CN115478272B - Laser cladding method, device, electronic equipment and medium - Google Patents

Laser cladding method, device, electronic equipment and medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115478272B
CN115478272B CN202211066905.XA CN202211066905A CN115478272B CN 115478272 B CN115478272 B CN 115478272B CN 202211066905 A CN202211066905 A CN 202211066905A CN 115478272 B CN115478272 B CN 115478272B
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laser
cladding
powder
target
strip
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CN115478272A (en
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赵树森
林学春
梁晗
张志研
李达
姜璐
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Institute of Semiconductors of CAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The disclosure provides a laser cladding method, a device, electronic equipment and a medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: synchronously starting a target powder feeder and a movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; and responding to the target time for starting the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate. Therefore, the laser cladding powder is subjected to laser cladding by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and the laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later machining can be reduced, and the loss of the cladding powder can be reduced.

Description

Laser cladding method, device, electronic equipment and medium
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of data processing, and in particular relates to a laser cladding method, a device, electronic equipment and a medium.
Background
Laser cladding (also referred to as laser cladding or laser cladding) is a method of adding cladding material to the surface of a laser cladding substrate and fusing the cladding material together with a thin layer of the laser cladding substrate surface using a laser beam of high energy density.
As an emerging surface modification technology, the laser cladding technology is widely used in the repair process of parts of mining machinery, ferrous metallurgy and the like due to the advantages of green pollution-free, high efficiency and the like. At present, in the related art, when a round light spot single-channel laser is adopted for laser cladding, the laser cladding layer is arched or semicircular, and when large-area laser cladding is carried out, a multi-channel lap joint mode can be adopted, however, the finally formed wave-shaped laser cladding layer is formed. In order to obtain a smooth surface, the wavy surface needs to be processed in the later period, so that the workload is increased, and the loss of the laser cladding material is caused in the processing process. When broadband laser is adopted for laser cladding, although the laser cladding efficiency is greatly improved, the laser cladding layer still presents wave shape, the later processing workload is still larger, and the loss of laser cladding materials is also more serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a laser cladding method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent. The technical scheme of the present disclosure is as follows:
according to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a laser cladding method including:
synchronously starting a target powder feeder and a movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length;
responding to the target time for starting the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided another laser cladding apparatus, including:
The first opening module is used for synchronously opening the target powder feeder and the movable device so as to spray cladding powder to the laser cladding base material through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder and drive the laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length;
the second opening module is used for responding to the target opening time of the target powder feeder and opening the laser so as to emit laser spots through the laser and carry out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding base material; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, where the processor executes the program to implement the laser cladding method set forth in the above aspect of the present disclosure.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of computer instructions for causing the computer to perform the laser cladding method set forth in the above aspect of the present disclosure.
According to a further aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the laser cladding method set forth in the above aspect of the present disclosure.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:
synchronously starting a target powder feeder and a movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; responding to the target time for starting the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding base material; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. Therefore, the laser cladding of the cladding powder is carried out by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and the laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later machining can be reduced, the loss of cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the cladding materials can be improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the spacing between the intersection of the centerline of the multi-orifice powder delivery nozzle and the laser cladding substrate surface and the intersection of the centerline of the laser spot and the laser cladding substrate surface provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method according to a second embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder provided by the present disclosure on a laser cladding substrate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the orifice of the porous powder delivery nozzle provided by the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of a stripe spot provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cladding apparatus according to a third embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 9 shows a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary and intended for the purpose of explaining the present disclosure and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
The laser cladding method, the device, the electronic equipment and the medium of the embodiment of the disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a laser cladding method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
The laser cladding method is configured in a laser cladding device for illustration, and the laser cladding device can be applied to any electronic equipment so that the electronic equipment can execute a laser cladding function.
The electronic device may be any device with computing capability, for example, may be a personal computer (Personal Computer, abbreviated as PC), a mobile terminal, a server, etc., and the mobile terminal may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, etc. with various operating systems, a touch screen, and/or a hardware device with a display screen.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser cladding method may include the steps of:
step 101, synchronously starting a target powder feeder and a movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the cladding powder may be, for example, an iron-based alloy powder, a nickel-based alloy powder, a cobalt-based alloy powder, a CrC chromium carbide powder, a WC tungsten carbide powder, or a mixed powder of the above powders, etc., which is not limited in the present disclosure.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser cladding substrate may be, for example, a carbon steel material, a stainless steel material, a cast iron material, an alloy steel material, etc., which the present disclosure is not limited to.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the target powder feeder may have a porous powder feed nozzle such that the cladding powder may be blown through the porous powder feed nozzle of the target powder feeder to the laser cladding substrate.
