CN1155148C - Method and device for broadening ultrashort laser pulse without aberration completely - Google Patents

Method and device for broadening ultrashort laser pulse without aberration completely Download PDF

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CN1155148C
CN1155148C CNB981035264A CN98103526A CN1155148C CN 1155148 C CN1155148 C CN 1155148C CN B981035264 A CNB981035264 A CN B981035264A CN 98103526 A CN98103526 A CN 98103526A CN 1155148 C CN1155148 C CN 1155148C
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parabolic reflector
concave surface
diffraction
mirror
cylinder
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CN1244057A (en
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魏志义
张�杰
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Institute of Physics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for realizing ultra-short pulse laser broadening without aberration completely. The holographic optical system comprises 1-2 holographic gratings, 1 plane reflector, 1 roof reflector, 1-2 concave parabolic cylindrical reflectors and 1 convex parabolic cylindrical reflector; the cylindrical axis and the cylindrical axis of each reflector are arranged in parallel, the concave parabolic cylindrical reflector and the convex cylindrical reflector are arranged opposite to each other, the groove direction of the holographic grating is consistent with the cylindrical axis direction of the reflectors, and the holographic grating is arranged in an inclination angle in the parabolic surface parallel to the cylindrical axis according to the diffraction requirement. The widening method comprises the following steps: when laser is incident to the plane mirror and reflected to the holographic grating, the laser is dispersed and diffracted in the plane parallel to the paraboloid and is reflected to the concave cylindrical reflector again. The whole widening process is free of any optical aberration.

Description

Complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse method for widening and device thereof
Technical field under the present invention
The present invention relates to laser technology field, particularly relate to femtosecond laser amplifying technique field.
Background technology of the present invention
The present invention relates to laser technology field, particularly relate to a kind of method and isolated plant thereof of realizing complete aberrationless ultra-short pulse laser broadening.
Laser is one of greatest invention in this century, in present laser physics and Study on Technology, chirped pulse amplifies (CPA, the lead-in abbreviation of Chirped-Pulse Amplification) be wherein leading and popular content, its structure is mainly formed (Fig. 1) by oscillator (Oscillator), pulse stretcher (Stretcher), amplifier (Amplifier) and recompression device (Compressor) four parts; The basic course of work is: at first by oscillator produce femtosecond (be fs, 1fs=10 -15Second) seed laser pulse of magnitude pulsewidth, utilize then stretcher with positive dispersion with its broadening be hundreds of psecs (be ps, 1ps=10 -12Second) chirped pulse of pulsewidth, it is constant to keep its spectral width simultaneously, pass through necessary amplification once more after, utilize at last with the stretcher chromatic dispersion mutually the compressor reducer of inverse with its counteracting of warbling, thereby obtain the amplification result close with the seed pulsewidth.Because the peak power behind the broadening is greatly diminished, chirped laser pulse can fully be amplified and can not produce nonlinear effect too early and amplify saturation effect in amplification process subsequently like this.In the CPA technology, general compressor reducer is the grating pair that parallel construction is placed, therefore, seek opposite dispersion measure is fully arranged and the stretcher of desirable broadening rate is arranged with this standard compression utensil, and be the key point of CPA technology.In fact, in the CPA technology research maximum be stretcher, each impressive progress all is that the improvement because of stretcher realizes.
When the eighties middle and later periods CPA technology was come out, used stretcher was mainly by document 1
1.D.Strickland, G Mourou, Opt.Commun; Vol.56, the long monomode fiber of described in 219 (1985) several kilometers constitutes, because loss height, broadening rate are limited, chromatic dispersion and grating pair do not match, use shortcomings such as inconvenience, the early 1990s, the anti-grating pair of just combined transmission-type telescope configuration replaced (Fig. 2), its structural principle such as document 2
2.P.Maine et al; IEEE J.ofQuantum Electron, Vol.QE-24, described in 398 (1988), can be the positive dispersion of gratings compressor full remuneration though can provide in theory, but, adopt the CPA of this stretcher can not obtain amplification result less than 100fs in fact owing to the reasons such as material dispersion of lens.Before and after 1994, people begin to use instead document 3
3.J.V.Rudd et al; Chirped-pulse amplification of 55fs pulses at a 1-kHzrepetition rate in a Ti:Al 2O 3Regenerative amplifier (1kHz repetition rate, the titanium-doped sapphire regenerative amplifier that 55 Fs chirp pulses are amplified); Opt.Lett; Vol.18, the stretcher (Fig. 3) of 2045 (1993) described spheric reflection formula telescope configurations, thus make the amplification pulse that obtains below the 100fs become possibility, thereafter as document 4 and document 5
4.J.Zhou?et?al;Generation?of?21-fs?millijoule-energy?pulses?by?use?ofTi:sapphire;Opt.Lett;Vol.19,126(1994)
5.B.E.Lemoff and C.P.J.Barty; Quintic-phase-limited, spatially uniformexpansion and recompression of ultrashort optical pulses; (the even broadening recompression in the space of ultrashort light pulse) (Opt.Lett; Vol.18,1651 (1993) describedly further are improved to sphere parabolic lens and sphere cylindrical mirror telescope configuration again, though two kinds of schemes have all obtained amplifying the record result of pulse less than 30fs, the former broadening rate extremely low (~200), the latter passes through optical grating diffraction eight times, and loss is bigger.And the bulk of such scheme is all longer, and is inconsistent with the mesa dimensions advantage of CPA technology, and all exist the optical aberration that causes that light pulse space chirp and time warble.
