CN115496314A - Fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method - Google Patents

Fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method Download PDF

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CN115496314A
CN115496314A CN202210076548.9A CN202210076548A CN115496314A CN 115496314 A CN115496314 A CN 115496314A CN 202210076548 A CN202210076548 A CN 202210076548A CN 115496314 A CN115496314 A CN 115496314A
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汤红亮
高明
徐强
赵常跃
赵文真
陈丽丽
袁方杰
何利勇
苏青青
张宝星
彭华勇
冯强
袁志永
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Abstract

The invention discloses an assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method, which comprises the steps of obtaining main index attributes of safety risk assessment through an improved principal component analysis algorithm and determining corresponding weights by adopting an improved analytic hierarchy process; using the main index attributes and the corresponding weights as input of a case reasoning algorithm, obtaining the similarity of the current case and all cases in a case library in the case reasoning algorithm, and using the evaluation grade of the case as a risk evaluation result if the case similarity value with the maximum similarity is greater than a preset threshold value; and if the similarity values are all smaller than the preset threshold value, outputting the result of the safety risk evaluation of the assembly type building construction through a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, and inputting the result of the safety risk evaluation of the assembly type building construction as a new case into a case library in a case reasoning algorithm. The method for evaluating the construction safety risk of the fabricated building improves the evaluation accuracy of the construction safety risk of the fabricated building.

Description

Fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of assembly type building construction safety risk assessment, in particular to an assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method.
Background
Compared with the traditional building, the fabricated building has the advantages of short construction period, high building quality, energy conservation and environmental protection; the assembly type building adopts the processes of standardized design, member factory production, mechanical assembly construction and informatization management; particularly, in the construction stage, a special construction process of member prefabrication and on-site splicing installation is mainly adopted, so that the risk factors of the fabricated building are more diversified in the construction process compared with the traditional building, and the risk factors in the construction process of the fabricated building are not neglected. The construction process is the most core and the most complex stage of the whole engineering project, the related elements mainly comprise human, material, machinery, management, environment and other elements, the human factors are mainly embodied in that the implementation of the engineering project depends on huge technical personnel, and the complex environment of a construction site is added, so that the safety of the personnel has greater potential risk; in terms of material factors, because the production of the components of the fabricated building is completed in a prefabrication plant, potential quality risks and cost risks exist in the process of transporting the components to the site; in the aspect of equipment factors, a large amount of machine equipment is required in the component assembling process, the mechanical assembling efficiency directly determines the project construction period, and the project construction period is also a potential risk; in the aspect of management factors, the core of management in the construction process is coordination, and an effective management mechanism not only influences the quality of a project, but also greatly influences the construction period of the project and the timely communication and communication of information, so that the information is also a potential risk; environmental factors, primarily with respect to building market fluctuations and consumer awareness of the fabricated structures, constitute environmental potential risks for the fabricated structures. The risk assessment in the construction stage of the assembly type building is researched, on one hand, the key target in the construction process of the assembly type project is favorably realized, the assembly type building development can be promoted, and on the other hand, reference is provided for risk management and control in other stages in the whole life cycle of the assembly type project.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method, which improves the accuracy of the assembly type building construction safety risk assessment.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a construction safety risk assessment method for an assembly type building specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preliminarily determining index attributes influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building, corresponding risk level grading and improvement measures of the fabricated building construction through field on-site investigation and priori knowledge;
(2) Taking the preliminarily determined index attribute influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building in the step (1) as the input of an improved principal component analysis algorithm, and calculating by the improved principal component analysis algorithm to obtain a main index attribute influencing the construction safety risk evaluation of the fabricated building;
(3) Calculating the weight of the main index attribute by an improved analytic hierarchy process;
(4) Taking the main index attributes and corresponding weights in the step (2), the corresponding risk level of the assembly type building construction and improvement measures as the input of a case reasoning algorithm, obtaining the similarity between a current case and all cases in a case base in the case reasoning algorithm, and taking the evaluation level of the case as a risk evaluation result influencing the assembly type building construction safety if the case similarity value with the maximum similarity is greater than a preset threshold value;
(5) And (4) if the similarity values obtained in the step (4) are all smaller than the preset threshold value, taking the main index attribute in the step (2) and the weight in the step (3) as the input of the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, outputting the result as an assembly building construction safety risk assessment result, and inputting the assembly building construction safety risk assessment result as a new case into a case base in a case reasoning algorithm.
