CN115492071A - Reaction platform for static load test of foundation in highway tunnel and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Reaction platform for static load test of foundation in highway tunnel and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a counterforce platform for a foundation static load test in a highway tunnel and a construction method thereof, belongs to the technical field of foundation tests, and aims to solve the problems that the construction of the counterforce platform is limited and the traffic is influenced in the static load test of a shallow buried section of a highway tunnel entrance. The counter-force platform comprises an embedded annular arch frame, an embedded steel beam, an anchor rod, a main beam and a cross beam, wherein the annular arch frame is arranged in an inverted arch and is arranged within the range from an arch camber line; at least two groups of embedded steel beams are symmetrically embedded in the inverted arches at two sides; the anchor rods are arranged on two sides of the embedded steel beam and are driven into the ground; the main beams are at least one group, and one main beam is connected between every two symmetrical steel beams; the crossbeam is installed in the bottom of a set of girder, and jack and loading board are established in the crossbeam bottom. The method comprises the steps of construction of pre-buried components, anchor rod striking, inverted arch and filling layer pouring, trestle erecting, main beam and cross beam connecting and reaction platform construction. The invention has low cost and high overall practicability, is suitable for various static load tests in the highway tunnel and has great engineering significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of foundation tests, and particularly relates to a reaction platform for foundation static load tests in a highway tunnel and a construction method thereof.
Background
Highway tunnel, especially the shallow section ground of burying in loess tunnel entrance to a cave are mostly new loess, and the foundation bearing capacity is not enough, need carry out ground treatment after the construction excavation, adopt compound foundations such as high pressure jet grouting stake, precast tubular pile more, for guaranteeing engineering quality, need detect the bearing capacity of the compound foundation who has handled more. Meanwhile, when the construction process tunnels into the tunnel, the bearing capacity of the foundation of the original loess is gradually increased, and when the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirement, the foundation treatment is not needed, namely the foundation treatment range is reasonably determined. The static load test is the most direct and accurate method for obtaining the bearing capacity of the foundation, regardless of the bearing capacity of the composite foundation or the bearing capacity of the undisturbed loess foundation.
The static load test needs to establish a counter-force platform, and the traditional counter-force platform has two forms, namely a pile loading platform and an anchor pile platform. The plane and the height required by the stacking platform are both large, and the stacking platform can not be provided in the tunnel obviously; the anchor pile platform needs a pile foundation, the construction machinery is large, the space in the tunnel is narrow and slightly insufficient, the cost of the pile foundation is high, and the overall construction cost is increased; therefore, the static load test of the foundation in the tunnel by adopting the traditional method has the problem of obstacle in constructing a counter force platform.
And two types of traditional counter-force platforms all have the problem that vehicles and equipment can not pass through in the construction, and can interrupt tunnel construction and influence the whole progress of the project.
Based on the problems in the background art, research and development personnel provide a reaction force platform for a static load test of a foundation in a highway tunnel and a construction method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reaction platform for a static load test of a foundation in a highway tunnel and a construction method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the construction of the reaction platform is limited and the traffic is influenced in the static load test of a shallow buried section at the opening of the highway tunnel.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the counterforce platform for the foundation static load test in the highway tunnel comprises at least two groups of embedded steel beams, a main beam and a cross beam, wherein the embedded steel beams are symmetrically embedded in two inverted arches; the main beams are at least one group, and one main beam is connected between every two symmetrical steel beams; the crossbeam is installed in the bottom of a set of girder, and jack and loading board are established in the crossbeam bottom.
Furthermore, the end of the steel beam is connected with the end of the main beam through a long screw, and the long screw is at least provided with one group at each end.
Furthermore, the tops of the groups of pre-buried steel beams are connected with annular arches, the annular arches are at least provided with 4 trusses, and the annular arches are also pre-buried in the corresponding inverted arches; and anchor rods are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at the bottoms of the groups of embedded steel beams and are driven into a loess layer corresponding to the bottom of the inverted arch.
Furthermore, a triangular plate is arranged between the embedded steel beam and the annular arch frame.
Furthermore, the girder is formed by welding a group of I-shaped steel, the top of the girder is provided with a flange plate, screw holes are distributed on the flange plate, the long screw rods penetrate through the screw holes, and stiffening ribs are arranged on two sides of a web plate of the girder.
