CN115478272A - Laser cladding method, laser cladding device, electronic device, and medium - Google Patents
Laser cladding method, laser cladding device, electronic device, and medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN115478272A CN115478272A CN202211066905.XA CN202211066905A CN115478272A CN 115478272 A CN115478272 A CN 115478272A CN 202211066905 A CN202211066905 A CN 202211066905A CN 115478272 A CN115478272 A CN 115478272A
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- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 339
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 44
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- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium carbide Chemical compound [Cr]#C[Cr]C#[Cr] UFGZSIPAQKLCGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The disclosure provides a laser cladding method, a laser cladding device, an electronic device and a medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: synchronously starting the target powder feeder and the movable device to spray cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving the laser to move through the movable device; wherein, the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; and responding to the target starting time length of the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and performing laser cladding on the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate. Therefore, laser cladding is carried out on the cladding powder by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped facula, and the laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later-stage machining can be reduced, and the loss of the cladding powder can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of data processing technologies, and in particular, to a laser cladding method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a medium.
Background
Laser cladding (which may also be referred to as laser cladding or laser cladding) is a method of adding a cladding material to the surface of a laser cladding base material and fusing the cladding material together with a thin layer of the surface of the laser cladding base material by a laser beam having a high energy density.
As a new surface modification technology, the laser cladding technology is widely applied to the repair process of parts such as mining machinery, ferrous metallurgy and the like due to the advantages of environmental friendliness, no pollution, high efficiency and the like. At present, in the related art, when laser cladding is performed by using a round spot single laser, a laser cladding layer is in an arch shape or a semicircular shape, and when large-area laser cladding is performed, a multi-pass overlapping mode can be adopted, however, a wave-shaped laser cladding layer is finally formed. In order to obtain a smooth surface, the wavy surface needs to be processed at a later stage, so that the workload is increased, and the loss of laser cladding materials is caused in the processing process. When broadband laser is adopted for laser cladding, although the laser cladding efficiency is greatly improved, the laser cladding layer is still wavy, the later processing workload is still large, and the loss of laser cladding materials is also serious.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a laser cladding method, apparatus, electronic device and medium to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. The technical scheme of the disclosure is as follows:
according to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a laser cladding method, including:
synchronously starting a target powder feeder and a movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length;
responding to the target starting time length of the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and performing laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target time duration is determined according to the target length and a laser scanning speed of the laser.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided another laser cladding apparatus, including:
the first starting module is used for synchronously starting the target powder feeder and the movable device so as to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder and drive the laser to move through the movable device; the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length;
the second starting module is used for responding to the target starting time of the target powder feeder, starting the laser, and carrying out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate by emitting laser spots through the laser; wherein the target duration is determined according to the target length and a laser scanning speed of the laser.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the laser cladding method according to the above aspect of the present disclosure is implemented.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable storage medium of computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the laser cladding method set forth in the above aspect of the present disclosure.
According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the laser cladding method set forth in the above aspect of the present disclosure.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the disclosure at least brings the following beneficial effects:
synchronously starting the target powder feeder and the movable device to spray cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving the laser to move through the movable device; wherein, the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder-feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; starting a laser in response to the target starting time length of the target powder feeder so as to emit laser spots through the laser and perform laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target time length is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. Therefore, laser cladding is carried out on cladding powder by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and a laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later-stage machining can be reduced, the loss of cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the cladding materials can be improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the spacing between the intersection point of the centerline of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the centerline of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a laser cladding method provided in the second embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a triangular pyramid formed by cladding powder provided by the present disclosure on a laser clad substrate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an orifice in a multi-orifice powder feed nozzle provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the energy distribution of the stripe-shaped light spot provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a laser cladding method provided by the present disclosure;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cladding apparatus provided in a third embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary electronic device suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be illustrative of the present disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
A laser cladding method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium of the embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a laser cladding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The embodiment of the present disclosure is exemplified by the laser cladding method being configured in a laser cladding apparatus, which may be applied to any electronic device, so that the electronic device may perform a laser cladding function.
The electronic device may be any device having a computing capability, for example, a Personal Computer (PC), a mobile terminal, a server, and the like, and the mobile terminal may be a hardware device having various operating systems, touch screens, and/or display screens, such as a mobile phone, a tablet Computer, a Personal digital assistant, and a wearable device.
As shown in fig. 1, the laser cladding method may include the steps of:
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the cladding powder may be, for example, an iron-based alloy powder, a nickel-based alloy powder, a cobalt-based alloy powder, a CrC chromium carbide powder, a WC tungsten carbide powder, or a mixed powder of the above powders, and the disclosure does not limit this.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser cladding substrate may be, for example, a carbon steel material, a stainless steel material, a cast iron material, an alloy steel material, and the like, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In the disclosed embodiments, the target powder feeder may have a porous powder feeding nozzle, so that the cladding powder may be sprayed to the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder.
