CN115521213B - 具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C211/56—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings the carbon skeleton being further substituted by halogen atoms or by nitro or nitroso groups
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- C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
- C07C209/10—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings or from amines having nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07C229/44—Compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of at least one six-membered aromatic ring and carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the same carbon skeleton with carboxyl groups linked to the six-membered aromatic ring, or to the condensed ring system containing that ring, by unsaturated carbon chains
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- C07C255/42—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton containing at least one six-membered aromatic ring the carbon skeleton being further substituted by singly-bound nitrogen atoms, not being further bound to other hetero atoms
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- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物及其制备方法和应用,通过在分子结构中引入电子供体和受体基团,调控分子的HOMO‑LUMO能级,获得了具有不同发射颜色以及高亮度的聚集诱导发光化合物。该类化合物具有较大的斯托克斯位移、强双光子吸收、良好的生物相容性以及优异的光稳定性。此类聚集诱导发光化合物可以特异性成像脂滴。另外,此类化合物在光照条件下可以有效的产生活性氧,使其可以用于双光子激发的细胞器靶向光动力治疗。再者,具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物有效克服了传统荧光染料聚集导致荧光猝灭的缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物成像与细胞器靶向光动力治疗领域,具体涉及具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
作为现代医学的重要辅助手段,光学生物成像因其分辨率高、安全性好(无辐射污染)、成像信息丰富而备受青睐。人们利用光学生物成像获取丰富的信息,有助于研究许多生物学机制,诊疗相应疾病等。荧光生物材料作为荧光材料的重要分支之一,由于其无创性和灵敏度高等优点,在生物可视化、临床诊断和疾病治疗方面发挥了极其重要的作用。
相对于传统的临床影像学检查方法(例如计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和超声波成像),荧光成像具有灵敏度高、低成本、简单易行、对生物体无电离辐射等优点。荧光成像依赖于荧光探针的使用。对于传统的荧光材料,在生理环境中容易发生聚集导致荧光猝灭(aggregation-induced quenching,ACQ)效应,极大限制了荧光染料在荧光成像中的应用。在2001年唐本忠院士发现了聚集诱导发光(aggregation-induced emission,AIE)材料,同时经过证明聚集诱导发光材料具有很好的荧光成像能力,很好的解决了传统的ACQ问题。目前许多基于四苯基乙烯、六苯基噻咯、四苯基吡嗪和二苯乙烯基蒽等经典母体结构的AIE荧光分子被陆续报道,发展新型AIE母体结构及其衍生物对于丰富AIE材料体系具有重要意义。近年来,荧光成像在实时监测体内重要生物分子、追踪细胞内多种生理过程以及成像介导的治疗等方面展示了广阔的应用空间。此外,光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy,PDT)作为一种重要的癌症治疗手段,因本身具有许多独特的优势而备受关注。由于光动力治疗的可控性和非侵入性,它与传统的癌症治疗方法相比副作用较小。其中,高效的光敏剂是实现光动力治疗的关键;与传统光敏剂相比,具有聚集诱导发光(AIE)特征的光敏剂表现出较高的荧光强度、光稳定性以及活性氧产生效率。然而,现有的具有聚集诱导发光特征的分子也存在一些固有缺陷,如分子骨架结构单一、Stocks位移小和非特异性靶向等,因此,开发若干具有荧光可调、激发波长长、摩尔吸收系数大和活性氧(ROS)产生效率高的AIE分子具有重要实用意义,但仍具挑战。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物及其制备方法和应用,所述化合物可以作为强双光子吸收的全光谱发射的聚集诱导荧光材料。
在本发明的一个方面,本发明提出了具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物。根据本发明的实施例,所述化合物的结构式如下:
其中,R为电子受体,所述R的结构式为 中的任一种。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物具有从可见光区到近红外光区的荧光发射。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物具有强双光子吸收性质,所述强双光子吸收的聚集诱导荧光材料可用于生物成像。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提出了具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的制备方法。根据本发明的实施例,包括以下步骤:
