CN115520360B - Multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for deep submergence vehicle and operation method - Google Patents
Multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for deep submergence vehicle and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115520360B CN115520360B CN202211354000.2A CN202211354000A CN115520360B CN 115520360 B CN115520360 B CN 115520360B CN 202211354000 A CN202211354000 A CN 202211354000A CN 115520360 B CN115520360 B CN 115520360B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C11/00—Equipment for dwelling or working underwater; Means for searching for underwater objects
- B63C11/52—Tools specially adapted for working underwater, not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
- B63B3/13—Hulls built to withstand hydrostatic pressure when fully submerged, e.g. submarine hulls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- B63G8/00—Underwater vessels, e.g. submarines; Equipment specially adapted therefor
- B63G8/001—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations
- B63G2008/002—Underwater vessels adapted for special purposes, e.g. unmanned underwater vessels; Equipment specially adapted therefor, e.g. docking stations unmanned
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Abstract
The application relates to a multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle and an operation method, wherein the multifunctional auxiliary submergence device comprises a submergence vehicle body and a sitting bottom shell assembly which are mutually matched and installed, and the submergence vehicle body has the following structure: the hydraulic pressure cabin comprises a hydraulic gel film arranged on the outer surface of the hydraulic pressure cabin, wherein an optical cable extends out of the top of the hydraulic pressure cabin and is connected with a buoy outside after passing through the hydraulic gel film; the structure of the bottom shell component is as follows: including being the cylindrical shell of loudspeaker form, the cylindrical shell of hollow thin wall cylinder structure is installed in the top cooperation of the bottom shell of sitting, the centre of cylindrical shell sets up the runner be provided with the withstand voltage cabin of pasting the hydrogel membrane in the runner, the spacer ring is installed through last guide bar support to the internal face of the cylindrical shell that is located withstand voltage cabin top, and the internal face of the cylindrical shell that is located withstand voltage cabin below supports through lower guide bar and installs down the spacer ring, the optical cable passes the outside to the cylindrical shell behind the spacer ring center, convenient operation, safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of deep sea equipment, in particular to a multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle and an operation method.
Background
In the in-situ detection of a deep sea hot liquid area, an unmanned submersible (hereinafter referred to as a submersible) needs to submerge under no power to lean against the detection of the hot liquid area, and the unmanned submersible can automatically float upwards to be recovered after a task is completed. In order to achieve the above functions, the submersible vehicle needs to have the following functions:
1) Falls into a high-temperature water area to automatically float. During the submergence process of thousands of meters, the submergence track is variable and may fall into the hot liquid central zone of the 'black chimney'. The high-temperature seawater in the hot liquid area can damage the submersible vehicle, so that the submersible vehicle needs to be automatically perceived and floated upwards for avoiding;
2) The pressure-resistant cabin keeps warm, avoids the excessive change of temperature in the cabin. In the submerging process, in order to provide a proper temperature environment for the biological culture dish in the pressure-resistant cabin, heat in the pressure-resistant cabin needs to dissipate heat to seawater, so that overheating or supercooling is avoided. During submergence, the temperature of the sea water, the ocean current velocity and the heating value of the equipment in the cabin are all changed. In addition, the submergence speed of the submergence device is larger or smaller than the conventional submergence speed under different loads. All the above factors affect the cabin temperature and require automatic compensation of the submersible vehicle.
3) And the speed is reduced before sitting on the bottom. To reduce the submergence time and the underwater drift distance, the submersible requires high-speed submergence. Thus, there is a need for automatic deceleration near the deep sea floor to reduce the sitting impact force.
4) And (5) sitting on the bottom for buffering. The impact of the sitting bottom is weakened, and the impact reduction protection is needed in the sitting bottom process.
5) Active and passive off-bottom requirements. After the task is completed, the submersible vehicle needs to have a simple throwing and loading off-bottom mode. In addition, in order to cope with accidents such as failure, sinking of the bottom of the submersible vehicle, the submersible vehicle needs to have a passive off-bottom function so as to provide a safety margin.
In order to achieve the above functions, a plurality of systems such as sensors (including temperature and speed), control, load rejection, vibration absorption and energy sources are required in the conventional design scheme. Thereby causing problems of high manufacturing cost, high complexity and low reliability. Therefore, a compact, simple, low cost solution is urgently sought.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the inventor provides a multifunctional auxiliary submergence device and an operation method for a deep submergence vehicle, thereby realizing multiple functional requirements, simplifying a mechanism, facilitating mass production and providing a novel auxiliary device and method for a plurality of links such as submergence, bottoming, unseating, heat preservation and the like of the detection type submerged vehicle.
The technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
a multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle comprises a submergence vehicle body and a sitting bottom shell assembly which are mutually matched and installed,
the structure of the submersible vehicle body is as follows: the hydraulic pressure cabin comprises a hydraulic gel film arranged on the outer surface of the hydraulic pressure cabin, wherein an optical cable extends out of the top of the hydraulic pressure cabin and is connected with a buoy outside after passing through the hydraulic gel film;
the structure of the bottom-sitting shell component is as follows: including being the cylindrical shell of loudspeaker form, the cylindrical shell of hollow thin wall cylinder structure is installed in the top cooperation of the bottom shell of sitting, the centre of cylindrical shell sets up the runner be provided with the withstand voltage cabin of pasting the hydrogel membrane in the runner, the spacer ring is installed through last guide bar support to the internal face of the cylindrical shell that is located withstand voltage cabin top, and the internal face of the cylindrical shell that is located withstand voltage cabin below is installed down the spacer ring through lower guide bar support, the optical cable passes behind the spacer ring center to the outside of cylindrical shell.
The further technical scheme is as follows:
the hydrogel film adopts temperature-sensitive hydrogel.
The hydrogel film is adhered to the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin through waterproof glue.
The buoy is positive buoyancy, and the pressure-resistant cabin is negative buoyancy.
The pressure-resistant cabin is of a ball head cylindrical structure, and the underwater center of gravity of the pressure-resistant cabin is arranged below and above the floating center.
The diameter of the central hole of the upper limiting ring, the outer diameter of the pressure-resistant cabin and the diameter of the central hole of the lower limiting ring decrease from large to small.
The upper limiting ring, the pressure-resistant cabin and the lower limiting ring are positioned at the same central line.
The upper guide rod and the lower guide rod are obliquely arranged.
The bottom-sitting shell component is underwater negative buoyancy.
An operation method of a multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle comprises the following operation steps:
s1: preparation:
detecting the depth of a submerged sea area and the temperature of sea water by a mother ship, and determining the thickness of the hydrogel film 2 by combining the characteristic that the thickness of the hydrogel changes along with the temperature;
uniformly sticking a hydrogel film on the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin;
the pressure-resistant cabin with the hydrogel film is hung through the upper limiting ring and enters the cylindrical shell, and under the action of gravity, the pressure-resistant cabin is seated on the lower limiting ring;
spraying the seawater on the suction surface onto the hydrogel film for cooling, so that the temperature of the hydrogel film is the same as that of the seawater, and after cooling, the hydrogel film absorbs water to expand, so that the pressure-resistant cabin with the hydrogel film cannot pass through the upper limiting ring;
the submersible is thrown down from the mother ship and is submerged under the action of self negative buoyancy;
s2: in the submerging process, the functions of automatic temperature and speed regulation can be realized due to the functions of the hydrogel film;
s3: the bottoming process reduces the impact:
as the submergence depth increases, the temperature of the seawater is gradually reduced, the hydrogel film is gradually cooled and swelled, and after exceeding the preset depth, the hydrogel film can block the flow passage in the cylindrical shell, at the moment, the submergence resistance of the submergence device is maximum, the submergence speed is minimum, and the sitting bottom impact can be weakened;
s4: long-term dwell immunity:
when the submersible vehicle stays at the bottom for a long time, ocean currents, internal waves and density cliff flows can be encountered, buoys can generate floating, sinking and drifting, optical cables can be frequently and alternately loosened and tightened, tension impact is generated, and structural fatigue is caused;
s5: the bottom separating mode is as follows:
a. the conventional pressure cabin is separated from the bottom, a control system is arranged in the pressure cabin, a heater in the pressure cabin is triggered to heat after a specific time length, so that the dehydration volume of a hydrogel film is reduced, and the pressure cabin passes through an upper limiting ring and is separated from a bottom shell to float upwards;
b. if the emergency is separated from the bottom and falls into a high-temperature black chimney carelessly in the submergence process, the external water temperature is abnormally increased, so that the rapid dehydration volume of gel is reduced, and the pressure-resistant cabin passes through the upper limiting ring and is separated from the bottom shell to float upwards;
c. when the conventional operation fails and cannot leave the bottom, the hydrogel film is gradually dissolved and broken under the corrosion of seawater only by waiting for a plurality of days or a plurality of weeks, and the pressure-resistant cabin passes through the upper limiting ring and is separated from the bottom shell to float upwards.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:
the application has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation, can conveniently provide auxiliary work for a plurality of links such as the diving, the sitting-away of the bottom, the heat preservation and the like of the detection type submersible through the mutual cooperation of the submersible body and the sitting-bottom shell assembly, realizes a plurality of functional requirements, simplifies the mechanism and is convenient for mass production.