Nineteen ninety-five France and U.S. scientist as described in document 6 and 7
6.Cheriaux etc.; Aberration-free stretcher design for ultrashort pulseamplification (being used for the no aberration stretcher design that ultrashort pulse is amplified); Opt.Lett; Vol.21,414 (1996)
7.Detao.Du et al; Terawatt Ti:sapphire laser with a sphericalreflective-optic pulse expander (adopting the terawatt (TW) pulse titanium precious stone laser of spheric reflection optics stretcher); Opt.Lett; Vol.20,2114 (1995) have successively independently proposed the stretcher of homocentric concavo-convex spherical mirror telescope configuration, this structure not only makes the volume of stretcher greatly reduce (Fig. 4), and can also partly eliminate optical aberration, is the most advanced and practical at present pulse stretcher.This but so-called " nothing " aberration stretcher is because what adopt is the spherical mirror structure, therefore still exists aberration departing from homocentric place on the one hand, and the burst pulse with super wide spectrum is had the fourth-order dispersion of can not ignore; On the other hand owing to also have optical transform in the non-diffraction direction of grating, thereby be attended by unnecessary space chirp, this also still fails to obtain main cause less than 30fs amplification result with this stretcher just.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is deficiency and defective at present femtosecond pulse stretcher, proposed a kind ofly can get rid of the method that optical aberration and noise " warble " and the concrete structure of stretcher fully, thereby made the CPA technology can obtain the high-quality amplification pulse close with the seed pulsewidth through last compression stage.
The complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse stretcher that the present invention proposes is that the telescope configuration of 1 concavo-convex cylinder parabolic mirror composition is realized by adopting holographic grating and " homocentric " structure, magnification ratio.The present invention specifically comprises 1~2 block of holographic diffraction grating, 1~2 concave surface cylinder parabolic total reflective mirror, 1 convex surface cylinder parabolic total reflective mirror, 1~2 plane total reflective mirror, a ridge speculum.(accompanying drawing 5 is front view (a) and the end view (b) that each element particular location concerns illustration), wherein the relative position of two concave surface cylinder parabolic lens and convex surface parabolic mirror is the low-angle structure, the focal length of convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror is f.For guaranteeing that " homocentric " structure and magnification ratio are 1 effect, the focal length of concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror then is-2f accordingly, and the distance between convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror should be fixed as 2 (| 2f|-|f|)=2|f|, the placement that is parallel to each other of the axis of a cylinder of each speculum and axis of a cylinder, the concavo-convex reflecting surface of penetrating mirror is placed face-to-face; The delineation line direction of holographic grating is consistent with speculum axis of a cylinder direction, and (that is in face vertical with axis of a cylinder) is the inclination angle and places with the requirement that is fit to diffraction direction and formed in the front view face.After laser incides grating, the chromatic dispersion diffraction will take place in it in the plane that is parallel to parabola (main-vision surface), distance on the holographic grating between this incidence point and concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror is determined by the broadening amount of the required generation of this stretcher, in the system distance between ridge speculum, plane mirror and holographic grating is not had specific (special) requirements, according to circumstances decide in the reality on convenient.The ridge speculum is placed on the diffraction light light path after the diffraction for the second time, is used for broadening laser pulse once along the direction of parallel original optical path reflected back broadening system again, to obtain the secondary broadening light pulse that light spot shape is resumed.