(1)由化合物A和二苯胺通过Buchwald-Hartwig反应得到化合物B,反应式如下:
(2)化合物B与不同的电子受体R通过Wittig或Knoevenagel缩合反应生成所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,反应式如下:
其中,R为电子受体,所述R由的一种取代基组成。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提出了具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的制备方法。根据本发明的实施例,包括以下步骤:
化合物A与电子受体R通过Wittig反应得到化合物C,化合物C和二苯胺通过Buchwald-Hartwig反应生成所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,反应式如下:
其中,R为电子受体,所述R由取代基组成。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提出了所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用。根据本发明的实施例,所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物用于特异性成像细胞中的脂滴,具有高亮度、高光稳定性和高对比度等优势。
在本发明的另一方面,本发明提出了所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用。根据本发明的实施例,所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物在光照条件下能有效产生活性氧。
另外,根据本发明上述实施例的所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用,还可以具有如下附加的技术特征:
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物在可见光照射下可以有效地产生活性氧用于光动力杀伤癌症细胞。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述可见光的光源为3W的白炽灯,所述癌细胞为A549细胞。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明合成了若干所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,其可以作为聚集诱导发光材料,通过引入电子供体(D)和受体(A)取代基,对HOMO-LUMO能级进行简单的改变,达到调节发射波长的效果,从而实现了该类分子在蓝光到近红外(NIR)区域发射和聚集诱导发光之间的完美平衡,使其在生物荧光成像得到广泛应用;
(2)本发明合成的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物表现出聚集诱导发光性质,固体荧光波长从478nm到764nm,最高固体荧光量子产率高达99%;
(3)本发明合成的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物表现出强双光子吸收的特性;
(4)本发明合成的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物表现出优异的特异性靶向脂滴的特性;
(5)本发明合成的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物表现出高效产生活性氧的特性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中的化合物B的核磁共振氢谱;
图2为本发明实施例1中的化合物B的核磁共振碳谱;
图3为本发明实施例1中的化合物B的高分辨质谱;
图4为本发明实施例2中的化合物DBAb的核磁共振氢谱;
图5为本发明实施例2中的化合物DBAb的核磁共振碳谱;
图6为本发明实施例2中的化合物DBAb的高分辨质谱;
图7为本发明实施例3中的化合物DBAg的核磁共振氢谱;
图8为本发明实施例3中的化合物DBAg的核磁共振碳谱;
图9为本发明实施例3中的化合物DBAg的高分辨质谱;
图10为本发明实施例4中的化合物DBAy的核磁共振氢谱;
图11为本发明实施例4中的化合物DBAy的核磁共振碳谱;
图12为本发明实施例4中的化合物DBAy的高分辨质谱;
图13为本发明实施例5中的化合物DBAo的核磁共振氢谱;
图14为本发明实施例5中的化合物DBAo的核磁共振碳谱;
图15为本发明实施例5中的化合物DBAo的高分辨质谱;
图16为本发明实施例6中的化合物DBAr的核磁共振氢谱;
图17为本发明实施例6中的化合物DBAr的核磁共振碳谱;
图18为本发明实施例6中的化合物DBAr的高分辨质谱;
图19为本发明实施例7中的化合物DBAp的核磁共振氢谱;
图20为本发明实施例7中的化合物DBAp的核磁共振碳谱;
图21为本发明实施例7中的化合物DBAp的高分辨质谱;
图22为本发明实施例8中的化合物(A)DBAb、(B)DBAg、(C)DBAy、(D)DBAo、(E)DBAr和(F)DBAp在丙酮中的吸收光谱图;
图23为本发明实施例8中的化合物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp的HOMO和LUMO能级图;
图24中,(A)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy和DBAo的聚集体双光子吸收截面图,(B)为本发明实施例8中Z扫描法测得DBAy、DBAr和DBAp的聚集体双光子吸收截面图;
图25中,(A)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAr的聚集诱导发光曲线图,(B)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp的荧光强度(I/I0)与水含量关系图,(C)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp的聚集体的荧光光谱,(D)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp的固体荧光光谱;
图26为本发明实施例8中化合物(A)DBAb、(B)DBAg、(C)DBAy、(D)DBAo、(E)DBAr和(F)DBAp固体荧光寿命曲线;