The application utilizes the characteristics of temperature-sensitive hydrogel softness and thermal change, and has the functions of heat preservation, constant speed, limit, impact reduction, automatic bottom release and the like in the processes of submergence, bottom sitting, bottom release and emergency. The hydrogel wraps the pressure-resistant cabin, the thickness of the gel film can be automatically adjusted according to the submerging speed, the water temperature, the heat productivity in the cabin and the like in the submerging process, the heat dissipation rate and the submerging speed are adjusted, before the deep sea bottoms out, the hydrogel expands and fills the runner, the bottom-sitting speed is automatically reduced, the bottom-sitting support is a horn-shaped disc, after the runner is plugged by the hydrogel, the water power self-reaction force is provided for weakening the bottom-sitting impact during bottom sitting, the pressure-resistant cabin can move up and down in the limiting cylinder, damping is provided by utilizing the friction force and the negative pressure, and the tension impact generated by bottom sitting or buoy pulling is weakened. The device has the functions of automatically floating up after falling into a high-temperature water body near a black chimney, automatically floating up after leaving the bottom under control in a cabin, and automatically floating up after the hydrogel is dissolved.
Meanwhile, the application has the following advantages:
(1) The heat exchange capacity can be changed in the submergence process, the excessive temperature change is restrained, and the environment adaptability is improved.
(2) The submerging speed can be automatically adjusted, and particularly, the submerging speed can be greatly reduced before deep sea is seated.
(3) The impact force in the bottom sitting process is reduced.
(4) And when falling into the hot liquid area, the floating device automatically throws load and floats upwards.
(5) And after the conventional operation fails, the load can be thrown off the bottom passively.
(6) The deep sea high pressure is not feared, and the deep sea operation can be realized.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pressure resistant capsule and hydrogel film of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the submersible body of the application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the bottom shell assembly of the present application.
Wherein: 1. a pressure-resistant cabin; 2. a hydrogel film; 3. an upper limit ring; 301. an upper guide rod; 4. a lower limit ring; 401. a lower guide rod; 5. an optical cable; 6. a seat bottom shell; 7. a cylindrical shell; 8. and (5) a buoy.
Detailed Description
The following describes specific embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle of the present embodiment includes a submergence vehicle body and a bottom housing assembly mounted in cooperation with each other,
the structure of the submersible body is as follows: the hydraulic pressure cabin comprises a pressure-resistant cabin 1, wherein a hydrogel film 2 is arranged on the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin 1, an optical cable 5 extends out of the top of the pressure-resistant cabin 1, and the optical cable 5 penetrates through the hydrogel film 2 and is externally connected with a buoy 8;
the structure of the bottom shell component is as follows: including being loudspeaker form seat bottom shell 6, the cylindrical shell 7 of hollow thin wall cylinder structure is installed in the cooperation of the top of seat bottom shell 6, and the centre of cylindrical shell 7 sets up the runner, is provided with the pressure capsule 1 of pasting hydrogel membrane 2 in the runner, and the internal face of cylindrical shell 7 that is located pressure capsule 1 top is through last guide bar 301 support mounting having spacing ring 3, and the internal face of cylindrical shell 7 that is located pressure capsule 1 below is through lower guide bar 401 support mounting having lower spacing ring 4, and optical cable 5 passes behind the spacing ring 3 center to the outside of cylindrical shell 7.
The hydrogel film 2 adopts temperature sensitive hydrogel.
The hydrogel film 2 is adhered to the outer surface of the pressure-resistant capsule 1 through waterproof glue.
The buoy 8 has positive buoyancy, and the pressure-resistant cabin 1 has negative buoyancy.
The pressure-resistant cabin 1 is of a ball-head cylindrical structure, and the underwater center of gravity of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is arranged below and above the floating center.
The diameter of the central hole of the upper limiting ring 3, the outer diameter of the pressure cabin 1 and the diameter of the central hole of the lower limiting ring 4 decrease from large to small.
The upper limiting ring 3, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 and the lower limiting ring 4 are positioned at the same central line.
The upper guide bar 301 and the lower guide bar 401 are each disposed obliquely.
The bottom shell component is underwater negative buoyancy.
