CN115508160A - Vibration fatigue test piece with gradually-changed section and design method thereof - Google Patents
Vibration fatigue test piece with gradually-changed section and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section and a design method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of vibration fatigue tests. The test piece comprises a clamping end, a transition part, a working part and a free end which are connected in sequence; the upper end surface of the working part, the lower end surface of the working part, the front end surface of the working part and the rear end surface of the working part are all curved surfaces; in the transverse direction from left to right, the working part is in a shape that two sides are wide and the middle is narrow; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the working part is in a shape that the middle is thick and the two sides are thin; the upper end surface of the free end, the lower end surface of the free end, the front end surface of the free end and the rear end surface of the free end are all curved surfaces; in the transverse direction from left to right, the free end is rectangular; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the free end is in a shape of being thick in the middle and thin at two sides. The invention can restrain the crack position of the test piece in the middle part of the working part, thereby eliminating the uncertainty of the crack occurrence position.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration fatigue tests, in particular to a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section and a design method thereof.
Background
The vibration fatigue test is an important test means for researching the fatigue performance of the structure and the material thereof. The vibration fatigue test can simulate the vibration phenomenon of the blade under the periodic airflow excitation force, test the service performance, safety and reliability of the structure and the material thereof in the life cycle, and is widely applied to the industrial field, particularly the aviation field, so as to verify the fatigue life of the blade and the material thereof and the like.
In the material-level vibration fatigue test research, the test piece form in HB5277-1984, engine blade and Material vibration fatigue test method, is mostly adopted, meanwhile, in order to meet different research purposes and research requirements, researchers have proposed various test pieces with different shapes and colors, wherein the more typical form is thin waist shape, notch shape, thin wall shape, diamond shape, trapezoid shape, etc. (Zhang Qin, progress of Material and Member vibration fatigue research [ J ]. Material development and application).
However, one problem with the above test pieces is that the crack positions of different test pieces are not consistent, resulting in inaccurate material fatigue performance results. The whole test piece is in a flat plate form, and the finite element simulation result of the flat test piece shows that the maximum stress area of the test piece is distributed on the width of the cross section of the working part, and cracks can be in the middle of the cross section of the working part of the test piece and also can be at the edge of the working part of the test piece in the test process. Due to different testsThe crack positions of the tested parts are different, so that the fatigue performance results of the materials obtained by using the test methods such as a lifting method, a grouping method, a comparison method and the like are inaccurate. For example, a vibration fatigue test was carried out using a thin waist-shaped flat plate specimen having a life base of 10 7 The fatigue limit obtained in this case was 480MPA (Xu Wei, TC17 alloy flexural vibration ultra-high cycle fatigue test [ J]Aero-engine), but using the tensile fatigue test of a sandglass-shaped test piece, the service life base number of the TC17 titanium alloy is 10 7 The fatigue limit of (2) is 615MPa (Wang Jinlong, titanium alloy TC17 fatigue failure research for aeroengines [ J]The university of harbin project bulletin); the fatigue limit of the TC32 titanium alloy with the service life base number of 107 is 600MPa-550MPa (Wang Zemin, TC32 titanium alloy ultra-high cycle fatigue performance research [ J]Heat treatment of metal). From this, it is found that the fatigue limit of the flat plate member obtained by the same number of life is lower as compared with the tensile fatigue test result.