The number of the spray holes of the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle may be, for example, 3, 5, or 11, and the disclosure is not limited thereto.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the movable device may be, for example, a machine tool, or may also be an industrial robot, etc., which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the laser spot of the laser (which may also be referred to as a laser cladding head) may be a stripe-shaped spot.
As an example, to obtain the laser light of the bar-shaped spot, the laser spot of the laser may be shaped, for example, by designing an integrator mirror to shape a circular spot into the bar-shaped spot.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the target length may be the distance between the intersection of the centerline of the porous powder feed nozzle of the target powder feeder and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection of the centerline of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate, e.g., as shown in fig. 2, the centerline of the porous powder feed nozzle 21 of the target powder feeder is l 1 And the center line l of the porous powder feeding nozzle 21 1 And laser cladding base material22 surface intersection point is a and the laser spot 23 central line is l 2 And the line l in the laser spot 23 2 The intersection point with the surface of the laser cladding base material 22 is b, and the distance l between the intersection point a and the intersection point b is the target length.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the target powder feeder and the movable device can be synchronously started, so that the cladding powder can be sprayed to the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the movable device can drive the laser to move.
In the laser cladding, the type and particle size of the cladding powder can be selected as needed.
In the disclosed embodiment, the target duration may be determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. For example, if the target length is l, the laser scanning speed of the laser is v, and the target time period t may be l/v.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, when the starting time of the target powder feeder is the target long time, the laser can be started, so that the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be laser clad through the laser spot emitted by the laser.
That is, when the target powder feeder is turned on for a long time as the target, the cladding powder has been deposited on the laser cladding base material, and at this time, the laser is turned on again. On one hand, the cladding powder can have sufficient time for deposition so as to reach a stable state; on the other hand, the laser emits laser spots to perform laser cladding on the cladding powder in a stable state, and the cladding effect can be improved.
In one possible implementation of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the target powder feeder may be turned off to terminate spraying of cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate; and the laser and the movable device may be turned off synchronously after the target powder feeder is turned off for the target length of time. Therefore, after the target powder feeder closes the target for a long time, the laser and the movable device are synchronously closed, on one hand, the laser cladding powder sprayed to the laser cladding base material can be guaranteed to be cladded to the maximum extent, the loss of the cladding powder is reduced, and on the other hand, the energy loss of laser emitted by the laser machine can be reduced.
According to the laser cladding method, the target powder feeder and the movable device are synchronously started, so that cladding powder is sprayed to a laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the movable device drives the laser to move; wherein, the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder-feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; starting a laser in response to the target starting time of the target powder feeder so as to emit laser spots through the laser and perform laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. Therefore, laser cladding is carried out on the cladding powder by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and a laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later-stage machining can be reduced, the loss of cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the cladding materials can be improved.
It will be appreciated that the size of the strip-shaped light spot needs to be set before the target powder feeder and the movable device are synchronously opened. In order to clearly illustrate how the size of the strip-shaped light spot is set, the disclosure also provides a laser cladding method.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a laser cladding method provided in the second embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, before implementing the above embodiment, the laser cladding method may further include the following steps:
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the initial powder feeder may have a single-orifice powder feeding nozzle.
It should be noted that the diameter of the nozzle hole of the single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder is the same as the diameter of the nozzle hole of the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder in step 103.
It should be further noted that the explanation of the cladding powder and the laser cladding substrate in step 101 is also applicable to the present disclosure, and is not repeated herein.
In embodiments of the present disclosure, the initial powder feeder may be turned on so that cladding powder may be sprayed to the laser cladding substrate through the single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder.
And 302, determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material.
In the disclosed embodiments, the spreading radius of the clad powder on the laser clad substrate is determined.
As a possible implementation manner, the powder feeding manner of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder can be obtained; under the condition that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, the repose angle of the cladding powder can be obtained; therefore, the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material can be determined according to the height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder.
In the disclosed embodiment, the powder feeding manner may include gravity powder feeding and carrier gas powder feeding.
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the powder feeding manner of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder (which may also be referred to as the thickness of the cladding powder) may be obtained.
The height of the cladding powder may be a distance from the apex of the stable triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material to the bottom side of the triangular pyramid, for example, as shown in fig. 4, the apex of the stable triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material is a, and the distance h from the apex a to the bottom side BC of the triangular pyramid is h 0 The height of the cladding powder.
It should be noted that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder can be preset according to actual needs.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, when the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, the repose angle of the cladding powder can be obtained.
