CN115519226B - Forming device and method for improving precision of electron beam fuse forming part - Google Patents
Forming device and method for improving precision of electron beam fuse forming part Download PDFInfo
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- CN115519226B CN115519226B CN202211496857.8A CN202211496857A CN115519226B CN 115519226 B CN115519226 B CN 115519226B CN 202211496857 A CN202211496857 A CN 202211496857A CN 115519226 B CN115519226 B CN 115519226B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0086—Welding welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0013—Positioning or observing workpieces, e.g. with respect to the impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing electronbeams
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The invention relates to a forming device for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse forming product, which comprises a vacuum chamber, an electron gun, a deflection scanning coil and a deflection scanning control system, wherein the electron gun is arranged in the vacuum chamber; the electron gun is arranged at the top end of the vacuum chamber and used for sending an electron beam to a workpiece, the deflection scanning coil is arranged at the output end of the electron gun and used for deflecting and scanning the electron beam to form an elliptical beam spot, and the deflection scanning control system is electrically connected with the deflection scanning coil and used for changing a magnetic field generated by the deflection scanning coil in real time so as to enable the minor axis direction and the motion vector direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel. The invention also relates to a forming method for improving the precision of the electron beam fuse forming product. The forming device and the method for improving the precision of the electron beam fuse forming product aim to solve the problem of obtaining higher precision when forming a curved rib structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electron beam additive manufacturing, in particular to a forming device and method for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse forming product.
Background
The electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing technology is a direct energy deposition process for directly manufacturing required parts or blanks by melting metal wires synchronously fed in by an electron beam in a vacuum environment and stacking the metal wires layer by layer according to a pre-planned path. The electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing technology has the characteristics of high forming speed, excellent internal quality and the like, and is suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality forming of large-scale high-performance metal components.
The electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing technology is not high in precision when manufacturing large metal components, particularly when a relatively wide rib structure is formed, lapping defects are easy to generate when multiple lapping is adopted, and design parameters are needed to obtain a relatively wide single-pass fused body when single-pass forming is adopted. The existing electron beam scanning system can only obtain the scanning shape with a fixed shape, and when curve track forming is carried out, the width of a curve rib is different and the precision is not high due to the fact that the minor axis direction of an elliptical beam spot at different positions is different from the tangent direction of a curve.
Therefore, the inventor provides a forming device and a method for improving the precision of the electron beam fuse forming product.
Disclosure of Invention
(1) Technical problem to be solved
The embodiment of the invention provides a forming device and a forming method for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse forming part, and solves the technical problem of how to obtain higher precision when a curve rib structure is formed.
(2) Technical scheme
The invention provides a forming device for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse forming part, which comprises a vacuum chamber, an electron gun, a deflection scanning coil and a deflection scanning control system, wherein the electron gun is arranged in the vacuum chamber;
the electron gun is arranged at the top end of the vacuum chamber and used for sending an electron beam to a workpiece, the deflection scanning coil is arranged at the output end of the electron gun and used for deflecting and scanning the electron beam to form an elliptical beam spot, and the deflection scanning control system is electrically connected with the deflection scanning coil and used for changing a magnetic field generated by the deflection scanning coil in real time so as to enable the short axis direction and the motion vector direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel.
Further, the forming apparatus further includes a movement mechanism for placing and moving the workpiece.
Furthermore, the forming device also comprises an electron beam outlet which is arranged at the top end of the vacuum chamber and corresponds to the output end of the electron gun.
Further, the electron beam outlet is arranged at the center of the top end of the vacuum chamber.
The invention also provides a method for improving the precision of the electron beam fuse forming product based on the forming device, which comprises the following steps:
determining the direction of a real-time motion vector according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece;
controlling a deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field in real time according to the real-time motion vector direction, deflecting and scanning an electron beam emitted by an electron gun to enable the short axis direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel to the real-time motion vector direction;
completing the formation of the deposit of the workpiece.
Further, the determining the real-time motion vector direction according to the structural feature of the workpiece specifically includes the following steps:
compiling a machining program according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece;
and determining the real-time motion vector direction according to the processing program.
Further, the real-time controlling a deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field according to the real-time motion vector direction, deflecting and scanning an electron beam emitted by an electron gun to enable the short axis direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel to the real-time motion vector direction specifically comprises the following steps:
transmitting the real-time motion vector direction to a deflection scanning control system;
the deflection scanning control system controls the deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field, deflects and scans the electron beam emitted by the electron gun, and forms an elliptical beam spot;
and the deflection scanning control system changes the magnetic field in real time so that the minor axis direction of the elliptical beam spot is parallel to the real-time motion vector direction.
Further, the deflection scanning control system changes the magnetic field in real time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
calibrating an area which can be reached by an electron beam, dividing the area into a plurality of points, and defining each point;
storing the applied electric parameters of the electron beam reaching a certain point;
and determining the points which are sequentially passed by the electron beam according to the corresponding electrical parameters of each point so as to scan the points into a specified shape.
