CN115514043A - Lithium iron phosphate battery pack, voltage equalization method thereof, vehicle and storage medium - Google Patents

Lithium iron phosphate battery pack, voltage equalization method thereof, vehicle and storage medium Download PDF

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CN115514043A
CN115514043A CN202211131170.4A CN202211131170A CN115514043A CN 115514043 A CN115514043 A CN 115514043A CN 202211131170 A CN202211131170 A CN 202211131170A CN 115514043 A CN115514043 A CN 115514043A
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battery pack
charging
power supply
voltage
iron phosphate
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潘文斌
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Shanghai Pingye Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The application relates to a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a voltage equalization method thereof, a vehicle and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging; starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging; and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state. By adopting the method, the charging of the power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack can be divided into the first-stage charging and the second-stage charging, the electric quantity balance of the battery cell is effectively ensured by a sectional charging mode, the service life and the reliability of the battery are ensured, and the power margin of the battery is improved.

Description

Lithium iron phosphate battery pack, voltage equalization method thereof, vehicle and storage medium
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of battery packs, in particular to a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a voltage balancing method thereof, a vehicle, computer equipment and a storage medium.
Background
Lead acid batteries have been known for over a hundred and fifty years since their invention. The high-temperature-resistant high-voltage discharge machine has the advantages of low price, easily obtained raw materials, sufficient reliability in use and suitability for wide environmental temperature range of a high-current discharge machine, and has absolute advantages in a chemical power supply. At present, most of power batteries of electric forklifts adopt flooded open lead-acid batteries. Compared with the advantages of the lead-acid battery, the lead-acid battery has the same outstanding defects because the flooded open-warehouse lead-acid battery has the defects of water loss and acid liquor overflow in the use process, frequent distilled water supplement, short service life, low capacity density and the like.
With the vigorous development of new energy technologies, various battery technologies such as spring bamboo shoots appear after rain, and the battery technologies such as various lithium batteries, fuel cells, super capacitors and the like are unpopular. At present, lithium batteries are widely used in devices such as electric vehicles and forklifts, but the usage schemes of the lithium batteries are still slightly different in some application occasions compared with the traditional lead-acid batteries as power sources. However, when there are two different voltage requirements of the driving power supply and the auxiliary power supply of the equipment, it is difficult to maintain consistency of the driving power supply and the auxiliary power supply of the equipment during long-term use due to long-term simultaneous charging, and there are several main problems of insufficient reliability, insufficient power margin and deviation of power calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method and an apparatus for equalizing voltage of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, a computer device, and a storage medium for solving the technical problems of insufficient reliability and insufficient power margin caused by the long-term simultaneous charging of the lithium batteries as a driving power supply and a device auxiliary power supply with different voltages.
On one hand, the lithium iron phosphate battery pack comprises a charging socket, a power supply and a power supply socket;
the power supply is composed of a plurality of lead-acid batteries connected in series by monomers, the power supply is provided with a battery pack anode and a battery pack cathode, the power supply is divided into a first battery pack and a second battery pack which are connected in series, the anode of the first battery pack is used as the battery pack anode, the cathode of the first battery pack is connected with the anode of the second battery pack, and the cathode of the second battery pack is used as the battery pack cathode; the first battery pack and the second battery pack together form a first voltage platform, and the second battery pack forms a second voltage platform;
the positive pole of the first battery pack is connected to the charging socket through a first charging control unit, and the positive pole of the first battery pack is connected to the power supply socket through a first discharging control unit; the positive electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the charging socket through a second charging control unit, and the positive electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the power supply socket through a second discharging control unit; a negative electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the charging jack and the connection to the charging jack;
when the charging socket is connected with output voltage to charge the power supply, the charging socket is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging; starting only the first charge control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the first-stage charging; and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state.
In one embodiment, the first voltage platform outputs a first supply voltage, the second voltage platform outputs a second supply voltage, the second supply voltage being lower than the first supply voltage; the second power supply voltage is 48V, and the first power supply voltage is 80V.
