CN115508404A - Single-variable control test method for field natural icing - Google Patents
Single-variable control test method for field natural icing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a single variable control test method for field natural icing, which comprises the following steps: determining a single variable to be controlled in a field natural icing experiment, and determining the minimum effective data group number P according to the control requirement of the field natural icing experiment on the single variable; arranging an experiment test piece; arranging N rotating cylindrical ice collectors in the same experimental environment; controlling the duration of each experiment to be T; recording the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T; removing ice layers on natural field experiment test pieces and N rotary cylindrical ice collectors; repeating at least G times; selecting R groups of data from G experiments, wherein if the average value of the icing mass in the R groups of data is equal or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is within 10%, the R groups of data are effective experimental data; the technical problems that a natural icing single variable control test is difficult to develop in the field at present and the like are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of field natural icing tests, and particularly relates to a field natural icing single variable control test method.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of economy in China, energy equipment such as power grids, high-speed rails, airplanes and wind driven generators and the like develops rapidly. Meanwhile, global warming, frequent extreme weather and ice and snow cover become important factors threatening the safety of energy equipment. The ice coating problem of energy equipment is widely concerned by students.
The development of a field natural icing experiment is an effective means for researching the icing problem of the energy equipment, has high fitting degree with the actual working process of the energy equipment in winter, and has important significance. However, different from laboratory experiments, experimental conditions such as wind speed, temperature, liquid water content, and supercooled water drop statistical median diameter related to field natural icing experimental conditions are difficult to control manually, so that single variable control experiments are often completed in laboratories and are difficult to realize in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method is used for solving the technical problems that experimental conditions such as wind speed, temperature, liquid water content, supercooling water drop statistical median diameter and the like related to the experimental conditions of the wild natural icing are difficult to realize manual control, the natural icing single variable control experiment is difficult to develop in the field at present, and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a field natural icing single variable control test method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a single variable required to be controlled by a field natural icing experiment, and determining the minimum effective data group number P according to the control requirement of the field natural icing experiment on the single variable;
step 2, arranging experimental test pieces;
step 3, arranging N rotary cylinder ice collectors in the same experimental environment;
step 4, controlling the duration of each experiment to be T;
step 5, recording the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T;
step 7, repeating the steps 2 to 6 for at least G times, wherein G is more than or equal to P;
and 8, after the experiment is finished, selecting R groups of data groups from G experiments, wherein if the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors obtained in the step 5 in the R groups of data groups is equal or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is within 10%, the R groups of data groups are effective experimental data meeting the requirement of single variable control of the field natural icing.
The minimum number of valid data sets P refers to the control requirement of a single variable by experiment, and is determined by an arithmetic difference or equal ratio method between the minimum value and the maximum value of the variable.
The number of N is 4-5.
Arranging N rotating cylindrical ice collectors in the same experimental environment, wherein the altitude is the same as the actual geographic position of the experiment; n rotatory cylinder ice accretion ware is fixed in the experiment place and the same position of experiment test piece ground clearance, and keeps sufficient distance that does not influence each other with the experiment test piece on the horizontal distance.
T value is 1 hour to 2 hours; the value of T, once selected, remains consistent until the end of the experiment.
The average value of the ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinder ice collectors in the time T is the total ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinders divided by N.
P≤R≤G。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, N rotating cylinders are arranged in the same experiment environment of the test piece of the field natural icing experiment, the duration time of each experiment is kept to be T, and the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylinders in the time T is recorded. After the experiment is finished, the data group in the experimental data group, in which the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylinders within the time T is equal or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is within 10%, is the effective data of the field natural single variable control icing experiment which is not influenced by the change of atmospheric environment parameters.
According to the method, effective data which are in accordance with the single variable control icing experiment are selected based on the average value of the icing quality within the time T of N rotating cylinders, and the problem that the single variable control icing experiment is difficult to develop in a field natural environment is solved.
