middle shaft radial bearing and a middle shaft thrust bearing, axial positioning is realized through an upper joint and a lower compression short section, and load is transmitted to the shell.
Furthermore, the radial bearing of the central shaft is provided with a power fluid overflowing flow passage to ensure that the power fluid can smoothly pass through, and the radial bearing of the intermediate shaft is not provided with a flow passage to avoid the leakage of the power fluid from a gap between the intermediate shaft and the shell.
Furthermore, the pilot bit and the reaming bit have a specific distance in the axial direction to ensure the release space of the stress of the surrounding rock, so that the drilling and crushing rate of the pilot bit is the same as that of the reaming bit, and the open hole section between the pilot bit and the reaming bit is prevented from collapsing. In addition, a gap with specific length and width is arranged between the inner hole of the reaming bit and the central shaft conversion short section, so that most of drilling fluid entering the reaming bit from the central shaft can flow out of a water hole of the reaming bit.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the pilot drill is adopted to drill first to form the pilot, so that the three-dimensional stress state of the rock crushed by the reaming drill is relieved, the defects of cracks and the like are made in the rock, the strength of the rock crushed by the reaming drill is reduced, and the rock crushing efficiency is improved; 2. the pilot bit has small size, the required power is small when the pilot bit works, the load is small, the rock breaking power of the reaming bit is reduced due to the change of the stress state of surrounding rock, and the load is also reduced, namely, the power of the whole tool is reduced and the load is small when the pilot bit drills, so that the number of two turbines in the tool can be reduced, the length of the tool is shortened, and the service life of the tool is prolonged due to the reduction of the load; 3. the pilot drilling and the reaming drilling are carried out simultaneously, so that the complex drilling process of drilling the pilot before reaming is simplified, the occurrence of underground accidents is reduced, and the drilling operation efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a counter-rotating turbo drill according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the cascade of intermediate and central turbines of FIG. 1;
in the figure: 1. the novel pilot drill comprises an upper joint, 2. An outer fastening nut, 3. An inner fastening screw, 4. A central shaft compression nut, 5. An intermediate shaft radial bearing, 6. A central shaft radial bearing, 7. An intermediate shaft, 8. An intermediate shaft thrust bearing, 9. A central shaft, 10. An intermediate shaft turbine, 11. A central shaft turbine, 12. A central shaft radial bearing, 13. A shell, 14. An intermediate shaft radial bearing, 15. A central shaft thrust bearing, 16. A lower compression short section, 17. An intermediate shaft conversion joint, 18. An reaming bit, 19. A central shaft conversion joint and 20. A pilot bit.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the counter-rotating type turbine drilling tool comprises an upper connector 1, a middle shaft system assembly, a center shaft system assembly, a shell 13, a lower pressing short section 16, a pilot bit 20 and a reaming bit 18. The middle shafting assembly consists of middle shaft radial bearings (5 and 14), a middle shaft thrust bearing 8, an outer fastening nut 2, a middle shaft 7, an inner fastening screw 3, a middle shaft turbine 10 and a middle shaft conversion joint 17. The intermediate shaft turbine 10 is arranged in the inner cavity of the intermediate shaft 7 through clearance fit, and the intermediate shaft turbine 10 is pressed on the intermediate shaft 7 through the intermediate shaft conversion joint 17 and the inner fastening screw 3, so that the intermediate shaft turbine 10 and the intermediate shaft 7 are fixedly connected into a whole. When the middle shaft turbine 10 works, the middle shaft 7 is driven to rotate together when the middle shaft turbine rotates, and the middle shaft conversion joint 17 drives the reaming bit 18 to break rock. The intermediate shaft radial bearings (5, 14) are used to take up the radial loads generated by the intermediate shaft 7 during operation, so that the intermediate shaft does not become eccentric during rotation. The intermediate shaft thrust bearing 8 is used for bearing the axial load generated by the intermediate shaft 7 during operation and transmitting the load to the housing 13.
As shown in FIG. 1, the center shafting assembly is composed of a center shaft compression nut 4, center shaft radial bearings (6, 12), a center shaft turbine 11, a center shaft 9, a center shaft thrust bearing 15 and a center shaft adapter 19. The central shaft turbine 11 is fitted around the central shaft 9 with a clearance fit and is pressed against the central shaft 9 by the central shaft pressing nut 4. In operation, the central shaft turbine 11 drives the central shaft 9 to rotate and drives the pilot drill bit 20 connected to the central shaft adapter 19 to rotate and break rock. The central shaft radial bearings (6, 12) are used to take radial loads on the central shaft 9 so that the central shaft 9 is not eccentric when rotating. The central shaft thrust bearing 15 is used for bearing the axial load on the central shaft 9 and transmitting the load to the intermediate shaft 7.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the intermediate shaft turbines 10 and the central shaft turbine 11 are axial flow turbines, and are arranged alternately in the axial direction, and the intermediate shaft turbines 10 and the central shaft turbine 11 have blades installed in opposite directions, and the intermediate shaft turbines 10 are located at upstream positions of the central shaft turbine 11. The blade installation directions of the intermediate shaft turbine 10 and the central shaft turbine 11 are opposite, during work, the rotating directions of the intermediate shaft turbine 10 and the central shaft turbine 11 are opposite, the central shaft turbine 11 drives the pilot bit 20 to drill, the intermediate shaft turbine 10 drives the reaming bit 18 to drill, and the number of the two turbines is set according to the drilling power requirement. Because the pilot bit 20 drills the pilot in the stratum first, so that the stress of the pilot surrounding rock is released, defects are formed in the surrounding rock, the strength of the stratum rock is weakened, and meanwhile, the pilot formed by the pilot bit 20 is smaller than the area of the whole well hole, so that the drilling rate of the pilot is higher than the drilling rate of the whole well hole. The objects to be crushed by the reaming bit 18 are all surrounding rocks of the pilot hole, so that the rock crushing efficiency of the reaming bit 18 is improved. This therefore increases the rate of drilling of the tool as a whole.