In one embodiment, a current detection loop is further arranged at the position of the power supply socket and used for detecting the current value I of the normal consumption of the first battery pack a And the current value I additionally consumed by the second battery pack b ；
Calculating extra power consumption according to current integration method
Figure BDA0003850456990000021
Normal consumption of electricity
Figure BDA0003850456990000022
Wherein T is a time point within the time length 0-T corresponding to the consumed electric quantity;
the residual capacity of the power supply when consuming electric energy
Figure BDA0003850456990000023
Residual capacity when recharging electric energy to the power supply
Figure BDA0003850456990000024
The residual capacity of the power supply during the first stage charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000025
The residual capacity of the power supply during the second stage charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000026
When the power supply is in a long-time low-current running state and the difference value between the SOC value corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value OCV and the current integral calculation SOC is more than or equal to 10%, triggering the calculation of the OCV correction SOC;
during the charging process, the recorded extra consumption electric quantity Q b1 And additional supplementary electric quantity Q in charging b2 And comparing, and triggering SOC correction when the difference value of the two values is more than or equal to 5%.
In one embodiment, the power supply is composed of n lead-acid batteries connected in series; in the charging process, recording the charging quantity Q1 to Qn of each lead-acid battery cell and the corresponding cell voltage values U1 to Un, establishing an array list, and recording a state value according to the array list; and when the power supply is in a full charge state, calculating balanced discharge quantities Q1 'to Qn', and releasing redundant electric quantity through passive balance to correct the cell voltage balance value.
In another aspect, an electric running vehicle is provided, which comprises the lithium iron phosphate battery pack as described above.
In another aspect, a method for voltage equalization of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack is provided, the method comprising:
when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging;
starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging;
and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
detecting the current value I of the normal consumption of the first battery pack when the lithium iron phosphate battery pack discharges a And the current value I additionally consumed by the second battery pack b ；
Calculating extra power consumption according to current integration method
Figure BDA0003850456990000031
Normally consuming electricity
Figure BDA0003850456990000032
Wherein T is a time point within the time length 0-T corresponding to the consumed electric quantity;
the residual capacity of the power supply when consuming electric energy
Figure BDA0003850456990000033
Residual capacity when recharging electric energy to the power supply
Figure BDA0003850456990000034
The residual capacity of the power supply during the first stage charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000035
The residual capacity of the power supply during the second stage charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000036
When the power supply is in a long-time low-current running state and the difference value between the SOC value corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value OCV and the SOC calculated by current integration is larger than or equal to 10%, the calculation of correcting the SOC by the OCV is triggered;
during the charging process, the recorded extra consumption electric quantity Q b1 And additional supplementary electric quantity Q in charging b2 And comparing, and triggering SOC correction when the difference value of the two values is more than or equal to 5%.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
the power supply is formed by connecting n lead-acid batteries in series;
in the charging process, recording the charging quantity Q1 to Qn of each lead-acid battery cell and the corresponding cell voltage values U1 to Un, establishing an array list, and recording the state values according to the array list;
and when the power supply is in a full charge state, calculating balanced discharge quantities Q1 'to Qn', and releasing redundant electric quantity through passive balance to correct the cell voltage balance value.
In another aspect, a computer device is provided, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:
when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging;
starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging;
and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state.
In yet another aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging;
starting only the first charge control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack in the first-stage charging;
and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state.
According to the lithium iron phosphate battery pack and the voltage balancing method thereof, the vehicle, the computer equipment and the storage medium, when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into the first-stage charging and the second-stage charging, the electric quantity balance of the battery cell is effectively ensured in a sectional charging mode, the service life and the reliability of the battery are ensured, and the power margin of the battery is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a comprehensive evaluation chart of lithium iron phosphate batteries and conventional lithium batteries after various data are summarized;
fig. 2 is a battery circuit structure of a conventional lead-acid battery forklift;
FIG. 3 is a battery circuit structure of a conventional 80V lithium battery forklift;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the DC/DC converter for voltage step-down to 48V from the total voltage of 80V in FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a segmented charging of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a segmented charging corresponding to FIG. 6 in one embodiment of the present application;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for equalizing voltage of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an internal structure of a computer device according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
As described in the background art, when the lithium battery is used as the driving power supply and the auxiliary power supply of the device to meet two different voltage requirements in the same device, the driving power supply and the auxiliary power supply of the device are difficult to keep consistency when being used for a long time due to long-term simultaneous charging, and there are several problems of insufficient reliability, insufficient power margin and deviation of electric quantity calculation.
