CN115485476A - 风力涡轮机 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机 Download PDF

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CN115485476A
CN115485476A CN202180031920.8A CN202180031920A CN115485476A CN 115485476 A CN115485476 A CN 115485476A CN 202180031920 A CN202180031920 A CN 202180031920A CN 115485476 A CN115485476 A CN 115485476A
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bearing
rotor
wind turbine
rotor bearing
outer ring
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比约恩·坎佩
冈瑟·埃尔费特
约尔格·罗曼
贝恩德·吕讷堡
斯蒂芬·弗罗宁
西蒙·安杰洛·桑托罗
叶夫根尼·沙里普金
金姆·汤姆森
亚历杭德罗·切尔达·瓦雷拉
尼尔斯·卡尔·弗莱登达尔
莫腾·斯尔豪格
亨利克·吉尔登列夫·莫滕森
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Rothe Erde Germany GmbH
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Rothe Erde Germany GmbH
Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C21/00—Combinations of sliding-contact bearings with ball or roller bearings, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F16C33/586—Details of specific parts of races outside the space between the races, e.g. end faces or bore of inner ring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6659—Details of supply of the liquid to the bearing, e.g. passages or nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66—Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637—Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6685—Details of collecting or draining, e.g. returning the liquid to a sump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F16C33/7813—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for tapered roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/50—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/57—Seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/98—Lubrication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/10—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for both radial and axial load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

发明提出一种带有转子轴承(1)的风力涡轮机(100)，其中转子轴承(1)两侧的排放室(7)经由穿过转子轴承(1)的外环(2)的多个通道(5)相互连接，这些通道分布在外环(2)的圆周上，并且转子轴承(1)的轴线(A)与水平线(H)成2°至10°的角度布置，以促使泄漏油流过通道(5)。

