CN115491492A - Method for combined treatment of waste automobile exhaust catalyst and waste silver-copper welding rod - Google Patents
Method for combined treatment of waste automobile exhaust catalyst and waste silver-copper welding rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN115491492A CN115491492A CN202211014531.7A CN202211014531A CN115491492A CN 115491492 A CN115491492 A CN 115491492A CN 202211014531 A CN202211014531 A CN 202211014531A CN 115491492 A CN115491492 A CN 115491492A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 95
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
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- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011268 mixed slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 27
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical group [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) nitrate Chemical group [Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XTVVROIMIGLXTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 rhodium metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
- C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
- C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
- C22B11/023—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
- C22B15/0054—Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/20—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of noble metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper welding rod, belonging to the technical field of waste resource treatment, and comprising the following steps: preparing ternary material powder; preparing waste silver copper welding rod powder; mixing the ternary material powder with the waste silver-copper welding rod powder, adding quartz stone, limestone, coke and water, stirring to obtain mixed slurry, and forming the mixed slurry into pellets; putting the material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, and performing high-temperature deposition to ensure that the melted material balls form a metal phase and a slag phase in the intermediate frequency furnace and the metal phase and the slag phase are separated; preparing the metal phase into an alloy plate, and electrolyzing by using a combined electrolysis method to obtain silver powder, electrolytic copper and anode mud; washing the anode mud to obtain insoluble residue, and extracting platinum, palladium and rhodium from the insoluble residue by using a wet extraction process. The method integrates the recovery of the catalyst in the automobile exhaust and the recovery of the waste silver-copper welding rod, can effectively improve the recovery rate of the noble metal, saves the cost and is more environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste resource treatment, in particular to a method for jointly treating a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper welding rod.
Background
The automobile exhaust catalyst is used in an automobile exhaust catalytic converter and has the function of catalyzing CO and NOx in automobile exhaust to be converted into CO 2 、N 2 And H 2 And O. The general automobile exhaust catalyst main body contains precious metals such as Pt, rh, pd and the like, and has extremely high recovery value. The existing recovery process of the automobile exhaust catalyst is pyrogenic enrichment, wherein iron is usually used as a trapping agent to trap precious metals in the waste catalyst. However, the melting point of iron is high, the energy consumption in the smelting process is large, less metal is trapped by using the iron as a trapping agent, and more precious metals are lost in the recovery process.
The waste silver-copper welding rod contains noble metals such as silver, copper and the like, and has extremely high recovery value. The existing method for treating the waste silver-copper welding rod is to dissolve the waste welding rod by nitric acid, then adjust the solution to be neutral, and separate silver and copper by electrolysis. The method needs a large amount of acid for dissolution, generates a large amount of waste liquid, can not remove impurities in the welding rod, has an unsatisfactory electrolysis effect when the content of the impurities is too high, and can not effectively recover metals such as silver, copper and the like.
If the method for recovering the automobile exhaust catalyst and the method for recovering the waste silver-copper welding rods are combined with each other, and the metals in the waste silver-copper welding rods are used for trapping the precious metals such as Pt, rh, pd and the like, the recovery rate of each component in the precious metals can be effectively improved, the energy is saved, and the environment is protected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the invention aims to provide a method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper welding rod.
A method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper welding rod, comprising:
preparing ternary material powder: obtaining a ternary material rich in precious metals from a used waste automobile exhaust catalyst, and grinding the ternary material into powder;
preparing waste silver-copper welding rod powder: smelting and atomizing the waste silver-copper welding rod into powder;
mixing and pelletizing: mixing the ternary material powder with the waste silver-copper welding rod powder, adding quartz stone, limestone, coke and water, stirring to obtain mixed slurry, and forming the mixed slurry into material balls;
high-temperature deposition and separation: putting the material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, and performing high-temperature deposition to ensure that the melted material balls form a metal phase and a slag phase in the intermediate frequency furnace and the metal phase and the slag phase are separated;
and (3) recovering precious metals: preparing a metal phase into an alloy plate, and electrolyzing by using a combined electrolysis method to obtain silver powder, electrolytic copper and anode mud; and washing the anode mud to obtain insoluble slag, and extracting platinum, palladium and rhodium from the insoluble slag by using a wet extraction process.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the mixed slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of ternary material powder, 2-6 parts of waste silver-copper welding rod powder, 250-350 parts of quartz stone, 150-220 parts of limestone, 0.8-1 part of coke and 500-600 parts of water.