Provided by the invention do not have the ultrashort laser pulse method for widening that differs fully:
The broadening femtosecond light pulse (001) for the treatment of with broadband spectral is at first incided on the level crossing 1, incide holographic grating 2 (002) after reflection and carry out the chromatic dispersion diffraction, it reflexes on the convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5 (004) with divergence form arrival concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3 (003) and by this mirror again behind the diffraction, it reflexes to concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 4 (005) again with it, because there is not any aberration in concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror, and concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3 and 4 and this textural association of convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5 to be equivalent to magnification ratio be 1 telescope, therefore reflex to holographic grating 6 (006) once more behind the chromatic dispersion diffraction by concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 4, it shows as the wide beam collimated light (007) that just has warble (chromatic dispersion), there is no any optical aberration and space chirp, finish the pulsatile once broadening; For restoring, the wide beam hot spot that will obtain certain broadening is circular light spot, present embodiment further adopts ridge mirror 7, after its twice 45 degree reflections, light pulse is incided full raster 6 (009) once more with the light path (008) that is parallel to former direction again, arrive concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 4 (010) behind the diffraction again, reflex to convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5 (011) again by 4, reflex to concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3 (012) again by 5, after inciding grating 2 (013) at last and carrying out the chromatic dispersion diffraction, will obtain hot spot restore and be circular secondary stretched pulse, and from plane mirror 1 side by leaving broadening system (014).Whole process does not have any optical aberration.
Compare with existing technology, the present invention has following advantage.
1. what optical system adopted is Reflective structure, there is not additional material dispersion, the light pulse after the amplification is easy to the width of the original seed pulse of compression and back.
2. owing to adopted Parabolic reflector, therefore avoided axial and non axial optical aberration fully, thereby got rid of the space chirp that compressibility is difficult to compensate.
3. owing to adopted The cylindrical mirror structureSo, there is not the optical imaging conversion non-diffraction of grating, avoided the optical distortion and the space chirp that may cause
4. because to have adopted magnification ratio be 1 Concavo-convex autocollimator structure, so stretcher Length is shortened greatly, help accomplishing compact more table top structure for amplifying.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the General Principle figure of CPA technology.
Fig. 2 is the ultrashort laser pulse stretcher of transmission-type telescope configuration.Two lens (3a, 4b) focal length equates that spacing is the focal length sum, and grating (2,6) is positioned within the focal plane, and the spacing of itself and lens has determined the positive dispersion amount of stretcher, i.e. broadening rate.01 stretched pulse for the treatment of for incident, 02 is the chirped pulse behind the broadening.
Fig. 3 is the ultrashort laser pulse stretcher of autocollimator structure.The homocentric placement of two spherical mirrors, radius of curvature equates that principle is identical with transmission-type, and wherein 3,4 is the spherical mirror of iso-curvature, and 2,6 is that grating, 7 is the ridge speculum, and 1,8 is level crossing, and 01 for treating the broadening light pulse, and 02 is the chirped pulse behind the broadening.
Fig. 4 is the ultrashort laser pulse stretcher of the autocollimator structure of concavo-convex spherical mirror composition.Wherein 3 is the concave surface spherical mirror, and 5 is the convex surface spherical mirror, and the curvature of concave surface spherical reflector is the twice of convex surface spherical reflector, and 2 is holographic grating, and roof prism 7 is used to make pulse once more by stretcher, and 1 is level crossing.
Fig. 5 is a ultrashort laser pulse stretcher structural representation of the present invention; (a) being front view, (b) is end view.
Fig. 6 (a) implements the front view of figure by of the present invention another, and Fig. 6 (b) is that of the present invention another implemented the end view of figure.
Fig. 7 is the another embodiment of the present invention structural representation.
Drawing is described as follows:
3,4 is the concave surface parabolic reflector, and 5 is the convex surface parabolic reflector, and 2,6 is holographic grating, and 1 is the plane total reflective mirror, and 7 is right angle ridge speculum.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Embodiment 1 can realize complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse stretcher device by Fig. 5, and Fig. 5 (a) is a front view, and Fig. 5 (b) is an end view, and concrete structure is described below:
3,4 is concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror, and typical bore is a 1* b 1Rectangle, wherein the length of parabolic direction is a 1, the length of axis of a cylinder direction is b 1, paraboloidal equation is y 2=2p 1X, as representative value, general desirable a 1≈ 200mm, b 1≈ 50mm, p 1≈ 1000mm.