Description

风力涡轮机
技术领域
本发明基于一种包括转子轴承的风力涡轮机。
背景技术
风力涡轮机通常包括转子轴承，转子轴承一方面经由机舱将风力涡轮机的转子的力和扭矩传递到风力涡轮机的塔架和基部中，另一方面能够将扭矩传递到风力涡轮机的发电机中。转子轴承通常具有可相对于彼此旋转的内环和外环。内环和外环中的一个固定连接到机舱，另一个环连接到风力涡轮机的叶片和风力涡轮机的发电机。内环和外环同轴地布置并且相互连接，使得它们可以围绕沿轴向延伸的旋转轴线相对于彼此旋转。
为了使风力涡轮机长期可靠地运行，有必要润滑和冷却布置在内环和外环之间的使外环能够旋转的轴承元件。
确保润滑和冷却的一种方法是将油引入外环和内环之间的轴承内部空间，该空间通常用密封装置密封。尽管有密封装置，但仍不可避免会发生泄漏。通过泄漏漏出的机油必须收回。这通常是使用主动泵来完成的，但如果泵发生故障，则可能导致风力涡轮机的不必要的油损失。特别地，由于泄漏油必须通过轮毂泵送至机舱侧，因此，在具有固定到转子的旋转外环的转子轴承中，从转子侧收回泄漏油变得复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风力涡轮机，该风力涡轮机不受上述现有技术的缺点的影响，但减少了油损失的风险，并且简化了从转子轴承的转子侧的泄漏油回收。
这通过一种风力涡轮机来解决，该风力涡轮机具有：塔架；机舱，固定到塔架；转子，该转子经由转子轴承可旋转地安装在机舱上，转子轴承包括内环、外环，其中外环连接到转子并且内环连接到机舱，其中内环和外环一起限定内部轴承空间；以及密封装置，用于密封转子轴承的机舱侧和转子侧的内部轴承空间，其中密封装置各自包括至少两个密封件，在该至少两个密封件之间形成有用于收集泄漏油的排放室，其中转子轴承两侧的排放室经由穿过外环的多个通道相互连接，该多个通道分布在外环的圆周上，并且其中转子轴承的轴线与水平线成2°至10°的角度布置以促使泄漏油通过通道流向转子轴承的机舱侧。
根据本发明的风力涡轮机提供了在没有主动泵的情况下使泄漏的油安全地返回到储油器的可能性。泄漏的油被收集在排放室中，并通过通道被引导至转子轴承的机舱侧，在那里可以设置储油器。转子轴承的倾斜位置支持油流过通道。本发明的意义上的转子轴承的轴线是转子轴承的旋转轴线。
可从从属权利要求以及参照附图的描述中推断出本发明的优选实施例和进一步的调整。
根据本发明的优选实施例，通道基本上在转子轴承的轴向上延伸。由于通道基本上在轴向上延伸，油需要通过的通道的长度缩短。此外，转子轴承的倾斜使通道在轴向上延伸时也相应倾斜。本发明意义上的轴向被布置为平行于转子轴承的旋转轴线。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，转子轴承的机舱侧位于转子轴承的一个轴端，并且转子侧位于转子轴承的相对轴端。也就是说，通道被布置为使得泄漏油沿轴向通过转子轴承输送。优选地，风力涡轮机包括位于转子轴承的机舱侧的储油器。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，内环配备有具有出口的集油环，其中集油环至少部分地环绕外环以收集从转动的外环中的通道端部流出的油。优选地，集油环布置在转子轴承的机舱侧。因此，当外环运动时，可以避免在转子轴承的机舱侧出现油损失。优选地，集油环包括另一密封件。优选地，另一密封件密封形成在集油环和外环之间的集油室。优选地，通道通向集油室。集油室优选地与储油器连接。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，内环和外环经由布置在内部轴承空间中的滑动表面相互接触。因此，转子轴承可以是液膜轴承。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，在内环和外环中的每一个上形成有至少一个滚道，并且内部轴承空间中布置有能够在滚道上滚动的至少一排滚动元件。因此，转子轴承可以是滚动轴承。
优选地，转子轴承是混合轴承，即，内环和外环经由布置在内部轴承空间中的滑动表面相互接触，并且在内环和外环中的每一个上形成有至少一个滚道，并且在内部轴承空间中布置有能够在滚道上滚动的至少一排滚动元件。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，内部轴承空间包含用于润滑的油。优选地，风力涡轮机包括用于冷却油的冷却系统。优选地，风力涡轮机包括在内部轴承空间中建立油压的泵。优选地，风力涡轮机包括用于将泄漏油输送回内部轴承空间的另一个泵。
根据本发明的另一优选实施例，转子轴承是圆锥滚柱轴承或三列滚柱轴承。这种类型的轴承非常适合用于风力涡轮机。轴承布置确保了轴向力和径向力都被很好地吸收。
附图说明
可以在附图中以及对基于附图的优选实施例的以下描述中发现本发明的进一步的细节、特征和优点。附图仅示出本发明的示例性实施例，而不限制本发明的基本精神。
图1示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的风力涡轮机的转子轴承的示意图。
图2示出根据本发明的另一示例性实施例的风力涡轮机的转子轴承的示意图。
图3示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的风力涡轮机。
附图标记列表：
1 转子轴承
1.1 机舱侧
1.2 转子侧
2 外环
3 内环
4 密封装置
4.1 另一密封件
5 通道
6.1 滚动元件
6.2 滑动表面
7 排放室
8 出口
9 收集环
10 集油室
100 风力涡轮机
A 轴向/旋转轴线
H 水平线
具体实施方式
在附图中，相同的部件总是带有相同的附图标记，因此通常只被提及一次。
图1示出根据本发明的示例性实施例的风力涡轮机(参见图3)的转子轴承1的示意图。这里，转子轴承1是具有两排滚动元件6.1的滚动轴承。滚动元件6.1允许围绕转子轴承1的旋转轴线A(也是轴向A)在转子轴承1的内环3和转子轴承1的外环2之间的旋转运动。
为了确保转子轴承1的长寿命和安全操作，内部轴承空间含有油。油在压力下被泵入内部轴承空间，并润滑和冷却滚动元件6.1、外环2和内环3。为此，内部轴承空间在转子侧1.2处和与转子侧1.2相对的机舱侧1.1处由密封装置4沿轴向A密封。
尽管有密封装置4，油仍可能泄漏。在转子轴承1的转子侧1.2和机舱侧1.1处，通过密封装置4布置有密封的排放室7。在排放室7中收集从内部轴承空间泄漏的油。为了将油从排放室7排出，在轴向A上围绕外环2的圆周布置有通道5，该通道将转子侧1.2的排放室7与机舱侧1.1的排放室7连接。通道5的直径优选地至少为10mm。通道5可以均匀地或者可以不均匀地分布在外环2的圆周上。
转子轴承1的旋转轴线A相对于水平线H倾斜2°至10°。因此重力支持油通过通道5从转子侧1.2的排放室7流向机舱侧1.1的排放室7。
为了即使在外环2旋转时也能收集流经机舱侧1.1上的通道5的油，内环3具有集油环9。集油环9部分地包围外环2以收集从通道5流出的油。另一密封件4.1与集油环9和外环2一起形成集油室10。在这里所示的图中，集油室10也是机舱侧1.1排放室7。
油可以从油收集室10通过出口8流入机舱侧1.1储油器。
图2示出根据本发明的另一示例性实施例的风力涡轮机(参见图3)的转子轴承1的示意图。与图1所示的优选实施例不同，这里的转子轴承1是混合轴承。转子轴承1包括滚动元件6.1和滑动表面6.2。也可以设想，转子轴承1也被设计为不具有滚动元件6.1而仅包括滑动表面6.2的纯滑动轴承。
图3示出根据本发明示的例性实施例的风力涡轮机100。