Further, the index attributes influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building in the step (1) include: the construction method comprises the following steps of establishing and executing safety education and risk conditions of assembly type construction, managing personnel field health, safety management and protection management level, safety awareness of operating personnel, construction personnel technical level, operator violation operation condition, operator overload construction condition, management level of managers, construction complexity, selection of mechanical equipment, lifting equipment failure, equipment abrasion and aging degree, equipment periodic inspection and maintenance, intelligent monitoring equipment and technology, safety of a construction working area, operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, defects of safety protection processing technologies such as a temporary support system and the like, construction process defects of attachment measures of lifting equipment of prefabricated parts and the like, construction technical defects of assembly of the prefabricated parts and processing of key parts and the like, construction organization design and special construction scheme, safety technical specifications and operation rules, safety technical bottoms, visibility of a construction field, narrow operation area of the operating personnel, safety of scaffold erection, safety warning board configuration of the construction field, messy degree of the construction field, season influence, establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems, safety education and risk conditions of assembly type construction, training capability of managers, safety management and protection level, emergency management and processing level.
Further, the step (2) specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
(2.1) averaging the input index Properties
Figure BDA0003484252930000021
And calculating a mean covariance
Figure BDA0003484252930000022
Wherein x is ij Representing the jth index attribute of the ith sample,
Figure BDA0003484252930000023
represents the mean of the jth index attribute,
Figure BDA0003484252930000024
n denotes the number of index attributes, j denotes the index of n, y ij Represents the jth index attribute of the ith sample subjected to the equalization processing, N represents the number of samples, i represents the index of N,
Figure BDA0003484252930000025
indicating the proportion of the jth index attribute in the sample,
Figure BDA0003484252930000026
(2.2) calculating the score F of each index attribute by using the index attribute subjected to the averaging processing as a principal component j ＝u 1j y 1j +u 2j y 2j +…+u Nj y Nj ；
And (2.3) ranking the scores of the index attributes from high to low, and taking the index attribute with the score exceeding 0.85 as a main index attribute.
Further, the main index attributes include: the construction technology defects exist in the safety of scaffold erection, the technical level of constructors, the assembly of prefabricated parts, the treatment of key parts and the like, the management level of managers, the operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, the safety awareness of operators, the visibility of construction sites, the adhesion measures of hoisting equipment of the prefabricated parts and the like, the construction technology defects exist in the safety protection treatment technologies such as equipment regular inspection and maintenance, temporary support systems and the like, the site risk management capability of managers, the accident prevention and emergency treatment level, and the establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems.
Further, the step (3) includes the following sub-steps:
(3.1) according to the importance ratio of the p-th main index attribute to the q-th main index attribute
Figure BDA0003484252930000031
g =1, 2. -, N, h =1, 2. -, N, p =1, 2. -, m, q =1, 2. -, m, calculating the elements in the optimal transfer matrix D
Figure BDA0003484252930000032
Wherein m represents the number of main index attributes, p and q represent the index of m, N represents the number of samples, and g and h both represent the index of N;
(3.2) according to the element d in the optimal transfer matrix pq Finding elements in a pseudo-optimal consensus matrix C
Figure BDA0003484252930000033
And (3.3) solving the characteristic value of the quasi-optimal consistent matrix C, finding out the maximum characteristic value, calculating the ratio of the characteristic value to the maximum characteristic value, and taking the ratio as the weight of the corresponding main index attribute.
Further, the calculation process of the similarity in the step (4) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003484252930000034
Figure BDA0003484252930000035
wherein S is t The t-th main index attribute, C, representing the new case i All index attributes corresponding to the ith case in the case base are represented, and N represents the index attributes in the case baseM represents the number of index attributes, sim (S), contained in each case t ,C i ) The similarity, omega, corresponding to the t-th main index attribute of the new case is represented t Represents the weight corresponding to the t-th main index attribute, sim(s) t ,c i ) And representing the corresponding similarity of the new case and the ith case in the case library.