In a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the high temperature deposition and separation process specifically includes the following steps:
transferring the treated material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1600 ℃;
keeping the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace and preserving the heat for 4-6 h.
In a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the high temperature deposition and separation process specifically includes the following steps:
transferring the treated material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace to heat at a high temperature of 1000-1600 ℃;
reducing the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 600-800 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-2 h;
raising the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 1600-1800 ℃ again, and heating for 1-2 h;
reducing the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 1000-100 ℃, and preserving the heat for 4-6 h.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the process of transferring the processed material balls to the intermediate frequency furnace, a spiral feeder is adopted to transfer the material balls to the intermediate frequency furnace, and a pre-crushing mechanism for crushing the material balls is arranged at an outlet of the spiral feeder.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pre-pulverization means includes a double-roll mill device including a first roll mill group and a second roll mill group provided below the first roll mill group; the two roller grinding groups comprise two rollers, and a grinding channel for grinding material balls is formed between the two rollers; wherein the width of the pulverizing channel in the first roller mill set is greater than the width of the pulverizing channel in the second roller mill set.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of recovering precious metals includes the following steps:
leading the metal phase in the intermediate frequency furnace into a mould, and pressing into an alloy plate;
electrolyzing in a silver electrolytic bath by using an alloy plate as an anode and a pure silver plate as a cathode; wherein the electrolyte is silver nitrate;
electrolyzing in a copper electrolytic tank by using an alloy plate as an anode and a copper starting sheet as a cathode; wherein the electrolyte is copper nitrate;
silver powder is obtained in a silver electrolytic tank, electrolytic copper is obtained in a copper electrolytic tank, and anode mud in the anode is collected.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of recovering precious metals further includes the following steps:
the process for recovering the precious metals further comprises the following steps:
cleaning and collecting the obtained anode mud to obtain insoluble residue of the anode mud;
washing insoluble residues, and partially dissolving the washed insoluble residues in aqua regia to obtain aqua regia solution; adding undissolved residue in the king water into a sodium hydroxide solution for dissolving, and adding saline water into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain rhodium-rich solution;
and removing nitrate from the aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride to obtain platinum-containing precipitate and palladium-containing solution, collecting rhodium-enriched substances from the rhodium-enriched solution, and refining to obtain crude products of platinum, palladium and rhodium.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparing of the waste silver-copper welding rod powder includes:
obtaining a waste silver-copper welding rod, and smelting the waste silver-copper welding rod into liquid; .
And transferring the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid to an atomization device, and condensing the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid into metal powder through the atomization device.
In a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the preparing of the ternary material powder comprises:
cutting a metal shell of the automobile exhaust catalyst and performing primary separation to obtain a ternary material rich in precious metals;
coarsely crushing the ternary material by using a crusher, wherein the solid granularity of the coarsely crushed ternary material is 120-150 meshes;
and (3) finely grinding the coarsely broken ternary material, wherein the solid granularity of the finely ground ternary material is 500-800 meshes.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method integrates the recovery of the waste automobile exhaust catalyst and the recovery of the waste silver-copper welding rods, utilizes silver and copper in the waste silver-copper welding rods to supplement and collect platinum, palladium and rhodium metals in the waste automobile exhaust catalyst, and can improve the recovery rate of precious metals, so that the recovery rate of platinum group elements reaches 98 percent, and the recovery rate of silver and copper reaches 95 percent; and the recycling process of the waste silver-copper welding rod can be saved. And the chemicals added in the recovery process are few, the generation of auxiliary products can be effectively reduced, the solution used in the wet extraction process can be recycled, the discharge of waste water is reduced, and the method is green, environment-friendly and environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention for combined treatment of a spent automotive exhaust catalyst and a spent silver-copper electrode;
FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of the present invention for recovering precious metals;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the present invention for manufacturing ternary material powder and for preparing waste silver copper electrode powder;
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of the high temperature deposition and recovery of precious metals provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the screw feeder and pre-crusher.
