CN115489177A - 一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115489177A
CN115489177A CN202211355838.3A CN202211355838A CN115489177A CN 115489177 A CN115489177 A CN 115489177A CN 202211355838 A CN202211355838 A CN 202211355838A CN 115489177 A CN115489177 A CN 115489177A
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谭淑娟
冯光媛
姬广斌
马敬寒
周卓婷
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,包括碳基材料膜以及依次覆盖在碳基材料膜上的遮盖涂层和彩色涂层。本发明还公开了上述彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法。本发明采用喷涂或刮涂的方式在黑色碳基材料膜上施加不同的颜色,使得在不影响碳基材料膜电致变发射率性能的前提下,又具备丰富的颜色,不同的颜色能够适用于不同的使用场景,从而满足可见光下视觉隐身的需求;本发明可直接通过调节色浆的颜色得到对应的碳基材料膜的颜色;本发明制得的碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜仍具有电致变红外发射率的性能,同时还具有良好的循环稳定性,满足对红外隐身的要求。

Description

一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,还涉及上述彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法。
背景技术
电致变红外发射率材料作为隐身材料一直受到国内外科学家的瞩目,其通过外加电压的刺激,使材料的光学特性发生变化,从而调整材料的红外发射率使其能够应用在红外隐身领域。
碳基材料作为一种新材料在电致变红外发射率领域得到了广泛的研究,例如国外Coskun Kocabas设计了基于多层石墨烯电致变红外发射率材料,该材料在施加0-4V电压下可实现红外发射率0.76-0.33的调制范围(Graphene-Based Adaptive ThermalCamouflage[J].Nano Letters,2018 18(7),4541-4548)。国内学者Lin Xiao等人研究了基于多壁碳纳米管薄膜作为电致变红外发射率器件,器件的红外发射率随着-3V至3V之间的电压发生变化(Large-Scale Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Thin Film asEffective Mid-Infrared Radiation Modulator with Long-Term Stability[J].Adv.Optical Mater.2021,9,2001216.)。目前已报道了许多关于碳基电致变红外发射率的材料,但由于碳基材料自身的黑色,使得其在可见光波段无法视觉隐身,难以满足可见光-红外兼容的隐身要求。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明目的旨在提供一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,该碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜能够基于环境的颜色调整其薄膜的颜色,从而可同时满足可见光(视觉隐身)和红外隐身的要求;本发明另一目的旨在提供上述彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法。
技术方案:本发明所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,包括碳基材料膜以及依次覆盖在碳基材料膜上的遮盖涂层和彩色涂层。
其中,所述遮盖涂层为白色涂层。
其中,所述碳基材料膜上遮盖涂层和彩色涂层的总厚度为10~20μm。
其中,还包括隔膜和导电层;所述碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜由依次覆盖有遮盖涂层和彩色涂层的碳基材料膜、隔膜和导电层复合而成。
其中,所述碳基材料膜为碳纳米管薄膜或石墨烯薄膜;所述导电层为碳纳米管薄膜、石墨烯薄膜、金膜、银膜或ITO薄膜中的一种;所述隔膜为Celgard隔膜或PE隔膜,将其浸泡在离子液体中得到负载有离子液体的多孔有机隔膜。
