CN115494287A - Analog front-end circuit and integrated circuit for alternating current and direct current separation - Google Patents

Analog front-end circuit and integrated circuit for alternating current and direct current separation Download PDF

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CN115494287A
CN115494287A CN202211138470.5A CN202211138470A CN115494287A CN 115494287 A CN115494287 A CN 115494287A CN 202211138470 A CN202211138470 A CN 202211138470A CN 115494287 A CN115494287 A CN 115494287A
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module
voltage
analog front
operational amplifier
adjustable
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安泊伟
鲁文高
陈中建
张雅聪
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Peking University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/0007—Frequency selective voltage or current level measuring
    • G01R19/0015—Frequency selective voltage or current level measuring separating AC and DC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/02—Modifications of amplifiers to raise the efficiency, e.g. gliding Class A stages, use of an auxiliary oscillation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/26—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements

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Abstract

The invention provides an analog front-end circuit and an integrated circuit for AC/DC current separation detection, and relates to the field of integrated circuits. The injection module receives photocurrent from the photodiode, performs parasitic capacitance isolation on the photocurrent, and transmits the generated stable alternating current/direct current to the feedback module and the source following module, the feedback module converts the stable alternating current/direct current into alternating voltage corresponding to alternating current components and transmits the alternating voltage to the integration module, and meanwhile, the alternating voltage is output through the low-pass filter. The integration module reverses the alternating voltage and acts on the source following module to suppress the direct current component and separate the alternating current component from the direct current component, so that the alternating voltage and the direct current voltage are obtained. The invention improves the accuracy of the detection result of the direct current signal while detecting the alternating current signal, and has the advantages of lower power consumption and noise of the whole circuit, configurable detection range of the whole analog front-end circuit and simple control circuit.

Description

Analog front-end circuit and integrated circuit for alternating current and direct current separation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of integrated circuits, in particular to an analog front-end circuit and an integrated circuit for alternating current and direct current separation detection.
Background
The existing analog front-end circuit for detecting weak current signals has the functions of separating and detecting mixed current signals including alternating current signals and direct current signals and simultaneously amplifying the weak current signals. However, due to the circuit structure of the conventional analog front-end circuit, when an ac signal is detected, a dc signal corresponding to a dc component is greatly affected, so that the accuracy of a dc signal detection result is poor, and the power consumption of the whole circuit is high and the noise is large.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention has been made to provide an analog front end circuit and an integrated circuit for ac/dc current separation detection that solve the above problems or partially solve the above problems.
A first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides an analog front-end circuit for ac/dc current separation detection, where the analog front-end circuit includes: the device comprises an injection module, a feedback module, an integration module and a source following module;
the injection module receives a photocurrent from a photodiode, performs parasitic capacitance isolation on the photocurrent, and transmits a generated stable alternating current and direct current to the feedback module and the source following module, wherein the stable alternating current and direct current comprises: an alternating current component and a direct current component;
the feedback module converts the stable alternating current and direct current into alternating voltage corresponding to the alternating current component, the alternating voltage is transmitted to the integration module, and meanwhile, the alternating voltage is output through a low-pass filter;
the integration module reverses the alternating current voltage and acts on the source following module to suppress the direct current component and separate the alternating current component from the direct current component, so that the alternating current voltage and the direct current voltage are obtained.
Optionally, the feedback module converts the alternating current component into an alternating current voltage, amplifies the alternating current voltage, transmits the amplified alternating current voltage to the integration module, and outputs the amplified alternating current voltage through a low-pass filter.
Optionally, the feedback module, the integration module, and the source follower module form a negative feedback loop.
Optionally, the injection module comprises: a first PMOS tube and a first operational amplifier;
the source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the inverting end of the first operational amplifier and receives the photocurrent;
the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier;
the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the feedback module and the source following module;
the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier receives a bias voltage.
Optionally, the feedback module comprises: the adjustable capacitor, the first adjustable resistor and the second operational amplifier are connected;
the first end of the adjustable capacitor, the first end of the adjustable first resistor and the inverting end of the second operational amplifier are connected with the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube;
the second end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the second end of the adjustable resistor, the output end of the second operational amplifier and the integration module respectively, and the second end of the adjustable capacitor outputs the alternating voltage to the low-pass filter and the integration module;
and the non-inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier receives a reference voltage.