5 is convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror, and typical bore is a 2* b 2Rectangle structure, wherein parabolic direction is a 2, the axis of a cylinder direction is b 2, parabolic equation is y 2=-p 1X, itself and 3 and 4 vertex distance d all are fixed as p 1/ 2.As representative value, desirable a 2≈ 120mm, b 2≈ 20mm, concave and convex lenses spacing d=(p 1/ 2) ≈ 500mm.
2,6 is holographic grating, and its grating constant can be chosen according to the broadening amount of design, as 600 lines/mm, 1200 lines/mm, 1500 lines/mm, 1800 lines/mm or 2000 lines/mm etc.Incident light is with nearly Littow angle incident.
1 is the common plane total reflective mirror, can be processed as the circular or semicircle eyeglass of diameter 20~30mm in actual the use.
7 is the ridge speculum.
Two concave surface cylinder parabolic lens 3 in the actual structure of manufacturing present embodiment, 4 with the relative position of convex surface cylinder parabolic lens 5 be the low-angle structure, two concave surface cylinder parabolic lens 3,4 and the fixed distance of 5 of convex surface cylinder parabolic lens be 2|f|, concave surface cylinder parabolic lens 3 wherein, 4 focal length is-2f, the focal length of convex surface cylinder parabolic lens is f, the placement that is parallel to each other of the axis of a cylinder of each speculum and axis of a cylinder, concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3,4 place face-to-face with convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5, holographic grating 2,6 delineation line direction is consistent with speculum axis of a cylinder direction, being the inclination angle in the front view face places to be fit to the requirement of diffraction direction, regulate holographic grating 2,6 with concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3,4 distance then can realize the different chromatic dispersions of warbling to light pulse.
The method that realizes complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse broadening is described as follows in conjunction with Fig. 5:
The broadening femtosecond light pulse (001) for the treatment of with broadband spectral is at first incided on the level crossing 1, incide holographic grating 2 (002) after reflection and carry out the chromatic dispersion diffraction, it reflexes on the convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5 (004) with divergence form arrival concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3 (003) and by this mirror again behind the diffraction, it reflexes to concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 4 (005) again with it, because there is not any aberration in parabolic reflector, and concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3 and 4 and this textural association of convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5 to be equivalent to magnification ratio be 1 telescope, therefore reflex to holographic grating 6 (006) once more behind the chromatic dispersion diffraction by concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 4, it shows as the wide beam collimated light (007) that just has warble (chromatic dispersion), there is no any optical aberration and space chirp, finish the pulsatile once broadening; For restoring, the wide beam hot spot that will obtain certain broadening is circular light spot, present embodiment further adopts ridge mirror 7, after its twice 45 degree reflections, light pulse is incided holographic grating 6 (009) once more with the light path (008) that is parallel to former direction again, arrive concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 4 (010) behind the diffraction again, reflex to convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror 5 (011) again by 4, reflex to concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror 3 (012) again by 5, after inciding grating 2 (013) at last and carrying out the chromatic dispersion diffraction, will obtain hot spot restore and be circular secondary stretched pulse, and from plane mirror 1 side by leaving broadening system (014).Whole process does not have any optical aberration.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 6 adopts the compact economical apparatus structure of single concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror and single holographic diffraction grating for back that embodiment 1 is made an amendment slightly, Fig. 6 (a) is a front view, Fig. 6 (b) is an end view, wherein 3 is concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror, 5 is convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror, 2 is the high efficiency holographic diffraction grating, 7 are plane mirror or ridge speculum (adopting level crossing can accomplish littler angle), 1 is plane, broadband total reflective mirror, the parameter position of each element is substantially the same manner as Example 1, be that fixed distance between concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror and convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror is 2|f|, the focal length of concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror is-2f that the focal length of convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror is f; Concave surface cylinder parabolic mirror and convex surface cylinder parabolic mirror are placed face-to-face, and the delineation line direction of grating is consistent with the axis of a cylinder direction of speculum, be the inclination angle and place to be fit to the requirement of diffraction direction in the front view face.The method of its realization broadening as shown in Figure 6, when the incident light pulse for the treatment of broadening (01) by present embodiment through behind broadening, by level crossing or ridge speculum 7 with it with along the direction that favours original optical path again in the reflected back broadening system, to obtain the secondary spread laser pulse (02) that light spot shape has restored at last, the axis of a cylinder direction of this structure concave projection face parabolic mirror and the groove direction of grating are parallel to each other, it is symmetry with the axis of two mirrors that light pulse comes back reflective, different with normal incidence situation among the embodiment one is that light reflection of (side-looking face) in this face has certain low-angle in the present embodiment, but owing to be cylindrical structure, therefore do not have any aberration, this is one of advantage of the present invention just.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 7 is similarly the compact economical structure of single concave surface cylinder parabolic lens and single diffraction grating is adopted in embodiment 1 back that makes an amendment slightly, Fig. 7 (a) is a front view, Fig. 7 is that (b) is end view, the parameter position of each element is substantially the same manner as Example 2, the place difference is that the axis of a cylinder direction of this enforcement structure concave projection face parabolic mirror and the groove direction of grating are also placed with the clip angle mutually, the back reflective that comes of light pulse is a symmetry with the axis of two mirrors no longer, the advantage of this spline structure is that the width of grating 3 does not require very wide, so cost can further be reduced.