Furthermore, the embedded steel beam is also formed by welding a group of I-shaped steel, a beam flange plate is arranged at the bottom of the embedded steel beam, flange plate screw holes are distributed in the beam flange plate, and the other end of the long screw rod penetrates through the flange plate screw holes; stiffening ribs are also arranged on two sides of the web plate of the embedded steel beam.
The method for constructing the reaction platform for the static load test of the foundation in the highway tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a pre-buried component;
s1.1, determining point positions needing static load tests, and additionally arranging annular arch frames in inverted arches on two sides of the point positions to reach an arch camber line;
s1.2, arranging embedded steel beams at the lower parts of the annular arch frames, and arranging triangular plates around the embedded steel beams in gaps among the annular arch frames;
s1.3, obliquely drilling anchor rods towards a loess layer below along the web of the embedded steel beams symmetrically, wherein the anchor rods between two adjacent embedded steel beams are arranged in a crossed manner;
the end of the anchor rod after being driven in is welded on a web plate or a stiffening rib of the embedded steel beam;
s2, pouring an inverted arch and a filling layer;
when concrete pouring is carried out at the intersection of the pre-buried steel beam and the annular arch frame, the pre-buried steel beam is vibrated to be compact, and an anti-cracking reinforcing mesh is added within 50cm of the upper part of the pre-buried steel beam; casting a filling layer above the inverted arch;
s3, building a trestle;
repeating the steps S1-S2, symmetrically performing, determining the front side part of the point position needing static load test, and reserving a test space according to the size of the bearing plate for test;
a steel trestle is erected above the test space;
s4, connecting the main beam and the cross beam to construct a counter-force platform;
s4.1, processing and manufacturing a main beam and a cross beam;
s4.2, after the strength of the concrete of the inverted arches on the two sides of the point position to be tested reaches the design requirement, connecting the embedded steel beams with the main beam by using long screws; then erecting a cross beam, and successfully erecting a counterforce platform;
s5, carrying out a test;
and (4) mounting a jack and a bearing plate at the lower part of the crossbeam, and carrying out a static load test of the foundation.
Furthermore, the longitudinal distance between the annular arch frames is 75cm; the length of the anchor rod is 6m, the distance is 40cm-75cm, and the included angle between the anchor rod and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The counter-force platform structure mainly utilizes the existing structure of the tunnel inverted arch, the annular arch frame, the embedded steel beam and the anchor rod are embedded in the inverted arch to construct the main stress structure of the counter-force platform, and the embedding construction of the structure is performed before the inverted arch construction, so that after the inverted arch and the backfill layer are cast, the stress structure becomes a hidden project, and no negative influence is caused on the subsequent construction; and the rigidity of the inverted arch can be enhanced by the embedded structure, and the bearing capacity is improved. The embedded steel beam with the exposed heads at the two ends in the embedded mode is convenient to connect with the main beam through the long screw, a complete counter-force platform is built through the cross beam, and static load tests are conducted through the installation of the traditional jack and the loading plate.
(2) According to the reaction platform structure, after the point position for static load test is selected, no matter the reaction platform is constructed in an embedded manner or subsequently, the plane only occupies one lane (about 4m in width), the vertical height is only located within the range of 1m above a filling layer, and compared with a conventional reaction platform structure, the reaction platform structure occupies a small space in a tunnel, so that the test is conveniently carried out in a narrow space; on the other hand is because occupation space is little, just can provide the space and be convenient for set up steel trestle (the interior construction equipment of using always of tunnel), and then guarantee that machinery is current in the tunnel, except during static test, all the other periods all can be normally current, just can ensure tunnel whole construction progress well.
(3) The construction of the counter-force platform is slightly advanced to the inverted arch, and the counter-force platform is basically synchronous, so that the construction manpower and material cost is saved, and the construction convenience is greatly improved compared with the large-scale mechanical construction of a stacking platform due to the structural advantages of the counter-force platform; compared with an anchor pile platform, the cost of the pile foundation is saved, and the cost is greatly reduced; therefore, the whole practicability is greatly improved, and the method has very important engineering significance.