Optionally, the integration module comprises: an integrating resistor, an integrating capacitor and a third operational amplifier;
the first end of the integrating resistor is connected with the second end of the adjustable capacitor, the second end of the adjustable resistor and the output end of the second operational amplifier respectively;
the second end of the integrating resistor is connected with the second end of the integrating capacitor and the inverting end of the third operational amplifier respectively;
the first end of the integrating capacitor is connected with the output end of the third operational amplifier and the source following module respectively;
and the non-inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier receives the reference voltage.
Optionally, the source follower module comprises: the second PMOS tube and the second adjustable resistor;
the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube and the inverting end of the second operational amplifier;
the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube is respectively connected with the first end of the integrating capacitor and the output end of the third operational amplifier;
the source electrode of the second PMOS tube is connected with the first end of the second adjustable resistor and outputs the direct-current voltage;
and the second end of the second adjustable resistor is grounded.
Optionally, the respective sizes of the first adjustable resistor, the second adjustable resistor and the adjustable capacitor are dynamically adjusted, so that corresponding alternating current components and corresponding direct current components are separated from photocurrents of different sizes under the condition of the photocurrents of different sizes;
the bandwidth of the analog front-end circuit is limited under the condition of different sizes of photocurrents by adjusting the sizes of the first adjustable resistor, the second adjustable resistor, the integrating capacitor, the integrating resistor and the adjustable capacitor.
Optionally, the magnitude of the ac voltage is detected at a second end of the first tunable capacitor, and the magnitude of the dc voltage is detected at a source of the second PMOS transistor, so as to obtain a transfer function H (S) and a high-pass cutoff frequency f of the analog front-end circuit 2 Low pass cut-off frequency f 1 The expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003853130270000031
Figure BDA0003853130270000032
Figure BDA0003853130270000033
where s denotes the generalization of Fourier transform, R 1 Represents the resistance value, R, of the integrating resistor 2 Representing the resistance, R, of said second adjustable resistor f Represents the resistance value of the first adjustable resistor, C 1 A capacitance value, C, representing the integrating capacitance f Representing a capacitance value of the tunable capacitance.
A second aspect of embodiments of the present invention provides an integrated circuit including an analog front-end circuit according to any one of the first aspects.
According to the analog front-end circuit for the alternating current and direct current separation detection, an injection module receives photocurrent from a photodiode, parasitic capacitance isolation is carried out on the photocurrent, and the generated stable alternating current and direct current are transmitted to a feedback module and a source following module; the feedback module converts the alternating current component into alternating current voltage and transmits the alternating current voltage to the integration module, and meanwhile, the alternating current voltage is output through the low-pass filter; the integration module reverses the alternating voltage and acts on the source following module to suppress the direct current component and separate the alternating current component from the direct current component, so that the alternating voltage and the direct current voltage are obtained.
Because the feedback module converts the photocurrent into a voltage signal and amplifies the voltage signal to be transmitted to the post-stage circuit, the integrating module inverts the voltage signal and acts the voltage signal on the input, and the direct current component of the stable alternating current and direct current is restrained, so that the separation of the direct current component and the alternating current component is realized, the bandwidth of the analog front end is limited, and the noise of the circuit is reduced. When alternating current signals are detected, the accuracy of direct current signal detection results is improved, and the whole circuit is low in power consumption and low in noise.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive labor.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an analog front-end circuit for detecting ac/dc current in a conventional manner;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an analog front-end circuit for ac/dc current separation detection according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
The inventor finds that the current common analog front end for detecting ac/dc current generally comprises a transimpedance amplifier, an adjustable gain module, and a low-pass filter, and referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of the current common analog front end for detecting ac/dc current is shown, which includes: the system comprises a transimpedance amplifier TIA, an adjustable gain module PA and a low-pass filter LPF. The transconductance amplifier TIA converts a weak photocurrent signal into a voltage signal, the adjustable gain module PA has the function of a high-pass filter, amplifies the converted voltage signal, and limits the bandwidth of the signal through a low-pass filter LPF, so that the purpose of suppressing noise is achieved.
However, when detecting an ac signal, the conventional analog front-end circuit may have a large influence on a dc signal corresponding to a dc component, which results in a poor accuracy of a dc signal detection result, and the whole circuit has high power consumption and large noise.
In view of the above problems, the inventor proposes the analog front end circuit for ac/dc current separation detection of the present invention creatively, and the following describes the analog front end circuit of the present invention in detail.
