CN115509293A - Sonar transmitting power regulation and control circuit, system and control method - Google Patents
Sonar transmitting power regulation and control circuit, system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115509293A CN115509293A CN202211123889.3A CN202211123889A CN115509293A CN 115509293 A CN115509293 A CN 115509293A CN 202211123889 A CN202211123889 A CN 202211123889A CN 115509293 A CN115509293 A CN 115509293A
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- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sonar emission power regulation and control circuit, a system and a control method, which comprise a charge and discharge management module, a voltage acquisition circuit, a power-down holding backup power supply, an FPGA signal generation module, a charge switch, a charge current-limiting resistor, a discharge switch, an energy storage capacitor bank and a power amplification module, wherein the charge switch, the charge current-limiting switch and the energy storage capacitor bank are in series connection, the charge current-limiting resistor is connected with the charge current-limiting switch in parallel, the discharge switch is connected with the energy storage capacitor bank, the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the energy storage capacitor bank and the charge and discharge management module, the FPGA signal generation module provides an emission enabling signal for the charge and discharge management module and provides an emission signal for the power amplification module, and the charge and discharge management module controls the size of electric energy stored and released by the energy storage capacitor bank according to an upper computer power regulation instruction. The invention effectively increases the adjustable range of output electric power and transmitting sound power and improves the transmitting efficiency under the condition of not reducing the sonar distance resolution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sonar electronic systems, and particularly relates to a sonar emission power regulating and controlling circuit, system and control method.
Background
A sonar is equipment for executing underwater observation and detection tasks based on an underwater acoustic technology, and plays an important role in the fields of anti-frogman invasion, underwater vehicle monitoring, offshore monitoring protection and the like. In the process of executing tasks such as underwater security and protection, the transmitting power of the sonar is generally required to be correspondingly adjusted according to different detection distances, so that better detection effects can be obtained for targets at different distances in different scenes, and the transmitting power of the sonar is required to be output in an adjustable manner.
In order to solve the above problems, in the prior art, the emitted sound power is mostly adjusted by adjusting the pulse width or duty ratio of the excitation signal of the emitting transducer, so as to change the detection distance of the sonar. Although a larger power regulation range can be obtained by adopting a mode of adjusting the pulse width, the pulse width power regulation not only influences the frame rate and the distance resolution of sonar imaging, but also increases the complexity of pulse modulation and demodulation; the mode of adjusting the duty ratio of the transmitted signal is adopted, so that the power adjustable range is smaller, the transmitting efficiency of the transmitter is reduced, and the sonar is difficult to adapt to more scene requirements.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
In order to solve the defects and defects of the prior art, the inventor provides a technical scheme through research and development design, realizes the wide-range continuous adjustment of sonar emission power by adopting an energy storage capacitor rapid charging and discharging control technology, and concretely, the invention is realized as follows:
a sonar transmit power regulation circuit, comprising: the charging switch, the current-limiting switch that charges, the current-limiting resistor that charges, discharge switch, energy storage capacitor group and power amplifier module, wherein, the switch that charges inserts high voltage direct current, the switch that charges and the current-limiting switch series connection of charging, the current-limiting resistor that charges connects in parallel on the current-limiting switch that charges, the current-limiting switch output that charges is connected with the positive pole of energy storage capacitor group, constitutes the charge control circuit of energy storage capacitor group, the positive side of energy storage capacitor group is connected with discharge switch, and the discharge switch output is connected to the ground end, constitutes the discharge control circuit of energy storage capacitor group, and charge switch, the current-limiting switch that charges and discharge switch homoenergetic receive enable signal separately in order to carry out on-off control, and energy storage capacitor group can be to the power amplifier module output of discharging, and the power amplifier module carries out power amplification to sonar transmission signal.
Furthermore, the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch have the same topological structure and respectively comprise two MOS tubes, a boost conversion module and a resistance-capacitance device, wherein one MOS tube is connected with the anode of the input end of the boost conversion module, the anode of the output end of the boost conversion module is connected with the other MOS tube, when an enable signal is at a low level, the switching circuit is closed, otherwise, the switching circuit is switched off; the discharge switch comprises a discharge current-limiting resistor, a triode, a diode, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and two resistors, wherein the discharge current-limiting resistor is formed by connecting a plurality of power resistors in series; a collector of the triode is connected to a high-voltage end through a first resistor, an emitter of the triode is connected with a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and a base of the triode is connected to a switch enabling signal output by the charge and discharge management module through a second resistor; when the enable signal is at high level, the discharge switch is turned off; otherwise, the discharge switch is closed. The circuit is also connected with a power-down retention backup power supply, the power-down retention backup power supply comprises three diodes, a resistor, a self-recovery fuse and a super capacitor, wherein the first diode is positioned in the main loop, the anode of the first diode is connected with the input of the direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the self-recovery fuse; the second diode is positioned in the bypass, the anode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected with the resistor, the resistor is connected with the anode of the super capacitor and the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode, and the cathode of the super capacitor is connected with GND.