Another problem is that the test pieces are tested for an excessively long time. This is because the first-order natural frequency of the test piece defined in HB5277-1984 is low, approximately around 260Hz, and 10 is obtained 7 The time required for fatigue limit on the lifetime base is approximately 10 hours or so; at the same time, the total test time is very long, due to the large number of test pieces required for fatigue performance tests of the material (lifting, grouping, comparison, etc.). Although there is also literature (Xu Wei, TC17 alloy flexural vibration ultra-high cycle fatigue test [ J)]Aero-engine) designed a slim waist flat test piece with a greatly increased first order natural frequency, but such a test piece still suffers from the first problem described above. Therefore, when the fatigue performance of the material is researched, the problems need to be overcome, and a more reasonable test piece is designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section and a design method thereof, which can restrain the crack position of the test piece at the middle part of a working part and eliminate the uncertainty of the crack occurrence position.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section comprises a clamping end, a transition part, a working part and a free end which are sequentially connected; the right end face of the clamping end is connected with the left end face of the transition part; the right end surface of the transition part is connected with the left end surface of the working part; the right end face of the working part is connected with the left end face of the free end;
the upper end surface of the working part, the lower end surface of the working part, the front end surface of the working part and the rear end surface of the working part are curved surfaces; in the transverse direction from left to right, the working part is in a shape that two sides are wide and the middle is narrow; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the working part is thick in the middle and thin at two sides;
the upper end surface of the free end, the lower end surface of the free end, the front end surface of the free end and the rear end surface of the free end are curved surfaces; in a lateral direction from left to right, the free end is rectangular; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the free end is thick in the middle and thin at two sides.
Optionally, the clamping end is of a cuboid structure, and at least two through holes are formed in the thickness direction.
Optionally, the through hole is located on a centerline of the clamping end from left to right.
Optionally, the transition portion tapers in thickness from left to right.
Optionally, the upper end surface of the working portion, the lower end surface of the working portion, the front end surface of the working portion, and the rear end surface of the working portion are all arc surfaces with middle parts protruding outwards.
Optionally, the clamping end, the transition portion, the working portion and the free end are integrally formed.
Optionally, the upper end surface of the free end, the lower end surface of the free end, the front end surface of the free end, and the rear end surface of the free end are all arc surfaces with middle parts protruding outwards.
Optionally, the cross section of the working part is symmetrical front and back; the longitudinal section of the working part is vertically symmetrical.
Optionally, the thickness of the left end surface of the working portion to the right end surface of the free end is gradually reduced, and the shape of the left end surface of the free end is the same as the shape of the right end surface of the working portion.
The invention also provides a design method of the vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually changed section, which is used for designing the test piece and comprises the following steps:
acquiring structural dimension data of a plurality of groups of test pieces; the structural size data comprises shape data of a left end face of the working part, shape data of a right end face of the free end, length data of the working part and length data of the free end;
respectively constructing test piece models according to the structural size data of each group to obtain a plurality of test piece models with different sizes;
respectively carrying out finite element analysis on each test piece model, and calculating to obtain a corresponding first-order natural frequency and a maximum equivalent stress point;
comparing the positions of the maximum equivalent stress points corresponding to the test piece models, and determining the test piece model with the position of the maximum equivalent stress point closest to the middle position of the working part;
judging whether the first-order natural frequency of the test piece model with the position of the maximum equivalent stress point closest to the middle position of the working part meets the set frequency or not;
if the set frequency is met, taking the corresponding structure size data as optimal structure size data; if the set frequency is not met, adjusting the length of the free end according to the size relation between the set frequency and the first-order natural frequency obtained through finite element analysis and calculation, and taking the adjusted structure size data as the optimal structure size data; and the optimal structure size data is used for manufacturing a test piece required by the material-level vibration fatigue test.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section and a design method thereof, wherein the test piece comprises a clamping end, a transition part, a working part and a free end which are sequentially connected; the upper end surface of the working part, the lower end surface of the working part, the front end surface of the working part and the rear end surface of the working part are curved surfaces; in the transverse direction from left to right, the working part is in a shape that two sides are wide and the middle is narrow; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the working part is thick in the middle and thin at two sides; the upper end surface of the free end, the lower end surface of the free end, the front end surface of the free end and the rear end surface of the free end are curved surfaces; in a lateral direction from left to right, the free end is rectangular; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the free end is thick in the middle and thin at two sides. The vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually-changed section can restrain the crack position of the test piece at the middle part of the working part, so that the uncertainty of the crack occurrence position is eliminated. In addition, the invention can also improve the first-order natural frequency of the test piece by shortening the length of the free end, thereby shortening the test period.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a vibration fatigue test piece of a graded cross-section provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a graded cross-section vibration fatigue test piece provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a vibration fatigue test piece of a tapered cross section provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged right side elevational view, on an equal scale, of a vibration fatigue test piece of graduated cross section provided in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a graded cross-section vibration fatigue test piece provided by the present invention.