The number of the spray holes on the porous powder feeding nozzle can be 3, 5 or 11, for example, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the movable device may be a machine tool, or may be an industrial robot, for example, which is not limited in this disclosure.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser spot of the laser (which may also be referred to as a laser cladding head) may be a stripe-shaped spot.
As an example, to obtain the laser light of the stripe-shaped light spot, the laser light spot of the laser may be shaped, for example, the circular light spot may be shaped into the stripe-shaped light spot by designing an integrator mirror.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the target length may be a distance between an intersection point of a line of a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder and a surface of the laser cladding substrate and an intersection point of a line of a laser spot and a surface of the laser cladding substrate, for example, as shown in fig. 2, a line of a porous powder feeding nozzle 21 of the target powder feeder is l 1 And the line l of the porous powder feeding nozzle 21 1 The intersection point with the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 is a, and the center line of the laser spot 23 is l 2 And the line l of the laser spot 23 2 The intersection point with the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 is b, and the distance l between the intersection point a and the intersection point b is the target length.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the target powder feeder and the movable device can be synchronously started, so that cladding powder can be sprayed to the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the movable device can drive the laser to move.
In the laser cladding, the kind and the particle size to which the cladding powder belongs may be selected as required.
102, responding to the starting target time of a target powder feeder, starting a laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on a laser cladding substrate; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser.
In the disclosed embodiments, the target duration may be determined based on the target length and the laser scan speed of the laser. For example, if the target length is l and the laser scanning speed of the laser is v, the target duration t may be l/v.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, when the opening time of the target powder feeder is the target time, the laser may be turned on, so that the laser cladding of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate may be performed through the laser spot emitted by the laser.
That is, when the target powder feeder is turned on for a target period, the cladding powder has been deposited on the laser cladding substrate, at which point the laser is turned on again. On the one hand, the cladding powder can have sufficient time to deposit to reach a stable state; on the other hand, the laser device emits laser spots to carry out laser cladding on cladding powder in a stable state, so that cladding effect can be improved.
In one possible implementation of the disclosed embodiments, the target powder feeder may be turned off to terminate the blowing of cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate; and the laser and the movable device may be turned off simultaneously after the target powder feeder is turned off for a target period of time. Therefore, after the target powder feeder is closed for a target time period, the laser and the movable device are synchronously closed, so that on one hand, the cladding powder sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate can be guaranteed to be clad by the laser to the greatest extent, the loss of the cladding powder is reduced, and on the other hand, the energy loss of laser emitted by the laser can be reduced.
According to the laser cladding method, the target powder feeder and the movable device are synchronously started, so that cladding powder is sprayed to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the movable device drives the laser to move; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; responding to the target time for starting the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding base material; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. Therefore, the laser cladding of the cladding powder is carried out by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and the laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later machining can be reduced, the loss of cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the cladding materials can be improved.
It will be appreciated that the size of the spot stripe may need to be set before the target powder feeder and the movable device are turned on simultaneously. In order to clearly illustrate how the size of the strip-shaped light spot is set, the disclosure also proposes a laser cladding method.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a laser cladding method according to a second embodiment of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, before implementing the above embodiment, the laser cladding method may further include the following steps:
in step 301, the initial powder feeder is turned on to spray cladding powder through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder to the laser cladding substrate.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the initial powder feeder may have a single orifice powder feeding nozzle.
It should be noted that the diameter of the nozzle of the single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder is the same as the diameter of the nozzle of the porous powder feeder of the target powder feeder in step 103.
It should be further noted that the explanation of the cladding powder and the laser cladding substrate in step 101 is also applicable to the present disclosure, and will not be repeated here.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the initial powder feeder may be turned on so that the cladding powder may be sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder.
Step 302, determining a spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is determined.
As one possible implementation, the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder can be obtained; under the condition that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, the repose angle of the cladding powder can be obtained; the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can thus be determined from the height of the cladding powder and the angle of repose of the cladding powder.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the powder feeding means may include gravity feeding and carrier gas feeding.