Reference numerals:
1. a screw feeder; 2. a pre-crushing mechanism; 21. a first roller mill group; 22. a first roll mill group; 23. and (4) crushing the channel.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1:
as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the method for jointly treating the exhaust gas catalyst of the waste automobile and the waste silver-copper welding rod provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
s100, preparing ternary material powder: obtaining a ternary material rich in precious metals from a used waste automobile exhaust catalyst, and grinding the ternary material into powder.
Specifically, the process for preparing the ternary material powder comprises the following steps:
s110, cutting a metal shell of the automobile exhaust catalytic converter and performing primary separation to obtain a ternary material rich in precious metals; and cutting the metal shell of the automobile exhaust catalyst by using a cutting machine in the cutting process, and sorting the three-component material in the metal shell and the catalyst to obtain the three-component material preliminarily.
S120, roughly crushing the ternary material by using a crusher, wherein the solid granularity of the roughly crushed ternary material is 120-150 meshes;
s130, finely grinding the coarsely crushed ternary material, wherein the solid granularity of the finely ground ternary material is 500-800 meshes.
The three-component material powder is crushed twice in the process of preparation, the crusher is used for crushing for the first time to obtain three-component material particles with larger particle sizes, and the three-component material particles are transferred to a fine grinding machine for fine grinding, so that the particle sizes of the three-component materials are smaller, and the mixed slurry can be prepared conveniently in the subsequent process. The fine grinding process can be carried out by a fine grinding machine, or a fine grinding medium, such as zirconium dioxide, can be added into the fine grinding machine to improve the fine grinding degree of the ternary material.
S200, preparing waste silver-copper welding rod powder: smelting and atomizing the waste silver-copper welding rod into powder;
specifically, the process for preparing the waste silver-copper welding rod powder comprises the following steps:
s210, obtaining waste silver brazingStrip, and smelting the waste silver-copper welding rod into liquid; the smelting of the waste silver copper electrode is carried out by adopting a smelting furnace, and the smelting temperature exceeds 1200 ℃. In the smelting process, the smelting furnace is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree in the smelting furnace is 3 multiplied by 10 -3 Pa-5×10 -3 Pa。
S220, transferring the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid to atomization equipment, and condensing the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid into metal powder through the atomization equipment. The atomizing equipment comprises a transition cavity and an atomizing chamber, wherein the transition cavity is used for receiving waste silver-copper welding rod liquid obtained by smelting, and transferring the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid to the atomizing chamber, and the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid is atomized into powder in the atomizing chamber.
S300, mixing and pelletizing: mixing the ternary material powder with the waste silver-copper welding rod powder, adding quartz stone, limestone, coke and water, stirring to obtain mixed slurry, and forming the mixed slurry into pellets;
in this embodiment, the mixed slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of ternary material powder, 2 parts of waste silver-copper welding rod powder, 250 parts of quartz stone, 150 parts of limestone, 0.8 part of coke and 500 parts of water. The pelletizing process is carried out by adopting a pelletizer, and the diameter of the prepared pellets is 30mm-50mm. In the application, the pelletizing can improve the fusion reaction degree of each substance in the high-temperature deposition process, and is favorable for improving the recovery rate of the noble metal. The smaller the particle size of the pellet obtained, the less difficult the production. The diameter of the material ball prepared by the method is 30-50 mm, the pelletizing difficulty can be reduced, and the cost is saved.
S400, high-temperature deposition and separation: and putting the material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, and performing high-temperature deposition to ensure that the melted material balls form a metal phase and a slag phase in the intermediate frequency furnace and the metal phase and the slag phase are separated.
In this embodiment, the high-temperature deposition and separation process specifically includes the following steps:
s410, transferring the processed material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace to heat at a high temperature of 1000-1600 ℃;
and S420, maintaining the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace, and preserving the heat for 4-6 h. And a spiral feeder is adopted for feeding in the process of transferring the material balls.
Wherein, in the high-temperature deposition process, calcium carbonate and calcium oxide in the limestone are used as fusing agents in the intermediate frequency furnace, and silicon dioxide in the quartz stone is used as a carrier material. During the heat preservation and deposition process, the carrier substance and the flux form slag which is easy to separate, and the platinum group metal in the ternary material powder, the silver in the waste silver-copper welding rod and the collector copper form an alloy phase which is deposited in the intermediate frequency furnace. And separating the metal phase from the slag to obtain the precious metal to be recovered.