The present application describes a forklift as an example having a drive power supply and an equipment auxiliary power supply, wherein the drive power supply is 80V and the equipment auxiliary power supply is 48V.
The commonly used lithium ion batteries mainly comprise lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate and the like. After various data of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the conventional lithium battery are summarized, the comprehensive evaluation is performed as shown in the following figure 1.
As can be seen from fig. 1: the safety of lithium iron phosphate battery is high, is fit for characteristics such as heavy current discharge, is particularly suitable for using as power battery, and the producer of domestic production lithium iron phosphate battery in addition is many, and the technology is mature, can select the leeway greatly, does not have under the condition of major breakthrough on other types of lithium cell security, selects lithium iron phosphate battery more to be fit for as fork truck power battery.
Analyzing data obtained by comparing the discharge curves of the lithium iron phosphate battery and the rich-solution open type lead-acid battery:
(1) Compared with a lead-acid battery, the lithium iron phosphate battery has small voltage drop in the initial stage of discharge, but the voltage drops rapidly after the discharge reaches 80%, which is very important for the treatment in the final stage of discharge of the lithium battery;
(2) When the 1C discharges, the capacity of the lithium iron phosphate battery is two times of that of the lead-acid battery, and the lithium iron phosphate battery is more suitable for being applied to the electric forklift with frequent heavy-current discharge than the lead-acid battery.
Lead-acid battery power sources adopted by the forklift generally have nominal voltage platforms of 48V and 80V. When a direct-current 80V battery pack is formed, a lead-acid battery adopts a mode of connecting 40 monomers in series, the lead-acid battery is converted into an 80V lithium battery pack, a mode of connecting 26 monomers in series is generally adopted on the market, and the maximum voltage of the 26-string lithium battery pack can reach about 88.4V but still be within the safe common-pack voltage range of electrical elements of an 80V electric forklift. The most advantage of the 26-string mode is that the residual electric quantity of the battery pack can be controlled to be about 5%, and the situation that the electric control and the electric control of the forklift are overheated due to the fact that the voltage of the battery pack is too low at the end of discharging is not worried.
However, for some application cases of lithium batteries, there is a certain difference compared to the conventional lead-acid battery, and the following detailed description is given by taking a battery circuit structure of a conventional lead-acid battery forklift as an example, and is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2: in the case of battery application of a lead-acid battery forklift, the battery voltage at 24 strings is independently extracted from the whole lead-acid battery pack with 40 monomers connected in series, and the battery voltage is used as a power supply source for the electric control and some auxiliary functions of the whole forklift. In short, two independent power supply platforms of 80V and 48V exist in the whole forklift with the voltage platform of 80V.
According to the application characteristics, when an application scheme of the 80V lithium battery forklift is generally designed, a commonly-used battery circuit structure is shown in detail in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the application scheme of the 80V lithium battery forklift is to ensure the voltage consistency of each battery string in the long-term use of the lithium battery, so as to achieve the purpose of long-life cycle. There is no usage scheme similar to that of lead-acid batteries, that is, an independent interface is led out from a battery string with a voltage of 48V, and voltage reduction processing is performed from a total voltage of 80V in a manner of a DC/DC converter as shown in fig. 4, and the voltage is adjusted from 80V to 48V to supply power to an electronic control platform of the whole forklift. Although this solution can ensure the consistency of the lithium battery for long-term use, it also has several significant disadvantages.
(1) The reliability is not enough, under the long-term vibration operational environment of long-term fork truck, has very high requirement to auxiliary power supply's performance itself, to under the long-term use condition, hardly guarantee not to take place auxiliary power supply failure trouble.