上述彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备遮盖涂层:室温下,将聚氨酯溶解在乙酸丁酯中,再加入白色纳米粉末,超声搅拌,混匀后加入固化剂,得到白色浆料,将白色浆料喷涂到碳基材料膜上,烘干,得到白色涂层;
(2)制备彩色涂层:室温下,将聚氨酯溶解在乙酸丁酯中,再加入彩色色浆,超声搅拌,混匀后加入固化剂,得到彩色浆料,将彩色浆料喷涂到白色涂层上,烘干,得到彩色涂层;
(3)将多孔隔膜浸渍在离子液体中,浸渍后将负载了离子液体的多孔隔膜放置在导电层上,再将覆盖有遮盖涂层和彩色涂层的碳基材料膜放置在多孔隔膜远离导电层的一侧上,最后用密封胶将复合材料粘合密封,得到彩色柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件。器件在进行密封胶封装前,将两段导电铜箔胶带分别粘结在碳基材料膜和底部电极上,该导电铜箔胶带作为器件外接电源时的导线,碳基材料薄膜连接电源正极,底部电极连接电源负极。
其中,步骤(1)中,所述白色浆料中,聚氨酯、白色纳米粉末和固化剂的质量比为1~3:0.1~1.5:1~3。
其中,所述白色纳米粉末为具有高折射率的TiO2或ZnO。
其中,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,所述白色涂层的厚度为不高于10μm;所述彩色涂层的厚度为不高于10μm。当彩色涂层和遮盖涂层为上述的厚度时,既可以保证黑色碳基材料膜在视觉上有颜色变化,从而获得不同的颜色,又可以不影响到碳基材料膜的电致变发射率性能,同时还能保证色浆与碳基材料膜之间的附着力。若没有遮盖涂层,则需要将彩色涂层做到1mm以上的厚度,才能保证黑色碳基材料膜在视觉上有颜色变化,但此时会大大影响到碳基材料膜的电致变发射率性能。
其中,步骤(2)中,所述彩色浆料中,聚氨酯、彩色色浆和固化剂的质量比为1~3:0.1~1.5:1~3。彩色色浆有黄色色浆、绿色色浆和蓝色色浆。
其中,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,烘干温度为40~60℃,烘干时间为8~12小时。
其中,步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,采用的固化剂为聚氨酯或有机硅。
有益效果:本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下显著优点:(1)本发明采用喷涂或刮涂的方式在黑色碳基材料膜上施加不同的颜色,使得在不影响碳基材料膜电致变发射率性能的前提下,又具备丰富的颜色,不同的颜色能够适用于不同的使用场景,从而满足可见光下视觉隐身的需求;本发明可直接通过调节色浆的颜色得到对应的碳基材料膜的颜色;(2)本发明制得的碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜仍具有电致变红外发射率的性能,同时还具有良好的循环稳定性,满足对红外隐身的要求。
附图说明
图1为本发明彩色碳基电致变发射率薄膜制备方法的流程图;
图2为本发明彩色碳基电致变发射率薄膜的结构示意图;
图3为采用本发明方法制得的彩色碳纳米管薄膜的光学照片;
图4为采用本发明方法制得的彩色碳纳米管薄膜的光学谱图;
图5为实施例1~3制得的彩色碳基电致变发射率薄膜在施加不同电压时,彩色碳纳米管薄膜的发射率调制柱状图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
如图1所示,本发明彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备遮盖涂层:在室温下,将PU树脂用少量的乙酸丁酯溶解,然后往其中加入纳米二氧化钛粉末,再加入一定量的乙酸丁酯,超声搅拌均匀,最后往其中加入固化剂,混匀后得到白色色浆,将得到的白色色浆喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜上,所得到的薄膜在50℃烘箱中烘干过夜,得到覆盖有白色涂层的碳纳米管薄膜;PU树脂、纳米二氧化钛粉末以及固化剂的质量比为2:1:1(分别为加入2g、1g、1g);遮盖涂层的厚度为8μm;采用的固化剂为聚氨酯;总的乙酸丁酯加入量为10mL;
(2)制备彩色涂层:在室温下,将PU树脂用少量的乙酸丁酯溶解,然后往其中加入黄色色浆,再加入一定量的乙酸丁酯,超声搅拌均匀,最后加入固化剂;混匀后得到黄色色浆,将得到的黄色色浆喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜上,得到黄色的碳纳米管薄膜,最后置于50℃烘箱中烘干;PU树脂、黄色色浆以及固化剂的质量比为2:1:1(分别为加入2g、1g、1g);彩色涂层的厚度为8μm;采用的固化剂为聚氨酯;总的乙酸丁酯加入量为10mL;
