CN115517205A - Method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish - Google Patents
Method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN115517205A CN115517205A CN202211128603.0A CN202211128603A CN115517205A CN 115517205 A CN115517205 A CN 115517205A CN 202211128603 A CN202211128603 A CN 202211128603A CN 115517205 A CN115517205 A CN 115517205A
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000243321 Cnidaria Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 28
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 7
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
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- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J ATP(4-) Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-J 0.000 description 1
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000252211 Carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 102000007982 Phosphoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010089430 Phosphoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005422 algal bloom Substances 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- 229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000018678 bone mineralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000030159 metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
A method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish comprises the following steps: preparing feeds with different phosphorus contents, and detecting the phosphorus content in the feeds; arranging a culture tank, and placing the fish in the culture tank for culture; putting each feed into each breeding tank; setting a test cylinder, calculating the volume V of water in the test cylinder, and detecting the content C of soluble phosphate in an initial water sample in the test cylinder i (ii) a Transferring the fish domesticated in the culture tank for a period of time into a test tank; detecting the content C of soluble phosphate in the water body at the end of the test time f Weighing the weight of the fish in each test jar; according to daily excretion Ex = (C) f ‑C i ) V, making a fitted curve, and calculating Ex =0 to obtain the minimum phosphorus demand of the fish in a certain growth stage. The invention calculates the minimum demand of the fish on the feed phosphorus at different growth stages by the method, on one hand, the invention can meet the reasonable demand of the fish growth, and on the other hand, the invention furthest reduces the eutrophication problem of the water body caused by the feed feeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish.
Background
Phosphorus is one of the most essential elements of aquatic animals such as fish, and is involved in the composition of tissues such as bones, teeth and scales together with calcium, and is also an important component of adenosine triphosphate, nucleic acid, phosphoprotein, lipid, cell membrane, hormone and various coenzymes. The phosphorus deficiency of fish is manifested by poor growth, poor appetite, dark fish body color, reduced body activity, poorer bone mineralization, reduced tissue mineralizer content, even deformity for a few serious people, metabolic disorder caused by phosphorus deficiency, mainly manifested by fat accumulation, increased fat content of liver and fish body, hindered protein utilization, and increased excretion of possible ammonia nitrogen in low-phosphorus feed. Because the phosphorus content in the aquaculture water is low, and the absorption capacity of the fishes to the phosphorus in the water is poor, the requirement of the body for growth and development cannot be met usually, the available phosphorus in the feed is the most main phosphorus source for the cultured fishes.
However, phosphorus is also a key factor causing eutrophication of water bodies, and the discharge of excessive phosphorus causes algal bloom, dissolved oxygen consumption and aquatic organism death of the water bodies, thereby causing water quality deterioration. Therefore, limiting the discharge of phosphorus in water is an important measure for reducing the eutrophication of water. The main reasons for the deterioration of the water quality of the aquaculture water body and the eutrophication of the water body in the adjacent water area caused by the discharge of excessive phosphorus in the aquaculture water body bring threats to the health of the water supply environment and the sustainable development of aquaculture. As a food good for human health, demand for fish is increasing and it is impractical to reduce phosphorus emissions by reducing fish production, and therefore, it is very important to reduce phosphorus emissions without reducing fish production by improving the technology. The method researches the most suitable phosphorus demand of different fishes in different stages and under different environmental conditions, meets the maximum growth requirement of the fishes, and simultaneously reduces the phosphorus emission of the feed as much as possible, which is the requirement of improving economic benefit and is the requirement of environmental protection.