Further, in the step (4), if the case similarity value with the maximum similarity is larger than a preset threshold value, judging whether the similar case accords with a new case, if so, reusing the case, and if not, adjusting and modifying the current case until the modified case accords with the standard of the new case, reusing the case, and obtaining the risk level of the current assembly type building construction and corresponding improvement measures from the solved case.
Further, the result of the fabricated building construction safety risk assessment in the step (5) is as follows:
B z ＝W z *R z ，
wherein, B z Showing the evaluation result of the z-th factor affecting the safety of the fabricated building construction, W z Set of corresponding primary index attribute weights, R, representing the z-th factor affecting the prefabricated building construction safety risk z And (4) representing the risk grade score of the z-th risk factor influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building.
Further, the factors influencing the construction safety risk of the fabricated building are as follows: human factors, equipment factors, technical factors, environmental factors, and administrative factors.
Further, the main index attributes included in the human factors are: constructor technical level, manager management level and operator safety awareness, wherein the main index attributes in the equipment factors are as follows: the operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, and the regular inspection and maintenance of the equipment, wherein the technical factors comprise the following main index attributes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) having defects in safety protection processing technologies such as temporary support systems, construction process defects in attachment measures of hoisting equipment of prefabricated parts and the like, and construction technical defects in assembly of prefabricated construction and processing of key parts, wherein the main index attributes included in environmental factors are as follows: visibility of a construction site and safety of scaffold erection, and the management factors comprise the following main index attributes: the establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems, the field risk management capability of managers, and the accident prevention and emergency treatment level.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for evaluating the safety risk of the assembly type building construction determines the safety risk index set of the assembly type building construction and the corresponding weight information by adopting a more scientific method, reduces the uncertainty of the traditional manual determination of the index weight, adopts a case reasoning algorithm to search for similar cases, greatly enhances the accuracy of the safety risk evaluation of the assembly type building construction, and finally adopts a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method to provide a safety risk evaluation result, so that the potential safety hazard existing in the assembly type building construction process can be scientifically pointed out, and a theoretical basis is provided for the improvement of the safety risk evaluation result.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the intelligent assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the intelligent assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method of the present invention, and the assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method specifically includes the following steps:
(1) Preliminarily determining index attributes influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building, corresponding risk level grading and improvement measures of the fabricated building construction through field on-site investigation and priori knowledge; index attributes influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building comprise: the construction method comprises the following steps of establishing and executing safety education and risk conditions of assembly type construction, managing personnel field health, safety management and protection management level, safety awareness of operating personnel, construction personnel technical level, operator violation operation condition, operator overload construction condition, management level of managers, construction complexity, selection of mechanical equipment, lifting equipment failure, equipment abrasion and aging degree, equipment periodic inspection and maintenance, intelligent monitoring equipment and technology, safety of a construction working area, operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, defects of safety protection processing technologies such as a temporary support system and the like, construction process defects of attachment measures of lifting equipment of prefabricated parts and the like, construction technical defects of assembly of the prefabricated parts and processing of key parts and the like, construction organization design and special construction scheme, safety technical specifications and operation rules, safety technical bottoms, visibility of a construction field, narrow operation area of the operating personnel, safety of scaffold erection, safety warning board configuration of the construction field, messy degree of the construction field, season influence, establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems, safety education and risk conditions of assembly type construction, training capability of managers, safety management and protection level, emergency management and processing level.
