CN115498361A - Functional coating composition for secondary battery diaphragm, functional coating and application - Google Patents
Functional coating composition for secondary battery diaphragm, functional coating and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN115498361A CN115498361A CN202211325937.7A CN202211325937A CN115498361A CN 115498361 A CN115498361 A CN 115498361A CN 202211325937 A CN202211325937 A CN 202211325937A CN 115498361 A CN115498361 A CN 115498361A
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm, a functional coating and application. The composition is organic polymer particles with a core-shell structure, and the particle size D50 is 1-20 mu m; the particles comprise a supporting layer positioned on a core layer and an adhesive layer positioned on a shell layer, and the weight ratio of the core to the shell is 1. The functional coating is a heterogeneous dispersion comprising: a functional coating composition, a dispersion medium and a dispersant. The functional coating provided by the invention belongs to an 'outer flexible inner rigid' type, and the bonding layer is positioned on the shell layer, so that the effective adhesion between the diaphragm and the pole piece can be generated under the cold pressing condition, the hot pressing is not needed, and the simplification of the process is facilitated. And because of the existence of the supporting layer positioned in the nuclear layer, the supporting layer can still keep the integrity of the appearance under certain temperature and pressure without collapse and breakage, can keep the smoothness of an ion channel as much as possible while bonding the diaphragm and the pole piece, and reduces the adverse effect of increased internal resistance caused by introducing a coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel functional coating material, in particular to a functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm, a functional coating containing the composition and application of the functional coating.
Background
A separator is one of the key components of a secondary battery, and a conventional separator is generally composed of a base film made of polyolefin and a ceramic coating layer. In recent years, with the rapid development of battery technology, higher demands have been made on the performance of separators. Therefore, various types of functional coatings for improving the performance of the separator are beginning to emerge. The coating is coated on the surface of a ceramic coating of the diaphragm, and can enable the diaphragm and the pole piece to be tightly attached, so that the interface resistance between the diaphragm and the pole piece is reduced. The coatings on the market at present are generally homogeneous particles composed of soft substances with certain crystallinity and exhibiting adhesiveness after being heated (such as LBG series produced by Arkema France and made of PVDF), or core-shell structure particles with rigid outside and flexible inside (such as AFL series produced by Raynaud of Japan and made of acrylate core-shell copolymer). These products are effective in improving the performance of the membrane on the one hand and still have certain limitations on the other hand. For example, a separator with such a coating needs to be adhered to a pole piece after hot pressing, which increases the complexity of the process to some extent. Therefore, there is still a great room for development in the field of functional coatings for secondary battery separators.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to expand the type and application range of the functional coating for the secondary battery diaphragm and further meet higher requirements on the performance of the diaphragm, the invention provides a functional coating composition for the secondary battery diaphragm and a functional coating containing the composition on one hand. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of such compositions and functional coatings.
The invention provides a functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm, which is an organic polymer particle with a core-shell structure, wherein the particle size D50 is 1-20 mu m; the particles comprise a supporting layer positioned on a core layer and an adhesive layer positioned on a shell layer, and the weight ratio of the core to the shell is 1. Preferably, the particle size is 1.2 to 5.5 μm, and the weight ratio of the core shell is 1.5 to 6.
Furthermore, the glass transition temperature of the supporting layer is 60-200 ℃, and the glass transition temperature of the bonding layer is-100-20 ℃. Preferably, the glass transition temperature of the supporting layer is 80-150 ℃, and the glass transition temperature of the bonding layer is-70-20 ℃.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of monomers can be used to prepare the support and adhesive layers. By way of non-limiting example, the support layer may be a homopolymer and/or copolymer of methyl methacrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, etc., and the adhesive layer may be a homopolymer and/or copolymer of butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, etc. The skilled artisan will also be able to incorporate functional monomers such as multifunctional monomers (e.g., divinylbenzene, glycidyl methacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, methylenebisacrylamide, etc.), water soluble monomers (hydroxyethyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, etc.), etc., into the formulation to impart specific properties to the support and adhesive layers, based on an understanding and design of the product and process.
A functional coating comprising the composition further comprises a dispersion medium and a dispersant to form a heterogeneous dispersion.
Further, the dispersion medium includes water.
Further, the dispersion medium further includes: an organic solvent which is miscible with water in any ratio. Whether such an organic solvent is used in the dispersion medium depends on the understanding and design of the skilled person on the product and the process. For example, the organic solvent may be methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, glacial acetic acid, DMF, DMSO, NMP, or the like, or a mixture thereof.
