CN115493694B - Multispectral polarization imaging system and method based on optical super-surface - Google Patents
Multispectral polarization imaging system and method based on optical super-surface Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/2823—Imaging spectrometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/02—Details
- G01J3/0205—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
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- G01J4/00—Measuring polarisation of light
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multispectral polarization imaging system and method based on an optical super surface. The system comprises a multispectral polarization imaging module, an imaging lens and a black-and-white camera. The multispectral polarization imaging module is formed by combining an optical filter and a vector diffraction super-surface structure. The multispectral polarization imaging module and the imaging lens are combined, the optical information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is imaged on the black-and-white camera in different areas, and the wavelength and polarization state information of the sample to be measured is obtained by post-processing the image intensity data on the camera. The invention can simply and quickly realize multispectral and full-polarization imaging, and has the advantages of compact structure, small volume and comprehensive acquisition of imaging information of a sample to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polarization imaging, in particular to a multispectral polarization imaging system and method based on an optical super-surface.
Background
The optical wave has physical characteristics of amplitude, phase, polarization, wavelength and the like, and the polarization and multispectral information of the target can be acquired, so that the measured target can be more clearly known, for example: the surface appearance, characteristics, material and the like of the object, thereby realizing the improvement of the imaging quality. At present, polarization imaging and multispectral imaging have important application in the fields of medical endoscopy, aerospace detection, military safety and the like. The traditional integrated polarization multispectral imaging method mainly comprises two methods: (1) The time-sharing scanning technology detects different polarization states and wavelength channels in a time-sharing mode in a mode of rotating the filter wheel, and the method is long in time consumption. (2) The method can only obtain the first three parameters in Stokes parameters representing polarization information at present, and the polarization information is incomplete. In addition, the traditional polarization imaging usually needs to use different light paths, and has the defects of frequent replacement of optical elements, large volume and complex structure.
The super surface is a plane optical element which is manufactured artificially and has sub-wavelength characteristic scale, can effectively regulate and control the characteristics of the electromagnetic wave such as amplitude, phase, polarization and the like, can realize the imaging of full Stokes parameters, and has comprehensive polarization information. However, the presently reported imaging based on the hyper-surface full stokes parameter works for a single wavelength, losing spectral information. In addition, the super-surface structure has the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy integration and large-area processing. The invention provides a method for simultaneously acquiring multispectral and full-stokes parameter information based on a super-surface element.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the conventional multispectral polarization imaging, the invention aims to provide a multispectral polarization imaging system and method based on an optical metasurface.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multispectral polarization imaging system based on optical super surface comprises a multispectral polarization imaging module composed of an optical filter and a vector diffraction super surface structure; the multispectral polarization imaging module is arranged at the pupil position of the imaging system;
the vector diffraction super-surface structure is formed by adopting a periodic unit structure with differentiated response to light waves in different polarization states, the optical filter is aligned and attached to the center of the vector diffraction super-surface structure, a sample to be detected is subjected to wavelength information extraction by the optical filter, the light information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is subjected to regional imaging on a black-and-white camera through an imaging lens under the diffraction effect of the periodic structure, and the spectrum and the polarization state information of the sample to be detected are obtained by carrying out data post-processing on the image intensity distribution on the black-and-white camera.
Further, the multispectral polarization imaging system is in a transmission mode or a reflection mode.
Furthermore, the vector diffraction super surface is formed by a substrate and a periodic array formed by nano-structure units on the substrate, and the nano-structure has anisotropy, specifically is a rectangular column, a grating, an elliptical hole or an elliptical column structure and is sensitive to polarization.
Further, the vector diffraction super surface structure material is divided into a reflective material and a transmissive material according to the working mode; the reflective material is a metal material and comprises aluminum, gold and silver; the transmissive material is a dielectric or semiconductor material including hafnium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon and germanium.
Furthermore, the vector diffraction super-surface structure has broadband working characteristics, and the regulation and control of amplitude, phase and polarization state are realized by adjusting the geometric dimension and the direction rotation angle of the nano structure and the relative position of the nano structure in the periodic unit; the phase encoding mode of the vector diffraction super-surface structure is a roundabout phase.