(2) Because the index attributes influencing the construction safety of the assembly type building in the step (1) are various and have high correlation, the index attributes are not suitable for directly adopting the index attributes to evaluate the construction safety risk of the assembly type building, the redundant indexes are removed by an improved principal component analysis method to reduce the correlation among the indexes, and then a more accurate and complete evaluation index is obtained, therefore, the index attributes influencing the construction safety of the assembly type building, which are preliminarily determined in the step (1), are used as the input of an improved principal component analysis algorithm, and the main index attributes influencing the construction safety risk evaluation of the assembly type building are obtained through the calculation of the improved principal component analysis algorithm, which specifically comprises the following substeps:
(2.1) averaging the input index Properties
Figure BDA0003484252930000051
And calculating a mean covariance
Figure BDA0003484252930000052
Wherein x is ij Represents the jth index attribute of the ith sample,
Figure BDA0003484252930000053
represents the mean of the jth index attribute,
Figure BDA0003484252930000054
n denotes the number of index attributes, j denotes the index of n, y ij Denotes the j index attribute of the ith sample subjected to averaging processing, N denotes the number of samples, i denotes the index of N,
Figure BDA0003484252930000055
indicating the proportion of the jth index attribute in the sample,
Figure BDA0003484252930000056
(2.2) calculating the score F of each index attribute by using the index attribute subjected to the averaging processing as a principal component j ＝u 1j y 1j +u 2j y 2j +…+u Nj y Nj ；
And (2.3) ranking the scores of the index attributes from high to low, and taking the index attribute with the score exceeding 0.85 as a main index attribute. The main index attributes in the invention include: the construction technology defects exist in the safety of scaffold erection, the technical level of constructors, the assembly of prefabricated parts, the treatment of key parts and the like, the management level of managers, the operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, the safety awareness of operators, the visibility of construction sites, the adhesion measures of hoisting equipment of the prefabricated parts and the like, the construction technology defects exist in the safety protection treatment technologies such as equipment regular inspection and maintenance, temporary support systems and the like, the site risk management capability of managers, the accident prevention and emergency treatment level, and the establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems.
(3) The method for calculating the weight of the main index attribute through the improved analytic hierarchy process to reduce the calculation error of the weight specifically comprises the following substeps:
(3.1) according to the importance ratio of the p-th main index attribute to the q-th main index attribute
Figure BDA0003484252930000061
g =1,2, 1, N, h =1,2, 1, N, p =1,2, 1, m, q =1,2, m, the optimal calculation being calculatedElements in the transfer matrix D
Figure BDA0003484252930000062
Wherein m represents the number of main index attributes, p and q represent the index of m, N represents the number of samples, and g and h both represent the index of N;
(3.2) according to the element d in the optimal transfer matrix pq Finding elements in a pseudo-optimal uniform matrix C
Figure BDA0003484252930000063
And (3.3) solving the eigenvalue of the quasi-optimal consistent matrix C, finding out the maximum eigenvalue, calculating the ratio of the eigenvalue to the maximum eigenvalue, and taking the ratio as the weight of the corresponding main index attribute.
(4) And (3) taking the main index attributes and corresponding weights in the step (2), the corresponding risk level of the assembly building construction and the improvement measures as input of a case-based reasoning algorithm, obtaining the similarity between the current case and all cases in a case base in the case-based reasoning algorithm, if the case similarity with the maximum similarity is greater than a preset threshold, taking the evaluation level of the case as a risk evaluation result influencing the construction safety of the assembly building, specifically, if the case similarity with the maximum similarity is greater than the preset threshold, judging whether the similar case conforms to a new case, if so, reusing the case, otherwise, adjusting and modifying the current case until the modified case conforms to the standard of the new case, reusing the case, and obtaining the risk level of the current assembly building construction and the corresponding improvement measures from the case.
The calculation process of the similarity in the invention is as follows:
Figure BDA0003484252930000064
Figure BDA0003484252930000065
wherein S is t The t-th main index attribute, C, representing a new case i All index attributes corresponding to the ith case in the case base are shown, N shows the number of cases in the case base, m shows the number of index attributes contained in each case, sim (S) t ,C i ) The similarity, omega, corresponding to the t-th main index attribute of the new case is represented t Represents the weight corresponding to the t-th main index attribute, sim(s) t ,c i ) And representing the similarity of the new case and the ith case in the case library.