(3) Advantageous effects
In conclusion, the invention dynamically adjusts the magnetic field generated by the deflection scanning coil in real time through the deflection scanning control system, ensures that the minor axis direction of the elliptical beam spot scanned by the electron beam is always parallel to the motion vector direction, can obtain a single-channel sediment body with higher dimensional precision, and further improves the forming precision of the whole part.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a forming apparatus for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse formed article according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a forming method for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse formed article according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the division of the electron beam accessible area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of electrical parameters applied to points in sequence as an electron beam scans an ellipse according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of electrical parameters of points sequentially applied when the direction of the major axis of an electron beam scanning ellipse is changed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between an elliptical beam spot and a motion trajectory in a forming method for improving precision of an electron beam fuse formed product according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a motion mechanism; 2-a workpiece; 3-a vacuum chamber; 4-an electron gun; 5-deflection scanning coil; 6-deflection scanning control system; 7-electron beam.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", and the like refer to positions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those positions or positional relationships that are conventionally used to place the products of the present invention, or those positions or positional relationships that are conventionally understood by those skilled in the art, and are used for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not refer to or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed" and "mounted" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being fixedly attached, detachably attached, or integrally attached; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a forming apparatus for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse formed article according to an embodiment of the present invention, which may include a vacuum chamber 3, an electron gun 4, a deflection scanning coil 5 and a deflection scanning control system 6;
the electron gun 4 is arranged at the top end of the vacuum chamber 3 and used for sending an electron beam 7 to the workpiece 2, the deflection scanning coil 5 is arranged at the output end of the electron gun 4 and used for deflecting and scanning the electron beam 7 to form an elliptical beam spot, and the deflection scanning control system 6 is electrically connected with the deflection scanning coil 5 and used for changing a magnetic field generated by the deflection scanning coil 5 in real time so as to enable the short axis direction and the motion vector direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel.
In the above embodiment, the magnetic field generated by the deflection scanning coil 5 is changed in real time by the deflection scanning control system 6 so that the short axis direction of the elliptical beam spot is parallel to the motion vector direction, and thus a single-pass deposited body with high dimensional accuracy can be obtained, thereby improving the forming accuracy of the whole part.
As an alternative embodiment, the forming apparatus further comprises a movement mechanism 1 for placing and moving the workpiece 2. Wherein, as shown in fig. 1, the movement of the workpiece in the vacuum chamber 3 can be realized by the motion mechanism 1 to complete the deposition of the whole workpiece 2 by the electron gun 4.
As an alternative embodiment, the shaping device further comprises an electron beam outlet opening at the top end of the vacuum chamber 3 and corresponding to the output end of the electron gun 4. Wherein the electron gun 4 can directly deliver the electron beam 7 to the workpiece 2 via the electron beam outlet.
As an alternative embodiment, the electron beam outlet is opened at the center of the top end of the vacuum chamber 3. The specific opening position of the e-book outlet is not limited, as long as the electron beam 7 emitted by the e-book outlet can be irradiated to the upper surface of the workpiece 2. The particular arrangement at the top center position of the vacuum chamber 3 is to be able to deliver the electron beam 7 to the surface of the workpiece 2 during the movement of the workpiece 2.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for improving the precision of an e-beam fuse molded article according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method may include the following steps:
s100, determining the direction of a real-time motion vector according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece;
s200, controlling a deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field in real time according to the real-time motion vector direction, and deflecting and scanning an electron beam emitted by an electron gun to enable the short axis direction of an elliptical beam spot to be parallel to the real-time motion vector direction;
s300, finishing the forming of the deposition body of the workpiece.
In the above embodiment, the device is turned on to perform deposition, and the deflection scanning control system sends out an instruction to control the deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field to perform elliptical scanning on the electron beam, so that the minor axis direction of the ellipse is parallel to the motion vector direction of the point, and a single-pass deposited body with high dimensional accuracy can be obtained, thereby improving the forming accuracy of the whole part.
As an optional implementation manner, in step S100, determining a real-time motion vector direction according to a structural feature of the workpiece specifically includes the following steps:
s101, compiling a machining program according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece;
and S102, determining the direction of the real-time motion vector according to the processing program.
Specifically, the method for determining the motion vector direction is provided, the motion vector direction at each coordinate position is calculated according to the path information, the machining program can be automatically generated by path planning software, and the specific writing process of the machining program is not described herein.
As an alternative embodiment, in step S200, the deflection scanning coil is controlled in real time to generate a magnetic field according to the real-time motion vector direction, and the electron beam emitted by the electron gun is deflected and scanned so that the minor axis direction of the elliptical beam spot is parallel to the real-time motion vector direction, which specifically includes the following steps:
s201, transmitting the real-time motion vector direction to a deflection scanning control system;
s202, controlling a deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field by a deflection scanning control system, deflecting and scanning electron beams emitted by an electron gun, and forming an elliptical beam spot;
s203, the deflection scanning control system changes the magnetic field in real time so that the short axis direction of the elliptical beam spot is parallel to the real-time motion vector direction.