Further, the dispersant is a water-soluble polymer with the molecular weight not less than 300, and the mass fraction of the water-soluble polymer in the dispersion liquid is 0.01-10%. Preferably, the mass fraction is 0.1% to 3%. For example, the water soluble polymer may be PVA, CMC, PVP, PEG, the like, or mixtures thereof.
Furthermore, the mass fraction of the composition in the dispersion liquid is 5-40%. Preferably, the mass fraction is 10% to 30%.
Further, the heterogeneous dispersion is prepared by emulsion polymerization, soap-free emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization or dispersion polymerization.
Further, the composition and/or the functional coating are applied by at least one of the following methods: directly applied in the form of dispersion, dried into powder and then made into the form of dispersion again.
For example, the dispersion of the functional coating layer may be directly applied to the surface of the ceramic layer of the separator, or the dispersion may be added to the formulation of the ceramic slurry to prepare a ceramic-functional coating composite slurry, which is then applied to the surface of the base film.
For another example, the dispersion of the functional coating may be prepared into powder by spray drying, or prepared into dispersion again after separating the powder of the composition by centrifugal sedimentation, and coated on the surface of the ceramic layer of the diaphragm; or directly adding the powder into the formula of the ceramic slurry to prepare ceramic-functional coating composite slurry, and then coating the ceramic-functional coating composite slurry on the surface of the base film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the functional coating provided by the invention belongs to an 'outer flexible inner rigid' type, and has a significant difference with the structure of the existing product. Because the bonding layer is positioned on the shell layer, the diaphragm and the pole piece can be effectively adhered under the cold pressing condition without hot pressing, and the process is simplified. On the other hand, due to the existence of the supporting layer positioned in the core layer, the supporting layer can still keep the completeness of the appearance under certain temperature and pressure and does not collapse or break, so that the bonding between the membrane and the pole piece is typical point bonding, the smoothness of an ion channel can be kept as much as possible while the membrane and the pole piece are bonded, and the adverse effect of internal resistance increase caused by introducing a coating is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are particle size distribution diagrams of the products obtained in example 1 and example 2, respectively.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. Methods not specifically described, as understood by the public knowledge in the art; the equipment, reagents and the like which are not particularly described are all conventional commercial products.
Example 1
Preparation of functional coating composition
In this embodiment, PMMA microspheres (polymethyl methacrylate) are used as the support layer, and butyl acrylate-isooctyl acrylate copolymer is used as the adhesive layer. The polymerization method is dispersion polymerization, a two-stage feeding method is adopted, and when the conversion rate of the nuclear layer polymerization reaction reaches 85-90%, shell layer monomers are fed to continue to react until the reaction is finished.
Specifically, the weight ratio of the core shell to the shell is 1.5, and the weight ratio of butyl acrylate to isooctyl acrylate is 3:1. The dispersion medium is ethanol-water composite solvent, and the initiator is AIBN. Methyl methacrylate and AIBN were first dissolved in an ethanol-water complex solvent to initiate polymerization at 70 ℃. And then dissolving butyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate and AIBN in the ethanol-water composite solvent, and continuously dripping the solution into a reaction container by using a constant-pressure dropping funnel for 2-3 h. After the reaction is finished, the material is collected, and the particle size (D50) of the product is about 1.6 mu m.
Example 2
Preparation of functional coating Dispersion
In the embodiment, PMMA microspheres with carboxyl modified surfaces are used as a supporting layer and prepared by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method; the copolymer of butyl acrylate and Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) is used as an adhesive layer and is prepared by adopting a common emulsion polymerization method. Respectively preparing a supporting layer and an adhesive layer dispersion liquid, and adsorbing the adhesive layer on the surface of the supporting layer through a back-end reaction to obtain the functional coating dispersion liquid.
Specifically, the core-shell weight ratio is 1:4. The PMMA microspheres with the carboxyl modified surfaces are methacrylic acid-methyl methacrylate copolymer, wherein the mass ratio of the methacrylic acid is 2.5%; in the butyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer, the mass ratio of glycidyl methacrylate was 0.5%. The initiator is KPS. After the dispersion liquid of the supporting layer and the adhesive layer is respectively prepared by the method, the supporting layer and the adhesive layer are mixed, and a proper amount of pure water is added to ensure that the solid content of the mixed liquid is 20 percent. The temperature is increased to 95 ℃ and the reaction is carried out for 2h. And (3) opening an epoxy group in a GMA molecular structure by carboxyl modified on the surface of the PMMA microsphere to form grafting, so that the bonding layer is adsorbed on the surface of the supporting layer. Cooling and collecting the material, wherein the particle size (D50) of the product is about 2.1 mu m.