(5) If the similarity values obtained in the step (4) are all smaller than the preset threshold value, the main index attributes in the step (2) and the weight in the step (3) are used as the input of a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, the output is an assembly building construction safety risk assessment result, and the assembly building construction safety risk assessment result is used as a new case and is input into a case base in a case reasoning algorithm; the result of the safety risk assessment of the fabricated building construction is as follows:
B z ＝W z *R z ，
wherein, B z Showing the evaluation result of the z-th factor affecting the safety of the fabricated building construction, W z Set of corresponding primary index attribute weights, R, representing the z-th factor affecting the safety risk of assembly building construction z And (4) representing the risk grade score of the z-th risk factor influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building. The factors influencing the safety risk of the assembly type building construction are as follows: human factors, equipment factors, technical factors, environmental factors, management factors; the main index attributes included in the artifacts are: constructor technical level, managers' management level, operating personnel safety awareness, the main index attribute that includes in the equipment factor is: the operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, and the regular inspection and maintenance of the equipment, wherein the technical factors comprise the following main index attributes: the method comprises the following steps of having defects in safety protection treatment technologies such as temporary support systems, having defects in construction processes such as attachment measures of hoisting equipment of prefabricated parts, having defects in construction technologies such as assembly of prefabricated parts and treatment of key parts, wherein the main index attribute included in environmental factors is: visibility of a construction site and safety of scaffold erection, and the management factors comprise the following main index attributes: the establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems, the field risk management capability of managers, and the accident prevention and emergency treatment level.
Examples
Taking an SH certain assembly type building construction project as an example, the assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preliminarily determining index attributes influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building through field on-site investigation and priori knowledge from five aspects of human factors, equipment factors, technical factors, environmental factors and management factors;
(2) Taking the index attribute influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building preliminarily determined in the step (1) as the input of an improved principal component analysis algorithm, and calculating by the improved principal component analysis algorithm to obtain a main index attribute influencing the construction safety risk evaluation of the fabricated building, wherein the method specifically comprises the following substeps:
(2.1) averaging the input index Properties
Figure BDA0003484252930000071
And calculating a mean covariance
Figure BDA0003484252930000072
Wherein x is ij Represents the jth index attribute of the ith sample,
Figure BDA0003484252930000073
represents the mean of the jth index attribute,
Figure BDA0003484252930000074
n denotes the number of index attributes, j denotes the index of n, y ij Denotes the j index attribute of the ith sample subjected to averaging processing, N denotes the number of samples, i denotes the index of N,
Figure BDA0003484252930000075
represents the ratio of j index attribute in the sampleThe weight of the steel is heavy,
Figure BDA0003484252930000081
(2.2) calculating the score F of each index attribute by using the index attribute subjected to the averaging processing as a principal component j ＝u 1j y 1j +u 2j y 2j +…+u Nj y Nj ；
(2.3) ranking the scores of the index attributes from high to low, and using the scores exceeding 0.85 as the main index attributes, the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 fabricated building construction safety evaluation index Attribute
Figure BDA0003484252930000082
Figure BDA0003484252930000091
(3) Calculating the weight of the main index attribute by an improved analytic hierarchy process, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
(3.1) determining the importance ratio of the p-th main index attribute to the q-th main index attribute
Figure BDA0003484252930000092
g =1,2, 1, N, h =1,2, 1, N, p =1,2, 1, m, q =1,2, m, elements in the optimal transfer matrix D are calculated
Figure BDA0003484252930000093
Wherein m represents the number of main index attributes, p and q represent the index of m, N represents the number of samples, and g and h both represent the index of N;
(3.2) according to the element d in the optimal transfer matrix pq Finding elements in a pseudo-optimal uniform matrix C
Figure BDA0003484252930000094
(3.3) solving the characteristic value of the quasi-optimal consistent matrix C, finding out the maximum characteristic value, calculating the ratio of the characteristic value to the maximum characteristic value, taking the ratio as the weight of the corresponding main index attribute, and giving the weight of the main index attribute of the assembly type building construction safety assessment in the table 2:
TABLE 2 weight of main index system for safety evaluation of prefabricated building construction
Figure BDA0003484252930000095
Figure BDA0003484252930000101
(4) Taking the main index attributes and corresponding weights in the step (2), the corresponding risk level of the assembly building construction and improvement measures as input of a case reasoning algorithm, obtaining the similarity of a current case and all cases in a case base in the case reasoning algorithm, and taking the evaluation level of the case as a risk evaluation result influencing the assembly building construction safety if the case similarity value with the maximum similarity is greater than a preset threshold value;
(5) And (4) if the similarity values obtained in the step (4) are all smaller than the preset threshold value, taking the main index attribute in the step (2) and the weight in the step (3) as the input of the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, outputting the result as an assembly building construction safety risk assessment result, and inputting the assembly building construction safety risk assessment result as a new case into a case base in a case reasoning algorithm.