The operation method of the multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for the deep submergence vehicle of the embodiment comprises the following operation steps:
s1: preparation:
detecting the depth of a submerged sea area and the temperature of sea water by a mother ship, and determining the thickness of a proper hydrogel film 2 by combining the characteristic that the thickness of the hydrogel changes along with the temperature;
uniformly sticking a hydrogel film 2 on the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin 1;
the pressure-resistant cabin 1 with the hydrogel film 2 is hung through the upper limiting ring 3 and enters the cylindrical shell 7, and the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is seated on the lower limiting ring 4 under the action of gravity;
the seawater on the suction surface is sprayed onto the hydrogel film 2 to cool down so that the temperature is the same as the seawater temperature. After the temperature is reduced, the hydrogel film 2 absorbs water and expands, so that the pressure-resistant cabin with the hydrogel film cannot pass through the upper limiting ring 3;
the submersible is thrown down from the mother ship and is submerged under the action of self negative buoyancy;
s2: in the submerging process, the functions of automatic temperature and speed regulation can be realized due to the functions of the hydrogel film 2;
s3: the bottoming process reduces the impact:
as the submergence depth increases, the temperature of the seawater is gradually reduced, the hydrogel film 2 is gradually cooled and swelled, and after exceeding the preset depth, the hydrogel film 2 can block the flow passage in the cylindrical shell, at the moment, the submergence resistance of the submergence device is maximum, the submergence speed is minimum, and the sitting bottom impact can be weakened;
s4: long-term dwell immunity:
when the submersible vehicle stays at the bottom for a long time, ocean currents, internal waves and density cliff flows can be encountered, the buoy 8 can generate floating, sinking and drifting, the optical cables 5 can be frequently and alternately loosened, tension impact is generated, and structural fatigue is caused;
s5: the bottom separating mode is as follows:
a. the conventional bottom separation is realized, a control system is arranged in the pressure-resistant cabin 1, and after a specific time period, a heater in the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is triggered to heat, so that the dehydration volume of the hydrogel film 2 is reduced, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 passes through the upper limiting ring 3 and is separated from the bottom-bearing shell 6 to float upwards;
b. if the emergency is separated from the bottom and falls into a high-temperature black chimney carelessly in the submergence process, the external water temperature is abnormally increased, so that the gel rapid dehydration volume is reduced, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 passes through the upper limiting ring 3 and is separated from the bottom shell 6 to float upwards;
c. when the conventional operation fails and cannot leave the bottom, the hydrogel film 2 is gradually dissolved and broken under the corrosion of seawater only by waiting for a plurality of days or a plurality of weeks, and the pressure-resistant cabin 1 passes through the upper limiting ring 3 and is separated from the bottom shell 6 to float upwards.
The specific structure and functions of the application are as follows:
mainly comprises a submersible body and a bottom-sitting shell component, and the whole submersible body has underwater negative buoyancy so as to provide lower potential.
The submersible vehicle body consists of a buoy 8, a photoelectric cable 5, a pressure-resistant cabin 1 and a hydrogel film 2, and is of underwater positive buoyancy, wherein the buoy 8 is of positive buoyancy, and the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is of negative buoyancy.
The pressure-resistant cabin 1 is of a ball-head cylindrical structure, and is internally provided with a power supply, a controller, detection equipment, a heater and other equipment. The controller may adjust the heating value of the heater and have a gear. The gravity center of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 under water is arranged below and the floating center is arranged above, and the pressure-resistant cabin is vertically arranged in the cylindrical shell. The optical cable 5 is connected with the upper part of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 and the buoy 8 and is used for photoelectric signal transmission and tension bearing.
The bottom shell assembly consists of a horn-shaped bottom shell 6, a cylindrical shell 7, an upper limiting ring 3, a lower limiting ring 4, an upper guide rod 301 and a lower guide rod 401, and is underwater negative buoyancy. The cylindrical shell 7 has a cylindrical flow passage in the middle. The upper limit ring 3 and the lower limit ring 4 are both arranged in the cylindrical shell 7. The upper guide rod 301 and the lower guide rod 401 have a certain inclination for limiting the movement direction of the pressure-resistant chamber 1 so as to realize the shaft-aligning work with the upper limit ring 3, the lower limit ring 4 and the optical cable 5.
The temperature sensitive hydrogel film 2 is required to have high strength, high temperature response speed and low degradation rate in seawater.
The hydrogel film 2 has a thickness d which decreases upon heating and increases in water absorption upon cooling, and is characterized by a d (T) which is related to the temperature T and has a d-T profile.
