CN115483747A - Multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger - Google Patents
Multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
- H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
- H02M1/385—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches with means for correcting output voltage deviations introduced by the dead time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
- H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
- H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger, which comprises a front-stage bidirectional PFC (power factor correction) for completing AC/DC conversion and controlling a power factor to be 1, and a rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter for completing conversion of different DC-DC voltage grades and charging a power battery; the pre-stage bidirectional PFC has two working modes, namely a totem-pole PFC mode when a 220V single-phase power supply is accessed and a two-level rectifier mode when a 380V three-phase power supply is accessed; a rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter adopts a CLLLC resonant network topology, and is completely symmetrical in forward and reverse directions; the front-stage bidirectional PFC is connected with the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter, and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter is connected with the rechargeable battery; the switching tubes in the front-stage bidirectional PFC and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter all adopt gallium nitride-based switching tubes. The charging efficiency of the electric automobile is improved, the electric automobile can be compatible with a 220V single-phase power grid and a 380V three-phase power grid, and the functions of V2G and V2L are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted chargers, in particular to a multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger.
Background
The new energy automobile sales in 2021 years in China reaches 352, ten thousands of new energy automobiles are provided with one vehicle-mounted charger (OBC), the main function is to take electricity from a 220V alternating current power grid for charging without a special charging pile, and although the charging speed is low, the charging requirements of different users are greatly facilitated.
However, at present, most of OBCs in electric vehicles mainly use single-phase unidirectional OBCs, that is, only 220V single-phase ac power input is available, and only have unidirectional G2V (from power grid to electric vehicle) functions, and the switching tube inside the OBC mainly uses Si-based MOSFET, which has the disadvantages of large conduction loss, large heat generation, low conversion efficiency, and large size. In the working mode, the charging function is only provided, and the V2G (electric vehicle to power grid) function and the V2L (electric vehicle to load) function are not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger which is provided by the invention
High electric automobile charging efficiency can compatible 220V single-phase electric wire netting and 380V three-phase electric wire netting, realizes V2G and V2L function.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger comprises a front-stage bidirectional PFC and a rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter, wherein the front-stage bidirectional PFC is used for completing AC/DC conversion and controlling a power factor to be 1, and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter is used for completing conversion of different DC-DC voltage grades and charging a power battery; the front-stage bidirectional PFC is respectively connected with a 220V single-phase power grid or a 380V three-phase power grid through a change-over switch, works in a totem-pole PFC mode when a 220V single-phase power supply is accessed, and works in a two-level rectifier mode when a 380V three-phase power supply is accessed; the backward-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter adopts a CLLLC resonant network topology, and is completely symmetrical in forward direction and reverse direction; the front-stage bidirectional PFC is connected with a rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter, and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter is connected with a rechargeable battery; the switching tubes in the front-stage bidirectional PFC and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter all adopt gallium nitride-based switching tubes.
Preferably, the preceding-stage bidirectional PFC includes a first switching tube S1, a second switching tube S2, a third switching tube S3, a fourth switching tube S4, a fifth switching tube S5 and a sixth switching tube S6, drains of the first switching tube S1, the third switching tube S3 and the fifth switching tube S5 are connected, a source of the first switching tube S1 is connected to a drain of the second switching tube S2, a source of the third switching tube S3 is connected to a drain of the fourth switching tube S4, a source of the fifth switching tube S5 is connected to a drain of the sixth switching tube S6, sources of the fourth switching tube S4, the fifth switching tube S5 and the sixth switching tube S6 are connected, and sources of the first switching tube S1, the third switching tube S3 and the fifth switching tube S5 are respectively connected to the switch through an inductor; a capacitor is connected in series between the drain of the fifth switch tube S5 and the source of the sixth switch tube S6, and a diode is connected in series between the source and the drain of each switch tube.
Preferably, the first switch tube S1 and the second switch tube S2 are high-frequency switch tubes, and the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are power-frequency switch tubes.