图27中,(A)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb的DLS粒径分布图,(B)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAg的DLS粒径分布图,(C)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAy的DLS粒径分布图,(D)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAo的DLS粒径分布图,(E)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAr的DLS粒径分布图,(F)为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAp的DLS粒径分布图;
图28为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb的单晶结构图;
图29为本发明实施例8中化合物DBAb的晶体堆积图;
图30为本发明实施例9中,在DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp存在下,DCFH-DA的荧光强度随着白光照射时间的变化图,浓度:10×10-6M(AIEgens)和5×10-6M(DCFH-DA);
图31为本发明实施例9中化合物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp的细胞毒性图;
图32为本发明实施例9中化合物DBAy和DBAo分别与BODIPY 665/676荧光染料对A549细胞的共染成像,其中,A1为DBAy的共聚焦荧光成像图,A2为DBAo的共聚焦荧光成像,B1为BODIPY 665/676荧光成像图,B2为BODIPY 665/676荧光成像图,C1为A1和B1的合并图,C2为A2和B2的合并图;
图33为本发明实施例9中不同浓度的化合物DBAg、DBAo和DBAp用于A549细胞的光动力杀伤图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
化合物B的合成,包括以下步骤:
将2,5-二溴对苯二甲醛(2)(0.148g,0.51mmol)、二苯胺(0.846g,5.0mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.024g,0.038mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二异丙氧基联苯(0.07g,0.15mmol)和磷酸钾(1.063g,5.0mmol)溶于甲苯(5mL)中并通氮气保护。加热升温至115℃下反应24小时后冷却至室温。粗产物进一步经过柱层析色谱(二氯甲烷:石油醚的体积比为1:2)分离得到产物B(0.09g,38%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物B的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ10.12(s,2H),7.60(s,2H),7.29-7.26(m,8H),7.05(d,J=7.7Hz,12H),如图1。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ189.62,148.32,146.50,136.40,129.82,129.05,123.53,123.12,如图2。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C32H24N2O2468.56;测得的分子量为469.19,如图3。
实施例2
化合物DBAb的合成,包括以下步骤:
将甲基三苯基溴化膦(0.34g,0.94mmol)和叔丁醇钾(0.17g,1.48mmol)加入到25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入7mL四氢呋喃并在冰浴条件下搅拌五分钟,将化合物B(0.2g,0.427mmol)加入并在室温下反应过夜,粗产物进一步经过柱层析色谱(正己烷)分离得到产物DBAb(0.067g,33%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物DBAb的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.39(s,2H),7.24(t,J=7.9Hz,8H),7.04(d,J=7.9Hz,8H),6.95(t,J=7.3Hz,4H),6.72(dd,J=17.6,11.1Hz,2H),5.47(d,J=17.6Hz,2H),5.02(d,J=11.1Hz,2H),如图4。13CNMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ147.66,142.34,137.13,132.15,129.15,128.19,121.71,115.53,如图5。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C34H28N2464.523;测得的分子量为465.23,如图6。
实施例3
化合物DBAg的合成,包括以下步骤:
将活化的分子筛(0.88g)加入到Bu4NF(1M,1.1mL,1.1mmol)的THF溶液中,室温氮气下搅拌过夜。冰浴条件下逐滴滴加化合物A(0.08g,0.274mmol)和2,2,2-三氟乙基二苯基氧化膦(0.31g,1.1mmol)的四氢呋喃(4.6mL)混合液,室温反应10小时。在烧瓶中加入0.12g硅胶并继续搅拌15分钟。抽滤除去分子筛/>和硅胶,滤渣用乙醚和二氯甲烷冲洗,用去离子水(20mL×3)和乙酸乙酯(20mL×4)萃取,收集的有机层用饱和NaCl溶液洗涤,加入无水MgSO4除去水分,减压浓缩。粗产物加入10mL氯仿和4.4mg I2,在室温下用紫外灯照射搅拌36小时。粗产物减压浓缩,进一步经过柱层析色谱(乙酸乙酯:正己烷=1:20)分离得到无色的中间产物(E,E)-1,4-二溴-2,5-二(3,3,3-三氟丙-1-烯基)苯(64mg,56%)。将(E,E)-1,4-二溴-2,5-二(3,3,3-三氟丙-1-烯基)苯(64mg,0.142mmol)、二苯胺(0.243g,1.42mmol)、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯(0.011g,0.0108mmol)、2-双环己基膦-2',6'-二异丙氧基联苯(0.02g,0.043mmol)和磷酸钾(0.30g,1.42mmol)溶于甲苯(3mL)中并通氮气保护。加热升温至115℃下反应24小时后冷却至室温。粗产物进一步经过柱层析色谱(石油醚)分离得到产物DBAg(40mg,45%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物DBAg的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.31(s,2H),7.29-7.26(m,6H),7.25(s,2H),7.15(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),7.03-6.99(m,12H),5.84(dd,J=16.2,6.4Hz,2H),如图7。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ147.40,143.73,134.23,133.30,129.44,128.69,122.72,122.39,117.97,117.74,如图8。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C36H26F6N2600.20;测得的分子量为600.53,如图9。