S500, recovering precious metals: preparing the metal phase into an alloy plate, and electrolyzing by using a combined electrolysis method to obtain silver powder, electrolytic copper and anode mud; and washing the anode mud to obtain insoluble slag, and extracting platinum, palladium and rhodium from the insoluble slag by using a wet extraction process.
The method for recovering the precious metals comprises two steps of recovering silver, copper and platinum group metal, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s510, introducing a metal phase in the intermediate frequency furnace into a mold, and pressing into an alloy plate; and a plate frame is adopted for extrusion in the process of manufacturing the alloy plate. In the extrusion process, the thickness of the alloy plate needs to be controlled according to the requirements of the subsequent electrolytic reaction, and the alloy plate with an excessively large thickness is not favorable for sufficient electrolysis.
S520, using the alloy plate as an anode and the pure silver plate as a cathode to carry out electrolysis in a silver electrolytic tank; wherein the electrolyte is silver nitrate;
s530, using the alloy plate as an anode and the copper starting sheet as a cathode to carry out electrolysis in a copper electrolytic tank; wherein the electrolyte is copper nitrate;
and S540, obtaining silver powder in a silver electrolytic tank, obtaining electrolytic copper in a copper electrolytic tank, and collecting anode mud in the anode.
The electrolysis of the silver and copper cells in the recovery process may be carried out simultaneously. After the two electrolytic tanks are electrolyzed, anode slime in the electrolytic tanks can be collected, and platinum group metal can be recovered.
S550, cleaning and collecting the obtained anode mud to obtain insoluble residues of the anode mud; the anode mud can be washed by clean water in the process of cleaning the anode mud, and impurities in the anode mud are removed. After the anode slime is cleaned, the anode slime needs to be dried so as to prevent excessive water from influencing the recovery of the subsequent platinum group metal.
S560, washing insoluble residues, and dissolving the washed insoluble residues in aqua regia to obtain aqua regia solution; adding undissolved residue in the king water into a sodium hydroxide solution for dissolving, and adding saline water into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain rhodium-rich solution. The insoluble slag contains a mixture of metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium and the like. Since platinum group metals are partially soluble in aqua regia, only part of the platinum group metals can be recovered from aqua regia, and the remaining platinum group metals that are not soluble in aqua regia need to be recovered by other methods.
S570, removing nitrate from the aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride to obtain platinum-containing precipitate and palladium-containing solution, collecting rhodium-enriched substances from the rhodium-enriched solution, and refining to obtain crude products of platinum, palladium and rhodium.
The aqua regia solution nitrate removing process is to heat the aqua regia solution firstly to enable acid and water in the aqua regia solution to be volatilized as much as possible, then heat nitrate removing substances into the concentrated aqua regia solution to enable residual nitric acid and nitro substances to react thoroughly to generate nitrogen oxide, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen and other substances which are easy to volatilize, and enable no nitro substances to exist in the solution. It should be noted that, in the nitrate removing process, a gas collecting device needs to be used to recover the gas generated in the nitrate removing process, so as to prevent the gas from polluting the environment.
The method for combined treatment of the waste automobile exhaust catalyst and the waste silver-copper welding rods integrates the recovery of the waste automobile exhaust catalyst and the recovery of the waste silver-copper welding rods, and utilizes silver and copper in the waste silver-copper welding rods to supplement and collect platinum, palladium and rhodium metals in the waste automobile exhaust catalyst, so that the recovery rate of precious metals can be improved, the recovery rate of platinum group elements is up to 98 percent, and the recovery rate of silver and copper is up to 95 percent; and the recovery process of the waste silver-copper welding rod can be saved. And the chemicals added in the recovery process are few, the generation of accessory products can be effectively reduced, the solution used in the wet extraction process can be recycled, the discharge of waste water is reduced, and the method is green, environment-friendly and environment-friendly. The slag in the recovery process is magnetically separated and then used for producing microcrystalline glass or directly producing cement and water permeable bricks, and can be comprehensively utilized.
Further, in the process of transferring the processed material balls to the intermediate frequency furnace, a spiral feeder 1 is adopted to transfer the material balls to the intermediate frequency furnace, and a pre-crushing mechanism 2 for crushing the material balls is arranged at an outlet of the spiral feeder 1.