As an example, in the case that the powder feeding manner of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, a measurement tool (such as a protractor) may be used to manually determine the repose angle of the cladding powder, and still as illustrated in fig. 4, the included angle between the side AC and the bottom side BC of the stable triangular pyramid formed by the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is the repose angle θ of the cladding powder; after determining the repose angle of the clad powder, the repose angle of the clad powder may be transmitted to an executive body of the disclosed method so that the executive body of the disclosed method may acquire the repose angle of the clad powder.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be determined according to the height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder, for example, the height of the cladding powder is h 0 The repose angle of the cladding powder is theta, and the spreading radius R of the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material is h 0 /tanθ。
In the embodiments of the present disclosure, each nozzle hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder may be set according to the spreading radius.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, a weight coefficient corresponding to a distance between each nozzle hole may be obtained; for any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes can be determined according to the set diameter of the spray hole, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius; thus, the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be arranged according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes.
In the disclosed embodiment, the interval length between each nozzle hole may be the distance between the centers of any two adjacent nozzle holes in each nozzle hole.
It is understood that the sequencing order of the spray holes may be preset, for example, as shown in fig. 5, the number of the spray holes in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle is 7, and the sequencing order of the spray holes may be the 1 st spray hole, the 2 nd spray hole, and the 3 rd spray hole in sequence from left to right, and so on, which will not be described herein again.
In the disclosed embodiment, the interval length between each nozzle hole may have a corresponding weight coefficient.
As a possible implementation manner, when the number of the spray holes included in the porous powder feeding nozzle is odd, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle may be determined according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is 0 May be a predetermined weight coefficient threshold, e.g., alpha 0 Can be in the range of [0.5,0.7 ]](ii) a n may be the number of orifices included in the porous powder feeding nozzle.
As another possible implementation manner, when the number of the spray holes included in the porous powder feeding nozzle is even, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle may be determined according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is 0 May be a preset weight coefficient threshold; n may be the number of orifices included in the porous powder feeding nozzle.
Therefore, in the present disclosure, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the nozzle holes can be obtained.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the diameter of the nozzle hole may be predetermined, for example, the diameter of the nozzle hole may range from 2 millimeters (mm) to 5mm.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, for any two adjacent nozzle holes in each nozzle hole, the interval length between any two adjacent nozzle holes may be determined according to the set diameter of the nozzle hole, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent nozzle holes, and the spreading radius.
For example, the diameter of the nozzle hole is set to L 0 The interval length between the ith jet hole and the (i + 1) th jet hole is L i The corresponding weight coefficient is alpha i The spreading radius is R, and the interval length between the ith nozzle and the (i + 1) th nozzle can be determined as L according to the following formula i ：
L i ＝α i R+L 0 ； (3)
Thus, in the present disclosure, the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder may be provided according to the interval length between the respective nozzle holes and the diameter of the nozzle hole.
Therefore, the space lengths among the spray holes of the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be designed to be not completely equal according to the weight coefficient of the space length among the spray holes, so that the cladding powder is sprayed to the laser cladding base material through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the distribution of the cladding powder can be more reasonable.
And 304, setting the size of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the size of the stripe-shaped light spot of the laser may be set according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the respective radii.
As a possible implementation manner, a first value can be determined according to the sum of the interval lengths between the spray holes; the spreading radius can be adjusted according to the first set multiple to obtain a second value; therefore, the length of the strip-shaped light spot can be determined according to the first value and the second value; and the width of the strip-shaped light spot can be determined according to the set value.
The first setting multiple may be preset, for example, may be 2, 3, and the like, which is not limited in this disclosure; the set value can be preset, for example, the range of the set value can be 1mm to 5mm.
As an example, when determining the length of the stripe-shaped light spot, a first value may be first determined according to a sum of interval lengths between the nozzle holes, and the first value may be
Wherein L is i The interval length between the ith jet hole and the (i + 1) th jet hole is defined, and n is the number of jet holes on the porous powder feeding nozzle; the spreading radius R can be adjusted according to the first set multiple 2 to obtain a second value, and the second value can be 2R; thereby determining the length c of the strip-shaped light spot as
And 3mm can be set according to a set value of 3mm, and the set value of 3mm is taken as the width of the strip-shaped light spot.
That is, after the cladding powder is sprayed to the laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle, the spreading width of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be used as the length of the strip-shaped light spot; the set value can be determined according to actual needs and can be used as the width of the strip-shaped light spot. The size of the strip-shaped light spot is set, so that the length of the strip-shaped spot of the strip-shaped laser is matched with the spreading width of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate, and the energy loss of laser irradiation can be reduced; and the irradiation width of the strip-shaped focus can be flexibly determined according to actual requirements.