(3)首先将Celgard隔膜(多孔有机隔膜)浸渍在离子液体中1小时,所采用的离子液体为咪唑类的离子液体,浸渍后将负载了离子液体的多孔有机隔膜放置在底层电极上,再将黄色碳纳米管薄膜放置在多孔有机隔膜远离底层电极的一侧上,最后采用环氧树脂胶将复合材料粘合密封,得到黄色柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件。
在室温下,将黄色碳纳米管薄膜作为顶层电极,底层电极(导电层)为柔性ITO,在底层电极和顶层电极之间采用多孔有机隔膜分离。
实施例2
本发明彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备遮盖涂层:在室温下,将PU树脂用少量的乙酸丁酯溶解,然后往其中加入纳米二氧化钛粉末,再加入一定量的乙酸丁酯,超声搅拌均匀,最后往其中加入固化剂,混匀后得到白色色浆,将得到的白色色浆喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜上,所得到的薄膜在50℃烘箱中烘干过夜,得到覆盖有白色涂层的碳纳米管薄膜;PU树脂、纳米二氧化钛粉末以及固化剂的质量比为2:1:1(分别为加入2g、1g、1g);遮盖涂层的厚度为8μm;采用的固化剂为聚氨酯;总的乙酸丁酯加入量为10mL;
(2)制备彩色涂层:在室温下,将PU树脂用少量的乙酸丁酯溶解,然后往其中加入绿色色浆,再加入一定量的乙酸丁酯,超声搅拌均匀,最后加入固化剂;混匀后得到绿色色浆,将得到的绿色色浆喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜上,得到绿色的碳纳米管薄膜,最后置于50℃烘箱中烘干;PU树脂、绿色色浆以及固化剂的质量比为2:1:1(分别为加入2g、1g、1g);彩色涂层的厚度为7μm;采用的固化剂为聚氨酯;总的乙酸丁酯加入量为10mL;
(3)首先将Celgard隔膜(多孔有机隔膜)浸渍在离子液体中1小时,所采用的离子液体为咪唑类的离子液体,浸渍后将负载了离子液体的多孔有机隔膜放置在底层电极上,再将绿色碳纳米管薄膜放置在多孔有机隔膜远离底层电极的一侧上,最后采用环氧树脂胶将复合材料粘合密封,得到绿色柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件。
在室温下,将绿色碳纳米管薄膜作为顶层电极,底层电极(导电层)为柔性ITO,在底层电极和顶层电极之间采用多孔有机隔膜分离。
实施例3
本发明彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备遮盖涂层:在室温下,将PU树脂用少量的乙酸丁酯溶解,然后往其中加入纳米二氧化钛粉末,再加入一定量的乙酸丁酯,超声搅拌均匀,最后往其中加入固化剂,混匀后得到白色色浆,将得到的白色色浆喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜上,所得到的薄膜在50℃烘箱中烘干过夜,得到覆盖有白色涂层的碳纳米管薄膜;PU树脂、纳米二氧化钛粉末以及固化剂的质量比为2:1:1(分别为加入2g、1g、1g);遮盖涂层的厚度为8μm;采用的固化剂为聚氨酯;总的乙酸丁酯加入量为10mL;
(2)制备彩色涂层:在室温下,将PU树脂用少量的乙酸丁酯溶解,然后往其中加入蓝色色浆,再加入一定量的乙酸丁酯,超声搅拌均匀,最后加入固化剂;混匀后得到蓝色色浆,将得到的蓝色色浆喷涂在碳纳米管薄膜上,得到蓝色的碳纳米管薄膜,最后置于50℃烘箱中烘干;PU树脂、蓝色色浆以及固化剂的质量比为2:1:1(分别为加入2g、1g、1g);蓝色涂层的厚度为6μm;采用的固化剂为聚氨酯;总的乙酸丁酯加入量为10mL;
(3)首先将Celgard隔膜(多孔有机隔膜)浸渍在离子液体中1小时,所采用的离子液体为咪唑类的离子液体,浸渍后将负载了离子液体的多孔有机隔膜放置在底层电极上,再将蓝色碳纳米管薄膜放置在多孔有机隔膜远离底层电极的一侧上,最后采用环氧树脂胶将复合材料粘合密封,得到蓝色柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件。
在室温下,将蓝色碳纳米管薄膜作为顶层电极,底层电极(导电层)为柔性ITO,在底层电极和顶层电极之间采用多孔有机隔膜分离。
对比例1
将Celgard隔膜(多孔有机隔膜)浸渍在离子液体中1小时,所采用的离子液体为咪唑类的离子液体,浸渍后将负载了离子液体的多孔有机隔膜放置在底层电极上,再将碳纳米管薄膜放置在多孔有机隔膜远离底层电极的一侧上,最后采用环氧树脂胶将复合材料粘合密封,得到柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件。