Preferably, the post-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter includes a first H-bridge switching circuit, a second H-bridge switching circuit, and a resonant transformer;
the first H-bridge switching circuit comprises a seventh switching tube S7, an eighth switching tube S8, a ninth switching tube S9 and a tenth switching tube S10, the drain electrodes of the seventh switching tube S7 and the ninth switching tube S9 are connected, the source electrode of the seventh switching tube S7 is connected with the drain electrode of the eighth switching tube S8, the source electrode of the ninth switching tube S9 is connected with the drain electrode of the tenth switching tube S10, the source electrode of the seventh switching tube S7 is connected with one end of a first winding of a resonance transformer, and the source electrode of the ninth switching tube S9 is connected with the other end of the first winding of the resonance transformer;
the second H-bridge switching circuit comprises an eleventh switching tube S11, a twelfth switching tube S12, a thirteenth switching tube S13 and a fourteenth switching tube S14, the drain electrodes of the eleventh switching tube S11 and the thirteenth switching tube S13 are connected, the source electrode of the eleventh switching tube S7 is connected with the drain electrode of the twelfth switching tube S12, the source electrode of the thirteenth switching tube S13 is connected with the drain electrode of the fourteenth switching tube S14, the source electrode of the eleventh switching tube S11 is connected with one end of the second winding of the resonance transformer, and the source electrode of the thirteenth switching tube S13 is connected with the other end of the second winding of the resonance transformer;
a capacitor is connected in series between the drain of the thirteenth switching tube S13 and the source of the fourteenth switching tube S14;
a diode is connected in series between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each switching tube.
Preferably, the switch tubes S7-S14 are all high-frequency switch tubes.
Preferably, the transformation ratio of the resonance transformer is n:1.
Compared with the prior art, the multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger has the following advantages:
1. the power density is high. The GaN-based switching device has high switching frequency, and the magnetic component and the clamping capacitor can be selected to be small in size, so that the GaN-based OBC has small volume and high power density under the same capacity.
2. Adaptive grid input selection. The design can work in a 220V single-phase power grid and a 380V three-phase power grid, and the working mode and the charging power are selected automatically.
3. And the V2G function is realized. The effect of present energy storage power station to electric wire netting load peak clipping valley filling has obtained extensive consensus, when electric automobile connects on the electric wire netting, work when the power consumption low ebb in the electric energy of G2V mode absorption electric wire netting charges electric automobile power battery, work when the power consumption peak in the V2G mode by electric automobile to the electric wire netting moderate degree provide the electric energy, if all electric automobile all possess this kind of function, will realize the effect in national scope's distributed energy storage power station, make the electric wire netting operation of country more economic, steady.
4. And the V2L function is realized. When the user is in outdoor camping, can obtain 220V alternating current power supply from electric automobile for domestic appliances such as drive microwave oven, battery stove, thermos and electric fan have improved user's outdoor experience greatly, have extensive market basis and market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single phase mode of operation;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the power frequency tube switch logic;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the PFC commutation principle;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase PFC main loop;
fig. 6 is a three-phase PFC principle control block diagram;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a CLLLC resonant converter topology;
FIG. 8 is a control block diagram of the CLLLC converter in the G2V mode;
fig. 9 is a control block diagram of the CLLLC converter in V2G and V2L modes.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the OBC is one of the core components of an electric vehicle, and the main function is to charge a power battery. The OBC comprises two parts, wherein one part is a front-stage bidirectional PFC, and the OBC mainly has the functions of completing AC/DC conversion and controlling a power factor to be 1: the other part is a post-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter which mainly has the functions of completing conversion of different DC-DC voltage levels and charging a power battery.
Introduction of principle of multi-mode bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger:
1. single-phase and three-phase adaptive recognition
The system detects input side line voltages Uab and Ubc, if the effective value is 176V-264V, the system judges that the input side line voltages are single-phase input, the system automatically switches the selector switch to a single-phase mode (position b in figure 1), and a single-phase control program is started; if the effective value is between 304V-456V, a three-phase input is judged, the system automatically switches the selector switch to a three-phase mode (a position in figure 1), and a three-phase control program is started.
2. Introduction to bidirectional PFC principle
1) Single phase mode
When the system enters a single-phase working mode, the front-stage PFC only has S1-S4 switching tubes to participate in the work, as shown in FIG. 2: the first switch tube S1 and the second switch tube S2 are high-frequency switch tubes, the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are power frequency switch tubes, the PFC function is to convert AC into DC and maintain the stability of direct current voltage, double closed loop control is adopted, the output of a voltage outer loop is given by a current inner loop, the output of the current inner loop is used for being compared with a carrier to generate pulse signals of the S1 and the S2, the power frequency switch tube S3 is switched off at a positive half shaft of the grid voltage, a negative half shaft is switched on, the S4 is switched on at the positive half shaft of the grid voltage, and the negative half shaft is switched off. Switching logic signals of the power frequency tube are shown in fig. 3 (Gs 3 and Gs4 are driving gate signals of a third switching tube S3 and a fourth switching tube S4 respectively, 1 is on, and 0 is off):
taking a positive half shaft of a power grid voltage as an example, a fourth switching tube S4 is turned on, a second switching tube S2 is in a PWM modulation state, when the second switching tube S2 is turned on, a current flows through the second switching tube S2 and the fourth switching tube S4 to store energy in the inductors La and Lb, when the second switching tube S2 is turned off, the first switching tube S1 is turned on (the switching signals of the first switching tube S1 and the second switching tube S2 are complementary, and a dead time is added to prevent direct connection), a power source Us and the inductor charge a dc-side capacitor, and a current conversion path is as shown in fig. 4.