On the other hand of the invention, a sonar emission power regulation and control system is disclosed, which comprises the sonar emission power regulation and control circuit and further comprises: charge and discharge management module, voltage acquisition circuit, FPGA signal generation module, wherein: the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the positive electrode side of the energy storage capacitor bank, and the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with an ADC port of the charge-discharge management module; the charging and discharging management module is connected with the voltage acquisition circuit, can read the acquired voltage value signal in real time, carries out negative feedback logic judgment according to a transmitting power regulation instruction sent by the upper computer, and controls the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor bank by sending a switch enabling signal to the charging switch, the charging current limiting switch and the discharging switch; FPGA signal generation module links to each other with charge-discharge management module and power amplifier module, can send transmission enable signal to charge-discharge management module, simultaneously to power amplifier module output sonar emission signal, power amplifier module carries out power amplification to the emission signal, carries out quick charge-discharge by energy storage capacitor group and satisfies power amplifier module's instantaneous high power demand to drive transmission transducer load.
The voltage acquisition circuit includes bleeder circuit, preceding stage operational amplifier, accurate linear opto-coupler and voltage follower, bleeder circuit adopts two series resistance will be the ADC input voltage scope by the high voltage partial pressure output of gathering, inputs preceding stage operational amplifier's in-phase input after the partial pressure, and linear opto-coupler's input photodiode is connected to preceding stage operational amplifier's output, and linear opto-coupler's feedback photodiode connects the inverting input of preceding stage operational amplifier, and output photodiode connects the voltage follower, the output connection of voltage follower ADC interface in the charge-discharge management module.
The charging and discharging management module sets a full charging voltage threshold and a discharging voltage drop threshold of the energy storage capacitor bank according to a received transmitting power adjusting instruction sent by an upper computer, reads acquired voltage value signals in real time, compares the acquired voltage value signals with the full charging voltage threshold if the charging state is adopted, controls the charging switch and the charging current limiting switch to perform charging energy storage adjustment and control, compares the acquired voltage value signals with the discharging voltage drop threshold if the charging state is adopted, and controls the discharging and energy releasing process by controlling the on-off of the discharging switch so as to meet different transmitting power output requirements.
The energy storage capacitor bank can be used for charging and storing energy when the sonar transmitter is idle, and discharging and releasing energy when the transmitter is in a transmitting state; the charge and discharge management module can control the terminal voltage charged by the energy storage capacitor bank to be any value within the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the withstand voltage value through voltage negative feedback control so as to increase the power regulation range, when the energy storage capacitor bank discharges and outputs to the power amplifier module, the allowed voltage drop is kept stable within the range of the voltage drop threshold value, the power amplifier module is regulated and controlled to provide continuously adjustable transmitting electric power for the transmitter, and the transmitting sound source level of the sonar transmitting transducer can be adjusted so as to realize the adjustment of the sonar detection distance.
The invention also discloses a sonar emission power regulation and control method, which comprises the following steps:
and 3, if the charging state is normal and indicates that the charging of the energy storage capacitor bank is finished, disconnecting the charging loop: turning off the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch;
if the charging state is monitored to be abnormal, interrupting to inquire whether the system is powered down or not, if the system is powered down, automatically switching the system to a power down maintaining backup power supply for short-term power supply, performing power down protection, and feeding back the power down to an upper computer;
and 5, monitoring the discharge voltage to judge whether the discharge is finished or not, finishing the discharge if the discharge voltage drop exceeds a threshold value, and entering a new round of charge and discharge process.
The charging voltage is adjusted according to the emission power control instruction, so that the charging voltage has the adjustable output capacity of instantaneous emission power, and the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor is calculated according to the formula
In the formula, C is the total capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor bank, P is the emission power of the transmitter, tau is the maximum pulse width of the emission signal, and U 1 For the energy-storage capacitor terminal voltage before firing, U 2 The voltage value of the end voltage of the energy storage capacitor before emission minus the saturation voltage drop of the power amplifier is U 1 And U 2 Controlled by the charging and discharging management module.