In the disclosed embodiments, the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder (which may also be referred to as the thickness of the cladding powder) may be obtained.
It should be noted that the height of the cladding powder may be the distance from the apex of the stable triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate to the base of the triangular pyramid, for example, as shown in fig. 4, the apex of the stable triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is a, and the distance h from the apex a to the base BC of the triangular pyramid is 0 Is the height of the cladding powder.
It should be noted that, according to actual needs, the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder may be preset.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, in the case that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, the repose angle of the cladding powder can be obtained.
As an example, in the case where the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, a measuring tool (such as a protractor) may be used to manually determine the repose angle of the cladding powder, and still referring to fig. 4, the included angle between the side AC and the bottom side BC of the stable triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is the repose angle θ of the cladding powder; after determining the repose angle of the clad powder, the repose angle of the clad powder may be sent to an executing body of the disclosed method, so that the executing body of the disclosed method may obtain the repose angle of the clad powder.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate may be determined according to the height of the cladding powder and the angle of repose of the cladding powder, e.g., the height of the cladding powder is h 0 The repose angle of the cladding powder is theta, and the spreading radius R of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is h 0 /tanθ。
Step 303, setting each spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, each spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be set according to the spreading radius.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a weight coefficient corresponding to an interval length between each nozzle hole may be obtained; for any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes can be determined according to the set spray hole diameter, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius; therefore, the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be arranged according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the interval length between the injection holes may be a distance between centers of any two adjacent injection holes in the injection holes.
It can be understood that the ordering sequence of the spray holes may be preset, for example, as shown in fig. 5, the number of spray holes in the porous powder feeding nozzle is 7, and the ordering sequence of the spray holes may be sequentially set to be the 1 st spray hole, the 2 nd spray hole, the 3 rd spray hole and so on according to the sequence from left to right, which is not described herein.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the interval length between the spray holes may have a corresponding weight coefficient.
As a possible implementation manner, when the number n of intervals between the spray holes included in the porous powder feeding nozzle is an odd number, a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the i-th spray hole and the i+1-th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle can be determined according to the following formula:
；（1）
wherein alpha is 0 May be a predetermined weight coefficient threshold, e.g., α 0 Can be in the range of [0.5,0.7 ]]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the n can be the number of spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle.
As another possible implementation manner, when the number n of intervals between the spray holes included in the porous powder feeding nozzle is an even number, a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the i-th spray hole and the i+1-th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle may be determined according to the following formula:
；（2）
wherein alpha is 0 The weight coefficient threshold value may be preset.
Therefore, in the present disclosure, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the spray holes can be obtained.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the diameter of the nozzle may be preset, for example, the range of values of the diameter of the nozzle may be 2 millimeters (mm for short) to 5mm.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, for any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes can be determined according to the set spray hole diameter, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius.
For example, the diameter of the spray hole is set to L 0 The interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole is L i The corresponding weight coefficient is alpha i The spreading radius is R, and the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole is L according to the following formula i ：
；（3）
Thus, in the present disclosure, the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder may be set according to the interval length between the spray holes and the spray hole diameter.
Therefore, the interval length between the spray holes of the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be designed to be not completely equal according to the weight coefficient of the interval length between the spray holes, so that the cladding powder is sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the distribution of the cladding powder can be more reasonable.
Step 304, setting the size of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the size of the stripe-shaped light spot of the laser can be set according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the radii.
As a possible implementation manner, the first value may be determined according to the sum of interval lengths between the spray holes; the spreading radius can be adjusted according to the first set multiple to obtain a second value; therefore, the length of the strip-shaped light spot can be determined according to the first value and the second value; and the width of the strip-shaped light spots can be determined according to the set value.
The first setting multiple may be preset, for example, may be 2, 3, etc., which is not limited in the disclosure; the set value may be preset, for example, the range of the set value may be 1mm to 5mm.
As an example, in determining the length of the stripe spot, a first value may be determined according to the sum of the interval lengths between the spray holes, where the first value may beWherein L is i The interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole is the length, and n is the number of spray holes-1 on the porous powder feeding nozzle; and the spreading radius R can be adjusted according to the first set multiple 2 to obtainTo a second value, the second value may be 2R; thereby, the length c of the strip-shaped light spot can be determined to be +. >. And the set value of 3mm can be used as the width of the strip-shaped light spots according to the set value of 3 mm.