Claims (8)

1.一种风力涡轮机(100)，包括塔架、固定到所述塔架的机舱以及经由转子轴承(1)可旋转地安装在所述机舱上的转子，所述转子轴承(1)包括：
内环(3)；
外环(2)，
其中所述外环(2)连接到所述转子，并且所述内环(3)连接到所述机舱，
其中所述内环(3)和所述外环(2)一起限定内部轴承空间；以及
密封装置(4)，用于在所述转子轴承(1)的机舱侧(1.1)和转子侧(1.2)密封所述内部轴承空间，
其中所述密封装置(4)各自包括至少两个密封件，在所述至少两个密封件之间形成有用于收集泄漏油的排放室(7)，
其特征在于，所述转子轴承(1)两侧的所述排放室(7)经由穿过所述外环(2)的多个通道(5)相互连接，所述多个通道(5)分布在所述外环(2)的圆周上，并且所述转子轴承(1)的轴线(A)与水平线(H)成2°至10°的角度布置以促使泄漏油通过所述通道(5)流向所述转子轴承(1)的所述机舱侧(1.1)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，所述通道(5)基本上沿所述转子轴承(1)的轴向(A)延伸。
3.根据权利要求1或2中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，所述转子轴承(1)的所述机舱侧(1.1)位于所述转子轴承(2)的一个轴端，并且所述转子侧(1.2)位于所述转子轴承(1)的相对轴端。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，所述内环(3)配备有具有出口(8)的集油环(9)，其中，所述集油环(9)至少部分地围绕所述外环(2)，以收集从转动的外环(2)中的通道(5)端部流出的油。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，所述内环(3)和所述外环(2)经由布置在所述内部轴承空间内的滑动表面(6.2)相互接触。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，在所述内环和所述外环中的每一个上形成有至少一个滚道，并且在所述内部轴承空间内布置有能够在所述滚道上滚动的至少一排滚动元件(6.1)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，所述内部轴承空间包含用于润滑的油。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的风力涡轮机(100)，其特征在于，所述转子轴承(1)是圆锥滚柱轴承或三列滚柱轴承。
CN202180031920.8A 2020-04-28 2021-04-26 风力涡轮机 Pending CN115485476A (zh)

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