Adjusting sonar detection distance:
the output electric power is adjusted, so that the emission sound source level of the sonar emission transducer can be adjusted, and the sonar detection distance can be adjusted;
the emitting sound source level calculation formula is as follows:
SL＝20lgU is effective +S V
Where SL is the transmitting sound source level of the transmitting transducer, S V For the transmitting voltage response of the transmitting transducer, U Is effective Is the effective value of the excitation voltage signal of the transmitting transducer.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are introduced as follows: in the circuit, a charging switch is connected with a charging current-limiting switch in series, a charging current-limiting resistor is connected on the charging current-limiting switch in parallel, the output end of the charging current-limiting switch is connected with the anode of an energy storage capacitor bank to form a charging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank, the anode side of the energy storage capacitor bank is connected with a discharging switch, the output end of the discharging switch is connected to the ground end to form a discharging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank, the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor bank is subjected to feedback control by a charging and discharging management module and a voltage acquisition circuit, the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the anode side of the energy storage capacitor bank, the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with an ADC (analog to digital converter) port of the charging and discharging management module, the charging and discharging management module reads acquired voltage value signals in real time and carries out negative feedback logic judgment according to a transmitting power adjusting instruction sent by a host computer, the charging and discharging processes of the energy storage capacitor bank are controlled by sending switch enabling signals to the charging switch, so as to realize continuously adjustable power control, an FPGA signal generation module sends transmitting enabling signals to a power amplification module, and a sonar signal to a power amplification module to meet the requirements of a power amplifier, so as to drive a load to be amplified; according to the transmitting power regulating instruction, setting a voltage threshold value of the energy storage capacitor when the energy storage capacitor is fully charged, and then controlling a charging loop of the energy storage capacitor group to be closed: the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch are closed, the charging current-limiting resistor is in short circuit, the energy storage capacitor bank enters a fast charging mode, when the charging voltage is monitored to be close to or reach a full-charging voltage threshold value, the charging current-limiting switch is disconnected, the charging current-limiting resistor is connected, a trickle slow charging mode is entered, and the charging voltage is finely regulated until the charging voltage is stabilized at the threshold value; according to the transmitted power adjustment instruction that the host computer sent, the charge-discharge management module controls the terminal voltage after energy storage capacitor group charges at any value within the interval of 0-200V through voltage negative feedback control, when energy storage capacitor group discharges to the power amplifier module and outputs, keep the voltage drop of allowwing to stabilize within 5% attenuation range, through the electric power of regulation and control power amplifier module output, the transmission sound source level of adjustable sonar emission transducer to realize the regulation to sonar detection distance. In common technologies, a technical scheme of driving a power amplifier by charging and discharging an energy storage capacitor is only used for providing fixed instantaneous high-power output capability, and is not used for performing wide-range output power regulation, but conventional technical schemes such as pulse width power regulation or duty ratio power regulation can realize power regulation within a certain range, but have the problems of small power regulation range, low efficiency, high control complexity and the like. According to the invention, through the sonar emission power regulation and control circuit, continuous adjustable output in a section of interval can be realized, and regulation and control of changing sound source level can be realized so as to detect target effects in different distances.
The sonar transmitting power regulating and controlling circuit provided by the invention adopts an energy storage capacitor rapid charging and discharging control technology, can control the size of electric energy stored and released by an energy storage component according to the power regulating instruction of an upper computer, realizes wide-range continuous regulation of output electric power, further realizes regulation and control of the transmitting sound source level of a sonar transmitting transducer, and has the advantages of high transmitting efficiency, wide power regulating range and the like; the charge and discharge management module adopts a backup power supply based on a super capacitor to supply power to the MCU, so that the charge and discharge management module can still keep transient normal work under the condition of accidental power failure, and can timely perform emergency treatment, troubleshooting and recording stored data; the invention meets the design requirement of low cost, does not use special capacitor charge-discharge management chips, storage battery energy storage and other high-cost solutions, adopts super capacitor energy storage, has the advantages of high energy density, high charge-discharge speed, multiple charge-discharge times, long service life, low cost and the like, and meets the design requirement of safety, stability and high efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a sonar emission power regulation circuit topology according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the charging switch and charging current limit switch circuit shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the discharge switch circuit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the power down retention backup power circuit depicted in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the voltage acquisition circuit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a sonar emission power control circuit control method according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following detailed description. It should be understood that the description is intended to be exemplary only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
Example 1: sonar transmitting power regulation and control circuit
The method comprises the following steps: the energy storage capacitor bank comprises a charging switch, a charging current-limiting resistor, a discharging switch, an energy storage capacitor bank and a power amplification module, wherein the charging switch is connected with high-voltage direct current, the charging switch is connected with the charging current-limiting switch in series, the charging current-limiting resistor is connected on the charging current-limiting switch in parallel, the output end of the charging current-limiting switch is connected with the anode of the energy storage capacitor bank to form a charging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank, the anode side of the energy storage capacitor bank is connected with the discharging switch, the output end of the discharging switch is connected to the ground end to form a discharging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank, the charging switch, the charging current-limiting switch and the discharging switch can receive enabling signals to perform on-off control, the energy storage capacitor bank can discharge and output to the power amplification module, and the power amplification module performs power amplification on sonar emission signals to drive a transducer load;
the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch have the same topological structure and are composed of two MOS tubes, a DC/DC boost conversion module and a very small amount of resistance-capacitance devices. The first MOS tube is connected with the anode of the input end of the DC/DC boost conversion module, the anode of the output end of the boost conversion module is connected with the second MOS tube, the on-off state of the switch circuit is controlled by a switch enabling signal output by the charge-discharge management module, when the enabling signal is in a low level, the first MOS tube is conducted, the DC/DC boost conversion module converts the output to drive the second MOS tube to be conducted, and therefore the switch circuit is closed; otherwise, the switching circuit is switched off, the switching circuit realizes the isolation control of the low-voltage control signal on the high-voltage direct current load through the DC/DC boost conversion module, has the characteristic of simple and compact circuit structure, and can improve the safety and reliability of the system.