That is, after the cladding powder is sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder-feeding nozzle, the spreading width of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be taken as the length of the strip-shaped light spot; the set value can be determined according to actual needs and can be used as the width of the strip-shaped light spots. The size of the strip-shaped light spot is set so that the length of the strip-shaped light spot of the strip-shaped laser is matched with the spreading width of cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate, and the energy loss of laser irradiation can be reduced; and the irradiation width of the strip-shaped speckle can be flexibly determined according to actual needs.
It will be appreciated that in order to obtain a smoother laser cladding layer, the energy profile of the strip laser may be set so that the energy profile of the laser matches the cladding powder profile. Therefore, in one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first area length and the second area length of the strip-shaped light spot may be determined according to the interval length between the spray holes; the first area length can be used for indicating the length of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot, and the second area length can be used for indicating the length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot; the first power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the middle area can be obtained; the power setting can be carried out on the middle area of the laser spot of the laser according to the first power density; the first power density can be adjusted according to a second set multiple, so that the second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is obtained; and the power setting can be performed on the edge area of the laser spot of the laser according to the second power density.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the first area length and the second area length of the strip-shaped facula can be determined according to the interval length between the spray holes. For example, let the number of injection holes be n+1, the interval length between the ith nozzle hole and the (i+1) th nozzle hole is L i The length of the strip-shaped light spot is c, and the length of the second area is D 1 Can be L 1 ~（L 1 +L 2 ) The first region length may be. Therefore, the strip-shaped light spots can be divided into a strip-shaped speckle middle area and two strip-shaped light spot edge areas.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the first power density may be preset, for example, the value range of the first power density may be 10 4 W/cm 2 ~10 6 W/cm 2 。
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second set multiple may be preset, for example, the value range of the second set multiple may be 1.2 to 1.5.
Thus, in the present disclosure, the first power density may be adjusted according to a second set multiple, so as to obtain a second power density of the stripe-shaped light spot in the edge region, for example, the second set multiple is k, and the first power density is q 1 Second power density q 2 Can be kq 1 。
Thus, the power of the middle region and the edge region of the laser spot can be set differently to match the cladding powder distribution, and fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of the stripe-shaped spot.
It can be appreciated that before laser cladding is performed on cladding powder by using laser emitted laser, it needs to be determined whether the energy of the laser meets the set requirement, so in one possible implementation of the embodiment of the disclosure, the reference power of the laser may be determined according to the size of the stripe-shaped light spot and the first power density; when the reference power is less than the set power threshold, the power densities of the middle region and the edge region of the laser spot may be adjusted.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the set power threshold may be preset, for example, 9600W, 10000W, or the like, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the reference power of the laser may be determined according to the size of the stripe light spot and the first power density, for example, assuming that the length of the stripe light spot is c, the width of the stripe light spot is d, and the first power density is q 1 The reference power of the laser is cdq 1 。
In the embodiment of the disclosure, when the reference power is smaller than the set power threshold, the power densities of the middle area and the edge area of the laser spot can be adjusted so that the reference power of the laser is greater than or equal to the set power threshold. For example, when the reference power is smaller than the set power threshold, the power density of the middle area of the laser spot can be increased, and correspondingly, the power density of the convenient area of the laser spot can be increased correspondingly, so that the reference power of the laser is larger than or equal to the set power threshold.
According to the laser cladding method, the initial powder feeder is started, so that cladding powder is sprayed to a laser cladding substrate through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder; determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; setting each spray hole in a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius; the size of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser is set according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes. Therefore, the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be accurately determined based on the cladding powder sprayed by the single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder, so that the design of each spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be realized according to the spreading radius, and further, the design of the strip-shaped light spots of the laser for laser cladding can be realized, so that the distribution of the strip-shaped light spots is matched with the distribution of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
As an example, illustrated in a flow diagram 7 of a laser cladding method, wherein the laser cladding method may comprise the steps of:
step A, selecting granularity and variety of cladding powder for laser cladding according to the requirement, and presetting the cladding powder on a laser cladding layer Height h of (2) 0 Wherein, the powder feeding modes of the powder feeder (which can comprise an initial powder feeder and a target powder feeder) can be gravity powder feeding.