The traditional research on the phosphorus demand of fish on feed generally adopts a broken line regression method, namely, after feeding fish for 8-12 weeks by using feeds with different phosphorus contents (more than 5 phosphorus levels) under the controlled condition of a laboratory (generally a recirculating aquaculture system), the growth of the fish, the phosphorus content of fish bodies, the phosphorus content of vertebrae and various biochemical indexes are measured, and then broken line regression analysis is carried out to calculate the required amount of phosphorus when the fish bodies reach the optimal growth. The method for evaluating phosphorus requirement has the following defects that 1) in order to obtain a remarkable growth effect, the experiment is generally carried out by adopting relatively small fish, and the phosphorus requirement of the relatively small fish and the phosphorus requirement of large fish are far different; 2) The phosphorus content requirement obtained under experimental conditions is likely to be only suitable for a particular environmental condition; 3) The prior art is only suitable for appointed ornamental fishes and can not test certain fishes; 4) The experimental result only considers the growth requirements of the fish and does not consider the influence of the phosphorus content of the feed on the environment. With the improvement of the requirement on the quality of the discharged water of aquaculture, the influence of the phosphorus content of the feed on the environment cannot be ignored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects involved in the conventional phosphorus demand research method, and provides a relatively simple and rapid method for measuring the daily excretion of soluble phosphate in fish so as to ensure that the requirement of fish growth on phosphorus in feed and the influence on the minimum environment are met and relatively accurate nutrition matching is realized. The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish comprises the following steps:
A. preparing feeds with different phosphorus contents, detecting the phosphorus content in the feeds, numbering each feed A i ；
B. Setting culture pots, placing the fishes of the same kind, the same growth stage, health and uniform size in the culture pots for culture, numbering B for each culture pot i ；
C. Each feed A i Corresponding to each culture tank B i Put in and breed jar B i The time period and the feeding quality of the inner feed are consistent;
D. setting testing cylinders, numbering every testing cylinder D i Calculating the volume V of water in the test cylinder, and detecting the content C of soluble phosphate in the initial water sample in the test cylinder i ；
E. Will breed jar B i Transferring the fish domesticated internally for a period of time to a test tank D i In, feed A is put in i Test cylinder D i The time period and the feeding quality of the inner feed are consistent;
F. detecting the content C of soluble phosphate in the water body at the end of the test time f Weighing the weight of the fish in each test jar;
G. according to daily excretion Ex = (C) f -C i ) V, making a fitted curve, and calculating Ex =0 to obtain the minimum phosphorus demand of the fish in a certain growth stage.
In order to improve the accuracy of the test, 3-30 fishes are arranged in each culture tank.
In order to make the cultured fish grow more stably and improve the accuracy of the test, the fish in each culture tank is cultured for more than 2 weeks.
In order to enable the cultured fish to grow more stably and improve the accuracy of the test, corallite physical filtration and biological brush biological filtration are adopted in each culture tank.
In order to make the cultured fish grow more stably and improve the accuracy of the test, each culture tank is provided with an aeration head, and the culture water dissolved oxygen of each culture tank is controlled to be more than 5 mg/L.
In order to make the cultured fish grow more stably and improve the accuracy of the test, each culture tank shares one circulating water culture system.
Further, the feed contains sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method can test different fish in different growth stages, and the minimum required amount of the fish for the feed phosphorus in different growth stages is calculated by the method, so that the reasonable requirement of the fish for growth can be met, and the eutrophication problem of the water body caused by feeding the feed is reduced to the maximum extent.
2. The fish domesticating time of the invention can be tested for more than 2 weeks, and the experimental time can be reduced compared with the prior art which needs 8-12 weeks.
3. The invention can test fish of different species, has wide application range, and can be matched with feeds with different phosphorus contents according to the growth stages of the fish, so that the influence of the phosphorus discharge of the fish in each growth stage on the water quality is reduced to the minimum.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between phosphorus excretion and phosphorus content in feed according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following embodiments can be obtained from conventional commercial sources or can be obtained by existing known methods, unless otherwise specified.
A method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish comprises the following steps:
firstly, 5 concentration gradients are set from low phosphorus to high phosphorus in the feed according to the demand range of available phosphorus for fish, on the basis of ensuring the consistency of other nutrient components, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate with different contents and higher fish utilization rate is added to prepare feeds with different phosphorus levels, the phosphorus content of the 5 gradient feeds is detected, and each feed is numbered as A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5. The invention adopts a molybdenum yellow colorimetric method to determine the content of total phosphorus in the feed.
Then randomly dividing the fishes of the same kind, the same growth stage, health and uniform size into 5 experimental groups and putting the experimental groups into culture tanks, wherein each experimental group is provided with 3 groups of contrast experiments, so that 15 experiments need to be provided with 15 culture tanks, each culture tank is numbered, and the number of the culture tank in the first experimental group is B 1-1 、B 1-2 、 B 1-3 The number of the culture tank in the second experimental group is B 2-1 、B 2-2 、B 2-3 And the number of the culture tank in the third experimental group is B 3-1 、B 3-2 、B 3-3 Culture tank in the fourth experimental groupNumber B 4-1 、B 4-2 、B 4-3 The number of the culture tank in the fifth experimental group is B 5-1 、B 5-2 、B 5-3 Each culture tank contains 3-30 fishes, and when the fish individual is large, the number of experimental fishes can be reduced; if the fish individuals are small and the number of the fish individuals is large, further, in order to improve the detection accuracy, the fish in each tank should be controlled to be uniform in size, in the same growth stage and consistent in number, in order to reduce the growth difference of the fish, coral stone physical filtration and biological brush biological filtration are adopted in each culture tank, each culture tank is provided with an inflation head, the culture water dissolved oxygen of each culture tank is controlled to be more than 5mg/L, all the culture tanks adopt a circulating water culture system, and the culture time is more than 2 weeks.