Preferably, the discharge switch is composed of a discharge current-limiting resistor, a triode, a diode, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and two resistors. The discharge current-limiting resistor is formed by connecting a plurality of power resistors in series, one end of the discharge current-limiting resistor is connected with the energy storage capacitor bank, the other end of the discharge current-limiting resistor is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the DC200V-, and the grid electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the collector electrode of the triode; and the collector of the triode is connected to the high-voltage end through a first resistor, the emitter of the triode is connected with the source of the NMOS tube, and the base of the triode is connected to a switch enabling signal output by the charge and discharge management module through a second resistor. When the enable signal is in a high level, the triode is conducted, the grid electrode of the NMOS tube is pulled to a low level, the NMOS tube is cut off, and the discharge switch is turned off; otherwise, the discharge switch is closed, and the energy storage capacitor bank discharges through the discharge current limiting resistor.
Preferably, the energy storage capacitor bank is formed by connecting a plurality of super capacitors in parallel.
Example 2: sonar emission power regulation and control system
The method comprises the following steps: the power supply comprises a charge and discharge management module, a voltage acquisition circuit, a power-down holding backup power supply, an FPGA signal generation module, a charge switch, a charge current-limiting resistor, a discharge switch, an energy storage capacitor bank and a power amplifier module.
The charging switch 5 is connected in series with the charging current-limiting switch 6, the charging current-limiting resistor 7 is connected in parallel to the charging current-limiting switch 6, the output end of the charging current-limiting switch is connected with the positive electrode of the energy storage capacitor bank to form a charging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank, the positive side of the energy storage capacitor bank is connected with the discharging switch 8, the output end of the discharging switch 8 is connected to the ground end to form a discharging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank, the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor bank is subjected to feedback control through the charging and discharging management module and the voltage acquisition circuit, the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the positive side of the energy storage capacitor bank, the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with an ADC (analog to digital converter) port of the charging and discharging management module, the charging and discharging management module reads acquired voltage value signals in real time, negative feedback logic judgment is carried out according to a transmitting power adjusting instruction sent by an upper computer, and the charging, the charging current-limiting switch and the discharging switch send switch enabling signals to control the charging and the discharging process of the energy storage capacitor bank.
FPGA signal generation module sends transmission enable signal to charge and discharge management module, exports sonar transmit signal to power amplifier module simultaneously, carries out power amplification to the transmit signal by power amplifier module, carries out quick charge-discharge by energy storage capacitor group and satisfies power amplifier module's power demand to drive transmission transducer load.
In order to improve the safety and stability of the sonar emission power regulation and control circuit, a power-down retention backup power supply is adopted to carry out power-down protection on the charge and discharge management module, so that the charge and discharge management module can carry out emergency treatment when the system is powered down.
Preferably, the power-down retention backup power supply only consists of three diodes, a resistor, a self-recovery fuse and a super capacitor. The first diode is positioned in the main loop, the anode of the first diode is connected with the DC5V input end, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the self-recovery fuse; the second diode is positioned in the bypass, the anode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected with the resistor, the resistor is connected with the anode of the super capacitor and the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode, and the cathode of the super capacitor is connected with GND. When the power supply works normally, the DC5V keeps the main loop of the backup power supply to supply power to the charging and discharging management module through power failure, and simultaneously charges the super capacitor, and when the system is in power failure, the super capacitor immediately supplies power to the charging and discharging management module for a short time through bypass discharging, so that the system finishes power failure protection.
Preferably, the charge and discharge monitoring circuit adopts precise linear optical coupler isolation sampling and consists of a voltage division circuit, a preceding stage operational amplifier, a precise linear optical coupler and a voltage follower. The voltage division circuit adopts two series resistors to divide the acquired high voltage into a range of 0-2.5V, the divided voltage is input to the in-phase input end of the pre-operational amplifier, the output end of the pre-operational amplifier is connected with the input photodiode of the linear optocoupler, the feedback photodiode of the linear optocoupler is connected with the reverse phase input end of the pre-operational amplifier, the output photodiode is connected with the voltage follower, and the output of the voltage follower is connected with an ADC (analog to digital converter) interface in the charge-discharge management module. The charge and discharge monitoring circuit has the advantages of voltage isolation, high sampling precision, low cost, high stability and the like.
Example 3: control method of sonar emission power regulation and control circuit
Referring to fig. 1, the sonar emission power control circuit provided in this embodiment includes: the power-down protection circuit comprises a charge and discharge management module 1, a voltage acquisition circuit 2, a power-down keeping backup power supply 3, an FPGA signal generation module 4, a charge switch 5, a charge current-limiting switch 6, a charge current-limiting resistor 7, a discharge switch 8, an energy storage capacitor bank 9 and a power amplifier module 10.