The temperature sensitive hydrogel film 2 is adhered to the surface of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 through waterproof glue and has a thickness d (T).
The radius R1 of the upper limiting ring 3 is larger than the cylindrical radius R of the pressure cabin and the radius R2 of the lower limiting ring 4.
Symbol definition:
the cylindrical radius R of the pressure-resistant cabin;
the radius R1 of the upper limiting ring 3;
the radius R2 of the lower limiting ring 4;
radius r of the runner in the cylindrical shell;
in the actual working process:
(one) preparation work before submerging:
the mother ship sails to the sea area to be detected (such as a deep sea hydrothermal area), and the depth H of the sea area and the water temperature T0 of the water surface are respectively measured by using mother ship sounding and temperature measuring equipment.
The depth-temperature profile of the sea area is extrapolated from ocean history data or experience. In general, the temperature of sea water decreases gradually with increasing depth.
In order to meet the requirement that the pressure-resistant cabin 1 wrapped with the hydrogel film 2 cannot pass through the upper limiting ring 3 at the sea water temperature, the thickness d (T0) > (R1-R) of the hydrogel film 2 needs to be met.
And combining the depth H and the depth-temperature profile of the sea area, selecting a critical depth H, wherein H < H, (H-H) is required to be satisfied as a safe buffer distance.
Based on the depth-temperature profile, the sea water temperature at the critical depth h is estimated to be T1.
When the submersible is submerged to a depth h, the hydrogel film 2 needs to expand to block the flow path inside the dead cylindrical shell 7, i.e. d (T1) > (R-R).
By looking at the d-T curve of hydrogel film 2, we get the following: d (T0) > (R1-R), d (T1) > (R-R) minimum thickness d (T0). This thickness is the thickness of the selected hydrogel film 2.
The hydrogel film 2 of thickness d (T0) is chosen to be adhered to the outer surface of the pressure-resistant capsule 1 by means of a waterproof glue.
The hydrogel film 2 is sprayed with hot water or baked at high temperature and heated to promote dehydration and thinning. Until the thickness d of the hydrogel is less than the radius R of the pressure cabin and the radius R1 of the upper limit ring.
The pressure-resistant cabin 1 is hoisted through the upper limiting ring 3 and enters the cylindrical shell 7. Because the radius R of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is larger than the radius R2 of the lower limiting ring, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 cannot pass through the lower limiting ring 4. Under the action of gravity, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is seated on the lower limiting ring 4.
The pumped surface seawater is sprayed onto the hydrogel film 2 so that the hydrogel film 2 is at the same temperature as the sea surface seawater. At this time, the hydrogel thickness d+the pressure-resistant capsule radius R > the upper limit ring radius R1, and the pressure-resistant capsule 1 cannot pass through the upper limit ring 3 and is limited in the upper limit ring 3 and the lower limit ring 4.
2) Setting a base submergence speed
The pressure-resistant cabin is provided with a control system and a heater. The control system may adjust the heating value of the heater and have a gear. In the high gear, the heating value of the heater is increased, the hydrogel film outside the pressure cabin 1 is heated and dehydrated, the volume is reduced, the blockage of a flow passage is reduced, the submerging resistance is reduced, and the submerging speed is higher. In low gear, the principle is reversed, and the lower speed is submerged. The selection of the heating gear is performed before the submergence to adjust the base thickness of the hydrogel film 2 and set the base submergence speed.
The submersible is thrown down from the mother ship and is submerged under the action of self negative buoyancy.
And (II) automatic temperature and speed regulation in the submerging process:
in the submergence process, the device has the following two functions:
a, weakening the temperature change so as to facilitate the constant temperature
The device can automatically adjust the thickness of the hydrogel layer according to the temperature, and is convenient for heat preservation. The submerging speed is synchronously changed, the capability of compensating temperature change is greatly enhanced, excessive change of the temperature in the cabin is restrained, and the temperature in the cabin is convenient to be constant. The specific principle is as follows:
when the outside water temperature increases, the internal heat generation amount increases, or the submergence speed of the submergence vehicle decreases (the heat dissipation rate decreases), the temperature in the pressure-resistant cabin 1 increases. The hydrogel film 2 is heated and dehydrated, the thickness is reduced, the heat dissipation capacity is improved, and the temperature rise in the cabin is weakened. After the thickness of the hydrogel film 2 is reduced, the flow passage retardation in the cylindrical shell 7 is reduced, the submergence resistance is reduced, the submergence speed is increased, the water flow speed around the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is increased, the heat exchange capacity is improved, and the temperature rise in the cabin is further weakened.