(2) The power margin is insufficient, and the power output of the auxiliary power supply is upper limit, so that the power supply of the forklift can be slightly caught in some special occasions. And meanwhile, the service life of the auxiliary power supply is reduced due to long-time high-load use, and the auxiliary power supply is damaged in serious conditions, so that the safety accident of the forklift is caused.
(3) The electric quantity of the forklift deviates, and the residual electric quantity of the battery is calculated by adopting the voltage value of the battery in certain forklift brands so as to trigger protection work when the electric quantity of the battery is low. However, for the application scheme of the lithium battery forklift adopting the auxiliary power supply, the auxiliary power supply generally adopts a constant voltage output mode, for example, a fixed 48V output mode, and in the whole forklift using process, the residual capacity of the battery cannot be judged according to the voltage value change by the forklift electronic control, so that when the battery capacity is low, the forklift electronic control cannot perform protection work according to the voltage value, and certain safety risk exists in the use of the forklift.
In order to solve the problems of insufficient lithium batteries of 80V platform forklifts, insufficient reliability, insufficient power allowance and deviation of calculation of electric quantity of the forklifts, the embodiment of the invention creatively provides an integration scheme combining the characteristics of the lithium batteries and the application of lead-acid batteries in the forklifts, as shown in fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a lithium iron phosphate battery forklift in an embodiment of the present application, which mainly shows a schematic circuit structure diagram of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack.
As shown in fig. 5, the lithium iron phosphate battery pack comprises a charging socket 1, a power supply 2 and a power supply socket 3;
the power supply 2 is composed of a plurality of lead-acid batteries connected in series, the power supply 2 is provided with a battery pack anode and a battery pack cathode, the power supply 2 is divided into a first battery pack 21 and a second battery pack 22 which are connected in series, the anode of the first battery pack 21 is used as the battery pack anode, the cathode of the first battery pack 21 is connected with the anode of the second battery pack 22, and the cathode of the second battery pack 22 is used as the battery pack cathode; the first battery pack 21 and the second battery pack 22 together form a first voltage platform and the second battery pack 22 forms a second voltage platform.
The positive pole of the first battery pack 21 is connected to the charging socket 1 through a first charging control unit 41, and the positive pole of the first battery pack 21 is connected to the power supply socket 3 through a first discharging control unit 51; the positive pole of the second battery pack 22 is connected to the charging socket 1 through a second charging control unit 42, and the positive pole of the second battery pack 22 is connected to the power supply socket 3 through a second discharging control unit 52; the negative electrode of the second battery pack 22 is connected to the charging inlet 1 and the connection to the charging inlet 1.
(1) The segmented charging scheme, flow chart is shown in fig. 6.
When the charging socket 1 is connected with output voltage to charge the power supply 2, the charging is divided into first-stage charging and second-stage charging; starting only the first charge control unit 41 to charge the first battery pack 21 and the second battery pack 22 simultaneously at the first stage of charging; when the first battery pack 21 enters the full charge state, the second stage of charging is entered, the first charging control unit 41 is turned off and the second charging control unit 42 is started to continue charging the second battery pack 22 until the second battery pack 22 enters the full charge state.
In this embodiment, the first voltage platform outputs a first supply voltage, and the second voltage platform outputs a second supply voltage, where the second supply voltage is lower than the first supply voltage; the second power supply voltage is 48V, and the first power supply voltage is 80V. The first voltage platform supplies power for the BMS or the balance system, and the second voltage platform serves as an electric control power supply.
Understandably, the problem that needs to be overcome in the use of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is that the electric quantity of the battery cell is balanced, and the service life of the battery can be ensured only by effectively ensuring the balance of the electric quantity of the battery cell.