Example 3
Application of functional coating
According to the public knowledge in the field, the ceramic diaphragm of the lithium battery with the thickness of 9 μm +2 μm is prepared. And (3) coating the functional coating dispersion liquid described in the preparation example 1 on the surface of the ceramic layer of the diaphragm to a coating thickness of 2-3 μm to obtain the ceramic diaphragm with the functional coating.
Example 4
Application of functional coating
The functional coating dispersion described in preparation example 2 was taken and spray dried to obtain a coating powder. Slurry for a ceramic separator of a lithium battery having a solid content of about 40% was prepared, and the above coating powder was added to the slurry formulation in an amount of 12% by weight of the ceramic powder. Specifically, the coating powder is uniformly dispersed in pure water in which a dispersant is dissolved in advance, and then the ceramic powder, the binder and the wetting agent are added in sequence and uniformly dispersed to obtain ceramic powder-coating powder mixed slurry. And coating the obtained slurry on the surface of a base film with the thickness of 9 mu m to obtain the ceramic diaphragm with the functional coating.
Example 5
Performance testing
And (3) particle size testing: taking a proper amount of dispersion to be tested, adding water to dilute the dispersion until the solid content is about 1.5%, and testing by using a laser particle sizer after ultrasonic oscillation for 5 min.
And (3) testing the peel strength: after the ceramic diaphragm with the functional coating and the lithium iron phosphate positive plate in the embodiments 3 and 4 are respectively bonded by cold pressing and hot pressing, the 180-degree peel strength of the diaphragm and the plate after hot pressing is tested according to the method in GB/T2792-2014. The pressure of cold pressing and hot pressing is 1MPa, the cold pressing temperature is room temperature, and the hot pressing temperature is 80 ℃. The test results are shown in the following table.
Claims (9)
1. A functional coating composition for a secondary battery diaphragm is characterized in that the composition is organic polymer particles with a core-shell structure, and the particle size D50 is 1-20 mu m; the particles comprise a supporting layer positioned on a core layer and an adhesive layer positioned on a shell layer, and the weight ratio of the core to the shell is 1:0.3 to 9.
2. The functional coating composition for a secondary battery separator according to claim 1, wherein the glass transition temperature of the support layer is 60 to 200 ℃ and the glass transition temperature of the adhesive layer is-100 to 20 ℃.
3. A functional coating for a secondary battery separator, which is a heterogeneous dispersion comprising: the composition, dispersion medium and dispersant of claim 1 or 2.
4. The functional coating for a secondary battery separator according to claim 3, wherein the dispersion medium comprises water.
5. The functional coating layer for a secondary battery separator according to claim 4, wherein the dispersion medium further comprises an organic solvent miscible with water in any ratio.
6. The functional coating for a secondary battery separator according to claim 3, wherein the dispersant is a water-soluble polymer having a molecular weight of not less than 300, and the mass fraction of the water-soluble polymer in the dispersion is 0.01% to 10%.
7. The functional coating for a secondary battery separator according to claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of the composition in the dispersion is 5% to 40%.
8. Use of the functional coating composition of claim 1 or 2 in a secondary battery separator.
9. Use of the functional coating of any of claims 3 to 7 in a secondary battery separator.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN111048786A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 | Emulsion type binder containing inorganic/organic core-shell structure and lithium ion battery |
CN112341961A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-09 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Adhesive, diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
CN113131094A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-16 | 东莞市溢兴新材料科技有限公司 | High-adhesion polymer coating diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
CN114149549A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-08 | 湖南高瑞电源材料有限公司 | Core-shell emulsion and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114937852A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏厚生新能源科技有限公司 | Modified polyester coating type battery diaphragm |
CN115172754A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 深圳市皓飞实业有限公司 | Water-based binder, preparation method, diaphragm and lithium ion battery |
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CN111048786A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-21 | 珠海冠宇电池有限公司 | Emulsion type binder containing inorganic/organic core-shell structure and lithium ion battery |
CN112341961A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-02-09 | 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 | Adhesive, diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
CN113131094A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-07-16 | 东莞市溢兴新材料科技有限公司 | High-adhesion polymer coating diaphragm and preparation method thereof |
CN114149549A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-08 | 湖南高瑞电源材料有限公司 | Core-shell emulsion and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114937852A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-08-23 | 江苏厚生新能源科技有限公司 | Modified polyester coating type battery diaphragm |
CN115172754A (en) * | 2022-08-17 | 2022-10-11 | 深圳市皓飞实业有限公司 | Water-based binder, preparation method, diaphragm and lithium ion battery |
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