Claims (6)

1. a complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse stretcher comprises 1-2 holographic grating, 1 plane mirror, 1 ridge speculum, and its feature also is: comprise 1-2 concave surface parabolic reflector and 1 convex surface parabolic reflector; Be parallel to each other placement, speculum and speculum of the axis of a cylinder of wherein concavo-convex two cylinder parabolic lens and axis of a cylinder is face-to-face placement; The delineation line direction of holographic grating is consistent with the axis of a cylinder direction of cylinder parabolic mirror, and in the plane of vertical axis of a cylinder, holographic grating requires to be the inclination angle according to diffraction and places.
2. by the described complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse stretcher of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the placement that is parallel to each other of the axis of a cylinder direction of 1 concave surface parabolic reflector and 1 convex surface parabolic reflector and the groove direction of holographic grating, light pulse is reflected with certain low-angle in axis of a cylinder direction and grating line direction, and the light pulse of reflection is a symmetric position with its axis before and after the convex surface parabolic reflector; The ridge speculum is placed on the light path of diffraction light after the diffraction for the second time.
3. by the described complete aberrationless ultrashort laser pulse stretcher of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the axis of a cylinder direction of concave surface parabolic reflector and convex surface parabolic reflector and the groove direction of holographic grating are placed with the clip angle mutually, and the ridge speculum is placed on the light path of diffraction light after the diffraction for the second time.
4. describedly there is not the ultrashort laser pulse stretcher that differs fully according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the focal length of convex surface parabolic reflector is chosen according to design, the focal length of concave surface parabolic mirror is the twice of convex surface parabolic mirror focal length absolute value, and distance between the two also should be the absolute value of concave surface cylinder parabolic lens focal length mutually.
5. describedly do not have the ultrashort laser pulse stretcher that differs fully according to any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that: the grating constant of holographic grating can be chosen to 600 lines/mm, 1200 lines/mm, 1500 lines/mm, 1800 lines/mm or 2000 lines/mm according to the broadening amount of design.
6. the method for widening of a ultrashort laser pulse stretcher that differs with not having fully of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the broadening femtosecond light pulse (001) for the treatment of with broadband spectral is at first incided on the level crossing (1), incide holographic grating (2) (002) after reflection and carry out the chromatic dispersion diffraction, it reflexes on the convex mirror parabolic reflector (5) (004) with divergence form arrival concave surface parabolic reflector (3) (003) and by this mirror again behind the diffraction, it reflexes to concave surface parabolic reflector (4) (005) again with it, reflex to holographic grating (6) (006) once more behind the chromatic dispersion diffraction by concave surface parabolic reflector (4), adopt ridge speculum (7), after its twice 45 degree reflections, light pulse is incided holographic grating (6) (009) once more with the light path (008) that is parallel to former direction again, arrive concave surface parabolic reflector (4) (010) behind the diffraction again, reflex to convex surface parabolic reflector (5) (011) again by concave surface parabolic reflector (4), reflex to concave surface parabolic reflector (3) (012) again by (5), after inciding grating (2) (013) at last and carrying out the chromatic dispersion diffraction, will obtain hot spot restore and be circular secondary stretched pulse, and from plane mirror (1) side by leaving broadening system (014).
CNB981035264A 1998-07-31 1998-07-31 Method and device for broadening ultrashort laser pulse without aberration completely Expired - Fee Related CN1155148C (en)

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CN1299405C (en) * 2004-04-22 2007-02-07 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Chirp pulse stretcher
CN1325946C (en) * 2005-11-30 2007-07-11 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 Device for generating multi-pulse by utilizing Dammann grating pair
CN111948828B (en) * 2020-08-25 2021-12-17 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Laser pulse broadening method without time-space distortion

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