Specifically, in this embodiment, questionnaires are performed on the experts related to the engineering project by means of questionnaires, the selection of experts is strictly screened, 10 experts are respectively selected from the personnel at the level higher than the length of the safety work of the construction unit, the construction unit and the supervision unit, the actual situation of the project safety management is scored according to the actual situation, and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation level set is shown in table 3:
TABLE 3 fuzzy comprehensive evaluation grade set
Figure BDA0003484252930000102
Figure BDA0003484252930000111
Normalizing the main index attributes to obtain a fuzzy matrix, specifically:
determination matrix of human factors
Figure BDA0003484252930000112
Decision matrix of device factors
Figure BDA0003484252930000113
Judgment matrix of technical factors
Figure BDA0003484252930000114
Judgment matrix of environmental factors
Figure BDA0003484252930000115
Decision matrix of management factors
Figure BDA0003484252930000116
From table 3, the weight matrix of the impact factors of the fabricated building construction safety evaluation can be obtained as follows:
weight matrix W of artifacts 1 ＝(0.2319,0.0702,0.0625)，
Weight matrix W of device factors 2 ＝(0.0638,0.0268)，
Weight matrix W of technical factors 3 ＝(0.022,0.0388,0.1503)，
Weight matrix W of environmental factors 4 ＝(0.0478,0.2423)，
Weight matrix W of management factors 5 ＝(0.011,0.0167,0.0159)，
The safety risk assessment result of the assembly type building construction is as follows:
B z ＝W z *R z ，
wherein, B z Represents the evaluation result of the z-th factor affecting the safety of the fabricated building construction, W z Set of corresponding primary index attribute weights, R, representing the z-th factor affecting the prefabricated building construction safety risk z And (3) representing the risk grade score of the z-th factor influencing the construction safety risk of the fabricated building, and obtaining the following result through calculation:
Figure BDA0003484252930000121
Figure BDA0003484252930000122
Figure BDA0003484252930000123
Figure BDA0003484252930000124
Figure BDA0003484252930000125
the comprehensive evaluation process of the main index attributes comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003484252930000126
and analyzing the result of the fabricated building construction safety risk assessment corresponding to the early warning level, wherein the artificial factor is light alarm, the equipment factor is light alarm, the environmental factor is heavy alarm, the technical factor is medium alarm, the management factor is medium alarm, the evaluation of the whole project is analyzed, and the final evaluation result of the engineering project is medium alarm.
And corresponding improvement measures are made according to the evaluation results, the project is in a middle-alarm state, the evaluation results are not ideal, and related measures are made to improve the management level of the project. From the above analysis, the environmental factor evaluation is a heavy alarm, and the technical factor evaluation result is a medium alarm, so that improvement measures need to be made on the aspects of environment, technology, management and the like:
in the aspect of environment, the safety protection of the periphery of a ditch, a pit, a groove and a deep foundation is enhanced, and the casualties and the safety accidents are avoided. And for the cross operation, a work plan needs to be made in advance, and the condition that multiple items of work are performed in a cross way is avoided as much as possible. The environment of a construction site is convenient for construction, the lighting and the like meet the use requirements of construction, and the construction safety is ensured. During construction, the seasonal change needs to be paid attention to in time, and particularly, when heavy rain and snow fall occur in summer and winter, safety protection measures need to be made.
