CN115498361B - Functional coating composition for secondary battery diaphragm, functional coating and application - Google Patents

Functional coating composition for secondary battery diaphragm, functional coating and application Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115498361B
CN115498361B CN202211325937.7A CN202211325937A CN115498361B CN 115498361 B CN115498361 B CN 115498361B CN 202211325937 A CN202211325937 A CN 202211325937A CN 115498361 B CN115498361 B CN 115498361B
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Prior art keywords
functional coating
layer
secondary battery
composition
core
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CN202211325937.7A
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CN115498361A (en
Inventor
席柳江
蔡小川
姜娜
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Hunan Gaorui Power Source Material Co ltd
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Hunan Gaorui Power Source Material Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/411—Organic material
    • H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
    • H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/443—Particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
    • H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
    • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cell Separators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm, a functional coating and application thereof. The composition is an organic polymer particle with a core-shell structure, and the particle diameter D50 is 1-20 mu m; the particles comprise a supporting layer positioned on a core layer and an adhesive layer positioned on a shell layer, and the weight ratio of the core to the shell is 1:0.3-9. The functional coating is a heterogeneous dispersion comprising: a functional coating composition, a dispersion medium and a dispersant. The functional coating provided by the invention belongs to an external soft internal rigid type, and the bonding layer is positioned on the shell layer, so that the diaphragm and the pole piece can be effectively adhered under the cold pressing condition, hot pressing is not needed, and the process is facilitated to be simplified. And the support layer is positioned on the core layer, so that the support layer can still keep the shape intact at a certain temperature and pressure, is not collapsed or broken, can keep the smoothness of an ion channel as much as possible while bonding the diaphragm and the pole piece, and reduces the adverse effect of the increase of internal resistance caused by the introduction of the coating.