As an optional implementation manner, in step S203, the deflecting scanning control system changes the magnetic field in real time, which specifically includes the following steps:
s2031, calibrating an area which can be reached by an electron beam, dividing the area into a plurality of points, and defining each point;
s2032, storing the applied electric parameters of the electron beam reaching a certain point;
s2033, according to the electrical parameters corresponding to each point, determining the points where the electron beam sequentially passes to scan into the specified shape.
In the above embodiment, the above method is only one of the methods for changing the magnetic field in real time, and the region that can be reached by the electron beam is calibrated, as shown in fig. 3, the region can be divided into several points, and each point is defined, such as O 0；0 、O 0；1 、O 1；0 When the electron beam is scanned into a pattern with a specified shape, only the electrical parameters need to be changed to enable the electron beam to sequentially pass through the set points. The electrical parameters of the points shown in fig. 4 may be applied sequentially when the electron beam is caused to scan the ellipse, and the electrical parameters of the points shown in fig. 5 may be applied sequentially when a command for changing the direction of the major axis of the ellipse is received.
Specifically, the relationship between the elliptical beam spot and the motion trajectory of the workpiece 2 is shown in fig. 6, when the motion mechanism moves from point a to point B, the motion vector direction AB can be calculated, at this time, the deflection scanning system controls the shape of the beam spot scanned by the electron beam to be the first ellipse, when the motion mechanism moves from point B to point C, the motion vector direction BC can be calculated, at this time, the deflection scanning system controls the shape of the beam spot scanned by the electron beam to be the second ellipse, and so on, the minor axis direction of the beam spot scanned subsequently is always parallel to the motion vector direction, so as to obtain a part with higher precision.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A forming device for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse forming product is characterized by comprising a vacuum chamber (3), an electron gun (4), a deflection scanning coil (5) and a deflection scanning control system (6);
the electron gun (4) is arranged at the top end of the vacuum chamber (3) and used for sending an electron beam to a workpiece (2), the deflection scanning coil (5) is arranged at the output end of the electron gun (4) and used for deflecting and scanning the electron beam to form an elliptical beam spot, and the deflection scanning control system (6) is electrically connected with the deflection scanning coil (5) and used for changing a magnetic field generated by the deflection scanning coil (5) in real time so as to enable the short axis direction and the motion vector direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel.
2. The forming device for improving the precision of the electron beam fuse forming products according to the claim 1 is characterized by further comprising a motion mechanism (1) for placing and moving the workpiece (2).
3. The apparatus for forming an article to improve the precision of electron beam fuse forming according to claim 1, further comprising an electron beam outlet opening at the top end of said vacuum chamber (3) and corresponding to the output end of said electron gun (4).
4. A former for improving the accuracy of electron beam fuse forming articles according to claim 3 wherein said electron beam exit is opened at the center of the top of said vacuum chamber (3).
5. A method for forming an article for improving the precision of an electron beam fuse formed based on the forming device of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
determining the direction of a real-time motion vector according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece;
controlling a deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field in real time according to the real-time motion vector direction, deflecting and scanning an electron beam emitted by an electron gun to enable the short axis direction of the elliptical beam spot to be parallel to the real-time motion vector direction;
completing the formation of the deposit of the workpiece.
6. The method for forming an electron beam fuse forming device capable of improving the precision of an electron beam fuse forming product according to claim 5, wherein the step of determining the real-time motion vector direction according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece comprises the following steps:
compiling a machining program according to the structural characteristics of the workpiece;
and determining the real-time motion vector direction according to the processing program.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the real-time controlling of the deflection scanning coil to generate the magnetic field according to the real-time motion vector direction deflects and scans the electron beam emitted from the electron gun so that the minor axis direction of the elliptical beam spot is parallel to the real-time motion vector direction, comprising the following steps:
transmitting the real-time motion vector direction to a deflection scanning control system;
the deflection scanning control system controls the deflection scanning coil to generate a magnetic field, deflects and scans the electron beam emitted by the electron gun, and forms an elliptical beam spot;
and the deflection scanning control system changes the magnetic field in real time so that the minor axis direction of the elliptical beam spot is parallel to the real-time motion vector direction.
8. The method for improving the precision of electron beam fuse forming products by using the forming device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the deflection scanning control system changes the magnetic field in real time, and comprises the following steps:
calibrating a region which can be reached by an electron beam, dividing the region into a plurality of points, and defining each point;
storing the applied electric parameters of the electron beam reaching a certain point;
and determining the points which are sequentially passed by the electron beam according to the corresponding electrical parameters of each point so as to scan the points into a specified shape.
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| CN202211496857.8A CN115519226B (en) | 2022-11-28 | 2022-11-28 | Forming device and method for improving precision of electron beam fuse forming part |
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| CN116213907B (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-07-28 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Method for improving forming precision of narrow rib structure in manufacturing of electron beam fuse |
| CN117961100A (en) * | 2024-03-29 | 2024-05-03 | 西安赛隆增材技术股份有限公司 | Electron beam calibration method for metal powder processing |
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