In the technical aspect, the safety technical specification and the operation regulation are improved, and the use specification of the technology is emphasized. Construction organization design and special construction schemes are made according to the characteristics of engineering, construction environment and the like, and the special construction schemes are separately compiled for projects with stronger specialties such as construction electricity consumption, hoisting and hoisting operation, slope construction and the like; in the process of carrying out safety technology bottoming, bottoming is carried out on risk factors, construction schemes, standard standards, safety operation regulations and emergency measures by combining the conditions, characteristics and procedures of construction operation places; the investigation and the control to the hazard source are strengthened, and the potential safety hazard is eliminated in time in the bud state. A pointed emergency rescue plan should be formulated for major hazard sources and major environmental factors which may cause high-altitude falling, object striking, workshop collapse, electric shock, poisoning and other group injuries, and positions and links of a construction site where major safety accidents easily occur are monitored, and a major hazard source bulletin board is arranged; comprehensive training and guidance and bottom-crossing work of four new technologies are well done, and building construction safety accidents caused by lack of use experience or unskilled operation are reduced.
In the management aspect, an effective safety production early warning mechanism is established, a sound construction safety management mechanism and the setting of posts are established, and a safety early warning related department or organization is established to be responsible for data statistics and arrangement of early warning indexes of construction projects, evaluation and prediction of results, issuing of early warning information and the like. A sound and complete safety management system is established, safety education and training of constructors are enhanced, regular inspection of safety production is enhanced, and the like.
The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions that fall under the spirit of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method for evaluating the construction safety risk of the fabricated building is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preliminarily determining index attributes influencing the construction safety of the assembly type building, corresponding risk grade grading and improvement measures of the assembly type building construction through field investigation and priori knowledge;
(2) Taking the preliminarily determined index attribute influencing the construction safety of the fabricated building in the step (1) as the input of an improved principal component analysis algorithm, and calculating by the improved principal component analysis algorithm to obtain a main index attribute influencing the construction safety risk evaluation of the fabricated building;
(3) Calculating the weight of the main index attribute by an improved analytic hierarchy process;
(4) Taking the main index attributes and corresponding weights in the step (2), the corresponding risk level of the assembly building construction and improvement measures as input of a case reasoning algorithm, obtaining the similarity of a current case and all cases in a case base in the case reasoning algorithm, and taking the evaluation level of the case as a risk evaluation result influencing the assembly building construction safety if the case similarity value with the maximum similarity is greater than a preset threshold value;
(5) And (5) if the similarity values obtained in the step (4) are all smaller than a preset threshold value, taking the main index attribute in the step (2) and the weight in the step (3) as the input of a fuzzy comprehensive analysis method, outputting the result as an assembly building construction safety risk evaluation result, and inputting the assembly building construction safety risk evaluation result as a new case into a case base in a case reasoning algorithm.
2. The fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the index attributes influencing the fabricated building construction safety in step (1) comprise: the construction method comprises the following steps of establishing and executing safety education and risk conditions of assembly type construction, managing personnel field health, safety management and protection management level, safety awareness of operating personnel, construction personnel technical level, operator violation operation condition, operator overload construction condition, management level of managers, construction complexity, selection of mechanical equipment, lifting equipment failure, equipment abrasion and aging degree, equipment periodic inspection and maintenance, intelligent monitoring equipment and technology, safety of a construction working area, operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, defects of safety protection processing technologies such as a temporary support system and the like, construction process defects of attachment measures of lifting equipment of prefabricated parts and the like, construction technical defects of assembly of the prefabricated parts and processing of key parts and the like, construction organization design and special construction scheme, safety technical specifications and operation rules, safety technical bottoms, visibility of a construction field, narrow operation area of the operating personnel, safety of scaffold erection, safety warning board configuration of the construction field, messy degree of the construction field, season influence, establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems, safety education and risk conditions of assembly type construction, training capability of managers, safety management and protection level, emergency management and processing level.
3. The fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
(2.1) averaging the input index Properties
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000011
And calculating a mean covariance
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000012
Wherein x is ij Represents the jth index attribute of the ith sample,
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000013
represents the mean of the jth index attribute,
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000021
n denotes the number of index attributes, j denotes the index of n, y ij Denotes the j index attribute of the ith sample subjected to averaging processing, N denotes the number of samples, i denotes the index of N,
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000027
indicating the proportion of the jth index attribute in the sample,
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000022
(2.2) calculating the score F of each index attribute by using the index attribute subjected to the averaging processing as a principal component j ＝u 1j y 1j +u 2j y 2j +…+u Nj y Nj ；
And (2.3) ranking the scores of the index attributes from high to low, and taking the index attribute with the score exceeding 0.85 as a main index attribute.