When the outside water temperature is low, the internal heat generation amount is reduced, or the submergence speed of the submergence vehicle is increased (the heat dissipation rate is increased), the temperature in the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is lowered. The principle of inhibiting temperature change is the same as that of the hydrogel film 2, and specifically, the hydrogel film is thickened in cooling and slowed down in heat dissipation, the submergence resistance is increased, the submergence speed and the heat exchange capacity are reduced, and the cooling in the cabin is further weakened.
The small change in flow area of the hydrogel film 2 at the location of the central outflow opening above the trumpet-shaped seating bottom shell 6 can greatly influence the drag coefficient. The thickness of the hydrogel is changed, so that the flow passage area, the submergence resistance coefficient, the submergence speed, the external water flow speed of the pressure-resistant cabin are changed, the heat energy conversion capability is finally changed, and the capability of inhibiting excessive temperature change is greatly improved.
b, weakening the change of the submergence speed, so that the submergence speed is constant:
when the submersible carries different loads to dive and the density of seawater at different depths is changed, the residual negative buoyancy of the submersible is changed, so that the diving speed is increased or reduced, and the detection performance is influenced. The device can moderately compensate the change of the submergence speed, weaken the change of the submergence speed, and facilitate the constancy of the submergence speed.
After the submergence speed is increased, the flow velocity in the runner of the cylindrical shell 7 is increased, the heat exchange speed is increased, the hydrogel film 2 can be cooled and swelled by water absorption, the flow area of the runner is reduced, the submergence resistance is increased, the submergence speed is reduced, and the increase of the submergence speed is weakened.
After the submergence speed is reduced, the flow velocity in the flow channel of the cylindrical shell 7 is reduced, and the heat exchange speed is reduced. After the hydrogel film 2 has warmed up, syneresis, blockage of the flow path is reduced, submergence resistance is reduced, submergence speed is increased, and the reduction of submergence speed is reduced.
(III) impact-attenuation during bottoming:
as the depth of the sea increases, the temperature of the sea gradually decreases, and the hydrogel film 2 gradually decreases in temperature and swells. Beyond a certain depth, the hydrogel film 2 will block the flow channels within the cylindrical shell 7. At this time, the submersible vehicle has the largest submersible resistance and the smallest submersible speed, and can reduce the bottom impact.
When sitting on the bottom, the runner in the upper cylindrical shell 7 is blocked, and the water in the horn-shaped sitting bottom shell 10 can flow out to form a local high-pressure area because of the lack of water, so that hydrodynamic reaction force is formed to reduce the impact speed and reduce the impact.
After the bottom of the bottom shell assembly 10 is seated, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 can move downwards in the flow channel of the cylindrical shell 7, so that the stop time of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is prolonged, the braking acceleration is reduced, and the impact is weakened.
In the cylindrical shell pipeline, the hydrogel film 2 expands in equal proportion and can squeeze the inner wall of the pipeline, and meanwhile, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is automatically righted and limited, so that the wall collision during shaking is avoided. The hydrogel film 2 has flexibility, plays a role of buffering, and further suppresses shaking impact force.
The restriction of the hydrogel membrane 2 during a bottom impact causes the ballast tank 1 to move up and down only in the pipe. The squeezing of the hydrogel film 2 creates friction, limiting the descent of the capsule 1. In addition, after the disc sits on the bottom, a closed area is formed below the disc, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 can be submerged in the pipeline to increase the water pressure below, and a reaction force for preventing the pressure-resistant cabin 1 from being submerged is generated.
Before sitting on the bottom, the buoy 8 has a certain submerging speed, in the sitting process, the buoy 8 can be decelerated and submerge under the effect of the self positive buoyancy, finally, the buoy is turned into floating, the optical cable can be loosened and then tensioned, and the process can be repeated for several times. In this process, the device can weaken tension impact:
a. the pressure-resistant cabin 1 has negative buoyancy, and the optical cable 5 moves downwards after being loosened and moves upwards after being tensioned. Therefore, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 can move up and down, and rigid pulling is avoided;
b. during the movement of the pressure-resistant cabin 1, the hydrogel film 2 is extruded with the inner wall of the cylindrical pipe, and a friction damping force is continuously generated;
c. the periphery of the lower part behind the bottom of the horn-shaped shell is easy to be covered by sediment, the pressure-resistant cabin 1 moves up and down to change the water pressure in the cylindrical shell 7 and the horn-shaped shell, the pressure-resistant shell moves up to generate negative pressure damping force, and high pressure damping force is generated when the pressure-resistant shell moves down;
d. the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is completely wrapped by the hydrogel film 2, and can play a role in buffering and reduce impact when touching the limiting rings at the upper and lower parts.