The invention provides an analog front-end circuit for AC/DC current separation detection, which comprises: the device comprises an injection module, a feedback module, an integration module and a source following module. The injection module receives the photocurrent from photodiode, carries out parasitic capacitance isolation to the photocurrent, and the stable alternating current-direct current transmission that produces is followed the module to feedback module and source, and this stable alternating current-direct current includes: an alternating current component and a direct current component. Generally, since the parasitic capacitance of the photodiode (generally, several hundred picofarads) affects the photocurrent and greatly affects the stability of the feedback module, the integration module, and the source follower module, the structure of the injection module is used for parasitic capacitance isolation at the input end of the photocurrent signal, so that the parasitic capacitance for stabilizing the ac/dc current is far smaller than the parasitic capacitance of the photodiode, and the stability of the feedback module, the integration module, and the source follower module is prevented from being affected.
The feedback module converts the stable alternating current into alternating voltage corresponding to the alternating current component, the alternating voltage is transmitted to the integration module, and meanwhile the alternating voltage is output through the low-pass filter. The feedback module converts the alternating current component into alternating current voltage, amplifies the alternating current voltage, transmits the alternating current voltage to the integration module, and outputs the alternating current voltage through the low-pass filter, so that the measurement and subsequent utilization of the alternating current voltage are facilitated.
The integration module reverses the alternating voltage and acts on the source following module to suppress the direct current component and separate the alternating current component from the direct current component, so that the alternating voltage and the direct current voltage are obtained. In essence, the feedback module, the integration module and the source following module integrally form a negative feedback loop, so that the accuracy of a direct current signal detection result is improved, the power consumption of the whole circuit is low, and the noise is low.
For better explaining the analog front-end circuit of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, a schematic structural diagram of a preferred analog front-end circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, where fig. 2 includes: photodiode PD, first PMOS tube M 0 A first operational amplifier OP 1 An adjustable capacitor C f A first adjustable resistor R f Second operational amplifier OP 2 Integrating resistor R 1 Integrating capacitor C 1 And a third operational amplifier OP 3 A second PMOS transistor M 1 And a second adjustable resistance R 2 。
Wherein, the injection module includes: first PMOS transistor M 0 The first operational amplifier OP 1 . First PMOS transistor M 0 Source and first operational amplifier OP 1 While receiving the photocurrent from the photodiode PD.
First PMOS tube M 0 Gate of and first operational amplifier OP 1 The output ends of the two-way valve are connected; first PMOS transistor M 0 The drain electrode of the feedback module is connected with the feedback module and the source following module; first operational amplifier OP 1 The non-inverting terminal of the transformer receives a bias voltage V BP 。
The feedback module comprises: adjustable capacitor C f A first adjustable resistor R f And a second operational amplifier OP 2 (ii) a Adjustable capacitor C f First terminal of (2), adjustable first resistance R f First terminal and second operational amplifier OP 2 The inverting terminals of the PMOS transistors are all connected with the first PMOS transistor M 0 Is connected to the drain of (1).
Adjustable capacitor C f Second terminal and adjustable resistor R f Second terminal of (3), second operational amplifier OP 2 Respectively connected to the integration module, an adjustable capacitor C f The second end of the transformer outputs alternating voltage to a low pass filter LPF and an integrating module. Second operational amplifier OP 2 The non-inverting terminal of (1) receives a reference voltage V CM . The output end of the low pass filter LPF outputs an alternating voltage V out_ac 。
The integration module comprises: integral resistor R 1 Integrating capacitor C 1 And a third operational amplifier OP 3 . Integrating resistor R 1 First terminal and adjustable capacitor C f Second terminal of (3), adjustable resistance R f Second terminal, second operational amplifier OP 2 Are respectively connected.
Integral resistor R 1 Second terminal and integrating capacitor C 1 Second terminal and third operational amplifier OP 3 The inverting terminals of the two are respectively connected; integrating capacitor C 1 First terminal and third operational amplifier OP 3 The output end of the source follower module is respectively connected with the source follower module; third operational amplifier OP 3 The non-inverting terminal of (1) receives a reference voltage V CM 。
The source follower module includes: second PMOS transistor M 1 And a second adjustable resistance R 2 . Second PMOS transistor M 1 Drain electrode of (1) and first PMOS tube M 0 OfOP of polar and second operational amplifier 2 The inverting terminals of the two are respectively connected; second PMOS transistor M 1 Gate and integrating capacitor C 1 First terminal and third operational amplifier OP 3 The output ends of the two are respectively connected; second PMOS transistor M 1 Source electrode of and a second adjustable resistor R 2 Is connected to output a DC voltage V out_dc (ii) a Second adjustable resistor R 2 The second terminal of (a) is grounded.