Putting each kind of feed into each breeding cylinder correspondingly, and respectively putting the feed with the A1 number into the breeding cylinder B 1-1 And a breeding vat B 1-2 And a breeding vat B 1-3 In the middle, the fodder with A2 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 2-1 And a culture tank B 2-2 And a breeding vat B 2-3 In the middle, the fodder with A3 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 3-1 And a breeding vat B 3-2 And a breeding vat B 3-3 In the method, feeds numbered by A4 are respectively put into a breeding tank B 4-1 And a breeding vat B 4-2 And a breeding vat B 4-3 In the middle, the fodder with A5 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 5-1 And a breeding vat B 5-2 And a breeding vat B 5-3 The feeding time period and the feeding quality of each feed in the culture tank are consistent, the feeding time period of the feed is three times a day, the feeding time interval is 8 hours each time, and the feeding quality of each time is 0.5-1% of the initial quality of the fish;
then setting testing cylinders and numbering each testing cylinder, and setting corresponding numbering because of 15 experiments, wherein the numbering of the testing cylinders is D 1-1 、D 1-2 、D 1-3 、D 2-1 、D 2-2 、D 2-3 、D -1 、D 3-2 、D 3-3 、D 4-1 、 D -2 、D 4-3 、D 5-1 、D -2 、D 5-3 Calculating in each test cylinder separatelyThe water volume V is measured, and the content C of soluble phosphate in the initial water sample in each test cylinder is respectively measured i (ii) a Further, in order to make the test more accurate, the water volume in each test cylinder should be kept consistent, and the test cylinder needs to be cleaned before use.
Transferring the fish domesticated for a period of time in the culture tank to the testing tanks with the numbers in one-to-one correspondence, and respectively feeding the feeds with the A1 numbers into the testing tanks D 1-1 Test cylinder D 1-2 And a test cylinder D 1-3 In, the fodder of A2 serial number is put into test jar D respectively 2-1 Test cylinder D 2-2 Test cylinder D 2-3 In, the fodder of A3 serial number is put into test jar D respectively 3-1 Test cylinder D 3-2 Test cylinder D 3-3 In the middle, the fodder of A4 number is respectively put into the testing jar D 4-1 Test cylinder D 4-2 Test cylinder D 4-3 In the test tank D, feeds numbered A5 are respectively put into the test tanks D 5-1 And a test cylinder D 5-2 And a test cylinder D 5-3 In the method, the feeding time period and the feeding quality of each feed in a testing cylinder are consistent, the feeding time period of the feed is three times a day, each time is separated by 8 hours, and the mass of each feed is 0.5-1% of the initial mass of the fish;
setting a test time period for cultivation, and respectively detecting the content C of soluble phosphate in the water body at the end of the test time when the test time is ended f ；
The difference value of the phosphate content in the test cylinder is the daily excretion E X ＝(C f -C i ) V, preparing a fitting curve by using 15 groups of measured data, and when obtaining the fitting curve of the related phosphorus excretion and the phosphorus content of the feed, when obtaining the excretion E X When the phosphorus content of the feed is negative, the phosphorus content of the feed cannot meet the growth requirement of fish bodies, and the fish needs to absorb phosphate from the environment. With increasing phosphorus levels in the feed, E x Are also increasing in value. When E is X =0 i.e. the point at which the fish begin to excrete phosphorus is considered to be the lowest phosphorus requirement for the fish. When Y =0 and the value of X is calculated at the moment, the phosphorus content in the feed is the minimum phosphorus demand of the fish when the phosphorus excretion of the fish in a certain growth stage is 0, and the phosphorus content in the water body can be calculated at the momentThe content of soluble phosphate is the minimum, the fish can meet the requirement of growth, and the influence of discharged phosphorus on the environment is minimum, wherein the method for measuring the soluble phosphate adopts an ammonium molybdate colorimetric method (GB-T9727-2007).
The invention is further described below with reference to specific examples:
subjects of this experiment: selecting the same kind of crucian carps with the same growth stage, healthy body and 58g of individual size.