As shown in fig. 5, "point P1" in fig. 5 is a position where power is supplied to the vehicle motor, where the supply current is large, assuming a current value of a, and "point P2" is a position where power is supplied to the vehicle control system and the auxiliary system, where the supply current is small, assuming a current value of B. In accordance with the battery characteristics, the value of the current actually flowing at the position of "point P3" is "a", and the value of the current flowing at the position of "point P4" is "a + B". If special charging strategy intervention is not adopted, the situation that the cell voltage of the whole lithium battery pack is unbalanced soon occurs, and the normal use of a vehicle is influenced.
According to the situation, as shown in fig. 7, a set of 'sectional charging' strategy is designed, firstly, the output voltage range of the charger is 30-100VDC, the 2 voltage platforms of 48VDC and 80VDC can be covered, and secondly, a special communication protocol is adopted for charging control, so that the charging control can be ensured to be correctly controlled and interacted with the lithium battery BMS system. The charger first charges the 80VDC voltage platform at point P5 in fig. 5, according to the characteristics of the battery, the first battery pack 21 (generally 10 battery cells, hereinafter referred to as a "position a battery cell") near the positive electrode of the battery enters a full charge state prior to the second battery pack 22 (generally 10 battery cells, hereinafter referred to as a "position B battery cell") near the negative electrode of the battery, at this time, the battery disconnects the 80VDC voltage platform charge loop, and the charger charges the 48VDC voltage platform at point P6, and continues to charge the battery cell at the position B.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the electric quantity of different strings of batteries can be effectively fully charged by adopting the charging in the segmentation process, so that the unbalance of the electric quantity of the battery pack caused by the additional use of the electric quantity of partial batteries is compensated.
(2) Optimized electric quantity SOC calculation scheme
In this embodiment, a current detection circuit is further disposed at the power supply socket 3, and the current detection circuit is used for detecting the current value I of the normal consumption of the first battery pack 21 a And current value I additionally consumed by second battery pack 22 b ；
Calculating extra power consumption according to current integration method
Figure BDA0003850456990000091
Normally consuming electricity
Figure BDA0003850456990000092
Wherein T is a time point within the time length 0-T corresponding to the consumed electric quantity;
the remaining power of the power supply 2 when consuming power
Figure BDA0003850456990000093
Residual capacity when recharging the power supply 2
Figure BDA0003850456990000094
The remaining capacity of the power supply 2 during the first stage of charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000095
The remaining capacity of the power supply 2 during the second stage of charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000096
When the power supply 2 is in a long-time low-current running state and the difference value between the SOC value corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value OCV and the current integral calculation SOC is more than or equal to 10%, triggering the calculation of the OCV correction SOC;
during the charging process, the recorded extra consumption electric quantity Q b1 And additional supplementary electric quantity Q in charging b2 Comparing, and when the difference value between the two values is more than or equal to 5 percentTriggering SOC correction.
By adopting the optimized SOC calculation scheme, the additionally used electric quantity can be independently calculated to correct the current integral value of the whole battery pack, and the deviation of the SOC calculation of the whole battery caused by the additionally used electric quantity can be avoided.
(3) Efficient electric quantity balancing scheme for battery cells
In the present embodiment, the power supply 2 is composed of n lead-acid batteries connected in series; in the charging process, recording the charging quantity Q1 to Qn of each lead-acid battery cell and the corresponding cell voltage values U1 to Un, establishing an array list, and recording the state values according to the array list; and when the power supply 2 is in a full charge state, calculating balanced discharge quantities Q1 'to Qn', and releasing redundant electric quantity through passive balance to correct the cell voltage balance value.
By adopting a high-efficiency equalization scheme and combining a reliable equalization algorithm, the electric quantity difference between battery cells of the battery pack, which is still possibly generated under the adoption of a sectional charging scheme, can be fully made up, and the service life of the whole lithium battery pack is ensured.
In another aspect, an electric running vehicle is provided, which comprises the lithium iron phosphate battery pack as described above.
Due to the adoption of the application scheme similar to that of the lead-acid battery, the defects of the lithium battery of the type in the application range can not occur. However, it is known that the scheme may bring problems affecting the performance of the lithium battery, wherein the most important problem is the voltage balance problem of each cell, and in order to effectively solve the problem, the embodiment of the invention creatively provides a voltage balancing method for a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and the method adopts several unique application schemes for use effect verification.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, there is provided a method for voltage equalization of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, comprising the steps of:
step S1, when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging.