Description of the symbols: a clamping end-100, a transition portion-101, a working portion-102, a free end-103, a through hole-104, a right end-face-105 of the clamping end, a left end-face-106 of the working portion, a right end-face-107 of the working portion, and a right end-face-108 of the free end.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section and a design method thereof, which can restrain the crack position of the test piece at the middle part of a working part and eliminate the uncertainty of the crack occurrence position.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view of a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually changing cross section provided by the invention. If the test piece is horizontally placed, fig. 2 is a plan view of the test piece, fig. 3 is a front view of the test piece, and fig. 4 is an enlarged right side view of the test piece on an equal scale.
As shown in fig. 1-4, the test piece comprises a clamping end 100, a transition part 101, a working part 102 and a free end 103 which are connected in sequence; wherein, the right end face of the clamping end 100 is connected with the left end face of the transition part 101; the right end face of the transition part 101 is connected with the left end face of the working part 102; the right end face of the working portion 102 is connected to the left end face of the free end 103. The clamping end 100, the transition part 101, the working part 102 and the free end 103 are connected in an integrated manner and are formed by processing the same raw material.
The clamping end 100 is provided with only one, and has a rectangular parallelepiped structure, and at least two through holes 104 are opened in the thickness direction (i.e. the vertical direction from the upper end surface of the clamping end 100 to the lower end surface of the clamping end 100). The through hole 104 is used for fixing the test piece on a clamp of the test bed through a bolt during testing. Preferably, the through holes 104 are equal in size and all lie on a centerline (i.e., horizontal line in fig. 2) of the clamping end 100 from left to right.
The transition portion 101 is used for connecting the clamping end 100 and the working portion 102. In the present embodiment, the transition portion 101 has a trapezoid-like structure, and the thickness of the transition portion 101 gradually decreases from left to right, so as to prevent the stress concentration phenomenon caused by the excessive variation of the cross-sectional dimension from the clamping end 100 to the working portion 102.
The upper end surface of the working part 102, the lower end surface of the working part 102, the front end surface of the working part 102 and the rear end surface of the working part 102 are all curved surfaces; in the transverse direction from left to right, referring to fig. 2, the working portion 102 has a shape that is wide at two sides and narrow at the middle; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, see fig. 4, the working portion 102 has a shape that is thick in the middle and thin on both sides. Preferably, the width of the working portion 102 (i.e., the vertical distance from the front end surface of the working portion 102 to the rear end surface of the working portion 102) is gradually decreased from the left and right sides toward the middle.
Further, the upper end surface of the working portion 102, the lower end surface of the working portion 102, the front end surface of the working portion 102, and the rear end surface of the working portion 102 are all arc surfaces with middle portions protruding outwards. The upper end surface of the working portion 102 and the lower end surface of the working portion 102 have the same size and shape and are opposite in direction, and the longitudinal section of the working portion 102 is vertically symmetrical. The front end face of the working part 102 and the rear end face of the working part 102 have the same size and shape and are opposite in direction, so that the cross section of the working part 102 is symmetrical front and back.
In this embodiment, the cross section of working portion is type I shape, and its up-down terminal surface is the arc surface with preceding back terminal surface, and the thickness that is by centre to both ends reduces gradually promptly to the cross sectional shape has the symmetry, thereby can guarantee that the middle position of working portion is the biggest position of equivalent stress, the initial position that the crackle is sprouted promptly.
The upper end surface of the free end 103, the lower end surface of the free end 103, the front end surface of the free end 103 and the rear end surface of the free end 103 are all curved surfaces; in a lateral direction from left to right, see fig. 2, the free end 103 is rectangular; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, see fig. 4, the free end 103 is thick in the middle and thin on both sides.
Further, an upper end surface of the free end 103, a lower end surface of the free end 103, a front end surface of the free end 103, and a rear end surface of the free end 103 are all arc surfaces with middle portions protruding outwards.