For the negative half shaft of the grid voltage, the same principle as the positive half shaft is not repeated.
When the converter works in a reverse direction (namely in a V2G or V2L mode), the working principle is the same, only the commutation paths are slightly different, taking a positive half shaft of a power grid voltage as an example, the fourth switching tube S4 is turned on, the first switching tube S1 is in a PWM modulation state, when the first switching tube S1 is turned on, current flows through the first switching tube S1, the fourth switching tube S4 and the power source Us to store energy for the inductors La and Lb and feed energy into the power grid, when the first switching tube S1 is turned off, the second switching tube S2 is turned on (the first switching tube S1 and the second switching tube S2 complement switching signals, and dead time is added to prevent direct connection), and the inductors La and Lb follow current and feed energy into the power source Us.
2) Three phase mode
When the system enters a single-phase working mode, all S1-S6 switching tubes of the front-stage PFC participate in working, as shown in FIG. 5:
the three-phase PFC is a two-level three-phase rectifier, the design adopts a two-level SVPWM control algorithm, the voltage stability of a bus at a direct current side and the power factor at a network side can be kept to be 1, the two-level rectifier is mature, a control block diagram of the two-level PFC is shown in figure 6 and mainly comprises a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, the voltage outer ring is responsible for stabilizing the voltage at the direct current side, the current inner ring comprises an active current ring and a reactive current ring, the active current ring is responsible for receiving the output of the voltage outer ring to stabilize the voltage at the direct current side, and the reactive current ring is responsible for maintaining the power factor at the network side to be 1.
3. Introduction to the bidirectional DC-DC principle
The rear-stage bidirectional DC-DC converter adopts a CLLLC resonant network topology, the forward direction and the reverse direction are completely symmetrical, the energy is easier to control when flowing bidirectionally, the bidirectional gain coefficients are the same, and a topological schematic diagram is shown in FIG. 7:
the transformation ratio of the resonance transformer is n:1, and LC resonance parameters in the figure 6 meet the following conditions:
the forward and reverse working principles of the CLLLC symmetrical topological structure are basically consistent, and the CLLLC symmetrical topological structure is different from a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) mode of an AC/DC part, and a Pulse Frequency Modulation (PFM) mode is adopted by the DC-DC part.
1) G2V mode
When the battery is charged by G2V, two working processes, namely a Constant current stage and a Constant voltage stage, are provided, a control principle block diagram is shown in figure 8, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is low in the initial charging stage, a Constant current charging mode (CC) is adopted, the actual charging current of the battery is consistent with a given value and keeps Constant, only a current loop is put in at the moment, and the output of a current loop PI controller is used for adjusting the switching frequency of a primary side switching tube of a CLLLC converter so as to realize the frequency modulation control of the converter. When the state of charge of the battery reaches a certain threshold value, the battery is converted from Constant current charging into a Constant voltage charging mode (CV), at the moment, both a voltage ring and current are put into use, the output of the voltage ring PI controller is used as the given value of charging current, the effect of the current ring PI controller is unchanged, and the output is used for a PFM module to perform frequency modulation control.
2) V2G and V2L modes
In the V2G and V2L modes, the battery discharges to the grid or the load through the OBC, the CLLLC converter operates in the reverse mode, the voltage loop and the current loop need to be put into use, and PFM frequency modulation control is performed on S11 to S14, and the control block diagram is basically the same as that of the G2V mode, as shown in fig. 9.