(4) The reaction platform and the construction method thereof are suitable for static load tests in a highway tunnel, including but not limited to post-treatment foundation static load tests, composite foundation static load tests, reinforcement single-pile static load tests, flat plate load tests, rock foundation load tests and the like, and have the advantages of wide application scenes, low construction cost, no influence on traffic, no forbidding for a short period of the test, and no influence on construction process in the construction process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the working state of a reaction force platform for a static load test of a foundation in a highway tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction force platform for a static load test of a foundation in a road tunnel;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a connection relationship between a pre-buried steel beam and a main beam in a reaction platform for a foundation static load test in a road tunnel;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a main beam in the reaction force platform for the static load test of the foundation in the highway tunnel;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a main beam in the reaction force platform for the static load test of the foundation in the highway tunnel;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a main beam in a reaction force platform for a foundation static load test in a road tunnel;
fig. 7 is a side view of a cross beam in the reaction force platform for the static load test of the foundation in the road tunnel.
The reference numbers are as follows: 1-pre-burying a steel beam; 11-circumferential arch centering; 12-a set square; 13-anchor rod; 2-main beam; 21-a stiffener; 22-a flange plate; 23-screw holes; 3-a cross beam; 31-beam flange plate; 4-long screw rod; 5-a jack; 6-inverted arch; 7-filling layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-7, the reaction platform for static load test of foundation in road tunnel comprises: two sets of pre-buried girder steel 1, unitized girder 2, single crossbeam 3 that the interval set up, its specific structure and relation of connection are:
pre-buried girder steel 1 is established in 6 bottoms of invert, and anchor rod 13 has been set firmly to the equal slant in 1 outsides of unitized girder steel, and the concrete mode of setting is: the web plate of the steel beam 1 is welded with the upper part of the anchor rod 13 in an inclined way, and the anchor rod 13 is driven into a loess layer at the bottom and symmetrically arranged in groups; the top of the embedded steel beam 1 is provided with a plurality of annular arches 11 matched with the inverted arches 6 in shape, and in order to facilitate and fix connection, a corresponding number of triangular plates 12 are respectively arranged between the embedded steel beam 1 and the annular arches 11 as required.
Only one side is shown in fig. 2, in actual detection, detection points can be arranged on two sides according to field requirements, and groups of steel beams 1 and anchor rods 13 corresponding to the steel beams are arranged on two sides of the hoop arch 11.
The above hoop arch center 11 and the triangular plate 12 are both cast in the inverted arch 6, and two end parts of the embedded steel beam 1 are exposed, so that the main beam 2 is convenient to connect. A filling layer 7 is provided on the inverted arch 6.
In the loess stratum, the ring arch center 11 is arranged to the arch raising line, the number of rings is 7 with the longitudinal distance of 50cm-100cm, and the triangular plate 12 and the anchor rod 13 on the corresponding side are also 7 groups. According to the static load test loading value, the number of rings of the arch frame 11 can be adjusted, but the minimum number of rings is not less than 4.
The both ends of the pre-buried girder steel 1 that set up above the interval and girder 2 are passed through long screw 4 and are connected, and are specific:
the main beam 2 and the embedded steel beam 1 are formed by welding a group of I-shaped steel.
The top of 2 both ends of girder is equipped with flange plate 22, distributes screw 23 on the flange plate 22, and the web both sides of girder 2 all are equipped with stiffening rib 21.
1 both ends bottom of pre-buried girder steel is equipped with crossbeam flange plate 31, and the pterygoid lamina screw that distributes on the crossbeam flange plate 31, the web both sides of pre-buried girder steel 1 also all are equipped with stiffening rib 21.
The wing plate screw hole of the embedded steel beam 1 at the bottom of the outcrop area of the cast inverted arch 6 is connected with the screw hole 23 through 6 long screws 4. Because girder 2 sets up in groups and both ends all need connect, so the quantity of long screw 4 is 24.
The bottom that is located girder 2 central authorities is equipped with single crossbeam 3, is connected through crossbeam flange board 31 between single crossbeam 3 and a set of girder 2, sets up jack 5 below the crossbeam flange board 31 of crossbeam 3 bottom, and the loading board center is arranged in to the jack, and the loading board is generally circular, arranges test point (ground) top in, and concrete size is according to the standard determination of static test type.
By taking a rotary spraying pile composite foundation treatment scheme with the diameter of 60cm, the arrangement of piles in an equilateral triangle and the pile spacing of 1.2m as an example, the size of a required bearing plate is 1.26m, the longitudinal reserved test space is 5m, and the test requirement that the bottom width of a test pit is not less than 3 times of the diameter of the bearing plate is met.