本发明制得的彩色柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件中,碳基材料薄膜可采用碳纳米管薄膜;隔膜可采用多孔聚氯乙烯薄膜或Celgard隔膜;底部电极采用柔性ITO薄膜。本发明制得的彩色柔性碳纳米管电致变发射率器件由于涂层厚度很薄,因此柔韧性良好,可以任意弯曲,因此可以覆盖在任意不规则的外表面。
图3为采用本发明方法制得的彩色碳纳米管薄膜的图片,不同颜色的薄膜能够实现在沙漠、土壤(黄色)、森林(绿色)、海洋、蓝天(蓝色)背景下的应用,能够实现目标在可见光下的视觉隐身。
图4为采用本发明方法制得的彩色碳纳米管薄膜的光学谱图,带有不同颜色的碳纳米管薄膜在可见光谱内具有不同的反射峰,说明彩色色浆成功覆盖到黑色碳纳米管薄膜上,而本身为黑色的碳纳米管薄膜在可见光内表现为全吸收,反射率极低,无反射峰值。
图5为实施例1~3制得的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的发射率变化图。通过图5可知,采用本发明方法得到的黄色、绿色和蓝色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜均具有电致变红外发射率的性能,其中,在施加正电压后(0-4V范围内),黄色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜红外发射率可调节范围为0.35~0.75;对比例1制得的未加遮盖涂层与彩色涂层的碳纳米管薄膜在施加正电压后(0-4V范围内),红外发射率可调节范围为0.3-0.76,从而说明本发明方法既可以保证黑色碳基材料膜在视觉上有颜色变化,从而获得不同的颜色,又可以不影响碳纳米管薄膜的电致变发射率性能。

Claims (10)

1.一种彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,其特征在于:包括碳基材料膜以及依次覆盖在碳基材料膜上的遮盖涂层和彩色涂层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,其特征在于:所述遮盖涂层为白色涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,其特征在于:所述碳基材料膜上遮盖涂层和彩色涂层的总厚度为10~20μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,其特征在于:还包括隔膜和导电层;所述碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜由覆盖有遮盖涂层和彩色涂层的碳基材料膜、隔膜和导电层依次复合而成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜,其特征在于:所述碳基材料膜为碳纳米管薄膜或石墨烯薄膜;所述导电层为碳纳米管薄膜、石墨烯薄膜、金膜、银膜或ITO薄膜中的一种;所述隔膜为Celgard隔膜或PE隔膜,将其浸泡在离子液体中得到负载有离子液体的隔膜。
6.权利要求1所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)制备遮盖涂层:室温下,将聚氨酯溶解在乙酸丁酯中,再加入白色纳米粉末,超声搅拌,混匀后加入固化剂,得到白色浆料,将白色浆料喷涂到碳基材料膜上,烘干,得到白色涂层;
(2)制备彩色涂层:室温下,将聚氨酯溶解在乙酸丁酯中,再加入彩色色浆,超声搅拌,混匀后加入固化剂,得到彩色浆料,将彩色浆料喷涂到白色涂层上,烘干,得到彩色涂层;
(3)将多孔隔膜浸渍在离子液体中,浸渍后将负载了离子液体的多孔隔膜放置在导电层上,再将覆盖有遮盖涂层和彩色涂层的碳基材料膜放置在多孔隔膜远离导电层的一侧上,最后用密封胶将复合材料粘合密封。
7.根据权利要求6所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,所述白色浆料中,聚氨酯、白色纳米粉末和固化剂的质量比为1~3:0.1~1.5:1~3;所述彩色浆料中,聚氨酯、彩色色浆和固化剂的质量比为1~3:0.1~1.5:1~3。
8.根据权利要求7所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:所述白色纳米粉末为具有高折射率的TiO2或ZnO。
9.根据权利要求6所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,所述白色涂层的厚度为不高于10μm;所述彩色涂层的厚度为不高于10μm。
10.根据权利要求6所述的彩色碳基电致变红外发射率薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)和步骤(2)中,烘干温度为40~60℃,烘干时间为8~12小时。
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