The charging switch 5 is connected in series with the charging current-limiting switch 6, the charging current-limiting resistor 7 is connected in parallel to the charging current-limiting switch 6, the output end of the charging current-limiting switch 6 is connected with the anode of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 to form a charging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank 9, the anode side of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 is connected with the discharging switch 8, the output end of the discharging switch 8 is connected to the ground end to form a discharging control loop of the energy storage capacitor bank 9, the charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 is subjected to feedback control through the charging and discharging management module 1 and the voltage acquisition circuit 2, the voltage acquisition circuit 2 acquires the charging and discharging voltage value of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 in real time, the charging and discharging management module 1 reads the acquired voltage value signal and performs negative feedback logic judgment according to a transmitting power regulation instruction sent by an upper computer, and the charging and discharging processes of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 are controlled by respectively sending switch enabling signals SwitchEn1, switchEn2 and SwitchEn3 to the charging switch 5, the charging current-limiting switch 6 and the discharging switch 8.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the charging switch 5 and the charging current limiting switch 6 according to a preferred embodiment. The switching circuit only needs two MOS tubes DV30 and DV31, a DC5V/DC12V boost conversion module PW30 and a very small amount of resistance-capacitance devices, the working voltage of the switching circuit is DC5V, the MOS tube DV30 is connected to the anode of the input end of the boost conversion module PW30, the on-off state of the DV30 is controlled by a switching signal switchEn output by the charge-discharge management module 1, the output end of the boost conversion module PW30 is connected with the DV31, when the switchEn signal is at a low level, the DV30 is conducted, the boost conversion module PW30 converts and outputs 12V, the MOS tube DV31 is conducted, and therefore the Out + and the Out-of the switching circuit are closed; otherwise, the switch circuit is turned off.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the discharge switch 8 according to a preferred embodiment. The discharge switch is composed of a discharge current limiting resistor R70, a triode Q71, a diode D70, an NMOS tube Q70, resistors R71 and R72. The discharging current-limiting resistor R70 is formed by connecting a plurality of power resistors in series, one end of the discharging current-limiting resistor R70 is connected with the energy storage capacitor bank 9, the other end of the discharging current-limiting resistor R70 is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q70, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Q70 is connected with the high-voltage direct-current ground, and the grid electrode of the NMOS tube Q70 is connected with the collector electrode of the triode Q71; the collector of the triode Q71 is connected to the high voltage end of the transistor R70 through the resistor R71, the emitter is connected to the source of the NMOS transistor Q70, and the base is connected to the switch enable signal output by the charge and discharge management module 1 through the resistor R72. When the enable signal is at a high level, the triode Q71 is turned on, the gate of the NMOS transistor Q70 is pulled to a low level, the NMOS transistor Q70 is turned off, and the discharge switch 8 is turned off; otherwise, the discharging switch 8 is closed, and the energy storage capacitor bank 9 discharges through the discharging current limiting resistor R70.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the power down retention backup power supply 3 circuit described above. The power-down retention backup power supply only comprises three diodes D10, D11 and D12, a resistor R10, a self-recovery fuse F10 and a 5F super capacitor C10. The diode D10 is positioned in the main loop, the anode of the diode D10 is connected with the DC5V power supply input, and the cathode of the diode D10 is connected with the self-recovery fuse F10; the diode D11 is positioned in the bypass, the anode of the diode D11 is connected with the anode of the D10, the cathode of the diode D11 is connected with the resistor R10, the resistor R10 is connected with the anode of the super capacitor C10 and the anode of the diode D12, the cathode of the diode D12 is connected with the cathode of the diode D10, and the cathode of the super capacitor C10 is connected with GND. When the sonar power supply normally works, the DC5V keeps the main loop of the backup power supply to supply power to the charging and discharging management module 1 through power failure, and simultaneously charges the 5F super capacitor C10, when the system is powered down, the super capacitor C10 immediately discharges through a bypass to supply power for a short time to the charging and discharging management module 1, so that the system finishes power failure protection.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the voltage acquisition circuit 2 according to a preferred embodiment. The voltage acquisition circuit 2 adopts a precise linear optical coupler to carry out isolation sampling and mainly comprises voltage dividing resistors R50 and R51, a preceding operational amplifier U50, the precise linear optical coupler U51 and a voltage follower U52. The voltage dividing resistors R50 and R51 are connected in series to divide the acquired high voltage into a range of 0-2.5V, the divided voltage is input to the in-phase input end of the pre-stage operational amplifier U50, the output end of the pre-stage operational amplifier U50 is connected with the input photodiode of the linear optocoupler U51, the feedback photodiode of the linear optocoupler U51 is connected with the reverse phase input end of the pre-stage operational amplifier U50, the output photodiode is connected with the voltage follower U52, and the output of the voltage follower U52 is connected with the ADC interface of the charge-discharge management module 1. The voltage acquisition circuit has the advantages of high voltage isolation, high sampling precision, low cost, high stability and the like.
In this embodiment, sonar's emission signal is produced by FPGA signal generation module 4, carries out power amplification to sonar emission signal by power amplifier module 10 to drive emission transducer load, because sonar transmitter instantaneous emission power is great, but average power is less, need carry out quick charge-discharge by energy storage capacitor group 9 and satisfy power amplifier module 10's power demand.