Further, the periodic unit structure of the vector diffraction super-surface structure adopts an aluminum nanorod periodic diffraction structure which is arranged in an orthogonal mode.
Furthermore, the optical filter can transmit a plurality of wavelengths in a narrow band, and is realized by designing a single optical filter to transmit a plurality of wave bands through coating or combining a plurality of optical filters with different wavelengths in a blocking manner.
Furthermore, before the imaging system is used for imaging the sample to be detected, the standard sample with known multispectral data and stokes parameter data is used for pre-calibrating the imaging intensity values of each wavelength channel and each stokes parameter.
Further, a black and white camera is used for photographing a sample to be detected to obtain image data, and a linear regression method is used for data processing by combining with pre-calibrated data to obtain wavelength and polarization state information of the sample to be detected.
The invention also provides an optical super-surface-based multispectral polarization imaging method based on the optical super-surface-based multispectral polarization imaging system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Aligning and attaching the optical filter with the center of the vector diffraction super-surface structure to form a multispectral polarization imaging module which is arranged at the pupil position of an imaging system;
(2) The wavelength information of a sample to be detected is extracted through an optical filter, and light information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is imaged on a black-and-white camera in regions through an imaging lens under the diffraction action of a vector diffraction super-surface structure;
(3) And processing the image intensity distribution on the black-and-white camera to obtain the spectrum and polarization state information of the sample to be detected.
The invention has the advantages that: the optical super-surface can effectively regulate and control the characteristics of electromagnetic wave such as amplitude, phase, polarization and the like, and the multispectral polarization imaging module combined with the optical filter has the advantages of small volume, light weight, easy integration, easy assembly and large-area processing.
The invention can realize multispectral and full-polarization information detection by one-time imaging, combines lens subarea imaging to a black-and-white camera, has the advantages of no need of switching light paths, no need of moving elements, no complex polarization elements, direct utilization of commercial black-and-white camera imaging and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a reflectance-type optical hyper-surface based multi-spectral polarization imaging system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmission-type optical hyper-surface based multi-spectral polarization imaging system.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the-1 st order diffraction path of multispectral incident light.
FIG. 4 is a multispectral bandpass filter operating characteristic curve, and data are from an Epimenbat optical (Shenzhen) official network.
FIG. 5 shows the distribution of image-plane focal points on which polarized parallel light having a wavelength of 520nm is incident in the horizontal direction (a) and the vertical direction (b).
Fig. 6 is a partial screenshot (a) and a structural diagram (b) of a polarization-sensitive hypersurface layout for multispectral operation.
FIG. 7 is a plot of Stokes parameters calibration.
Fig. 8 shows an object to be measured (a) and imaging information of the object captured by a black-and-white camera (b).
Fig. 9 shows the recovered spectral and polarization information.
The reference numbers in fig. 1 and 2 illustrate: 1. the device comprises a filter, 2. A vector diffraction super-surface structure, 3. An imaging lens and 4. A black and white CCD camera.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The following description will explain embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a multispectral polarization imaging system based on an optical super surface, which comprises a multispectral polarization imaging module formed by combining an optical filter and a vector diffraction super surface structure; the multispectral polarization imaging module is arranged at the pupil position of the imaging system;
the working mode of the embodiment of the invention is transmission type or reflection type, and the reflection type and transmission type light paths of the multispectral polarization imaging system are respectively shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. According to the working mode, the vector diffraction super-surface structure material is divided into a reflective material and a transmissive material; the reflective material is a metal material and comprises aluminum, gold and silver; the transmissive material is a dielectric or semiconductor material including hafnium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon and germanium. The multispectral band-pass filter is aligned and attached to the center of the vector diffraction super-surface element, the wavelength information of a sample to be measured is extracted through the filter 1 and is modulated by the vector diffraction super-surface structure 2, light information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is focused through the imaging lens 3 under the dispersion diffraction effect of the periodic structure, and the sample to be measured with different wavelengths and polarization information is imaged on the black-and-white CCD camera 4 in different areas. And performing data post-processing on the image intensity distribution on the black-and-white CCD camera 4 to obtain the spectrum and polarization state information of the sample to be detected.