1. The test designs 5 kinds of compound feed with different phosphorus contents, 5 concentration gradients are set from low phosphorus to high phosphorus, the feed is all granular feed, the content of monocalcium phosphate in the feed is adjusted, the content of total phosphorus in the feed is determined by molybdenum yellow colorimetry, the phosphorus contents can be respectively 0.11% (A1), 0.36% (A2), 0.55% (A3), 0.76% (A4) and 0.98% (A5), and differences caused by different monocalcium phosphate are replaced by flour. The contents of crude protein and crude fat in 5 different feeds are similar, namely 34.5 percent and 4.2 percent respectively, and the requirements of crucian growth and development can be fully met.
2. Then randomly dividing the fishes of the same kind, the same growth stage, health and uniform size into 5 experimental groups and putting the experimental groups into culture pots, wherein each experimental group is provided with 3 groups of control experiments, so that 15 experiments need to be provided with 15 culture pots, each culture pot is numbered, and the number of the culture pot in the first experimental group is B 1-1 、B 1-2 、B 1-3 The number of the culture tank in the second experimental group is B 2-1 、B 2-2 、B 2-3 And the number of the culture tank in the third experimental group is B 3-1 、B 3-2 、B 3-3 And the number of the culture tank in the fourth experimental group is B 4-1 、B 4-2 、B 4-3 The number of the culture tank in the fifth experimental group is B 5-1 、B 5-2 、B 5-3 The culture tanks adopt a circulating water culture system, the circulating water system adopts coral stone physical filtration and biological brush biological filtration, and each culture tank is provided with an inflation head to ensure that the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L; the experimental conditions are room temperature, about 28 ℃, and the feeding and the cultivation are carried out for 5 weeks after the full feeding.
3. Then will beEach kind of feed is put in corresponding to each breeding cylinder, and then the feeds with the A1 number are respectively put in the breeding cylinders B 1-1 And a breeding vat B 1-2 And a breeding vat B 1-3 In the middle, the fodder with A2 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 2-1 And a culture tank B 2-2 And a culture tank B 2-3 In the middle, the fodder with A3 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 3-1 And a breeding vat B 3-2 And a breeding vat B 3-3 In the middle, the fodder with A4 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 4-1 And a breeding vat B 4-2 And a culture tank B 4-3 In the middle, the fodder with A5 number is respectively put into the breeding tank B 5-1 And a breeding vat B 5-2 And a culture tank B 5-3 The feeding time period and the feeding quality of each feed in the culture tank are consistent, the feeding time period of the feed is three times a day, the feeding time interval is 8 hours each time, and the feeding quality of each time is 0.5-1% of the initial quality of the fish;
4. setting testing cylinders and numbering each testing cylinder, wherein the corresponding numbering is set because 15 experimental projects exist, and the numbering of the testing cylinders is D 1-1 、D 1-2 、D 1-3 、D 2-1 、D 2-2 、D 2-3 、D -1 、D 3-2 、D 3-3 、 D 4-1 、D -2 、D 4-3 、D 5-1 、D -2 、D 5-3 The volume of water in the test cylinder is kept consistent, the test cylinder is cleaned before use, the volume of water in each test cylinder is 327 liters, and the content C of soluble phosphate in the initial water sample in each test cylinder is detected respectively i ；
5. Transferring the fish domesticated for a period of time in the culture tank to the testing tanks with the numbers in one-to-one correspondence, and respectively putting the feed with the A1 number into the testing tank D 1-1 And a test cylinder D 1-2 And a test cylinder D 1-3 In, the fodder of A2 serial number is put into test jar D respectively 2-1 Test cylinder D 2-2 Test cylinder D 2-3 In, the fodder of A3 serial number is put into test jar D respectively 3-1 And a test cylinder D 3-2 Test cylinder D 3-3 In the middle, the fodder of A4 number is respectively put into the testing jar D 4-1 Test cylinder D 4-2 And a test cylinder D 4-3 In the test tank D, feeds numbered A5 are respectively put into the test tanks D 5-1 Test cylinder D 5-2 Test cylinder D 5-3 Wherein, the feeding time period and the feeding quality of each feed in the testing tank are consistent, the feeding time period of the feed is three times a day, the feeding time interval is 8 hours, and the feeding quality of each time is 0.5 to 1 percent of the initial quality of the fish;
6. setting the testing time period to be 24 hours for cultivation, and respectively detecting the soluble phosphate content C of the water body in each testing tank after the testing time period is 24 hours f Weighing the weight of the fish in each test jar;
7. the difference value of the phosphate content in the test cylinder is the daily excretion E X ＝(C f -C i ) V, and preparing a fitting curve through the 15 measured data to obtain a fitting curve of the related phosphorus excretion and the phosphorus content of the feed.