Still further, the pre-crushing mechanism 2 includes a double-layer roller mill device including a first roller mill group 21 and a second roller mill group 22, the second roller mill group 22 being disposed below the first roller mill group 21; the two roller grinding groups comprise two rollers, and a grinding channel 23 for grinding material balls is formed between the two rollers; wherein the width of the crushing channel 23 in the first roll mill group 21 is larger than the width of the crushing channel 23 in the second roll mill group 22.
In the application, because the diameter of the prepared material ball is larger, if the material ball is directly added into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting and deposition, the mutual mixing of various substances in the material ball is not facilitated, and the metal phase deposition is not facilitated. Therefore, the pre-crushing mechanism 2 is arranged at the outlet of the spiral feeder 1, the pre-crushing mechanism 2 is utilized to crush the material balls firstly, so that the particle size of the material balls is reduced, and then the crushed material balls are heated in the intermediate frequency furnace, so that the platinum group element metal and the silver and the collector copper in the waste silver-copper welding rod easily form an alloy phase, and the recovery rate of the precious metal is favorably improved. The double-layer roller grinding device of the pre-grinding mechanism 2 successively performs roller grinding on the material balls, so that the grinding degree of the material balls can be improved, and all the materials in the material balls are fully mixed.
In this example, the recovery rate of the platinum group metal reached 97%, and the recovery rate of silver and copper reached 95%.
Example 2:
the invention provides a method for jointly treating a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper welding rod, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s100, preparing ternary material powder: obtaining a ternary material rich in precious metals from the used waste automobile exhaust catalyst, and grinding the ternary material into powder.
Specifically, the process for preparing the ternary material powder was the same as that of example 1.
S200, preparing waste silver-copper welding rod powder: smelting and atomizing the waste silver-copper welding rod into powder;
s300, mixing and pelletizing: mixing the ternary material powder with the waste silver-copper welding rod powder, adding quartz stone, limestone, coke and water, stirring to obtain mixed slurry, and forming the mixed slurry into pellets;
in this embodiment, the mixed slurry comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of ternary material powder, 6 parts of waste silver-copper welding rod powder, 350 parts of quartz stone, 220 parts of limestone, 1 part of coke and 600 parts of water.
The pelletizing process was the same as that of example 1.
S400, high-temperature deposition and separation: and putting the material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, and performing high-temperature deposition to ensure that the melted material balls form a metal phase and a slag phase in the intermediate frequency furnace and the metal phase and the slag phase are separated.
S500, recovering precious metals: preparing a metal phase into an alloy plate, and electrolyzing by using a combined electrolysis method to obtain silver powder, electrolytic copper and anode mud; and washing the anode mud to obtain insoluble slag, and extracting platinum, palladium and rhodium from the insoluble slag by using a wet extraction process.
The method for recovering the precious metals comprises two steps of recovering silver, copper and platinum group metal, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s510, introducing a metal phase in the intermediate frequency furnace into a mold, and pressing into an alloy plate; and a plate frame is adopted for extrusion in the process of manufacturing the alloy plate. In the extrusion process, the thickness of the alloy plate needs to be controlled according to the requirements of the subsequent electrolytic reaction, and the alloy plate with an excessively large thickness is not favorable for sufficient electrolysis.
S520, using the alloy plate as an anode and the pure silver plate as a cathode to carry out electrolysis in a silver electrolytic tank; wherein the electrolyte is silver nitrate;
s530, using the alloy plate as an anode and the copper starting sheet as a cathode to carry out electrolysis in a copper electrolytic tank; wherein the electrolyte is copper nitrate;
and S540, obtaining silver powder in a silver electrolytic tank, obtaining electrolytic copper in a copper electrolytic tank, and collecting anode mud in the anode.
The electrolytic processes of the silver recovery electrolytic tank and the copper electrolytic tank are synchronously carried out, and the silver powder and the electrolytic copper can be recycled. After the two electrolytic tanks are electrolyzed, anode slime in the electrolytic tanks can be collected, and platinum group metal can be recovered.
S550, cleaning and collecting the obtained anode mud to obtain insoluble residues of the anode mud; the anode mud can be washed by clean water in the process of cleaning the anode mud, so that impurities in the anode mud are removed. After the anode slime is cleaned, the anode slime needs to be dried so as to prevent excessive water from affecting the recovery of the subsequent platinum group metal.