The filter can be used for transmitting a plurality of wavelengths in a narrow band, and is realized by designing a single filter to transmit a plurality of wave bands through coating or combining a plurality of filters with different wavelengths in a blocking manner. In this embodiment, the multispectral bandpass filter has three passbands, and the central wavelengths are respectively located at 432 nm, 517 nm, and 615 nm (without limitation, the number of spectral passbands can be increased as required).
Said vector derivativeThe super-surface is composed of a substrate and a periodic array formed by nano-structure units on the substrate, and the nano-structure has anisotropy, specifically a rectangular column, a grating, an elliptical hole or an elliptical column structure, and is sensitive to polarization. And light with different wavelengths is imaged on an image plane in different regions under the diffraction effect of the periodic structure. The specific principle is as shown in FIG. 3, the image position and image size scaling of light with different wavelengths on the image plane are obtained by utilizing super-surface diffraction dispersion
Angle of diffraction of the-1 st order
Angle of incidence
The relationship of (a) can be obtained by the diffraction formula:
whereinP 0 Representing the grating period. Selecting a wavelength
Diffraction direction at = 520nm
The observation plane is perpendicular to the light emission direction as the light emission direction. The diffraction angles of the output light for other incident wavelengths can be expressed as:
phase change due to these diffraction angles
And change in diffraction center position
Can be represented as:
wherein
= f，fIs the lens focal length.
The imaging scale size varies from wavelength to wavelength, proportional to wavelength.
The vector diffraction super-surface structure has broadband working characteristics, and the regulation and control of amplitude, phase and polarization state are realized by adjusting the geometric dimension, the direction rotation angle and the relative position of the nano structure in the periodic unit. In this embodiment, the periodic unit structure of the vector diffraction super-surface structure adopts the aluminum nanorod periodic diffraction structure (not limited thereto) arranged in an orthogonal arrangement, and the roundabout phase of the corresponding polarization state is regulated and controlled by respectively changing the relative positions of the centers of the two orthogonal nanorods in the center of the periodic unit, so as to realize the differentiated response to the light waves in different polarization states. Specifically, according to Fourier transform of the lens, combined with a GS phase iterative algorithm, the phase distribution of the super surface corresponding to the corresponding polarized light wave is determined according to the multi-focus image surface distribution with preset amplitude, and therefore the structure of each pixel unit of the polarizing element is determined. The GS phase iterative algorithm specifically includes:
(1) Giving an initial random phase of a super-surface incident surface, and obtaining the complex amplitude distribution of a light field on an image plane through Fourier transform;
(2) The phase of the light field complex amplitude distribution of the image plane is unchanged, the amplitude is replaced by the set image plane amplitude distribution, and the light field complex amplitude distribution of the incident phase plane is obtained through inverse Fourier transform;
(3) The phase of the light field on the incident phase plane is unchanged, the amplitude is replaced by 1, and the complex amplitude distribution of the light field on the image plane is obtained through Fourier transform.
(4) Repeating the step (2) and the step (3) until the light field amplitude distribution on the image plane converges or reaches a set iteration number, and jumping out of a loop; and obtaining the phase distribution on the incident surface of the super surface.
The multispectral polarization imaging module composed of the optical filter and the super-surface element is arranged at the pupil position of an imaging system, before a sample to be detected is imaged by the imaging system, a standard sample with known multispectral data and stokes parameter data is needed to pre-calibrate imaging intensity values of all wavelength channels and all stokes parameters, parallel light incidence of combination of the multi-band-pass central wavelength (432, 517 and 615 nm) of the optical filter and four polarization states of horizontal line polarization, vertical line polarization, 45-degree linear polarization and right-hand circular polarization is respectively carried out, twelve focusing point intensity distribution diagrams under incidence conditions are obtained, focusing points under different wavelengths are distributed in different areas of an image surface, the focusing points under different polarization states also have certain intensity change distribution, and the intensity of each focusing point means the contribution superposition of the four stokes parameters.