The main functions of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 are: the sonar transmitter is charged and stored energy when idle, and is discharged and released energy when the transmitter is in a transmitting state. The charging and discharging voltage of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 is adjusted by the charging and discharging management module 1 according to the emission power control instruction, so that the energy storage capacitor bank has the adjustable output capacity of instantaneous emission power.
In this embodiment, the parameter design of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 includes the following steps:
(a) The capacitance value calculation formula of the energy storage capacitor is as follows:
(b) In the formula, C is the total capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor group, P is the transmitting power of the transmitter, tau is the maximum pulse width of the transmitting signal, and U 1 For storing capacitor terminal voltage before firing, U 2 The voltage value of the end voltage of the energy storage capacitor before emission minus the saturation voltage drop of the power amplifier is U 1 And U 2 Controlled by the charge and discharge management module 1. In the embodiment, the total capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor bank is calculated according to the required maximum transmitted electric power, namely, P =7500W, τ =20ms, u 1 =200V, the discharge voltage drop of the capacitor is controlled within 5%, U 2 =190V, the required capacitance value of the capacitor C =76923 μ F;
(c) According to the calculation, the energy storage capacitor bank 9 is formed by connecting 43 super capacitors with the nominal capacitance value of 1800 muF and the withstand voltage value of 250V in parallel.
The charging and discharging management module 1 adopts one C8051F410 as a main control chip, mainly completes tasks such as communication processing, energy storage capacitor bank charging and discharging control, voltage acquisition feedback and the like, and in order to improve the safety and stability of a sonar system, a power-down maintaining backup power supply 3 carries out power-down protection on the charging and discharging management module 1.
According to a transmitting power adjusting instruction sent by an upper computer, the charging and discharging management module 1 controls the terminal voltage of the energy storage capacitor bank after charging to be any value within the range of 0-200V through voltage negative feedback control, when the energy storage capacitor bank 9 discharges and outputs to the power amplification module 10, the allowed voltage drop is kept stable within the attenuation range of 5%, and then the discharging formula is carried out according to the energy storage capacitor:
theoretically, the transmission power regulating circuit provided by the embodiment can provide the transmission electric power of 0W to 7546.5W continuously adjustable for the transmitter. Furthermore, the transmitting sound source level of the sonar transmitting transducer can be adjusted by regulating and controlling the electric power output by the power amplifier module 10, so that the sonar detection distance can be adjusted.
Emission sound source level calculation formula: SL =20lgU Is effective +S V (3)
Where SL is the transmitting sound source level of the transmitting transducer, S V For the transmit voltage response of the transmit transducer, S in this embodiment V ＝167，U Is effective In order to obtain the effective value of the excitation voltage signal of the transmitting transducer, in this embodiment, the transmitting signal is a square wave signal with equal amplitude and opposite phase, the transformer with the transformation ratio of 2 couples the ac power output by the power amplification module 10 with the transmitting signal and realizes the step-up output to drive the load of the transmitting transducer, so U is Is effective ＝2U 1 。
According to the formula (3), the adjustable range of the transmitting sound source level of the transmitting transducer is up to 52dB, so the invention has the remarkable advantage of large adjustable range of transmitting electric power and sound power.
Referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, a flow of a control method for adjusting sonar output electric power and a transmission sound source level by using a sonar transmission power adjusting and controlling circuit to provide four transmission electric powers of full power, 1/2 power, 1/4 power, and 1/8 power to a sonar transducer is described as an example:
s1: the charging and discharging management module 1 receives a transmitting power adjusting instruction sent by an upper computer, analyzes the instruction and starts DC200V high-voltage direct current input.
S2: setting a voltage threshold U of the energy storage capacitor for full charge according to the output power instruction 1 For example, if full power output is desired, then U is set 1 =200V; if 1/2 power output, then set U 1 =141V; if 1/4 power output, then set U 1 =100V; if 1/8 power output, then set U 1 =71V, then controls the charging control loop to close: the charging switch 5 and the charging current-limiting switch 6 are closed, the charging current-limiting resistor 7 is in short circuit, the discharging switch 8 is disconnected, the energy storage capacitor bank 9 enters a quick charging state, meanwhile, the charging and discharging management module 1 starts the analog-to-digital converter ADC0 and the timer TIME0, and charging voltage and charging TIME are monitored in real TIME.
S3: when the charging voltage is monitored to be approximately 95% 1 Then the charging current-limiting switch 6 is switched off, the charging current-limiting resistor 7 is switched in, trickle slow charging is carried out, and the charging voltage is finely regulated until the charging voltage is stabilized at U 1 A value; and then judging whether the charging state is normal or not according to the charging time, and feeding back the charging state information to the upper computer.
S4: if the charging state is normal, which indicates that the charging of the energy storage capacitor bank 9 is completed, the charging control loop is disconnected: turning off the charging switch 5 and the charging current-limiting switch 6; if the charging state is monitored to be abnormal, whether the system is powered off is interrupted, if the system is powered off, the charging and discharging management module 1 automatically switches to the power-off state to keep the backup power supply 3 powered for a short time, feeds back power-off to the upper computer, closes the sonar emission signal, and resets the system.