And S2, only starting the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during the first-stage charging.
And S3, when the first battery pack enters a full charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full charge state.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
detecting the current value I of the normal consumption of the first battery pack when the lithium iron phosphate battery pack discharges a And the current value I additionally consumed by the second battery pack b ；
Calculating extra power consumption according to current integration method
Figure BDA0003850456990000101
Normal consumption of electricity
Figure BDA0003850456990000102
Wherein T is a time point within the time length of 0-T corresponding to the consumed electric quantity;
the residual capacity of the power supply when consuming electric energy
Figure BDA0003850456990000103
Residual capacity when recharging electric energy to the power supply
Figure BDA0003850456990000104
The residual capacity of the power supply during the first stage charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000105
The residual capacity of the power supply during the second stage charging
Figure BDA0003850456990000106
When the power supply is in a long-time low-current running state and the difference value between the SOC value corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value OCV and the SOC calculated by current integration is larger than or equal to 10%, the calculation of correcting the SOC by the OCV is triggered;
in the charging process, the recorded extra consumption quantity Q b1 And additional supplementary electric quantity Q in charging b2 And comparing, and triggering SOC correction when the difference value of the two values is more than or equal to 5%.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises:
the power supply is formed by connecting n lead-acid batteries in series;
in the charging process, recording the charging quantity Q1 to Qn of each lead-acid battery cell and the corresponding cell voltage values U1 to Un, establishing an array list, and recording a state value according to the array list;
and when the power supply is in a full charge state, calculating balanced discharge quantities Q1 'to Qn', and releasing redundant electric quantity through passive balance to correct the cell voltage balance value.
(1) Application case 01
The type of the forklift: TOYOTA 8FBJ35;
the use time is as follows: 774H;
cell voltage difference: the dynamic is less than or equal to 40mV; the static state is less than or equal to 10mV.
Specific parameters of application case 01 are detailed in table 1.
Charging voltage 0.0V
Discharge voltage 0.0V
Average voltage 0.000V
Mean temperature -50.0℃
SOC 22.8％
Current of battery -73.6A
Voltage of battery 80.9V
Maximum voltage 3.241V
Lowest voltage 3.232V
Maximum temperature 30.1℃
Minimum temperature 27.1℃
TABLE 1
SOC, which is called State of Charge, battery State of Charge, also called remaining capacity, represents the ratio of the remaining dischargeable capacity to the capacity in its fully charged State after a battery has been used for a period of time or left unused for a long period of time, and is usually expressed as a percentage.
(2) Application case 02
The type of the forklift: TOYOTA 8FBJ35;
the use time is as follows: 716H;
cell core pressure difference: the dynamic is less than or equal to 40mV; the static state is less than or equal to 10mV.
The specific parameters of application case 02 are detailed in table 2.
Charging voltage 0.0V
Discharge voltage 0.0V
Average voltage 0.000V
Mean temperature -50.0℃
SOC 68.0％
Current of battery -1.2A
Voltage of battery 82.7V
Maximum voltage 3.312V
Lowest voltage 3.303V
Maximum temperature 30.8℃
Minimum temperature 27.1℃
TABLE 2
(3) Application case 03
The type of the forklift: TOYOTA 8FBN30;
the use time is as follows: 440H;
cell voltage difference: the dynamic is less than or equal to 40mV; the static state is less than or equal to 10Mv.
The specific parameters of application case 03 are detailed in table 3.