The black and white CCD camera 4 is used to capture an image of the object to be measured. When an object to be detected is imaged on the black-and-white CCD camera 4 by the optical lens 3 through the multispectral polarization imaging module, image data is obtained, and information of the object to be detected under different wavelength and different polarization state channels is recovered by combining pre-calibration data of multi-channel imaging and adopting a data post-processing method such as linear regression.
On the other hand, based on the multispectral polarization imaging system of the optical super surface, the invention also provides a multispectral polarization imaging method based on the optical super surface, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Aligning and attaching the optical filter with the center of the vector diffraction super-surface structure to form a multispectral polarization imaging module which is arranged at the pupil position of an imaging system;
(2) The wavelength information of a sample to be detected is extracted through an optical filter, and light information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is imaged on a black-and-white camera in regions through an imaging lens under the diffraction action of a vector diffraction super-surface structure;
(3) And processing the image intensity distribution on the black-and-white camera to obtain the spectrum and polarization state information of the sample to be detected.
Specific application examples are as follows: the multispectral band-pass filter working characteristic curve is shown in fig. 4, and data are from the Epimen optical (Shenzhen) official network.
The super-surface is composed of two aluminum nanorods which are orthogonally arranged as periodic units and are used for reflective imaging, the length and the width of each nanorod are 160 nm and 60 nm respectively, the thickness of each nanorod is 30 nm, incident light waves in different polarization states have different intensity distributions on an image plane by regulating and controlling a roundabout phase value, and the image plane intensity distributions of horizontally and vertically polarized incident light with the wavelength of 520nm are shown as (a) in fig. 4 and (b) in fig. 5. The distribution of the super-surface nanorod structures is shown in the layout of layout (a) in fig. 6. The entire structure is as shown in (b) of fig. 6, and the substrate is a silicon oxide film 100 nm thick and an aluminum substrate from top to bottom.
The multispectral and polarization-based imaging intensities are pre-calibrated, and are respectively incident with parallel light with wavelengths of 432 nm, 517 nm and 615 nm, horizontal linear polarization, vertical linear polarization, 45-degree linear polarization and right-handed circular polarization, and the intensity distribution of a focusing point is shown in fig. 7.
When an object shown in fig. 8 (a) is imaged on a black-and-white camera by the above-described super-surface module-added optical lens, a captured image is shown in fig. 8 (b).
Based on the multi-channel imaging data of the multi-spectrum and full stokes parameters of the pre-calibration object, the wavelength and stokes parameter channel information of the object are recovered by using a linear regression equation, and as shown in fig. 9, the wavelength and stokes parameter channel information are consistent with the real information of the objects in table 1.
TABLE 1
The nanorod unit structures are the same in size. The diffraction efficiency, the polarization state extinction ratio and the resonance bandwidth can be used as optimization targets, and the size parameters of the nanorod unit structure can be further optimized.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly recognize the present invention.
It is to be understood that the implementations not shown or described in the drawings or in the text of this specification are in a form known to those skilled in the art and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of the respective elements are not limited to the specific structures, shapes or modes mentioned in the embodiments, and those skilled in the art may easily modify or replace them.
Of course, the present invention may also include other parts according to actual needs, and the details are not described herein since they are not related to the innovation of the present invention.
Similarly, it should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, various features of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the invention and aiding in the understanding of one or more of the various inventive aspects. However, the method of the invention should not be construed to reflect the intent: rather, the invention as claimed requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing inventive embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into this detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment of this invention.
Furthermore, the use of ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," "third," etc., in the specification and claims to modify a corresponding element is not intended to imply any ordinal numbers for the element, nor the order in which an element is sequenced or methods of manufacture, but are used to distinguish one element having a certain name from another element having a same name.