S5: wait for to get into the output state of discharging, when FPGA signal generation module 4 sends the transmission enable signal, the output circuit closure that discharges is controlled to charge and discharge management module 1: the charging switch 5 and the charging current-limiting switch 6 are switched off, the discharging switch 8 is switched on, and the discharging voltage is monitored in real time. As shown in table 1, which is a comparison between the output electric power of the sonar emission power control circuit and the emission sound source level of the transducer under the four output power instructions exemplified in this embodiment, it can be seen from the table that the invention realizes providing a wide-adjustable emission electric power for a sonar, thereby realizing the control of the emission sound source level.
Table 1, output electric power versus emitted sound source level.
| Instructions | Full charge voltage U 1 | Output electric power P | Emitting Sound Source level SL | |
| Full power | 200V | 7546.5 | 219dB | |
| 1/2 power | 142V | 3773.3 | 216dB | |
| 1/4 power | 100V | 1886.6 | 213dB | |
| 1/8 power | 71V | 943.3W | 210dB |
S6: the charge and discharge management module 1 judges whether or not discharge is completed based on the monitored discharge voltage, if the discharge voltage drop exceeds 5% 1 And then the discharging is finished, and a new round of charging is entered.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explaining the principles of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like which are made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Further, it is intended that the appended claims cover all such variations and modifications as fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or the equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (10)
1. A sonar emission power regulation and control circuit is characterized by comprising: the charging switch, the current-limiting switch that charges, the current-limiting resistor that charges, discharge switch, energy storage capacitor group and power amplifier module, wherein, the switch that charges inserts high voltage direct current, the switch that charges and the current-limiting switch series connection of charging, the current-limiting resistor that charges is parallelly connected on the current-limiting switch that charges, the current-limiting switch output that charges is connected with the positive pole of energy storage capacitor group, constitutes the charge control return circuit of energy storage capacitor group, the positive side of energy storage capacitor group is connected with discharge switch, and the discharge switch output is connected to the ground, constitutes the discharge control return circuit of energy storage capacitor group, and charge switch, the current-limiting switch that charges and discharge switch can receive enable signal in order to carry out on-off control separately, and energy storage capacitor group can be to the power amplifier module output of discharging, and the power amplifier module carries out power amplification to sonar transmitting signal.
2. The sonar emission power regulation and control circuit according to claim 1, wherein the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch have the same topological structure and each comprise two MOS transistors, a boost conversion module and a resistor-capacitor component, wherein one MOS transistor is connected to the positive electrode of the input end of the boost conversion module, the positive electrode of the output end of the boost conversion module is connected to the other MOS transistor, when an enable signal is at a low level, the switching circuit is closed, otherwise, the switching circuit is turned off;
the discharge switch comprises a discharge current-limiting resistor, a triode, a diode, an NMOS (N-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube and two resistors, wherein the discharge current-limiting resistor is formed by connecting a plurality of power resistors in series, one end of the discharge current-limiting resistor is connected with an energy storage capacitor bank, the other end of the discharge current-limiting resistor is connected with a drain electrode of the NMOS tube, a source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with a high-voltage direct-current ground end, and a grid electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with a collector electrode of the triode; a collector of the triode is connected to a high-voltage end through a first resistor, an emitter of the triode is connected with a source electrode of the NMOS tube, and a base of the triode is connected to a switch enabling signal output by the charge and discharge management module through a second resistor; when the enable signal is at high level, the discharge switch is turned off; otherwise, the discharge switch is closed.
3. The sonar emission power regulating circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a power-down retention backup power supply is connected to the circuit, and the power-down retention backup power supply comprises three diodes, a resistor, a self-recovery fuse and a super capacitor, wherein the first diode is located in the main loop, the anode of the first diode is connected with the input of the direct-current power supply, and the cathode of the first diode is connected with the self-recovery fuse; the second diode is positioned in the bypass, the anode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode is connected with the resistor, the resistor is connected with the anode of the super capacitor and the anode of the third diode, the cathode of the third diode is connected with the cathode of the first diode, and the cathode of the super capacitor is connected with GND.
4. A sonar emission power control system, its characterized in that includes the sonar emission power control circuit of any one of claims 1-3 to still include: charge and discharge management module, voltage acquisition circuit, FPGA signal generation module, wherein:
the input end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with the positive electrode side of the energy storage capacitor bank, and the output end of the voltage acquisition circuit is connected with an ADC port of the charge-discharge management module;
the charge and discharge management module is connected with the voltage acquisition circuit, can read acquired voltage value signals in real time, performs negative feedback logic judgment according to a transmitting power regulation instruction sent by an upper computer, and controls the charge and discharge process of the energy storage capacitor bank by sending switch enabling signals to the charge switch, the charge current limiting switch and the discharge switch;
FPGA signal generation module links to each other with charge-discharge management module and power amplifier module, can send transmission enable signal to charge-discharge management module, simultaneously to power amplifier module output sonar emission signal, power amplifier module carries out power amplification to the emission signal, carries out quick charge-discharge by energy storage capacitor group and satisfies power amplifier module's instantaneous high power demand to drive transmission transducer load.