As shown in figure 1, the radial bearings (6, 12) of the central shaft are provided with power fluid flow channels to ensure that power fluid can smoothly pass through and flow downstream. While the intermediate shaft radial bearings (5, 14) are not provided with flow channels to avoid leakage of the power fluid from the gap between the intermediate shaft 7 and the housing 13.
As shown in fig. 1, the pilot bit 20 and the reamer 18 are axially spaced apart by a certain distance to ensure a space for releasing the stress of the surrounding rock, so that the drilling rate of the pilot bit 20 is the same as that of the reamer 18, and the open hole section between the pilot bit 20 and the reamer 18 is not collapsed. In addition, a gap of a certain length and width is provided between the inner bore of the reamer 18 and the central shaft transition sub 19 to ensure that the majority of the drilling fluid entering the reamer 18 from the central shaft 9 flows out of the port of the reamer 18.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a counter-rotating turbine drilling tool, by upper portion joint (1), middle shafting assembly, center shafting assembly, casing (13), lower part compress tightly nipple joint (16), pilot drill bit (20), reaming drill bit (18) and constitute its characterized in that: the middle shafting assembly consists of middle shaft radial bearings (5 and 14), a middle shaft thrust bearing (8), an outer fastening nut (2), a middle shaft (7), an inner fastening screw (3), a middle shaft turbine (10) and a middle shaft conversion joint (17); the central shaft system assembly consists of a central shaft compression nut (4), central shaft radial bearings (6, 12), a central shaft turbine (11), a central shaft (9), a central shaft thrust bearing (15) and a central shaft adapter (19); the intermediate shaft turbines (10) and the central shaft turbines (11) are alternately arranged along the axial direction, the intermediate shaft turbines (10) are arranged on the upstream of the central shaft turbines (11), the installation directions of blades of the intermediate shaft turbines (10) and blades of the central shaft turbines (11) are opposite, and the rotation directions of the intermediate shaft turbines (10) and the central shaft turbines (11) are opposite during operation.
2. A counter-rotating turbo drill according to claim 1, wherein: the central shaft turbine (11) drives the pilot bit (20) to break rock, the intermediate shaft turbine (10) drives the reaming bit (18) to break rock, and the pilot bit (20) and the reaming bit (18) have a specific distance in the axial direction.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211377207.1A CN115522875B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Contrarotating turbine drilling tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211377207.1A CN115522875B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Contrarotating turbine drilling tool |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115522875A true CN115522875A (en) | 2022-12-27 |
| CN115522875B CN115522875B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211377207.1A Active CN115522875B (en) | 2022-11-04 | 2022-11-04 | Contrarotating turbine drilling tool |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115522875B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU840271A1 (en) * | 1970-11-20 | 1981-06-23 | Всесоюзный Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Научно-Исследовательскийинститут Буровой Техники | Borehole expansion device |
| CN103388453A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-13 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Double rotation speed method and device for controlling reaming-while-drilling bit pressure distribution relation |
| CN105221068A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-01-06 | 西南石油大学 | Percussion is utilized to improve the New Type of PDC Bit of heart portion efficiency of breaking rock |
| CN107386960A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-24 | 四川深远石油钻井工具股份有限公司 | A kind of drilling speed device with composite drill bit |
| CN207048680U (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-02-27 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Reaming while drilling drill bit |
| CN110080726A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-08-02 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of pressure-controlled direct current injector of exploitation of gas hydrates bimetallic tube shaft |
| CN110159185A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-23 | 西安航空职业技术学院 | A kind of hydraulic rotary drill-following reamer |
| CN213205552U (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2021-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Rotary self-advancing spray head |
-
2022
- 2022-11-04 CN CN202211377207.1A patent/CN115522875B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU840271A1 (en) * | 1970-11-20 | 1981-06-23 | Всесоюзный Ордена Трудового Красногознамени Научно-Исследовательскийинститут Буровой Техники | Borehole expansion device |
| CN103388453A (en) * | 2012-05-10 | 2013-11-13 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Double rotation speed method and device for controlling reaming-while-drilling bit pressure distribution relation |
| CN105221068A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-01-06 | 西南石油大学 | Percussion is utilized to improve the New Type of PDC Bit of heart portion efficiency of breaking rock |
| CN207048680U (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-02-27 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Reaming while drilling drill bit |
| CN107386960A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-11-24 | 四川深远石油钻井工具股份有限公司 | A kind of drilling speed device with composite drill bit |
| CN110080726A (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2019-08-02 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of pressure-controlled direct current injector of exploitation of gas hydrates bimetallic tube shaft |
| CN110159185A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-23 | 西安航空职业技术学院 | A kind of hydraulic rotary drill-following reamer |
| CN213205552U (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2021-05-14 | 西南石油大学 | Rotary self-advancing spray head |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 郑锋辉等: "国内外新兴钻井技术发展现状", 《石油钻探技术》 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN115522875B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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