Description

Functional coating composition for secondary battery diaphragm, functional coating and application
Technical Field
The invention relates to a new functional coating material, in particular to a functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm, a functional coating containing the composition and application thereof.
Background
A separator is one of key components of a secondary battery, and a conventional separator is generally composed of a base film of polyolefin material and a ceramic coating layer. In recent years, with the rapid development of battery technology, higher demands have been made on the performance of separators. Thus, various types of functional coatings for improving the performance of the separator are beginning to emerge. The coating which is coated on the surface of the ceramic coating of the diaphragm and can enable the diaphragm and the pole piece to be closely attached, so that the interface resistance between the diaphragm and the pole piece is reduced, and the coating is one of typical representative functional coatings of the diaphragm. Such coatings are currently on the market generally either homogeneous particles composed of soft materials exhibiting a certain crystallinity and exhibiting adhesion after heating (for example, LBG series produced by the company alcama, france, and made of PVDF), or particles of core-shell structure "outer rigid and inner flexible" (for example, AFL series produced by the company japanese rayleigh, and made of acrylate core-shell copolymers). These products, on the one hand, are capable of effectively improving the performance of the separator and, on the other hand, still have certain limitations. For example, the separator to which such a coating is applied may need to adhere to the pole piece after hot pressing, which adds to the complexity of the process. Therefore, there is still a great expansion room in the research field of functional coatings for secondary battery separators.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to expand the types and application range of the functional coating for the secondary battery diaphragm and meet the higher requirements on the diaphragm performance, the invention provides a functional coating composition for the secondary battery diaphragm and a functional coating containing the composition. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of such compositions and functional coatings.
The invention provides a functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm, which is an organic polymer particle with a core-shell structure, and the particle diameter D50 is 1-20 mu m; the particles comprise a supporting layer positioned on a core layer and an adhesive layer positioned on a shell layer, and the weight ratio of the core to the shell is 1:0.3-9. Preferably, the grain diameter is 1.2-5.5 mu m, and the weight ratio of the core shell to the shell is 1:1.5-6.
Further, the glass transition temperature of the supporting layer is 60-200 ℃, and the glass transition temperature of the bonding layer is-100-20 ℃. Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the supporting layer is 80-150 ℃, and the glass transition temperature of the bonding layer is-70-20 ℃.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of monomers can be used to prepare the support and adhesive layers. As non-limiting examples, the support layer may be a homopolymer and/or copolymer of methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, etc., and the adhesive layer may be a homopolymer and/or copolymer of butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, etc. The skilled artisan can also incorporate functional monomers such as multifunctional monomers (e.g., divinylbenzene, glycidyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, methylenebisacrylamide, etc.), water-soluble monomers (hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, etc.) and the like into the formulation to impart specific properties to the support layer and the adhesive layer, depending on the understanding and design of the product and process.
A functional coating comprising the composition further comprises a dispersion medium and a dispersant to form a heterogeneous dispersion.
Further, the dispersion medium includes water.
Further, the dispersion medium further includes: an organic solvent miscible with water in any proportion. Whether such organic solvents are used in the dispersion medium depends on the understanding and design of the product and process by the skilled person. For example, the organic solvent may be methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, glacial acetic acid, DMF, DMSO, NMP, etc. or mixtures thereof.
Further, the dispersing agent is a water-soluble polymer with molecular weight not less than 300, and the mass fraction of the water-soluble polymer in the dispersion liquid is 0.01-10%. Preferably, the mass fraction is 0.1% -3%. For example, the water-soluble polymer may be PVA, CMC, PVP, PEG or the like or a mixture thereof.
Further, the mass fraction of the composition in the dispersion is 5% -40%. Preferably, the mass fraction is 10% -30%.
Further, the heterogeneous dispersion is prepared by emulsion polymerization, soap-free emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization or dispersion polymerization.
Further, the composition and/or the functional coating are applied according to at least one of the following methods: directly applied in the form of dispersion, dried into powder, and then prepared into dispersion again.
For example, the dispersion of the functional coating may be directly applied to the ceramic layer surface of the separator, or the dispersion may be added to the formulation of the ceramic slurry to prepare a ceramic-functional coating composite slurry, which is then applied to the base film surface.
For another example, the dispersion of the functional coating may be prepared into powder by spray drying, or the composition powder may be separated by centrifugal sedimentation, and then prepared into a dispersion again, and applied to the ceramic layer surface of the separator; or directly adding the powder into the formula of the ceramic slurry to prepare ceramic-functional coating composite slurry, and then coating the ceramic-functional coating composite slurry on the surface of the base film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The functional coating provided by the invention belongs to an external soft and internal rigid type, and has obvious difference with the structure of the existing product. The bonding layer is positioned on the shell layer, so that the diaphragm and the pole piece can be effectively adhered under the cold pressing condition without hot pressing, and the simplification of the process is facilitated. On the other hand, the support layer positioned on the nuclear layer can still keep the shape intact at a certain temperature and pressure without collapsing and crushing, so that the bonding between the diaphragm and the pole piece is typical 'point bonding', the ion channel can be kept smooth as much as possible while the diaphragm and the pole piece are bonded, and the adverse effect of the increase of internal resistance caused by the introduction of the coating is reduced.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 and 2 are particle size distribution diagrams of the products obtained in example 1 and example 2, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to examples, and it is apparent that the described examples are only some examples of the present application, but not all examples. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application. Methods not specifically described are understood to be common knowledge in the art; the equipment, reagents, etc., not specifically described, are commercially available products.
Example 1
Preparation of functional coating composition
In this embodiment, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) microspheres are selected as the supporting layer, and butyl acrylate-isooctyl acrylate copolymer is selected as the adhesive layer. The polymerization method is dispersion polymerization, a two-stage feeding method is adopted, and when the conversion rate of the nuclear layer polymerization reaction reaches 85% -90%, shell monomers are fed for continuous reaction until the completion.
Specifically, the weight ratio of the core shell to the shell is 1:2.5, and the weight ratio of the butyl acrylate to the isooctyl acrylate is 3:1. The dispersion medium is ethanol-water composite solvent, and the initiator is AIBN. Methyl methacrylate and AIBN were first dissolved in an ethanol-water complex solvent and polymerization was initiated at 70 ℃. Then butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate and AIBN are dissolved in the ethanol-water composite solvent, and the solution is continuously dripped into a reaction vessel by using a constant pressure dripping funnel for 2-3 h. The reaction was completed and the product had a particle size (D50) of about 1.6. Mu.m.
Example 2
Preparation of functional coating dispersion
In the embodiment, PMMA microspheres with carboxyl modified surfaces are selected as a supporting layer, and a soap-free emulsion polymerization method is adopted for preparation; the copolymer of butyl acrylate and Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) is used as an adhesive layer and is prepared by a general emulsion polymerization method. Preparing a supporting layer and an adhesive layer dispersion liquid respectively, and enabling the adhesive layer to be adsorbed on the surface of the supporting layer through rear-end reaction to obtain a functional coating dispersion liquid.
Specifically, the weight ratio of the core shell to the shell is 1:4. The PMMA microsphere with the carboxyl modified surface is methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylic acid is 2.5%; in the butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, the mass ratio of the glycidyl methacrylate is 0.5%. The initiator is KPS. After preparing the dispersion liquid of the supporting layer and the adhesive layer respectively according to the method, mixing the two, and adding a proper amount of pure water to make the solid content of the mixed liquid be 20%. Heating to 95 ℃ and reacting for 2h. The epoxy group in the molecular structure of GMA is opened by carboxyl modified on the surface of PMMA microsphere to form grafting, so that the adhesive layer is adsorbed on the surface of the supporting layer. The material was collected by cooling, and the particle size (D50) of the product was about 2.1. Mu.m.
Example 3
Application of functional coatings
According to the common knowledge in the art, a ceramic separator for lithium batteries having a thickness of 9 μm+2μm was prepared. The functional coating dispersion liquid in the preparation example 1 is coated on the surface of the ceramic layer of the diaphragm, and the coating thickness is 2-3 mu m, thus obtaining the ceramic diaphragm with the functional coating.
Example 4
Application of functional coatings
The functional coating dispersion described in preparation example 2 was taken and spray-dried to obtain a coating powder. A slurry for a lithium battery ceramic separator having a solid content of about 40% was prepared, and the above-mentioned coating powder was added to the slurry formulation in an amount corresponding to 12% by weight of the ceramic powder. Specifically, the coating powder is uniformly dispersed in pure water which is dissolved in a dispersing agent in advance, then ceramic powder, an adhesive and a wetting agent are sequentially added, and the ceramic powder-coating powder mixed slurry is obtained after uniform dispersion. And coating the obtained slurry on the surface of a base film with the thickness of 9 mu m to obtain the ceramic diaphragm with the functional coating.
Example 5
Performance testing
Particle size testing: and taking a proper amount of dispersion liquid to be measured, adding water to dilute the dispersion liquid to a solid content of about 1.5%, and performing ultrasonic vibration for 5min, and then testing by using a laser particle sizer.
Peel strength test: taking the ceramic diaphragm with the functional coating and the lithium iron phosphate positive plate described in the embodiment 3 and the embodiment 4, respectively bonding by cold pressing and hot pressing, and testing 180-degree peeling strength of the diaphragm and the pole plate after hot pressing according to the method described in GB/T2792-2014. The cold pressing and hot pressing pressures are 1MPa, the cold pressing temperature is room temperature, and the hot pressing temperature is 80 ℃. The test results are shown in the following table.