S560, washing insoluble residues, and dissolving part of the washed insoluble residues in aqua regia to obtain aqua regia solution; adding undissolved residue in the king water into a sodium hydroxide solution for dissolving, and adding saline water into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain a rhodium-rich solution. The insoluble slag contains a mixture of metals such as platinum, palladium, rhodium and the like. Since platinum group metals are partially soluble in aqua regia, only part of the platinum group metals can be recovered from aqua regia, and the remaining platinum group metals that are not soluble in aqua regia need to be recovered by other methods.
And S570, removing nitrate from the aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride to obtain platinum-containing precipitate and palladium-containing solution, collecting rhodium concentrate from the rhodium-rich solution, and refining the rhodium concentrate to obtain crude products of platinum, palladium and rhodium.
The aqua regia solution nitrate removing process is to heat the aqua regia solution firstly to volatilize acid and water in the aqua regia solution as much as possible, and then to heat nitrate removing substances in the concentrated aqua regia solution to ensure that residual nitric acid and nitro substances are reacted thoroughly to generate nitrogen oxide, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen and the like which are easy to volatilize, so that no nitro substances exist in the solution. It should be noted that, in the nitrate removing process, a gas collecting device is required to be used for recovering the gas generated in the nitrate removing process, so as to prevent the gas from polluting the environment.
In this example, the amount of each component in the mixed slurry was increased, and it was found by inspection that the recovery rate of the platinum group metal in this example reached 98% and the recovery rate of silver and copper reached 95.6%.
Example 3:
this embodiment will be described only for differences from embodiment 1, and the remaining technical features are the same as those of the above-described embodiment.
In this embodiment, the high temperature deposition and separation process specifically includes the following steps:
s410, transferring the processed material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1600 ℃;
s420, reducing the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 600-800 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-2 h;
s430, raising the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 1600-1800 ℃ again, and heating for 1-2 h;
s440, reducing the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 1000-100 ℃, and preserving the heat for 4-6 h.
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that in the high-temperature deposition process in the intermediate frequency furnace, the heating, heat preservation and reheating heat preservation processes are performed after the material balls are smelted at high temperature. The process enables the material balls in the intermediate frequency furnace to be melted and deposited, and then the material balls are melted and deposited again, so that the platinum group metal is fully fused with the collector silver and copper, and the recovery rate of the platinum group metal is improved. Through detection, in the embodiment, the recovery rate of the platinum group metal is as high as 98.7%, and the recovery rate of the silver and the copper is 95.2%.
The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as merely illustrative, and not limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be discussed further in subsequent figures. In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the directional terms such as "front, rear, upper, lower, left, right", "lateral, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom", etc., are generally based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description only, and in the case of not making a reverse description, these directional terms do not indicate and imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation or be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present application; the terms "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the respective component itself.
For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230 \ 8230;,"' over 8230;, \8230; upper surface "," above ", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; 'above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230;' above 8230; 'at 8230;' below 8230;" above ". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, and therefore, the scope of protection of the present application is not to be construed as being limited. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper electrode, comprising:
preparing ternary material powder: obtaining a ternary material rich in precious metals from a used waste automobile exhaust catalyst, and grinding the ternary material into powder;
preparing waste silver copper welding rod powder: smelting and atomizing the waste silver-copper welding rod into powder;
mixing and pelletizing: mixing the ternary material powder with the waste silver-copper welding rod powder, adding quartz stone, limestone, coke and water, stirring to obtain mixed slurry, and forming the mixed slurry into material balls;
high-temperature deposition and separation: putting the material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for melting, and performing high-temperature deposition to ensure that the melted material balls form a metal phase and a slag phase in the intermediate frequency furnace and the metal phase and the slag phase are separated;
and (3) recovering precious metals: preparing the metal phase into an alloy plate, and electrolyzing by using a combined electrolysis method to obtain silver powder, electrolytic copper and anode mud; washing the anode mud to obtain insoluble residue, and extracting platinum, palladium and rhodium from the insoluble residue by using a wet extraction process.
2. The method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
in the mixed slurry, the weight parts of the components are as follows: 80-120 parts of ternary material powder, 2-6 parts of waste silver-copper welding rod powder, 250-350 parts of quartz stone, 150-220 parts of limestone, 0.8-1 part of coke and 500-600 parts of water.