The GaN-based bidirectional OBC technology is applied to an electric vehicle charger, and the following problems are solved: 1. the existing Si-based OBC which is used in large quantity has the problems of large volume, large loss and low efficiency, the charging efficiency of the electric automobile can be improved after the GaN-based device is used for substitution, and the space layout design of the electric automobile is optimized; 2. at present, the OBC of the electric automobile can only get electricity from single-phase 220V alternating current, the design can be compatible with a 220V single-phase power grid and a 380V three-phase power grid, and charging scenes are enriched; 3. at present, the OBC of the electric automobile can not realize the V2G function, the design can realize that the electric automobile supplies power to a power grid, and the electric automobile can be used as terminal equipment of a distributed energy storage power station to play a role in 'peak clipping and valley filling' on an urban power grid; 4. at present electric automobile OBC can not realize the V2L function, and this design can realize that electric automobile supplies power to domestic appliance, has made things convenient for outdoor camping user's power consumption demand, improves electric automobile's customer stickness.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a two-way on-vehicle machine that charges of multi-mode gallium nitride base which characterized in that: the power battery charging system comprises a front-stage bidirectional PFC (power factor correction) for completing AC/DC conversion and controlling a power factor to be 1, and a rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter for completing conversion of different voltage levels of DC-DC and charging a power battery; the front-stage bidirectional PFC is respectively connected with a 220V single-phase power grid or a 380V three-phase power grid through a change-over switch, works in a totem pole PFC mode when a 220V single-phase power supply is accessed, and works in a two-level rectifier mode when a 380V three-phase power supply is accessed; the backward-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter adopts a CLLLC resonant network topology, and is completely symmetrical in forward direction and reverse direction; the front-stage bidirectional PFC is connected with a rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter, and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter is connected with a rechargeable battery; the switching tubes in the front-stage bidirectional PFC and the rear-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter all adopt gallium nitride-based switching tubes.
2. The multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: the front-stage bidirectional PFC comprises a first switching tube S1, a second switching tube S2, a third switching tube S3, a fourth switching tube S4, a fifth switching tube S5 and a sixth switching tube S6, the drain electrodes of the first switching tube S1, the third switching tube S3 and the fifth switching tube S5 are connected, the source electrode of the first switching tube S1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second switching tube S2, the source electrode of the third switching tube S3 is connected with the drain electrode of the fourth switching tube S4, the source electrode of the fifth switching tube S5 is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth switching tube S6, the source electrodes of the fourth switching tube S4, the fifth switching tube S5 and the sixth switching tube S6 are connected, and the source electrodes of the first switching tube S1, the third switching tube S3 and the fifth switching tube S5 are respectively connected with a change-over switch through an inductor; a capacitor is connected in series between the drain of the fifth switch tube S5 and the source of the sixth switch tube S6, and a diode is connected in series between the source and the drain of each switch tube.
3. The multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first switch tube S1, the second switch tube S2, the fifth switch tube S5 and the sixth switch tube S6 are high-frequency switch tubes, and the third switch tube S3 and the fourth switch tube S4 are power-frequency switch tubes.
4. The multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: the post-stage bidirectional CLLLC resonant DC-DC converter comprises a first H-bridge switch circuit, a second H-bridge switch circuit and a resonant transformer;
the first H-bridge switching circuit comprises a seventh switching tube S7, an eighth switching tube S8, a ninth switching tube S9 and a tenth switching tube S10, drain electrodes of the seventh switching tube S7 and the ninth switching tube S9 are connected, a source electrode of the seventh switching tube S7 is connected with a drain electrode of the eighth switching tube S8, a source electrode of the ninth switching tube S9 is connected with a drain electrode of the tenth switching tube S10, a source electrode of the seventh switching tube S7 is connected with one end of a first winding of a resonance transformer, and a source electrode of the ninth switching tube S9 is connected with the other end of the first winding of the resonance transformer;
the second H-bridge switching circuit comprises an eleventh switching tube S11, a twelfth switching tube S12, a thirteenth switching tube S13 and a fourteenth switching tube S14, the drain electrodes of the eleventh switching tube S11 and the thirteenth switching tube S13 are connected, the source electrode of the eleventh switching tube S7 is connected with the drain electrode of the twelfth switching tube S12, the source electrode of the thirteenth switching tube S13 is connected with the drain electrode of the fourteenth switching tube S14, the source electrode of the eleventh switching tube S11 is connected with one end of the second winding of the resonance transformer, and the source electrode of the thirteenth switching tube S13 is connected with the other end of the second winding of the resonance transformer;
a capacitor is connected in series between the drain of the thirteenth switching tube S13 and the source of the fourteenth switching tube S14;
a diode is connected in series between the source electrode and the drain electrode of each switch tube.
5. The multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger according to claim 4, characterized in that: the switch tubes S7-S14 are all high-frequency switch tubes.
6. The multi-mode gallium nitride-based bidirectional vehicle-mounted charger according to claim 4, characterized in that: the transformation ratio of the resonant transformer is n:1.
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| CN116742986A (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2023-09-12 | 西安图为电气技术有限公司 | Voltage conversion circuit, power supply device, voltage conversion method, device and equipment |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116742986A (en) * | 2023-07-18 | 2023-09-12 | 西安图为电气技术有限公司 | Voltage conversion circuit, power supply device, voltage conversion method, device and equipment |
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