Further, the first-order natural frequency of the test piece can be increased by shortening the length of the free end 103. The length of the free end 103 may also be adjusted based on the first order natural frequency calculated by finite element analysis.
In this embodiment, the free ends 103 are in an elliptical frustum-like structure, and the longitudinal cross-sectional shapes of the free ends 103 are the same and all are elliptical in the left-to-right direction.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 3 and 4, the thickness of the left end surface 106 of the working portion to the right end surface 108 of the free end is gradually reduced, i.e., has a slightly smaller taper. As shown in fig. 4, the left end face of the transition portion and the right end face 105 of the clamping end have the same shape and are rectangular; the right end face of the transition part and the left end face 106 of the working part are the same in shape and are all similar to an ellipse; the right end face 107 of the working part and the left end face of the free end are the same in shape and are all similar to an ellipse; the right end face 108 of the free end is also oval-like. The area of each end face has the following relationship: the area of the right end face 105 of the clamping end is larger than the area of the left end face 106 of the working part is larger than the area of the right end face 107 of the working part is larger than the area of the right end face 108 of the free end.
Fig. 5 isbase:Sub>A cross-sectional view of the test piece, and as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the surface 106 (i.e., the sectionbase:Sub>A-base:Sub>A in fig. 5) is also elliptical-like in shape, the surface 107 (i.e., the section B-B in fig. 5) is also elliptical-like in shape, and the surface 108 is the right end surface of the free end 103 and is also elliptical-like in shape. The outer contours of the three faces are all composed of arc segments with different radii, and the total transverse lengths are the same. The first-order natural frequency of the test piece and the position of the maximum equivalent stress can be controlled by adjusting the radius of the arc segment forming the outer contour of the surface 106, the surface 107 and the surface 108 and the length of the working part 102 and the free end 103.
By continuously adjusting the above-mentioned several variables, a series of sample piece geometries of different sizes can be obtained. And carrying out finite element analysis on the test piece of each geometric shape to obtain a first-order natural frequency and a maximum equivalent stress point. Finally, the positions of the maximum equivalent stress points in all the schemes are compared, and the position which is closest to the middle position of the working part is observed, and whether the proper first-order natural frequency is possessed or not is observed. Through the method and different requirements of the test, the structure size of the sample piece which is most suitable for the material-grade vibration fatigue test can be found.
The invention also provides a design method of the vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually changed section, which is used for designing the test piece and comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring structural dimension data of a plurality of groups of test pieces; the structural dimension data includes shape data of a left end face of the working portion, shape data of a right end face of the free end, length data of the working portion, and length data of the free end. The shape data includes an area of the end face, a length of an arc constituting a contour line of the end face, and an arc radius constituting a contour line of the end face.
And 2, step: and respectively constructing test piece models according to the structural size data of each group to obtain a plurality of test piece models with different sizes.
And step 3: and respectively carrying out finite element analysis on each test piece model, and calculating to obtain a corresponding first-order natural frequency and a maximum equivalent stress point.
And 4, step 4: and comparing the positions of the maximum equivalent stress points corresponding to the test piece models, and determining the test piece model with the position of the maximum equivalent stress point closest to the middle position of the working part.
And 5: and judging whether the first-order natural frequency of the test piece model with the position of the maximum equivalent stress point closest to the middle position of the working part meets the set frequency or not.
Step 6: if the set frequency is met, taking the corresponding structure size data as optimal structure size data; if the set frequency is not met, adjusting the length of the free end according to the size relation between the set frequency and the first-order natural frequency obtained through finite element analysis and calculation, and taking the adjusted structure size data as the optimal structure size data; and the optimal structure size data is used for manufacturing a test piece required by the material-grade vibration fatigue test.
According to the vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually-changed section and the design method thereof, the natural frequency of the test piece can be improved, and the test period is shortened; compared with the traditional test piece, the stress maximum region is limited at the middle position of the working part of the test piece, and the range with larger stress gradient is restricted near the central position, so that crack initiation positions of different test pieces are consistent, and the comparability of vibration fatigue test data is further ensured.