3. The method for combined treatment of a spent automobile exhaust catalyst and a spent silver-copper electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
the high-temperature deposition and separation process specifically comprises the following steps:
transferring the treated material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace for high-temperature heating, wherein the heating temperature is 1000-1600 ℃;
keeping the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace and preserving the heat for 4-6 h.
4. The method for combined treatment of a spent automobile exhaust catalyst and a spent silver-copper electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
the high-temperature deposition and separation process specifically comprises the following steps:
transferring the treated material balls into an intermediate frequency furnace to heat at a high temperature of 1000-1600 ℃;
reducing the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 600-800 ℃, and preserving the heat for 1-2 h;
raising the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 1600-1800 ℃ again, and heating for 1-2 h;
reducing the temperature of the intermediate frequency furnace to 1000-100 ℃, and preserving the heat for 4-6 h.
5. The method for combined treatment of spent automotive exhaust catalyst and spent silver copper electrode as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein:
and in the process of transferring the processed material balls to the intermediate frequency furnace, transferring the material balls to the intermediate frequency furnace by adopting a spiral feeder, wherein a pre-crushing mechanism for crushing the material balls is arranged at an outlet of the spiral feeder.
6. The method for combined treatment of a spent automobile exhaust catalyst and a spent silver-copper electrode according to claim 5, wherein:
the pre-crushing mechanism comprises a double-layer roller mill device which comprises a first roller mill group and a second roller mill group, and the second roller mill group is arranged below the first roller mill group; the two roller grinding sets comprise two rollers, and a grinding channel for grinding material balls is formed between the two rollers; wherein the width of the pulverizing channels in the first roll mill group is greater than the width of the pulverizing channels in the second roll mill group.
7. The method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper electrode according to claim 1, wherein:
the process for recovering the precious metals comprises the following steps:
leading the metal phase in the intermediate frequency furnace into a mould, and pressing into an alloy plate;
electrolyzing in a silver electrolytic bath by using an alloy plate as an anode and a pure silver plate as a cathode; wherein the electrolyte is silver nitrate;
electrolyzing in a copper electrolytic tank by using an alloy plate as an anode and a copper starting sheet as a cathode; wherein the electrolyte is copper nitrate;
silver powder is obtained in a silver electrolytic tank, electrolytic copper is obtained in a copper electrolytic tank, and anode mud in the anode is collected.
8. The method for combined treatment of a waste automobile exhaust catalyst and a waste silver-copper electrode according to claim 7, wherein:
the process for recovering the precious metals further comprises the following steps:
cleaning and collecting the obtained anode mud to obtain insoluble residue of the anode mud;
washing insoluble residues, and partially dissolving the washed insoluble residues in aqua regia to obtain aqua regia solution; adding undissolved residue in the king water into a sodium hydroxide solution for dissolving, and adding saline water into the sodium hydroxide solution to obtain rhodium-rich solution;
and removing nitrate from the aqua regia solution, adding ammonium chloride to obtain platinum-containing precipitate and palladium-containing solution, collecting rhodium enrichment from the rhodium-rich solution, and refining the rhodium-rich solution to obtain crude products of platinum, palladium and rhodium.
9. The method for combined treatment of spent automotive exhaust catalyst and spent silver copper electrode according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 6 to 8, wherein:
the method for preparing the waste silver-copper welding rod powder comprises the following steps:
obtaining a waste silver-copper welding rod, and smelting the waste silver-copper welding rod into liquid;
and transferring the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid to an atomization device, and condensing the waste silver-copper welding rod liquid into metal powder through the atomization device.
10. The method for combined treatment of exhaust automotive exhaust catalysts and spent silver copper electrodes according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 6 to 8, characterized in that:
the preparation method of the ternary material powder comprises the following steps:
cutting a metal shell of the automobile exhaust catalyst and performing primary separation to obtain a ternary material rich in precious metals;
coarsely crushing the ternary material by using a crusher, wherein the solid granularity of the coarsely crushed ternary material is 120-150 meshes;
and (3) finely grinding the coarsely broken ternary material, wherein the solid granularity of the finely ground ternary material is 500-800 meshes.
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