Claims (9)

1. A functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm is characterized in that the composition is an organic polymer particle with a core-shell structure, and the particle size D50 is 1.2-5.5 mu m; the functional coating belongs to an external soft internal rigid type, and the particles comprise a supporting layer positioned on a core layer and an adhesive layer positioned on a shell layer, wherein the weight ratio of the core to the shell is 1: 0.3-9, wherein the supporting layer is polymethyl methacrylate microsphere or polymethyl methacrylate microsphere with carboxyl modified surface, and the bonding layer is butyl acrylate-isooctyl acrylate copolymer or copolymer of butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate.
2. The functional coating composition for secondary battery separator according to claim 1, wherein the glass transition temperature of the support layer is 60 to 200 ℃ and the glass transition temperature of the adhesive layer is-100 to 20 ℃.
3. A functional coating for a secondary battery separator, characterized by being a heterogeneous dispersion comprising: the composition, dispersion medium and dispersant of claim 1 or 2.
4. A functional coating for a secondary battery separator as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dispersion medium comprises water.
5. The functional coating for a secondary battery separator according to claim 4, wherein the dispersion medium further comprises an organic solvent miscible with water in any proportion.
6. A functional coating for a secondary battery separator according to claim 3, wherein the dispersant is a water-soluble polymer having a molecular weight of not less than 300, and the mass fraction of the water-soluble polymer in the dispersion is 0.01% -10%.
7. A functional coating for a secondary battery separator according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the composition in the dispersion is 5% -40%.
8. Use of the functional coating composition according to claim 1 or2 in a secondary battery separator.
9. Use of the functional coating according to any one of claims 3 to 7 in a secondary battery separator.
CN202211325937.7A 2022-10-27 2022-10-27 Functional coating composition for secondary battery diaphragm, functional coating and application Active CN115498361B (en)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112341961A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-02-09 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 Adhesive, diaphragm and preparation method thereof
CN114149549A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-08 湖南高瑞电源材料有限公司 Core-shell emulsion and preparation method and application thereof
CN114937852A (en) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-23 江苏厚生新能源科技有限公司 Modified polyester coating type battery diaphragm
CN115172754A (en) * 2022-08-17 2022-10-11 深圳市皓飞实业有限公司 Water-based binder, preparation method, diaphragm and lithium ion battery

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103173161B (en) * 2013-03-08 2016-08-03 东莞新能源科技有限公司 A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery cathode sheet adhesive emulsion
CN110854339B (en) * 2018-08-20 2022-07-12 安徽美芯新材料有限公司 In-situ composite ceramic diaphragm with core-shell structure and preparation method and application thereof
CN111048786B (en) * 2019-12-30 2021-05-25 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Emulsion type binder containing inorganic/organic core-shell structure and lithium ion battery
CN113131094A (en) * 2021-03-01 2021-07-16 东莞市溢兴新材料科技有限公司 High-adhesion polymer coating diaphragm and preparation method thereof
CN113480695A (en) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-08 浙江杰特维新材料有限公司 Core-shell binder material and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112341961A (en) * 2020-10-28 2021-02-09 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 Adhesive, diaphragm and preparation method thereof
CN114149549A (en) * 2021-12-31 2022-03-08 湖南高瑞电源材料有限公司 Core-shell emulsion and preparation method and application thereof
CN114937852A (en) * 2022-05-23 2022-08-23 江苏厚生新能源科技有限公司 Modified polyester coating type battery diaphragm
CN115172754A (en) * 2022-08-17 2022-10-11 深圳市皓飞实业有限公司 Water-based binder, preparation method, diaphragm and lithium ion battery

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