5. The sonar emission power regulation and control system according to claim 4, wherein the voltage acquisition circuit comprises a voltage division circuit, a pre-operational amplifier, a precision linear optocoupler and a voltage follower, the voltage division circuit adopts two series resistors to divide the acquired high voltage into an ADC input voltage range, the divided high voltage is input to a non-inverting input end of the pre-operational amplifier, an output end of the pre-operational amplifier is connected with an input photodiode of the linear optocoupler, a feedback photodiode of the linear optocoupler is connected with an inverting input end of the pre-operational amplifier, an output photodiode of the linear optocoupler is connected with the voltage follower, and an output of the voltage follower is connected with an ADC interface in the charge-discharge management module.
6. The sonar emission power regulation and control system according to claim 4, wherein the charge and discharge management module sets a full charge voltage threshold and a discharge voltage drop threshold of the energy storage capacitor bank according to an emission power regulation instruction received from the upper computer, reads the collected voltage value signal in real time, compares the voltage value signal with the full charge voltage threshold if the energy storage capacitor bank is in a charge state, performs charge energy storage regulation and control by controlling the charge switch and the charge current limit switch, compares the voltage value signal with the discharge voltage drop threshold if the energy storage capacitor bank is in an emission state, and controls a discharge energy release process by controlling the on-off of the discharge switch so as to meet different emission power output requirements.
7. The sonar emission power regulating and controlling system according to claim 4, wherein the energy storage capacitor bank can be charged and stored when a sonar transmitter is idle, and can be discharged and released when the transmitter is in an emission state; the charge and discharge management module can control the terminal voltage charged by the energy storage capacitor bank to be any value within the range of the upper limit and the lower limit of the withstand voltage value through voltage negative feedback control so as to increase the power regulation range, when the energy storage capacitor bank discharges and outputs to the power amplifier module, the allowed voltage drop is kept stable within the range of the voltage drop threshold value, the power amplifier module is regulated and controlled to provide continuously adjustable transmitting electric power for the transmitter, and the transmitting sound source level of the sonar transmitting transducer can be adjusted so as to realize the adjustment of the sonar detection distance.
8. A sonar emission power regulation and control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, starting high-voltage direct current input, and setting a voltage threshold value U of a fully charged energy storage capacitor according to an output power regulation instruction 1 Enabling the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch to be closed, enabling the energy storage capacitor bank to enter a quick charging mode, and simultaneously starting charging voltage and charging time monitoring;
step 2, monitoring the actual charging voltage value and comparing with the full-charge voltage threshold value U 1 Comparing, if approaching or reaching the voltage threshold U 1 Switching off the charging current-limiting switch, switching in the charging current-limiting resistor to enter a trickle slow charging mode until the charging voltage is stabilized at a threshold value, and if the charging voltage is less than the voltage threshold value U 1 Judging whether the charging state is normal or not according to the charging time, and feeding back the charging state information to the upper computer;
and 3, if the charging state is normal and the charging of the energy storage capacitor bank is finished, disconnecting the charging loop: turning off the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch;
if the charging state is monitored to be abnormal, interrupting to inquire whether the system is powered down or not, if the system is powered down, automatically switching the system to a power down keeping backup power supply for supplying power for a short time, performing power down protection, and feeding back the power down to the upper computer;
step 4, when the FPGA signal generation module sends the emission enabling signal, the charging and discharging management module controls the closing of the discharging output loop: the charging switch and the charging current-limiting switch are switched off, the discharging switch is switched on, and the discharging voltage is monitored in real time;
and 5, monitoring the discharge voltage to judge whether the discharge is finished or not, finishing the discharge if the discharge voltage drop exceeds a threshold value, and entering a new round of charge and discharge process.
9. The sonar emission power regulation and control method according to claim 8, wherein the charging voltage is adjusted according to an emission power control command, so that the sonar emission power regulation and control method has an instantaneous emission power adjustable output capability, and the capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor is calculated according to the formula
In the formula, C is the total capacitance value of the energy storage capacitor group, P is the transmitting power of the transmitter, tau is the maximum pulse width of the transmitting signal, and U 1 For storing capacitor terminal voltage before firing, U 2 The voltage value obtained by subtracting the power amplifier saturation voltage drop from the voltage of the energy storage capacitor before transmission is U 1 And U 2 Controlled by the charging and discharging management module.
10. The sonar emission power regulation and control method according to claim 9, further comprising adjusting sonar detection distance:
the emitted sound source level of the sonar emitting transducer can be adjusted by adjusting the output electric power so as to realize the adjustment of the sonar detection distance;
the emitting sound source level calculation formula is as follows:
SL＝20lgU is effective +S V
Where SL is the transmitting sound source level of the transmitting transducer, S V For the transmitting voltage response of the transmitting transducer, U Is effective Is the effective value of the excitation voltage signal of the transmitting transducer.
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