The invention solves the technical problems that the experimental conditions of wind speed, temperature, liquid water content, supercooling water drop statistical median diameter and the like related to the experimental conditions of the field natural icing are difficult to realize manual control, and the single variable control test of the natural icing is difficult to develop in the field at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A field natural icing single variable control test method is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a single variable required to be controlled by a field natural icing experiment, and determining the minimum effective data group number P according to the control requirement of the field natural icing experiment on the single variable;
the single variable required to be controlled in the field natural icing experiment comprises but is not limited to the characteristics of the experimental test piece, including but not limited to the diameter, the length and the type of a lead; the length, width, material and the like of the airplane and the fan blade, and other experimental conditions applied to the experimental test piece, including but not limited to voltage, current, type and thickness of the fan and fan blade coating paint and the like.
The minimum number of valid data sets P refers to the control requirement of a single variable by experiment, including but not limited to, by the method of equal difference or equal ratio between the minimum and maximum values of the variable.
In the experiment of the controlled variable method, assuming that there are a independent variables, usually, the values of a-1 independent variables are fixed, only the remaining unique independent variable is changed, and the series of dependent variables generated thereby are analyzed, thereby obtaining the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, and analyzing the influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable, and the like. For the purpose of analysis, the independent variable is gradually changed from the initial value to the final value, and an increasing or decreasing change process is usually present, and the common form is an arithmetic or geometric progression, so that the P value is determined by an arithmetic or geometric method between the minimum value and the maximum value of the variable.
Step 2, arranging experimental test pieces;
the arrangement of the experimental test piece is that a proper field icing experimental site is selected, and the experimental test piece is arranged on the experimental site according to experimental requirements.
Step 3, arranging N rotary cylinder ice collectors in the same experimental environment;
the same experiment environment refers to that the altitude is the same as the actual geographical position of experiment, and further, N rotatory cylinder ice accretion ware is fixed in the experiment place and the same position of experiment test piece ground clearance, and keep sufficient, the distance that does not influence each other with the experiment test piece on the horizontal distance.
N is at least 1, because the accumulation of the ice coating mass of the rotating cylinder is the basis of final judgment. And thus at least one. The number of N is increased, errors can be reduced by means of averaging, the result is more scientific and accurate, and the more the result is, the better the result is in principle. Usually, the number of the cells is not more than 10, and usually 4 to 5.
The N rotating cylindrical ice accretions are also kept at a sufficient, non-interacting distance from each other in horizontal distance. The length, the diameter and the rotating speed of the cylinders on the N rotating cylinder ice collectors are the same. The rotating cylinder ice collector refers to a cylinder with the bottom capable of keeping constant rotating speed, the cylinder is generally made of metal, and in an ice coating environment, after airflow flows through the surface of the cylinder, an ice layer grows on the surface of the cylinder.
The device is arranged at the same height in the same environment, so that the selected cylinder and the experimental test piece can be kept in the same ice coating environment as soon as possible, and the interference of other factors on the experimental result is reduced. A sufficient distance from the test piece horizontally is maintained in order to avoid that the test piece and the rotating cylinder interfere with each other influencing the flow of the air flow in the air. Typically, a sufficient distance not to interfere with each other is at least 1m.
Step 4, controlling the duration of each experiment to be T;
the duration of each experiment was T.
The T value is determined experimentally and is generally between 1 hour and 2 hours.
The core of the invention is that whether the icing environment changes within T time is measured by whether the average value of the icing mass increase of N rotating cylinders within T time is equal. The fixed time T is a variable that must be controlled. In each experiment, once T is selected, it needs to be consistent before the experiment is finished.
Step 5, recording the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T;
the average value of the ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinder ice collectors in the time T is the total ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinders divided by N.
and after one experiment is finished, the ice layer accumulated in the last experiment time T by the N rotary cylinders and the experiment test piece is thoroughly removed in modes of knocking, heating and the like.