Charging voltage 0.0V
Discharge voltage 0.0V
Average voltage 0.000V
Mean temperature -50.0℃
SOC 64.4％
Current of battery -186.0A
Voltage of battery 81.7V
Maximum voltage 3.282V
Lowest voltage 3.261V
Maximum temperature 29.7℃
Minimum temperature 27.4℃
TABLE 3
According to the above 3 application examples, when the battery is in a relatively static state and the current value is less than 20A, the voltage difference value is less than 10mV, and the battery cell capacity difference is kept consistent through the voltage difference value between the "highest cell voltage value" and the "lowest voltage value". When the battery is in a working state and the current value is greater than 100A, the voltage difference value is less than 25mV, and the battery cell capacity difference is kept consistent. Therefore, the above 3 application examples show that the lithium battery adopting the scheme has good operation state.
Therefore, according to the above 3 application examples, the cell voltage is not obviously separated after long-time use of the forklift, and the consistency is good. The application of the lithium battery of the forklift is carried out by adopting the scheme, the advantages of the lithium iron phosphate battery in the application of the forklift can be fully exerted, certain functional defects can be made up, and the design scheme is an effective lithium battery design scheme.
According to the voltage equalization method of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, the charging of the power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is divided into the first-stage charging and the second-stage charging, the electric quantity equalization of the battery cell is effectively guaranteed in a sectional charging mode, the service life and the reliability of the battery are guaranteed, and the power margin of the battery is improved.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 8 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 8 may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a server, and its internal structure diagram may be as shown in fig. 9. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, and a database connected by a system bus. Wherein the processor of the computer device is configured to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device comprises a nonvolatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of an operating system and computer programs in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer equipment is used for storing the voltage equalization data of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack. The network interface of the computer device is used for communicating with an external terminal through a network connection. The computer program is executed by a processor to implement a lithium iron phosphate battery pack voltage equalization method.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the architecture shown in fig. 9 is merely a block diagram of some of the structures associated with the disclosed aspects and is not intended to limit the computing devices to which the disclosed aspects apply, as particular computing devices may include more or less components than those shown, or may combine certain components, or have a different arrangement of components.
In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the following steps when executing the computer program:
when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging;
starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging;
and when the first battery pack enters a full charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full charge state.
For specific limitations of the implementation steps when the processor executes the computer program, reference may be made to the above limitations of the method for voltage equalization of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and details thereof are not repeated here.
In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of:
when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging;
starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging;
and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state.
For specific limitations of the implementation steps when the computer program is executed by the processor, reference may be made to the above limitations of the method for voltage equalization of the lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and details thereof are not repeated here.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), rambus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack is characterized by comprising a charging socket, a power supply and a power supply socket;
the power supply is composed of a plurality of lead-acid batteries connected in series by monomers, the power supply is provided with a battery pack anode and a battery pack cathode, the power supply is divided into a first battery pack and a second battery pack which are connected in series, the anode of the first battery pack is used as the battery pack anode, the cathode of the first battery pack is connected with the anode of the second battery pack, and the cathode of the second battery pack is used as the battery pack cathode; the first battery pack and the second battery pack together form a first voltage platform, and the second battery pack forms a second voltage platform;
the positive pole of the first battery pack is connected to the charging socket through a first charging control unit, and the positive pole of the first battery pack is connected to the power supply socket through a first discharging control unit; the positive electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the charging socket through a second charging control unit, and the positive electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the power supply socket through a second discharging control unit; a negative electrode of the second battery pack is connected to the charging jack and the connection to the charging jack;
when the charging socket is connected with output voltage to charge the power supply, the charging is divided into first-stage charging and second-stage charging; starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging; and when the first battery pack enters a full charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full charge state.
2. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack of claim 1, wherein the first voltage platform outputs a first supply voltage and the second voltage platform outputs a second supply voltage, the second supply voltage being lower than the first supply voltage; the second power supply voltage is 48V, and the first power supply voltage is 80V.
3. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to claim 1, further comprising a current detection circuit at the power supply socket, wherein the current detection circuit is used for detecting a current value I of normal consumption of the first battery pack a And the current value I additionally consumed by the second battery pack b ；
According to the product of currentCalculating extra power consumption by division
Figure FDA0003850456980000011
Normally consuming electricity
Figure FDA0003850456980000012
Wherein T is a time point within the time length 0-T corresponding to the consumed electric quantity;
the residual capacity of the power supply when consuming electric energy
Figure FDA0003850456980000013
Residual capacity when recharging electric energy to the power supply
Figure FDA0003850456980000014
The residual capacity of the power supply during the first stage charging
Figure FDA0003850456980000015
The residual capacity of the power supply during the second stage charging
Figure FDA0003850456980000021
When the power supply is in a long-time low-current running state and the difference value between the SOC value corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value OCV and the current integral calculation SOC is more than or equal to 10%, triggering the calculation of the OCV correction SOC;
during the charging process, the recorded extra consumption electric quantity Q b1 And additional supplementary electric quantity Q in charging b2 And comparing, and triggering SOC correction when the difference value of the two values is more than or equal to 5%.
4. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the power supply consists of n single lead-acid batteries connected in series; in the charging process, recording the charging quantity Q1 to Qn of each lead-acid battery cell and the corresponding cell voltage values U1 to Un, establishing an array list, and recording the state values according to the array list; and when the power supply is in a full charge state, calculating balanced discharge quantities Q1 'to Qn', and releasing redundant electric quantity through passive balance to correct the cell voltage balance value.
5. An electric running vehicle comprising the lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The method for voltage equalization of a lithium iron phosphate battery pack according to claim 1, comprising:
when a power supply in the lithium iron phosphate battery pack is charged, the charging is divided into a first stage charging and a second stage charging;
starting only the first charging control unit to simultaneously charge the first battery pack and the second battery pack during first-stage charging;
and when the first battery pack enters a full-charge state, entering a second stage for charging, closing the first charging control unit and starting the second charging control unit to continuously charge the second battery pack until the second battery pack enters the full-charge state.
7. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack voltage equalization method of claim 6, further comprising:
detecting the current value I of the normal consumption of the first battery pack when the lithium iron phosphate battery pack discharges a And the current value I additionally consumed by the second battery pack b ；
Calculating extra power consumption according to current integration method
Figure FDA0003850456980000022
Normal consumption of electricity
Figure FDA0003850456980000023
Wherein T is a time point within the time length 0-T corresponding to the consumed electric quantity;
the residual capacity of the power supply when consuming electric energy
Figure FDA0003850456980000024
Residual capacity when recharging electric energy to the power supply
Figure FDA0003850456980000025
The residual capacity of the power supply during the first stage charging
Figure FDA0003850456980000031
The residual capacity of the power supply during the second stage charging
Figure FDA0003850456980000032
When the power supply is in a long-time low-current running state and the difference value between the SOC value corresponding to the open-circuit voltage value OCV and the current integral calculation SOC is more than or equal to 10%, triggering the calculation of the OCV correction SOC;
during the charging process, the recorded extra consumption electric quantity Q b1 And additional supplementary electric quantity Q in charging b2 And comparing, and triggering SOC correction when the difference value between the two values is more than or equal to 5%.
8. The lithium iron phosphate battery pack voltage equalization method of claim 6, further comprising:
the power supply is formed by connecting n lead-acid batteries in series;
in the charging process, recording the charging quantity Q1 to Qn of each lead-acid battery cell and the corresponding cell voltage values U1 to Un, establishing an array list, and recording the state values according to the array list;
and when the power supply is in a full charge state, calculating balanced discharge quantities Q1 'to Qn', and releasing redundant electric quantity through passive balance to correct the cell voltage balance value.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method according to any of claims 6 to 8 are implemented when the computer program is executed by the processor.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method of any one of claims 6 to 8.
CN202211131170.4A 2022-09-16 2022-09-16 Lithium iron phosphate battery pack, voltage equalization method thereof, vehicle and storage medium Pending CN115514043A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117559614A (en) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 西安奇点能源股份有限公司 Charging and discharging balance control method for serial battery PACK

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117559614A (en) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 西安奇点能源股份有限公司 Charging and discharging balance control method for serial battery PACK
CN117559614B (en) * 2024-01-11 2024-04-02 西安奇点能源股份有限公司 Charging and discharging balance control method for serial battery PACK

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