The feedback module converts the stabilized photocurrent into a voltage signal and amplifies the voltage signal to be transmitted to the post-stage circuit, wherein the dc component is isolated and the ac component is converted into an ac voltage at a node a in fig. 2, i.e. a first adjustable capacitor C f The second end of (a) is detected. The integration module suppresses the dc component of the stabilized photocurrent by inverting and applying the ac voltage signal to the input (i.e., the input of the source follower module), thereby achieving the separation of the dc and ac quantities. Alternating voltage and direct voltage are obtained.
The analog front-end circuit of the invention dynamically adjusts the first adjustable resistor R f A second adjustable resistor R 2 And an adjustable capacitance C f The sizes of the components are respectively used for realizing that under the condition of different sizes of photocurrents, corresponding alternating current components and corresponding direct current components are separated from the photocurrents with different sizes.
The analog front-end circuit of the invention adjusts the first adjustable resistor R f A second adjustable resistor R 2 Integrating capacitor C 1 Integrating resistor R 1 And an adjustable capacitance C f The sizes of the analog front-end circuits are respectively adjusted to limit the bandwidth of the analog front-end circuit under the condition of different sizes of photocurrents.
The magnitude of the alternating voltage is in a first adjustable capacitor C f Is detected at the second end (point a in fig. 2), and the magnitude of the dc voltage is detected at the second PMOS transistor M 1 Is detected to obtain the transfer function H (S) and the high-pass cut-off frequency f of the analog front-end circuit (point b in fig. 2) 2 Low pass cut-off frequency f 1 The expression of (c) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003853130270000071
Figure BDA0003853130270000072
Figure BDA0003853130270000073
where s denotes the generalization of the fourier variation (s = jw, w denotes the fourier variation), R 1 Representing the resistance of the integrating resistor, R 2 Representing the resistance, R, of the second adjustable resistor f Representing the resistance of the first adjustable resistor, C 1 Capacitance value, C, representing an integrating capacitance f Representing the capacitance value of the tunable capacitor.
According to the expression of H (S), the frequency spectrum of the whole analog front-end circuit is known to be a frequency spectrum graph similar to a band-pass filter according to f 1 And f 2 By adjusting the first adjustable resistance R f A second adjustable resistor R 2 Integrating capacitor C 1 Integrating resistor R 1 And an adjustable capacitor C f The sizes of the analog front-end circuit and the analog front-end circuit are respectively used for limiting the bandwidth of the analog front-end circuit under the condition of different sizes of photocurrents, so that the noise of the analog front-end circuit is reduced.
Based on the analog front-end circuit, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an integrated circuit, where the integrated circuit includes the analog front-end circuit as described in any of the above.
According to the analog front-end circuit provided by the invention, the injection module receives photocurrent from the photodiode, parasitic capacitance isolation is carried out on the photocurrent, and the generated stable alternating current and direct current are transmitted to the feedback module and the source following module; the feedback module converts the alternating current component into alternating current voltage and transmits the alternating current voltage to the integration module, and meanwhile, the alternating current voltage is output through the low-pass filter; the integration module reverses the alternating voltage and acts on the source following module to suppress the direct current component and separate the alternating current component from the direct current component, so that the alternating voltage and the direct current voltage are obtained.
Because the feedback module converts the photocurrent into a voltage signal and amplifies the voltage signal to be transmitted to the post-stage circuit, the integrating module inverts the voltage signal and acts the voltage signal on the input, and the direct current component of the stable alternating current and direct current is restrained, so that the separation of the direct current component and the alternating current component is realized, the bandwidth of the analog front end is limited, and the noise of the circuit is reduced. When the alternating current signal is detected, the accuracy of a direct current signal detection result is improved, the power consumption of the whole circuit is low, the noise is low, the detection range of the whole analog front-end circuit can be configured, and the control circuit is simple.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one of 8230, and" comprising 8230does not exclude the presence of additional like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but is intended to cover various modifications, equivalent arrangements, and equivalents thereof, which may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. An analog front-end circuit for ac/dc current separation detection, the analog front-end circuit comprising: the device comprises an injection module, a feedback module, an integration module and a source following module;
the injection module receives photocurrent from a photodiode, performs parasitic capacitance isolation on the photocurrent, and generates stable alternating current and direct current which is transmitted to the feedback module and the source following module, wherein the stable alternating current and direct current comprises: an alternating current component and a direct current component;
the feedback module converts the stable alternating current and direct current into alternating voltage corresponding to the alternating current component, the alternating voltage is transmitted to the integration module, and meanwhile, the alternating voltage is output through a low-pass filter;
the integration module reverses the alternating current voltage and acts on the source following module to suppress the direct current component and separate the alternating current component from the direct current component, so that the alternating current voltage and the direct current voltage are obtained.