7, repeating the steps two to six as much as possible during each field icing experiment, wherein G (G is more than or equal to P) times is at least;
in each natural icing period, in order to ensure that the experiment is effective, the experiment steps from two to six are repeated as many as possible, and at least G times are needed; g must satisfy: g is more than or equal to P;
and 8, after all experiments are finished, selecting R (R is not more than P and not more than G) group data group from G experiments, wherein if the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors obtained in the step 5 in the R group data group is equal or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is within 10%, the R group data group is effective experimental data meeting the single variable control of the field natural icing.
The core content of the invention is as follows: and judging whether the icing environment is changed or not according to whether the icing quality of the rotating cylinder is equal or not within a fixed time. Therefore, when the average value of the ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinders is equal to the average value of the ice coating mass of the last T time and the next T time or three T times or more, the experiments are considered to be completed under the same ice coating environment. Of course, the exact same situation is difficult to achieve in the course of practical experiments. Therefore, when data in a plurality of times T are compared together, if the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the mass average value of the ice coating of the N rotating cylinders is within 10%, the difference between the maximum value and all the rest values is less than 10%, then the experimental data in the times T are considered to be completed under the same ice coating environment. The 10% selection is due to engineering applications, which allow for 10% experimental error.
In the icing environment, after the rotating speed keeps a certain length and diameter of the cylinder, the icing quality of the surface of the cylinder is only related to the icing environment and the icing time. Further, the retention time is the same, it is only relevant to the icing environment. Because in the field, four parameters related to the icing environment are under the condition that manual control cannot be carried out and manual measurement is difficult, whether the icing environment has differences is judged by judging whether the icing quality of the rotating cylinders with the same rotating speed, diameter and length is the same within a certain time. Therefore, a large number of experiments are carried out during the ice coating period, and finally, the experiment groups with the same ice coating environment are selected by taking the fact that the ice coating quality is equal or only differs by 10% in the rotating cylinder time T as a criterion.
After all experiments are finished, R group data groups are selected from experimental data obtained by G experiments to be effective experimental data meeting the field natural icing single variable control;
r must satisfy: r is more than or equal to P and less than or equal to G;
the conditions that the R group data group selected from the experimental data obtained from the G experiments is an effective data group and needs to meet are as follows: in the R groups of data groups, the average value of the ice coating quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors obtained in the step five is equal or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is within 10%. Say that
The following description specifically describes the present invention by taking the effect of surface electric field strength of the conductor on the icing of LGJ-150/25 conductor as an example, including the following steps:
s1, determining a single variable required to be controlled in a field natural icing experiment, and determining the minimum effective data group number P according to the control requirement of the experiment on the single variable;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: according to the experimental requirements, the single control variable of the experiment is the surface electric field intensity of the wire, starting from 0kV/cm to 25kV/cm, and the minimum effective data group number P is determined to be 6 by 5kV/cm arithmetic. Therefore, in this embodiment, the loading of the electric field strength on the surface of the conductive wire is respectively: 0kV/cm, 5kV/cm, 10kV/cm, 15kV/cm, 20kV/cm, and 25kV/cm.
S2, arranging an experimental test piece;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: according to the experimental requirements, in a safe national field scientific observation and research station of snow mountain energy equipment of Chongqing university or other places suitable for developing field natural icing experiments, an LGJ-150/25 conducting wire is hung at one meter above the ground, and an experimental power supply is connected to the conducting wire.
S3, arranging N rotating cylindrical ice collectors in the same experimental environment;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the same as S2, in a safe national field scientific observation and research station or other places suitable for developing field natural icing experiments of the snow mountain energy equipment of Chongqing university, N rotary cylinder ice collectors are arranged through insulators at a place one meter away from the ground. In this example, N is 4. The cylinder on the rotating cylinder ice collector was made of brass, and had a diameter of 30mm and a length of 250mm, and was kept at a constant rotational speed of 2 r/min. And four rotating cylindrical ice collectors maintain a 1m pitch in the horizontal direction.