8. And (4) analyzing results:
calculating daily excretion of fish in each jar per unit weight, and then drawing the relationship between the daily excretion and available phosphorus content in the feed by using Excel software, as shown in figure 1, the excretion and the phosphorus content in the feed are in straight line correlation, and the curve equation is as follows:
Y＝118.9x-53.63(R 2 =0.95 phosphorus<0.001 X is the available phosphorus content in the feed and Y is the daily excretion of the fish per unit weight. When the daily excretion amount is 0, X =0.45g/kg can be calculated. That is to say, when the phosphorus content in the feed is 0.45g/Kg, the discharge amount of the soluble phosphorus of the crucian is 0, and the growth requirement of the crucian is also met. It can be seen that when the phosphorus content in the feed is 0.36g/Kg and 0.55g/Kg, the difference of the total mass of the fish is not large, that is, when the phosphorus content is 0.36g/Kg, the phosphorus content in the feed can meet the normal absorption, intake and growth of the fish.
The minimum requirement of 58g of crucian carp on the feed phosphorus is calculated by the method to be 0.45g/Kg during feeding for 5 weeks, and the feed with the phosphorus content of 0.45g/Kg is fed at the moment, so that the eutrophication problem of the water body caused by feeding the feed can be reduced to the maximum extent, and the reasonable requirement of fish growth can be met.
Furthermore, the minimum required amount of the feed phosphorus when different weeks are fed to the crucian in different stages can be obtained by testing the crucian in different stages, so that the feed phosphorus content under the minimum required amount can be obtained, and the corresponding phosphorus content feed is put in different growth stages of the crucian, so that the eutrophication problem of the water body caused by feeding of the feed can be reduced to the greatest extent in the whole growth stage of the crucian, and the reasonable requirement of the growth of the crucian can be met.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the claimed protection scope is not limited thereto, and any modifications and alternative combinations made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus demand of fish comprises the following steps:
A. preparing feeds with different phosphorus contents, detecting the phosphorus content in the feeds, numbering each feed A i ；
B. Arranging culture pots, placing the fishes of the same kind, the same growth stage, health and uniform size in the culture pots for culture, numbering B for each culture pot i ；
C. Each feed A i Corresponding to each culture tank B i Put in and breed jar B i The time period and the feeding quality of the inner feed are consistent;
D. setting testing cylinders, numbering each testing cylinder D i Calculating the volume V of water in the test cylinder, and detectingSoluble phosphate content C in initial water sample in test jar i ；
E. Will breed jar B i Transferring the fish domesticated internally for a period of time to a test tank D i In, feed A is put in i Test cylinder D i The time period and the feeding quality of the inner feed are consistent;
F. detecting the content C of soluble phosphate in the water body at the end of the test time f Weighing the weight of the fish in each test jar;
G. according to daily excretion Ex = (C) f -C i ) V, making a fitted curve, and calculating Ex =0 to obtain the minimum phosphorus demand of the fish in a certain growth stage.
2. The method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus requirement of fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: 3-30 fish in each culture tank.
3. The method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus requirement of fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fish in each culture tank is cultured for more than 2 weeks.
4. The method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus requirement of fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: coral physical filtration and biological brush biological filtration are adopted in each culture tank.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the steps of: each culture tank is provided with an aeration head, and the culture water dissolved oxygen of each culture tank is controlled to be more than 5 mg/L.
6. The method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus requirement of fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: each culture tank shares a circulating water culture system.
7. The method for rapidly determining minimum phosphorus requirement of fish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feed contains sodium dihydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117581815A (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-02-23 | 佛山市南海区杰大饲料有限公司 | Method and device for judging growth condition of industrial cultured fish |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| AU2002339252A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-06-10 | Australian Water Management Pty Ltd | A method of treating a target species of fish within a general fish population |
| JP2012135285A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-19 | Kanmonkai:Kk | Method for producing artificial cultivating water for cultivated fish |
| CN103461688A (en) * | 2013-07-22 | 2013-12-25 | 吉林大学 | Environment-friendly feed with low discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus and preparation method thereof |
| CN105557567A (en) * | 2014-10-17 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Controlled-feeding/heavy-feeding alternate feeding aquatic product fish culture method |
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| CN117581815A (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-02-23 | 佛山市南海区杰大饲料有限公司 | Method and device for judging growth condition of industrial cultured fish |
| CN117581815B (en) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-06-11 | 佛山市南海区杰大饲料有限公司 | Method and device for judging growth condition of industrial cultured fish |
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