4. The fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the main index attributes comprise: the construction technology defects exist in the safety of scaffold erection, the technical level of constructors, the assembly of prefabricated parts, the treatment of key parts and the like, the management level of managers, the operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, the safety awareness of operators, the visibility of construction sites, the adhesion measures of hoisting equipment of the prefabricated parts and the like, the construction technology defects exist in the safety protection treatment technologies such as equipment regular inspection and maintenance, temporary support systems and the like, the site risk management capability of managers, the accident prevention and emergency treatment level, and the establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems.
5. The assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) comprises the following sub-steps:
(3.1) according to the importance ratio of the p-th main index attribute to the q-th main index attribute
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000023
Computing elements in an optimal transfer matrix D
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000024
Wherein m represents the number of main index attributes, p and q represent the index of m, N represents the number of samples, and g and h both represent the index of N;
(3.2) according to the element d in the optimal transfer matrix pq Finding elements in a pseudo-optimal consensus matrix C
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000025
And (3.3) solving the characteristic value of the quasi-optimal consistent matrix C, finding out the maximum characteristic value, calculating the ratio of the characteristic value to the maximum characteristic value, and taking the ratio as the weight of the corresponding main index attribute.
6. The fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the similarity calculation process in the step (4) is as follows:
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000026
Figure RE-FDA0003579251830000031
wherein S is t The t-th main index attribute, C, representing a new case i All index attributes corresponding to the ith case in the case base are represented, N represents the number of cases in the case base, m represents the number of index attributes contained in each case, sim (S) t ,C i ) The similarity, omega, corresponding to the tth main index attribute of the new case t Represents the weight corresponding to the t-th main index attribute, sim(s) t ,c i ) And representing the similarity of the new case and the ith case in the case library.
7. The assembly building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (4), if the case similarity value with the maximum similarity is greater than a preset threshold, it is determined whether the similar case conforms to the new case, if so, case reuse is performed, if not, case adjustment and modification are performed on the current case until the modified case conforms to the standard of the new case, case reuse is performed, and the risk level of the current assembly building construction and corresponding improvement measures are obtained from the solved case.
8. The assembly type building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 1, wherein the assembly type building construction safety risk assessment result in the step (5) is as follows:
B z ＝W z *R z ，
wherein, B z Represents the evaluation result of the z-th factor affecting the safety of the fabricated building construction, W z Set of corresponding primary index attribute weights, R, representing the z-th factor affecting the prefabricated building construction safety risk z And (4) representing the risk grade score of the z-th risk factor influencing the construction safety of the prefabricated building.
9. The fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 8, wherein the factors affecting the fabricated building construction safety risk are divided into: human factors, equipment factors, technical factors, environmental factors, and administrative factors.
10. The fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method according to claim 9, wherein the human factors include main index attributes: constructor technical level, manager management level and operator safety awareness, wherein the main index attributes in the equipment factors are as follows: the operation and maintenance of professional assembly equipment, and the regular inspection and maintenance of the equipment, wherein the technical factors comprise the following main index attributes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) having defects in safety protection processing technologies such as temporary support systems, construction process defects in attachment measures of hoisting equipment of prefabricated parts and the like, and construction technical defects in assembly of prefabricated construction and processing of key parts, wherein the main index attributes included in environmental factors are as follows: visibility of a construction site and safety of scaffold erection, and the management factors comprise the following main index attributes: the establishment and execution conditions of safety management mechanisms and systems, the field risk management capability of managers, and the accident prevention and emergency treatment level.
CN202210076548.9A 2022-01-24 2022-01-24 Fabricated building construction safety risk assessment method Pending CN115496314A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116822967A (en) * 2023-08-28 2023-09-29 深圳市睿拓新科技有限公司 Project cost risk management method and management system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116822967A (en) * 2023-08-28 2023-09-29 深圳市睿拓新科技有限公司 Project cost risk management method and management system

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