And B, in the test stage, starting an initial powder feeder, spraying cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder, and obtaining a repose angle theta of the cladding powder, wherein the repose angle is a stable triangular cone angle formed by the cladding powder in the interaction process of self gravity and friction force, as shown in fig. 4.
Step C, determining the spreading radius R of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate according to the following formula:
；（4）
step D, designing porous powder feeding nozzles of the target powder feeder, as shown in FIG. 5, sequentially sorting the spray holes in left-to-right order, and determining the interval length L between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole according to the following formula i ：
L i =α i R+L 0 ；（5）
Wherein alpha is i Is the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole between the holes; l (L) 0 Is a set nozzle diameter, e.g., L 0 2mm, 3mm, etc.;
when the number n of intervals between the spray holes included in the porous powder feeding nozzle is an odd number, the weight coefficient alpha corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle can be determined according to the following formula i ：
；（6）
When the number n of intervals between the spray holes included in the porous powder feeding nozzle is even, the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle can be determined according to the following formulaThe weight coefficient alpha corresponding to the interval length between the two i ：
；（7）
Wherein alpha is 0 Can be a set weight coefficient threshold value, alpha 0 The value range of (a) may be, for example, 0.5 to 0.7; n can be the number of spray holes-1 contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle.
Therefore, the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be set according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes, so that the equal flow rate of powder ejected from each spray hole in the same time period can be ensured.
Wherein the spreading width s of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be determined according to the following formula:
；（8）
and E, shaping the laser light spot, for example, shaping the round light spot into a strip light spot through an integrating mirror design. Wherein the length c of the strip-shaped light spot is equal to the spreading width s of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate, and the width b of the strip-shaped light spot is set to be 2mm. According to the interval length between the spray holes and the length of the strip-shaped light spots, determining the length of a first area of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spots and the length of a second area of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spots, wherein the value range of the length of the second area can be L 1 ~（L 1 +L 2 ). For example, the number of the spray holes is n+1, and the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole is L i The second region has a length L 1 +L 2 The first region has a length of c-2 (L 1 +L 2 ). Thus, after determining the first area length of the strip-shaped light spot and the second area length of the strip-shaped light spot edge area, the strip-shaped light spot can be divided into a middle area and two edge areas.
Setting the first power density q of the strip-shaped light spot of the middle area to be 2×10 4 W/cm 2 The second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is higher than k times of the first power density q in the middle area, wherein the value range of k can be 1.2-1.5. Thus, the power density of the middle area is uniformly distributed, and the power density of the edge area is stronger and smoothly and excessively distributed.
Step F, the reference power P of the laser may be determined according to the following formula:
P=c×d×q；（9）
wherein c is the length of the strip-shaped light spot, d is the width of the strip-shaped light spot, and q is the first power density of the middle area.
Step G, setting the laser scanning speed v of the laser, such as 10mm/s.
In step H, as shown in FIG. 2, the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle 21 and the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 and the intersection point of the center line of the laser spot 23 and the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 is adjusted to be the target length l, for example, 10mm, 12mm, etc.
Step I, determining a target duration t according to the following formula:
t=l/v；（10）
and step J, after determining the target duration of laser cladding, starting the laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the target powder feeder is turned on simultaneously with the machine tool or the industrial robot, which in the present disclosure may be denoted as a movable device. The laser cladding head moves along with the machine tool or the industrial robot, cladding powder is sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate from the porous powder-feeding nozzle and deposited on the laser cladding substrate, after the target time length t is delayed, the machine tool or the industrial robot can drive the laser cladding head to move to the starting position of the cladding powder, and the laser is started, so that laser spots can be emitted through the laser to carry out laser cladding on the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
And step K, ending laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and closing the target powder feeder, wherein the machine tool or the industrial robot can continue to move, the laser continues to output laser, and after the target time t is delayed, the laser and the machine tool or the industrial robot are synchronously closed, and the laser cladding is finished.
In order to clearly illustrate the advantages of the laser cladding method of the present disclosure, the laser cladding method of the present disclosure may be illustrated in connection with a specific application scenario.
As an application scenario, taking a 27SiMn alloy steel as a selected laser cladding substrate, and taking commercial iron-based cladding powder X401 as cladding powder as an example, the specific implementation process of the laser cladding method of the disclosure may be:
step 1, the granularity of cladding powder X401 is 140-325 meshes, the height of the preset cladding powder of a laser cladding layer is 0.8mm, and the powder feeding modes of a target powder feeder and an initial powder feeder are gravity powder feeding.