实施例4
化合物DBAy的合成,包括以下步骤:
将化合物B(0.05g,0.11mmol)和异丙胺(0.06g,0.92mmol)溶于甲醇(3mL)中。室温反应24小时,生成黄色沉淀化合物,经过抽滤、甲醇洗涤和干燥得到产物DBAy(0.0411g,70%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物DBAy的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ8.27(s,2H),7.68(s,2H),7.23(t,J=7.8Hz,8H),7.05(d,J=7.9Hz,8H),6.95(t,J=7.3Hz,4H),3.13(dt,J=12.5,6.3Hz,2H),0.89(d,J=6.3Hz,12H),如图10。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ155.75,147.91,144.14,136.56,129.24,128.37,122.36,122.08,61.54,23.58,如图11。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C38H38N4550.31;测得的分子量为551.3,如图12。
实施例5
化合物DBAo的合成,包括以下步骤:
将化合物B(0.12g,0.26mmol)和乙氧甲酰基亚甲基三苯基膦(0.2g,0.58mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(6mL)加热中。升温至60℃反应六小时,减压蒸馏并浓缩,粗产物进一步经过柱层析色谱(二氯甲烷/正己烷=1:1)分离得到产物DBAo(79mg,51%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物DBAo的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.69(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),7.41(s,2H),7.26(s,2H),7.26-7.23(m,6H),7.03-6.96(m,12H),6.06(d,J=16.0Hz,2H),4.07(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),1.18(t,J=7.1Hz,6H),如图13。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ166.24,147.66,144.11,139.66,135.44,129.36,129.04,122.51,122.43,120.22,60.35,14.14,如图14。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C40H36N2O4608.27;测得的分子量为609.27,如图15。
实施例6
化合物DBAr的合成,包括以下步骤:
将化合物B(0.02g,0.0427mmol)和氰乙酸乙酯(0.03g,0.22mmol)溶于乙醇(3mL)中,滴加NaOH的乙醇溶液(1M,1滴),室温反应二十四小时。生成紫红色沉淀化合物,经过抽滤、乙醇洗涤和干燥得到产物DBAr(0.025g,89%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物DBAr的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1HNMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ8.22(s,2H),7.65(s,2H),7.27(dd,J=8.4,7.5Hz,8H),7.04(dd,J=14.5,7.5Hz,12H),4.16(q,J=7.1Hz,4H),1.23(t,J=7.1Hz,6H),如图16。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ161.23,152.13,147.59,144.24,132.20,129.67,128.30,123.63,123.59,113.90,106.42,62.43,13.99,如图17。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C42H34N4O4658.26;测得的分子量为659.26,如图18。
实施例7
化合物DBAp的合成,包括以下步骤:
将化合物B(0.12g,0.26mmol)和丙二腈(0.037g,0.564mmol)溶于乙醇(5mL)中,滴加NaOH的乙醇溶液(1M,3滴),室温反应二十四小时。生成紫黑色沉淀化合物,经过抽滤、乙醇洗涤和干燥得到产物DBAp(0.112g,76%)。其化学反应式如下:
对化合物DBAp的化学结构进行表征,得到表征数据:1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ7.79(s,2H),7.49(s,2H),7.33(t,J=7.8Hz,8H),7.13(t,J=7.4Hz,4H),7.03(d,J=8.0Hz,8H),如图19。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ157.06,147.25,143.87,131.08,130.09,127.59,124.53,123.80,112.26,110.88,86.20,如图20。HRMS:m/z计算的分子量为[M]+C38H24N6564.21;测得的分子量为564.20,如图21。
实施例8
对实施例2-7制备得到的产物DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp进行光物理性质表征:
如图22,首先对目标化合物的光物理性质进行了研究。DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp在丙酮中的最大吸收波长分别为380,420,414,450,528和555nm,这主要归因于该类分子的分子内电荷转移(ICT)效应。通过吸收光谱的比较,可以得出结论,这些化合物中电子受体的吸电子能力为DBAb<DBAy<DBAg<DBAo<DBAr<DBAp。理论计算结果也显示这六种化合物中存在显著的ICT效应(图23)。
鉴于六种化合物具有不同强度的推拉电子结构,通过双光子激发荧光(TPEF)方法和Z-扫描方法对化合物的双光子性质进行了研究。如图24,六种化合物的双光子吸收光谱显示,六种化合物在700-960nm范围内均具有优异的双光子吸收性质,最大双光子吸收截面值分别为811(DBAb)、1208(DBAg)、3965(DBAy)、2801(DBAo)、2081(DBAr)和13800(DBAp)GM。这一结果显示,对于具有同样给电子基团的六种化合物,吸电子基团的吸电子能力的增强可以显著增强化合物的双光子吸收性质。值得注意的是,它们的双光子吸收截面值比现有技术中的类似化合物具有较大程度的提高。
如图25所示,对化合物的聚集诱导发光(AIE)行为进行了研究。在纯有机溶剂丙酮中,六种化合物表现出较弱的荧光,随着体系中水含量的增加,六种化合物的荧光强度先呈现出下降的趋势,这主要是因为随着水含量的增加,溶液中溶剂的极性增强,由于分子的TICT效应,荧光强度逐渐降低。进一步增加水含量,六种化合物均形成聚集体,化合物的荧光显著增强。这一结果证实这六种化合物均具有典型的聚集诱导荧光性质,克服了传统染料在水中弱发光或者不发光的猝灭现象。DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp的聚集体的荧光发射波长分别为470、551、615、598、686和776nm。鉴于它们优异的AIE性质,六种化合物在固体状态下表现出优异的固体荧光性质,固体发射波长分别为476、513、577、630、686和762nm。固体荧光量子产率分别为99%、24%、42%、15%、17%和3%,时间分辨荧光测试表明六种化合物的荧光寿命在2.84-12.12纳秒范围内(图26-图27)。
表1实施例2-7所得化合物的固体荧光量子产率、丙酮溶液中荧光量子产率、聚集体荧光量子产率和固体荧光寿命表
如图27所示,通过动态光散射(DLS)测试对在混合溶液中形成的聚集体的尺寸进行了测试,DBAb、DBAg、DBAy、DBAo、DBAr和DBAp所形成的聚集体的尺寸分别为50、59、79、68、68和51nm。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对聚集体的形貌进行了观察,结果显示DBAp所形成的聚集体为球状聚集体,尺寸大小跟DLS测试相吻合。
如图28所示,为了进一步探究化合物的结构和性质间的构效关系,得到了DBAb的单晶结构。晶体结构显示,二苯胺扭曲结构的存在可以有效地减少分子间的π-π相互作用,促进分子的AIE特性(图29)。在晶体堆积结构中,多种弱作用力限定了分子的构象并且限制了分子内的转动,这可以有效地减少分子在固态下的非辐射衰变,使得分子在固体状态下发出高亮度荧光。
实施例9
生物应用和细胞器靶向光动力治疗
鉴于实施例2-7所合成化合物具有优异的AIE性质、强双光子吸收性质和大的斯托克斯位移,使其在生物成像方面具有潜在应用。在白光灯照射下,六种化合物均可以有效地产生活性氧,其中,DBAp产生活性氧的能力最好(图30)。首先对六种化合物的细胞毒性进行研究,发现六种化合物在测试范围内均具有可以忽略的细胞毒性(图31)。
在细胞成像实验中,如图32所示,AIE化合物DBAy和DBAo可以特异性成像脂滴(lipid droplet)。这主要是由于亲脂性的AIE材料可以选择性地富集于脂滴,与BODIPY665/676荧光染料相比,具有高亮度和高对比度等优势。
如图33所示,细胞存活率分析(MTT assay)显示,在3W白光照射下,DBAp能够快速杀死A549癌细胞。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
由化合物A和二苯胺通过Buchwald-Hartwig反应得到化合物B,反应式如下:
然后利用化合物B与不同的电子受体R通过Wittig或Knoevenagel缩合反应生成所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,反应式如下:
其中,R为电子受体,所述R的结构式为中的任一种;
或者化合物A与不同的电子受体R通过Wittig反应得到化合物C,化合物C和二苯胺通过Buchwald-Hartwig反应生成所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,反应式如下:
其中,R为电子受体,所述R的结构式为
2.一种根据权利要求1所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的制备方法制备得到的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,其特征在于:所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物具有从可见光区到近红外光区的荧光发射。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物,其特征在于:所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物具有强双光子吸收性质。
5.一种根据权利要求2所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用,其特征在于:所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物用于制备特异性成像细胞中的脂滴探针。
6.一种根据权利要求2所述的具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用,其特征在于:所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物用于制备可见光照射下有效地产生活性氧的试剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用,其特征在于:所述具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物用于制备可见光照射下有效地产生活性氧用于光动力杀伤癌症细胞的试剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种具有聚集诱导发光性质的化合物的应用,其特征在于:所述可见光的光源为3W的白炽灯,所述癌细胞为A549细胞。
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