The construction method of the counterforce platform for the foundation static load test in the highway tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing an embedded component;
s1.1, determining points required to carry out a static load test, and additionally arranging a circumferential arch 11 in an inverted arch 6 with the rear side being 2.5m away, wherein 20a I-steel is adopted for the circumferential arch 11, the longitudinal distance is 75cm, 7 trusses are arranged, and the arrangement range is up to an arch raising line.
S1.2, arranging 2 embedded steel beams 1 on the lower portion of the annular arch center 11, wherein the steel beams are spliced by 20a I-shaped steel and are 5.5m long. A triangular plate 12 arranged in a gap between the embedded steel beam 1 and the annular arch center 11 is welded by 5-degree angle steel, and redundant parts are cut off.
S1.3, obliquely arranging anchor rods 13 along web plates of the embedded steel beams 1 to a loess layer below symmetrically, wherein the distance between every two adjacent embedded steel beams 13 is 40-75 cm, the anchor rods 13 are arranged in 7 rows, the length of each anchor rod 13 is 6m, the included angle between the anchor rods and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees, and the anchor rods 13 between every two adjacent embedded steel beams 1 are arranged in a crossed mode.
And the end head of the anchor rod 13 is welded on the web plate of the embedded steel beam 1 after being driven into the embedded steel beam.
S2, pouring an inverted arch and a filling layer;
when concrete pouring is carried out at the intersection of the pre-buried steel beam 1 and the annular arch center 11, the concrete is compacted by vibration; in order to prevent the crack of the filling layer 7 in the test process, an anti-crack reinforcing mesh is added within 50cm of the upper part of the pre-buried steel beam 1.
S3, erecting a trestle;
and (5) repeating the steps S1-S2, and symmetrically constructing embedded members and inverted arch pouring parts beyond 2.5m of the front side of the test point position.
And (3) setting up common construction equipment in the tunnel, namely a steel trestle above the test space, wherein the length of the steel trestle is about 9-12m, the requirement of a reserved space is met, and the construction traffic is ensured.
S4, connecting the main beam and the cross beam to construct a counter-force platform;
and S4.1, splicing by adopting 36a I-steel to manufacture the main beam 2 and the cross beam 3. The length of the main beam 2 is 4.9m, the length of the cross beam 3 is 1.5m, and ribs are arranged at the end parts and the middle parts of the main beam 2 and the cross beam 3.
The steel plate and the I-shaped steel are connected by welding and full welding, and the thickness of a welding seam is not less than 4mm; mechanical punching is needed for punching the steel plate, and hole burning is strictly prohibited.
S4.2, after the concrete strength of the inverted arches 6 on the two sides of the point position to be tested reaches the design requirement, connecting the embedded steel beam 1 with the main beam 2 by using the long screw rods 4, wherein the diameter of each long screw rod 4 is 28mm, the long screw rods are made of HRB400 steel bars, and 6 steel bars are distributed at each end.
And finally, erecting the cross beam 3, and successfully erecting a counterforce platform.
S5, testing and subsequent construction;
the jacks 5 and the bearing plates are placed on the lower portion of the cross beam 3, and static load tests of the foundation are carried out according to test regulations (composite foundation technical Specification GB/T50783-2012 and building foundation detection technical Specification JGJ 340-2015).
And in the test process, the vehicle is forbidden to pass.
And after the test is finished, the main beam 2 and the cross beam 3 are detached for the test of the next area.
And (3) pouring an inverted arch 6 and a filling layer 7 in the original test area according to the normal tunnel construction requirement.
The reaction platform and the construction method thereof can be suitable for static load tests in a highway tunnel, including but not limited to post-treatment foundation static load tests, composite foundation static load tests, reinforcement single-pile static load tests, slab load tests, rock foundation load tests and the like.
Claims (8)
1. Foundation static load is experimental with counter-force platform in highway tunnel, sets up jack (5) and loading board that are used for foundation static load test on this counter-force platform, its characterized in that: the counter-force platform comprises embedded steel beams (1), main beams (2) and cross beams (3), wherein at least two groups of embedded steel beams (1) are symmetrically embedded in two inverted arches (6); the main beams (2) are at least one group, and one main beam (2) is connected between each symmetrical steel beam (1); the beam (3) is arranged at the bottom of the group of main beams (2), and the jack (5) and the bearing plate are arranged at the bottom of the beam (3).