And 2, in the test stage, starting an initial powder feeder, spraying cladding powder to the laser cladding base material through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder, and obtaining a repose angle theta of the cladding powder, wherein the repose angle theta of the cladding powder is 20 degrees.
And 3, determining that the spreading radius R of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is 2.2mm according to the formula (4).
Step 4, designing a multi-hole powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, wherein the number of the spray holes is 7, sequentially sequencing the spray holes according to the sequence from left to right, and determining the interval length L between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole according to a formula (5) i ；
Wherein the diameter L of the spray hole is set 0 Is 2mm; the weight coefficient alpha corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole i Can be determined according to formula (7), wherein the set weight coefficient threshold value alpha 0 The value is 0.5, the number of the spray holes is 7, and the number of intervals n between the spray holes is 6.
The length of the interval between the spray holes of the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the above method is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 length of interval between spray holes on porous powder feeding nozzle
The porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be set according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes, so that the flow of the cladding powder sprayed from each spray hole in the same time period can be ensured to be equal.
The spreading width s of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be determined to be 26.3mm according to formula (8).
And 5, shaping the laser light spots, namely shaping the round light spots into strip light spots through an integrating mirror design, wherein the length c of the strip laser is equal to 26.3mm of the spreading width of the cladding powder, and the value of the width d of the strip laser is 2mm. According to the interval length between the spray holes, the length of the second area of the edge area of the strip-shaped facula is 6mm, and the length of the first area of the middle area of the strip-shaped facula is 14.3mm. The power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the middle area is uniform, and the first power density q of the strip-shaped light spots in the middle area can be taken as 2 multiplied by 10 4 W/cm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is high, the second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is 1.5 times of the first power density q, and the power density distribution of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is smooth and excessive.
Step 6, the reference power P of the laser can be determined to be 9600W according to the formula (9).
And 7, setting the laser scanning speed v of the laser to be 10mm/s.
Step 8, as shown in fig. 2, the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle 21 and the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 and the intersection point of the center line of the laser spot 23 and the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 is adjusted to be 10mm.
And 8, determining the target duration t to be 1s according to a formula (10).
Step 9, after determining a target duration of laser cladding, starting the laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the target powder feeder and the machine tool or the industrial robot. The laser cladding head moves along with the machine tool or the industrial robot, cladding powder is sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate from the porous powder-feeding nozzle and deposited on the laser cladding substrate, after the target time is 1s, the machine tool or the industrial robot can drive the laser cladding head to move to the starting position of the cladding powder, and the laser is started, so that laser spots can be emitted through the laser to carry out laser cladding on the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
Step 10, ending laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and closing the target powder feeder, wherein the machine tool or the industrial robot can continue to move, the laser continues to output laser, and after the time delay target time is 1s, the laser and the machine tool or the industrial robot are synchronously closed, and the laser cladding is finished.
Therefore, according to the preset height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder obtained in the testing stage, the spreading radius of the cladding powder sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate can be effectively and accurately determined; therefore, the interval length between the spray holes of the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be designed in an unequal manner according to the spreading radius of the cladding powder, and further, the energy distribution of the laser spots can be set, namely, the laser beams are shaped into strip-shaped spots, the power density of the middle area of the strip-shaped spots is uniform, the power density of the edge area of the strip-shaped spots is higher, and the energy distribution of the strip-shaped spots can be matched with the distribution of the cladding powder sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate through the spray holes with unequal interval lengths. The distribution of cladding powder on a laser cladding substrate and the energy distribution of laser spots are matched and optimized, the section of a traditional arched laser cladding layer can be optimized into a quasi-flat-top section, and a high-flatness laser cladding layer can be prepared, so that the later machining workload can be effectively reduced, the loss of a laser cladding material can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the laser cladding material can be improved.
Corresponding to the laser cladding method provided by the embodiments of fig. 1 to 3, the disclosure further provides a laser cladding apparatus, and since the laser cladding apparatus provided by the embodiments of the disclosure corresponds to the laser cladding method provided by the embodiments of fig. 1 to 3, the implementation of the laser cladding method is also applicable to the laser cladding apparatus provided by the embodiments of the disclosure, which is not described in detail in the embodiments of the disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cladding apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 8, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may include: a first opening module 601 and a second opening module 604.