Further, in the drawings or the description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Features of the embodiments illustrated in the description may be freely combined to form new embodiments without conflict, and each claim may be individually referred to as an embodiment or features of the claims may be combined to form a new embodiment, and in the drawings, the shape or thickness of the embodiment may be enlarged and simplified or conveniently indicated. Further, elements or implementations not shown or described in the drawings are of a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints.
Unless a technical obstacle or contradiction exists, the above-described various embodiments of the present invention may be freely combined to form further embodiments, which are within the scope of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, the embodiments of the invention in the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention. The dimensional proportions in the figures are merely schematic and are not to be understood as limiting the invention.
Although a few embodiments of the present general inventive concept have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the general inventive concept, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A multispectral polarization imaging system based on optical super surface is characterized in that the system comprises a multispectral polarization imaging module which is formed by combining an optical filter and a vector diffraction super surface structure; the multispectral polarization imaging module is arranged at the pupil position of the imaging system;
the vector diffraction super-surface structure is formed by adopting a periodic unit structure with differentiated response to light waves in different polarization states, the optical filter is aligned and attached to the center of the vector diffraction super-surface structure, a sample to be detected is subjected to wavelength information extraction by the optical filter, the light information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is subjected to regional imaging on a black-and-white camera through an imaging lens under the diffraction effect of the periodic unit structure, and the spectrum and the polarization state information of the sample to be detected are obtained by performing data post-processing on the image intensity distribution on the black-and-white camera.
2. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system of claim 1 wherein the multispectral polarization imaging system is transmissive or reflective.
3. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system according to claim 1, wherein the vector diffraction metasurface is formed by a substrate and a periodic array of nanostructure elements on the substrate, wherein the nanostructure elements have anisotropy and are in a rectangular cylinder, grating, elliptical hole or elliptical cylinder structure and are sensitive to polarization.
4. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system of claim 2, wherein the vector diffractive metasurface structure material is divided into reflective material and transmissive material according to a mode of operation; the reflective material is a metal material and comprises aluminum, gold and silver; the transmissive material is a dielectric or semiconductor material including hafnium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon and germanium.
5. The multispectral polarization imaging system based on the optical super-surface according to claim 3, wherein the vector diffraction super-surface structure has broadband working characteristics, and the regulation and control of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization state are realized by adjusting the geometric dimension, the direction rotation angle and the relative position of the nano-structure in the periodic unit; the phase encoding mode of the vector diffraction super-surface structure is a winding phase.
6. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system of claim 1, wherein the periodic unit structure of the vector diffractive metasurface structure is an aluminum nanorod periodic diffraction structure disposed in an orthogonal arrangement.
7. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system of claim 1 wherein the optical filters are capable of transmitting multiple wavelengths in a narrow band, wherein the optical filters are coated to transmit multiple bands, or wherein the optical filters are configured to transmit multiple wavelengths in a combination of blocks.
8. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein imaging intensity values of each wavelength channel and each stokes parameter need to be pre-calibrated by using a standard sample with known multispectral data and stokes parameter data before an imaging system is used to image a sample to be measured.
9. The optical metasurface-based multispectral polarization imaging system according to claim 8, wherein a black and white camera is used to photograph a sample to be tested to obtain image data, and a linear regression method is used to process the image data in combination with pre-calibrated data to obtain wavelength and polarization state information of the sample to be tested.
10. A method for optical hyper-surface based multi-spectral polarization imaging based on the optical hyper-surface based multi-spectral polarization imaging system of any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Aligning and attaching the optical filter with the center of the vector diffraction super-surface structure to form a multispectral polarization imaging module which is arranged at the pupil position of an imaging system;
(2) The wavelength information of a sample to be detected is extracted through an optical filter, and light information with different wavelengths and different polarization states is imaged on a black-and-white camera in regions through an imaging lens under the diffraction action of a vector diffraction super-surface structure;
(3) And processing the image intensity distribution on the black-and-white camera to obtain the spectrum and polarization state information of the sample to be detected.
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