The invention provides a vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed section and a design method thereof, and the advantages and the positive effects of the vibration fatigue test piece are mainly reflected in that:
1. the test piece can meet the requirements of a material-grade vibration fatigue test, and the obtained test result is closer to the tensile fatigue test result of a standard hourglass-shaped test piece.
2. The test piece limits the maximum stress area at the middle position of the working part of the test piece, and also limits the range with larger stress gradient at the central position, thereby ensuring the consistent crack starting positions of different test pieces and ensuring the comparability of vibration fatigue test data.
3. The natural frequency of the test piece is high, and the required test period is short.
In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to assist in understanding the core concepts of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually changed section is characterized by comprising a clamping end, a transition part, a working part and a free end which are sequentially connected; the right end face of the clamping end is connected with the left end face of the transition part; the right end surface of the transition part is connected with the left end surface of the working part; the right end face of the working part is connected with the left end face of the free end;
the upper end surface of the working part, the lower end surface of the working part, the front end surface of the working part and the rear end surface of the working part are curved surfaces; in the transverse direction from left to right, the working part is in a shape that two sides are wide and the middle is narrow; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the working part is thick in the middle and thin at two sides;
the upper end surface of the free end, the lower end surface of the free end, the front end surface of the free end and the rear end surface of the free end are curved surfaces; in a lateral direction from left to right, the free end is rectangular; in the longitudinal direction from front to back, the free end is thick in the middle and thin at two sides.
2. The vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually-changed section according to claim 1, wherein the clamping end is of a cuboid structure, and at least two through holes are formed in the thickness direction.
3. The piece according to claim 2, wherein the through hole is located on a centerline of the clamping end from left to right.
4. A graded-section vibratory fatigue test article as in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the transition portion tapers from left to right.
5. The vibration fatigue test piece with a gradually-changed cross section according to claim 1, wherein the upper end surface of the working part, the lower end surface of the working part, the front end surface of the working part and the rear end surface of the working part are all arc surfaces with the middle part protruding outwards.
6. The piece according to claim 1, wherein the clamping end, the transition portion, the working portion and the free end are integrally formed.
7. The vibration fatigue test piece with the gradually-changed section according to claim 1, wherein the upper end surface of the free end, the lower end surface of the free end, the front end surface of the free end and the rear end surface of the free end are all arc surfaces with the middle part protruding outwards.
8. The piece according to claim 5, wherein the cross section of the working portion is symmetrical front and back; the longitudinal section of the working part is vertically symmetrical.
9. The piece according to claim 1, wherein the thickness from the left end surface of the working portion to the right end surface of the free end is gradually reduced, and the shape of the left end surface of the free end is the same as the shape of the right end surface of the working portion.
10. A method of designing a graded-section vibration fatigue test piece, the method being used to design a test piece according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising:
acquiring structural dimension data of a plurality of groups of test pieces; the structural dimension data comprises shape data of a left end face of the working part, shape data of a right end face of the free end, length data of the working part and length data of the free end;
respectively constructing test piece models according to the structural size data of each group to obtain a plurality of test piece models with different sizes;
respectively carrying out finite element analysis on each test piece model, and calculating to obtain a corresponding first-order natural frequency and a maximum equivalent stress point;
comparing the positions of the maximum equivalent stress points corresponding to the test piece models, and determining the test piece model with the position of the maximum equivalent stress point closest to the middle position of the working part;
judging whether the first-order natural frequency of the test piece model with the position of the maximum equivalent stress point closest to the middle position of the working part meets the set frequency or not;
if the set frequency is met, taking the corresponding structure size data as optimal structure size data; if the set frequency is not met, adjusting the length of the free end according to the size relation between the set frequency and the first-order natural frequency obtained through finite element analysis and calculation, and taking the adjusted structure size data as the optimal structure size data; and the optimal structure size data is used for manufacturing a test piece required by the material-level vibration fatigue test.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116793809A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-09-22 | 华中科技大学 | Flat plate type ultra-high cycle fatigue test piece with gradual change plane and design and test method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116793809A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-09-22 | 华中科技大学 | Flat plate type ultra-high cycle fatigue test piece with gradual change plane and design and test method thereof |
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