The first opening module 801 is configured to simultaneously open the target powder feeder and the movable device, so as to spray the cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and drive the laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length.
A second opening module 802, configured to, in response to a target duration for opening the target powder feeder, open the laser to emit a laser spot through the laser, and perform laser cladding on the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser.
In one possible implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
and a third opening module for opening the initial powder feeder to spray the cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder.
And the first determining module is used for determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
The first setting module is used for setting all spray holes in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius.
And the second setting module is used for setting the size of the strip-shaped facula of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the disclosure, a first determining module is configured to: acquiring a powder feeding mode of an initial powder feeder and the height of cladding powder; under the condition that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, obtaining the repose angle of the cladding powder; the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is determined according to the height of the cladding powder and the angle of repose of the cladding powder.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a first setting module is configured to: acquiring a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the spray holes; for any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, determining the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes according to the set spray hole diameter, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius; and setting the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a first setting module is configured to: in response to the number n of intervals between the spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle being an odd number, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
；
in response to the number n of intervals between the spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle being an even number, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
；
wherein alpha is 0 And (5) setting a weight coefficient threshold value.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the disclosure, the second setting module is configured to: determining a first value according to the sum of the interval lengths among the spray holes; adjusting the spreading radius according to the first set multiple to obtain a second value; determining the length of the strip-shaped light spots according to the first value and the second value; and determining the width of the strip-shaped light spots according to the set value.
In one possible implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
determining the length of a first area and the length of a second area of the strip-shaped facula according to the interval length between the spray holes; the length of the first area is used for indicating the length of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot, and the length of the second area is used for indicating the length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot;
And the acquisition module is used for acquiring the first power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the middle area.
And the third setting module is used for setting the power of the middle area of the laser spot of the laser according to the first power density.
The first adjusting module is used for adjusting the first power density according to the second set multiple so as to obtain the second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area.
And the fourth setting module is used for setting the power of the edge area of the laser spot of the laser according to the second power density.
In one possible implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
and the second determining module is used for determining the reference power of the laser according to the size of the strip-shaped light spot and the first power density.
And the second adjusting module is used for adjusting the power density of the middle area and the edge area of the laser spot in response to the reference power being smaller than the set power threshold.
In one possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
and the first closing module is used for closing the target powder feeder.
And the second closing module is used for synchronously closing the laser and the movable device in response to the closing target time length of the target powder feeder.
According to the laser cladding device, the target powder feeder and the movable device are synchronously started, so that cladding powder is sprayed to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the movable device drives the laser to move; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; responding to the target time for starting the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding base material; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. Therefore, the laser cladding of the cladding powder is carried out by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and the laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later machining can be reduced, the loss of cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the cladding materials can be improved.
In order to implement the foregoing embodiments, the disclosure further provides an electronic device, which is characterized by including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and capable of running on the processor, where the processor implements the laser cladding method according to any of the foregoing embodiments of the disclosure when executing the program.
To achieve the above embodiments, the present disclosure also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements a laser cladding method as proposed in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure.
To implement the above embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a computer program product which, when executed by a processor, performs a laser cladding method as set forth in any one of the preceding embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 9, the electronic device 12 is in the form of a general purpose computing device. Components of the electronic device 12 may include, but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, a bus 18 that connects the various system components, including the system memory 28 and the processing units 16.
Bus 18 represents one or more of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, a processor, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation, such architectures include industry Standard architecture (Industry Standard Architecture; hereinafter ISA) bus, micro channel architecture (Micro Channel Architecture; hereinafter MAC) bus, enhanced ISA bus, video electronics standards Association (Video Electronics Standards Association; hereinafter VESA) local bus, and peripheral component interconnect (Peripheral Component Interconnection; hereinafter PCI) bus.
Electronic device 12 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media can be any available media that is accessible by electronic device 12 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.
Memory 28 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (Random Access Memory; hereinafter: RAM) 30 and/or cache memory 32. The electronic device 12 may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 34 may be used to read from or write to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media (not shown in FIG. 6, commonly referred to as a "hard disk drive"). Although not shown in fig. 6, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a "floppy disk"), and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable non-volatile optical disk (e.g., a compact disk read only memory (Compact Disc Read Only Memory; hereinafter CD-ROM), digital versatile read only optical disk (Digital Video Disc Read Only Memory; hereinafter DVD-ROM), or other optical media) may be provided. In such cases, each drive may be coupled to bus 18 through one or more data medium interfaces. Memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules configured to carry out the functions of the various embodiments of the disclosure.