2. The analog front-end circuit of claim 1, wherein the feedback module converts the ac component to an ac voltage, amplifies the ac voltage, transmits the amplified ac voltage to the integration module, and outputs the amplified ac voltage through a low-pass filter.
3. The analog front-end circuit of claim 1, wherein the feedback module, the integration module, and the source follower module form a negative feedback loop.
4. The analog front-end circuit of claim 1, wherein the injection module comprises: a first PMOS tube and a first operational amplifier;
the source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the inverting end of the first operational amplifier, and receives the photocurrent;
the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the output end of the first operational amplifier;
the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with the feedback module and the source following module;
the non-inverting terminal of the first operational amplifier receives a bias voltage.
5. The analog front-end circuit of claim 4, wherein the feedback module comprises: the adjustable capacitor, the first adjustable resistor and the second operational amplifier are connected;
the first end of the adjustable capacitor, the first end of the adjustable first resistor and the inverting end of the second operational amplifier are connected with the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube;
the second end of the adjustable capacitor is connected with the second end of the adjustable resistor, the output end of the second operational amplifier and the integration module respectively, and the second end of the adjustable capacitor outputs the alternating voltage to the low-pass filter and the integration module;
and the non-inverting terminal of the second operational amplifier receives a reference voltage.
6. The analog front-end circuit of claim 5, wherein the integration module comprises: an integrating resistor, an integrating capacitor and a third operational amplifier;
the first end of the integrating resistor is connected with the second end of the adjustable capacitor, the second end of the adjustable resistor and the output end of the second operational amplifier respectively;
the second end of the integrating resistor is connected with the second end of the integrating capacitor and the inverting end of the third operational amplifier respectively;
the first end of the integrating capacitor is connected with the output end of the third operational amplifier and the source following module respectively;
and the non-inverting terminal of the third operational amplifier receives the reference voltage.
7. The analog front-end circuit of claim 6, wherein the source follower module comprises: the second PMOS tube and the second adjustable resistor;
the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube is respectively connected with the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube and the inverting end of the second operational amplifier;
the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube is respectively connected with the first end of the integrating capacitor and the output end of the third operational amplifier;
the source electrode of the second PMOS tube is connected with the first end of the second adjustable resistor and outputs the direct-current voltage;
and the second end of the second adjustable resistor is grounded.
8. The analog front-end circuit of claim 7, wherein the first adjustable resistor, the second adjustable resistor and the adjustable capacitor are dynamically adjusted in size to separate the corresponding ac component and the corresponding dc component for different sizes of photocurrents;
the bandwidth of the analog front-end circuit is limited under the condition of different sizes of photocurrents by adjusting the sizes of the first adjustable resistor, the second adjustable resistor, the integrating capacitor, the integrating resistor and the adjustable capacitor.
9. The analog front-end circuit of claim 7, wherein a magnitude of the ac voltage is detected at the second end of the first tunable capacitor, and a magnitude of the dc voltage is detected at the source of the second PMOS transistor, so as to obtain a transfer function H (S), a high-pass cut-off frequency f of the analog front-end circuit 2 Low pass cut-off frequency f 1 The expression of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0003853130260000031
Figure FDA0003853130260000032
Figure FDA0003853130260000033
where s denotes the generalization of Fourier transform, R 1 Represents the resistance value, R, of the integrating resistor 2 Representing the resistance, R, of said second adjustable resistor f Representing the resistance value, C, of said first adjustable resistor 1 A capacitance value, C, representing the integrating capacitance f Representing a capacitance value of the tunable capacitance.
10. An integrated circuit comprising an analog front-end circuit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
CN202211138470.5A 2022-09-19 2022-09-19 Analog front-end circuit and integrated circuit for alternating current and direct current separation Pending CN115494287A (en)

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