S4, controlling the duration of each experiment to be T;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the duration of each ice coating experiment was kept at T. In this example, T is 120min.
S5, recording the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and weighing the total icing mass of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T, and dividing the total icing mass by N to obtain the average value of the icing mass of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T. In this example, the average ice coating mass of the rotating cylinder was obtained by dividing the total ice coating mass of 4 cylinders in 120min by 4.
S6, removing ice layers on the natural field test specimen and the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: after each experiment is finished, before the next experiment is started, the ice layer on the natural field test specimen and the N rotary cylindrical ice collectors is thoroughly removed in modes of knocking, hot melting and the like. In this embodiment, the ice layer of the LGJ-150/25 wire and 4 rotating cylindrical ice collectors was thoroughly removed by hot water melting, and the surface was quickly wiped dry, facilitating the next experiment.
S7, repeating the steps two to six as much as possible during each field icing experiment, and at least G (G is more than or equal to P) times;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: during the natural ice coating in the field, S2 to S6 are repeated as much as possible, and the number of times of S2 to S6 is at least G, in this embodiment, at least 6, for finally obtaining the valid data set.
And S8, after all experiments are finished, selecting R (P is less than or equal to R and less than or equal to G) group data from G experiments, and if the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice accretion devices obtained in the fifth step is equal to or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is less than 10% in the R group data, determining that the R group data is effective experimental data meeting the single variable control of the field natural icing.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: after the experiment is finished, according to the recorded experiment results, R groups of experiment data sets with the same average value of the icing mass of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value within 10% are selected as effective experiment data sets of the experiment. In this embodiment, 6 sets of experimental data sets with the same average value of the ice coating mass of the 4 rotating cylindrical ice collectors or with the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value within 10% are selected as effective experimental data sets of the experiment.
Claims (7)
1. A single variable control test method for field natural icing is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a single variable required to be controlled by a field natural icing experiment, and determining the minimum effective data group number P according to the control requirement of the field natural icing experiment on the single variable;
step 2, arranging experimental test pieces;
step 3, arranging N rotary cylinder ice collectors in the same experimental environment;
step 4, controlling the duration time of each experiment to be T;
step 5, recording the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice collectors within the time T;
step 6, removing ice layers on the natural field experiment test piece and the N rotary cylindrical ice collectors;
step 7, repeating the steps 2 to 6 for at least G times, wherein G is more than or equal to P;
and 8, after the experiment is finished, selecting R groups of data groups from G experiments, wherein if the average value of the icing quality of the N rotating cylindrical ice accretion devices obtained in the step 5 in the R groups of data groups is equal or the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is within 10%, the R groups of data groups are effective experimental data meeting the field natural icing single variable control.
2. The field natural icing single variable control test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the minimum number of valid data sets P refers to the control requirement of a single variable by experiment, and is determined by an arithmetic difference or equal ratio method between the minimum value and the maximum value of the variable.
3. The field natural icing single-variable control test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of N is 4-5.
4. The field natural icing single variable control test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: arranging N rotating cylindrical ice collectors in the same experimental environment, wherein the altitude is the same as the actual geographic position of the experiment; the N rotary cylinder ice collectors are fixed at the same positions of an experiment site and an experiment test piece in the same distance from the ground, and the horizontal distance between the N rotary cylinder ice collectors and the experiment test piece is enough to keep a distance which does not influence each other.
5. The field natural icing single-variable control test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the T value is 1 hour to 2 hours; the value of T, once selected, remains consistent until the experiment is completed.
6. The field natural icing single variable control test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the average value of the ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinder ice collectors in the time T is the total ice coating mass of the N rotating cylinders divided by N.
7. The field natural icing single-variable control test method according to claim 1, characterized in that: r is more than or equal to P and less than or equal to G.
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2022
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