A program/utility 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 may be stored in, for example, memory 28, such program modules 42 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each or some combination of which may include an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 42 generally perform the functions and/or methods in the embodiments described in this disclosure.
The electronic device 12 may also communicate with one or more external devices 14 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, display 24, etc.), one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 12, and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable the electronic device 12 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may occur through an input/output (I/O) interface 22. Also, the electronic device 12 may communicate with one or more networks, such as a local area network (Local Area Network; hereinafter: LAN), a wide area network (Wide Area Network; hereinafter: WAN) and/or a public network, such as the Internet, via the network adapter 20. As shown, the network adapter 20 communicates with other modules of the electronic device 12 over the bus 18. It should be appreciated that although not shown, other hardware and/or software modules may be used in connection with electronic device 12, including, but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, data backup storage systems, and the like.
The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing by running programs stored in the system memory 28, for example, implementing the methods mentioned in the foregoing embodiments.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present disclosure, the meaning of "a plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless explicitly specified otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and additional implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., a ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, as the program may be electronically captured, via, for instance, optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner, if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. As with the other embodiments, if implemented in hardware, may be implemented using any one or combination of the following techniques, as is well known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, application specific integrated circuits having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and the like.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or a portion of the steps carried out in the method of the above-described embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, where the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and where the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
Furthermore, each functional unit in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated in one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one module. The integrated modules may be implemented in hardware or in software functional modules. The integrated modules may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product.
The above-mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or the like. Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (8)

1. A method of laser cladding, the method comprising:
starting an initial powder feeder to convey cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a single Kong Song powder nozzle of the initial powder feeder;
determining a spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate;
setting each spray hole in a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius; the method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between spray holes; for any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, determining the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes according to the set spray hole diameter, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius; setting a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes; the length of the interval between the spray holes of the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder is designed unequally according to the spreading radius;
Setting the size of a strip-shaped facula of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes;
synchronously starting the target powder feeder and the movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; the laser light spot of the laser is a strip light spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the center line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the center line of the laser light spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length;
responding to the target time for starting the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser;
the method further comprises the steps of:
determining the first area length and the second area length of the strip-shaped facula according to the interval length between the spray holes; the first area length is used for indicating the length of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot, and the second area length is used for indicating the length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot;
Acquiring a first power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the middle area;
according to the first power density, performing power setting on the middle area of the laser spot of the laser;
adjusting the first power density according to a second set multiple to obtain a second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area;
according to the second power density, performing power setting on the edge area of the laser spot of the laser;
the setting of the energy distribution of the laser light spot means that the laser beam is shaped into a strip light spot, the power density of the middle area of the strip light spot is uniform, and the power density of the edge area of the strip light spot is strong, so that the energy distribution of the strip light spot is matched with the distribution of cladding powder sprayed onto the laser cladding substrate through all spray holes with unequal interval lengths.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate comprises:
acquiring a powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder;
under the condition that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, obtaining a repose angle of the cladding powder;
And determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate according to the height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the injection holes comprises:
in response to the number n of intervals between the spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle being an odd number, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
；
in response to the number n of intervals between the spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle being an even number, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i+1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
；
wherein alpha is 0 And (5) setting a weight coefficient threshold value.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the setting the size of the stripe spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes comprises:
determining a first value according to the sum of interval lengths between the spray holes;
Adjusting the spreading radius according to the first set multiple to obtain a second value;
determining the length of the strip-shaped light spot according to the first value and the second value;
and determining the width of the strip-shaped light spots according to the set value.
5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises:
determining the reference power of the laser according to the size of the strip-shaped light spot and the first power density;
and adjusting the power densities of the middle region and the edge region of the laser spot in response to the reference power being less than a set power threshold.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, further comprising:
closing the target powder feeder;
and in response to the target powder feeder being turned off for a first period of time, synchronously turning off the laser and the movable device.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the laser cladding method of any one of claims 1-6 when the program is executed.
8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when executed by a processor, implements the laser cladding method according to any one of claims 1-6.
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