2. The reaction force platform for the static load test of the foundation in the road tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the tip of girder steel (1) all is connected through long screw (4) with the tip of girder (2), long screw (4) set up a set ofly at every tip at least.
3. The reaction force platform for the foundation static load test in the road tunnel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the top of the grouped embedded steel beams (1) is connected with annular arches (11), at least 4 annular arches (11) are arranged, and the annular arches (11) are also embedded in the corresponding inverted arches (6); the anchor rods (13) are symmetrically and obliquely arranged at the bottoms of the grouped embedded steel beams (1), and the anchor rods (13) are driven into loess layers corresponding to the bottoms of the inverted arches (6).
4. The reaction force platform for the static load test of the foundation in the road tunnel according to claim 3, characterized in that: a triangular plate (12) is arranged between the embedded steel beam (1) and the annular arch frame (11).
5. The reaction force platform for the foundation static load test in the road tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: girder (2) are formed by a set of I-steel welding, girder (2) top is equipped with flange board (22), distribute screw (23) on flange board (22), screw (23) are passed in long screw (4), the web both sides of girder (2) all are equipped with stiffening rib (21).
6. The reaction force platform for the foundation static load test in the road tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the embedded steel beam (1) is also formed by welding a group of I-shaped steel, a beam flange plate (31) is arranged at the bottom of the embedded steel beam (1), wing plate screw holes are distributed in the beam flange plate (31), and the other end of the long screw rod (4) penetrates through the wing plate screw holes; stiffening ribs (21) are also arranged on two sides of the web plate of the embedded steel beam (1).
7. The construction method of the reaction platform for the static load test of the foundation in the highway tunnel is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a pre-buried component;
s1.1, determining point positions needing static load tests, and additionally arranging annular arches (11) in inverted arches (6) on two sides of the point positions to reach an arching line;
s1.2, arranging an embedded steel beam (1) at the lower part of the annular arch frame (11), and arranging a triangular plate (12) of the embedded steel beam (1) to the gap between the annular arch frame (11);
s1.3, drilling anchor rods (13) obliquely towards a loess layer below along web plates of the embedded steel beams (1), wherein the anchor rods (13) between two adjacent embedded steel beams (1) are arranged in a crossed manner;
the end of the anchor rod (13) after being driven in is welded on a web plate or a stiffening rib (21) of the embedded steel beam (1);
s2, pouring an inverted arch and a filling layer;
when concrete pouring is carried out at the intersection of the pre-buried steel beam (1) and the annular arch center (11), the pre-buried steel beam is vibrated to be compact, and an anti-cracking reinforcing mesh is added within 50cm of the upper part of the pre-buried steel beam (1); casting a filling layer (7) above the inverted arch (6);
s3, erecting a trestle;
repeating the steps S1-S2, symmetrically constructing, determining the front side part of the point position needing static load test, and reserving a test space according to the size of the bearing plate for test;
erecting a steel trestle above the test space;
s4, connecting the main beam and the cross beam to construct a counter-force platform;
s4.1, processing and manufacturing a main beam 2 and a cross beam 3;
s4.2, after the concrete strength of the inverted arches (6) on the two sides of the point position to be tested reaches the design requirement, connecting the embedded steel beam (1) with the main beam (2) by using the long screw (1); then, the cross beam 3 is erected, and the counterforce platform is successfully erected.
8. The method for constructing a reaction force platform for the static load test of the foundation in the road tunnel according to claim 7, wherein: the longitudinal distance between the annular arch frames (11) is 75cm; the length of the anchor rods (13) is 6m, the distance is 40cm-75cm, and the included angle between the anchor rods and the vertical direction is 30-45 degrees.
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| CN108086994A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-05-29 | 兰州理工大学 | One kind passes through unfavourable geological tunnel set bridge underground structure and construction method |
| WO2020224233A1 (en) * | 2019-05-05 | 2020-11-12 | 济南轨道交通集团有限公司 | Construction method for shield tunnels passing underneath viaduct in multi-interval, small-clear-distance and overlapping manner |
| US20210017861A1 (en) * | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-21 | Tongji University | Method for inspecting service performance of tunnel lining based on defect characteristics thereof |
| CN110823697A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-21 | 长安大学 | Tunnel arch foot foundation load transfer test device and method under support of lock foot anchor pipe |
| CN112983541A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-18 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防工程研究院工程防护研究所 | Repair and treatment method suitable for deep tunnel inverted arch damage |
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