(IV) long-term dwell immunity:
when the submersible vehicle stays at the bottom for a long time, ocean currents, internal waves, density cliff flows and the like can be encountered, the buoy 8 can generate floating, sinking and drifting, the optical cables 5 can be frequently and alternately loosened, tension impact is generated, and structural fatigue is caused. The device can weaken tension impact and continuously inhibit disturbance in long-term bottom standing. The specific principle is as follows:
a. the pressure-resistant cabin 1 can move up and down, so that rigid pulling is avoided;
b. during the movement of the pressure-resistant cabin 1, the hydrogel film 2 is extruded with the inner wall of the cylindrical pipe, and a friction damping force is continuously generated;
c. after sitting on the bottom, the periphery of the lower part of the horn-shaped shell is easily covered by silt and silt, and the cylindrical shell 7 and the water area below the horn-shaped shell form a relatively sealed area. The up-and-down movement of the pressure-resistant cabin 1 can change the internal water pressure below the pressure-resistant cabin 1 and receive hydrodynamic damping force;
d. the pressure-resistant cabin 1 is completely wrapped by the hydrogel film 2, and can play a role in buffering and reduce impact when touching the limiting rings at the upper and lower parts.
And (V) a bottom-off mode:
the bottom-off mode comprises the following steps:
a. conventionally off-bottom. The pressure-resistant chamber 1 is internally provided with a control system, and after a certain time period (related to a specific sitting task), a heater in the pressure-resistant chamber 1 is triggered to heat, so that the dehydration volume of the hydrogel film 2 is reduced.
b. And (5) emergency off-bottom. If the gel falls into a high-temperature black chimney carelessly in the submergence process, the outside water temperature is abnormally increased, so that the rapid dehydration volume of the gel is reduced.
c. And (5) passively separating from the bottom. When conventional handling fails and cannot leave the bottom, it is only necessary to wait for several days or weeks (related to the dissolution characteristics of the hydrogel film 2), the hydrogel film 2 gradually dissolves and breaks up under the attack of seawater.
In all three cases, the thickness d of the hydrogel film 2+the radius R of the pressure-resistant cabin < the radius R1 of the upper limit ring, and the submersible body 9 (including the buoy 8, the optical cable 5, the hydrogel film 2 and the pressure-resistant cabin 1) has positive buoyancy, and pulls the pressure-resistant cabin 1 to float up through the upper limit ring 3 and float off the bottom.
The hydrogel is a three-dimensional grid gel which is extremely hydrophilic and can absorb a large amount of water in water without dissolving. The temperature-sensitive hydrogel is hydrogel capable of following temperature response, specifically, the temperature is increased, the dehydration volume of the gel is reduced, and the temperature is reduced, so that the volume of water absorption is expanded. With the development of material technology, hydrogels with high strength, rapid temperature response and low degradation rate have been successfully prepared in laboratories, and have engineering application conditions.
The above description is intended to illustrate the application and not to limit it, the scope of which is defined by the claims, and any modifications can be made within the scope of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for deep submergence ware, its characterized in that: comprises a submersible body and a bottom shell component which are mutually matched and installed,
the structure of the submersible vehicle body is as follows: the hydraulic pressure cabin comprises a pressure-resistant cabin (1), wherein a hydrogel film (2) is arranged on the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin (1), an optical cable (5) extends out of the top of the pressure-resistant cabin (1), and the optical cable (5) penetrates through the hydrogel film (2) and then is externally connected with a buoy (8);
the structure of the bottom-sitting shell component is as follows: including being loudspeaker form seat bottom shell (6), cylinder shell (7) of hollow thin wall cylinder structure are installed in the top cooperation of seat bottom shell (6), the centre of cylinder shell (7) sets up the runner be provided with pressure capsule (1) of pasting hydrogel membrane (2) in the runner, the internal face of cylinder shell (7) that are located pressure capsule (1) top is through last guide bar (301) support mounting spacing ring (3), and the internal face of cylinder shell (7) that are located pressure capsule (1) below is through lower guide bar (401) support mounting lower spacing ring (4), outside to cylinder shell (7) after optical cable (5) pass last spacing ring (3) center.
2. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrogel film (2) adopts temperature-sensitive hydrogel.
3. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrogel film (2) is adhered to the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin (1) through waterproof adhesive.
4. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the buoy (8) is positively buoyant, and the pressure-resistant cabin (1) is negatively buoyant.
5. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the pressure-resistant cabin (1) is of a ball-head cylindrical structure, and the underwater center of gravity of the pressure-resistant cabin (1) is below and above the floating center.
6. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the central hole of the upper limiting ring (3), the outer diameter of the pressure-resistant cabin (1) and the diameter of the central hole of the lower limiting ring (4) are decreased from large to small.
7. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the upper limiting ring (3), the pressure cabin (1) and the lower limiting ring (4) are positioned at the same central line.
8. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the upper guide rod (301) and the lower guide rod (401) are obliquely arranged.
9. A multi-functional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom-sitting shell component is underwater negative buoyancy.
10. A method of operating a multifunctional auxiliary submergence device for a deep submergence vehicle, comprising: the method comprises the following operation steps:
s1: preparation:
detecting the depth of a submerged sea area and the temperature of sea water by a mother ship, and determining the thickness of a hydrogel film (2) by combining the characteristic that the thickness of the hydrogel changes along with the temperature;
uniformly sticking a hydrogel film (2) on the outer surface of the pressure-resistant cabin (1);
the pressure-resistant cabin (1) with the hydrogel film (2) is hung through the upper limiting ring (3) and enters the cylindrical shell (7), and under the action of gravity, the pressure-resistant cabin (1) is seated on the lower limiting ring (4);
spraying seawater on the suction surface onto the hydrogel film (2) for cooling, so that the temperature of the hydrogel film (2) is the same as that of the seawater, and after cooling, the hydrogel film (2) absorbs water and expands, so that a pressure-resistant cabin with the hydrogel film (2) cannot pass through the upper limiting ring (3);
the submersible is thrown down from the mother ship and is submerged under the action of self negative buoyancy;
s2: in the submerging process, the functions of automatic temperature and speed regulation can be realized due to the function of the hydrogel film (2);
s3: the bottoming process reduces the impact:
as the submergence depth increases, the temperature of the seawater is gradually reduced, the hydrogel film (2) is gradually cooled and swelled, and after exceeding the preset depth, the hydrogel film (2) can block the flow passage in the cylindrical shell, at the moment, the submergence resistance of the submergence device is maximum, the submergence speed is minimum, and the sitting impact can be weakened;
s4: long-term dwell immunity:
when the submersible vehicle stays at the bottom for a long time, ocean currents, internal waves and density cliff flows can be encountered, the buoy (8) can generate floating, sinking and drifting, the optical cables (5) can be frequently and alternately loosened and loosened, tension impact is generated, and structural fatigue is caused;
s5: the bottom separating mode is as follows:
a. the conventional pressure cabin (1) is provided with a control system, after a specific time period, a heater in the pressure cabin (1) is triggered to heat, so that the dehydration volume of the hydrogel film (2) is reduced, the pressure cabin (1) passes through the upper limiting ring (3) and is separated from the seat bottom shell (6) to float upwards;
b. if the emergency is separated from the bottom and falls into a high-temperature black chimney carelessly in the submergence process, the outside water temperature is abnormally increased, so that the gel is rapidly dehydrated to reduce the volume, and the pressure-resistant cabin (1) passes through the upper limiting ring (3) and is separated from the seat bottom shell (6) to float upwards;
c. when the conventional operation fails and cannot leave the bottom, the hydrogel film (2) is gradually dissolved and broken under the corrosion of seawater only by waiting for a plurality of days or a plurality of weeks, and the pressure-resistant cabin (1) passes through the upper limiting ring (3) and is separated from the seat bottom shell (6) to float.
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| CN102826211A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2012-12-19 | 李志军 | Device for effectively controlling floating system of submarine and deep submergence vehicle and submerging-floating method |
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| US8408956B1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2013-04-02 | Irobot Corporation | Payload delivery units for pressure protecting and delivering a submerged payload and methods for using the same |
| CN102826211A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2012-12-19 | 李志军 | Device for effectively controlling floating system of submarine and deep submergence vehicle and submerging-floating method |
| CN106240773A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2016-12-21 | 赵忠生 | A kind of deep sea equipment buoyancy aid adjusting means and control method |
| CN109878668A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-06-14 | 中国船舶科学研究中心（中国船舶重工集团公司第七0二研究所） | A kind of novel spindle-shaped separate type master and slave type deep sea manned submersible |
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