It will be appreciated that in order to obtain a smoother laser cladding layer, the energy distribution of the laser bar may be set such that the energy distribution of the laser matches the cladding powder distribution. Therefore, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first region length and the second region length of the strip-shaped light spot may be determined according to the interval length between the nozzle holes; the length of the first area can be used for indicating the length of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot, and the length of the second area can be used for indicating the length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot; a first power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the middle region can be obtained; according to the first power density, the power of the middle area of the laser spot of the laser can be set; the first power density can be adjusted according to a second set multiple, so that a second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the marginal area is obtained; and the power setting can be performed on the edge area of the laser spot of the laser according to the second power density.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the first region length and the second region length of the stripe-shaped light spot may be determined according to the interval length between the nozzle holes. For example, assuming that the number of injection holes is n, the interval length between the ith injection hole and the (i + 1) th injection hole is L i The length of the strip-shaped light spot is c, and the length of the second area is D 1 Can be set to a value of L 1 ～(L 1 +L 2 ) Then the first region length may be c-2D 1 . Therefore, the strip-shaped light spots can be divided into a strip-shaped focus-off central area and two strip-shaped light spot edge areas.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first power density may be preset, for example, the value range of the first power density may be 10 4 W/cm 2 ～10 6 W/cm 2 。
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second setting multiple may be preset, for example, a value range of the second setting multiple may be 1.2 to 1.5.
Therefore, in the present disclosure, the first power density may be adjusted according to a second set multiple, so as to obtain a second power density of the stripe-shaped light spot in the edge region, for example, the second set multiple is k, and the first power density is q 1 Second power density q 2 May be kq 1 。
Therefore, the power of the middle area and the power of the edge area of the laser spot can be set differently to match the distribution of cladding powder, and fig. 6 is an energy distribution schematic diagram of a strip-shaped spot.
It can be understood that, before performing laser cladding on cladding powder by using laser emitted by a laser, it is necessary to determine whether the energy of the laser meets a set requirement, and therefore, in a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the reference power of the laser may be determined according to the size of the strip-shaped light spot and the first power density; when the reference power is less than the set power threshold, the power densities of the middle region and the edge region of the laser spot can be adjusted.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the set power threshold may be preset, for example, 9600W, 10000W, and the like, which is not limited by the present disclosure.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the reference power of the laser may be determined according to the size of the strip-shaped light spot and the first power density, for example, assuming that the length of the strip-shaped light spot is c, the width of the strip-shaped light spot is d, and the first power density is q 1 Reference power of the laser is cdq 1 。
In the embodiment of the disclosure, when the reference power is less than the set power threshold, the power densities of the middle region and the edge region of the laser spot may be adjusted, so that the reference power of the laser is greater than or equal to the set power threshold. For example, when the reference power is smaller than the set power threshold, the power density of the middle region of the laser spot may be increased, and correspondingly, the power density of the convenient region of the laser spot may also be increased, so that the reference power of the laser may be greater than or equal to the set power threshold.
According to the laser cladding method, the initial powder feeder is started, so that cladding powder is sprayed to a laser cladding substrate through a single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder; determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; setting each spray hole in a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius; and setting the size of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes. Therefore, based on the cladding powder sprayed by the single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder, the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be accurately determined, so that the design of each spray hole in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be realized according to the spreading radius, and further, the design of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser used for laser cladding can be realized, and the distribution of the strip-shaped light spot is matched with the distribution of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
As an example, a flow chart of the laser cladding method is illustrated in fig. 7, wherein the laser cladding method may include the following steps:
step A, selecting the granularity and the type of cladding powder for laser cladding according to requirements, and selecting the height h of the laser cladding layer preset cladding powder 0 And the powder feeder (which can comprise an initial powder feeder and a target powder feeder) can adopt gravity powder feeding modes.
And step B, in the test stage, starting the initial powder feeder, spraying the cladding powder to the laser cladding base material through a single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder, and obtaining a repose angle theta of the cladding powder, wherein the repose angle is a stable triangular cone angle formed by the cladding powder in the interaction process of self gravity and friction force, and is shown in fig. 4.
Step C, determining the spreading radius R of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate according to the following formula:
R＝h 0 /tanθ； (4)
step D, a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder may be designed, as shown in fig. 5, the spray holes may be sequentially ordered in order from left to right, and the interval length L between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole may be determined according to the following formula i ：
L i ＝α i R+L 0 ； (5)
Wherein alpha is i The weight coefficient is corresponding to the interval length between the ith jet orifice and the (i + 1) th jet orifice between the holes; l is 0 Is a set orifice diameter, e.g., L 0 2mm, 3mm, etc.;
when the number of the spray holes included in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle is odd, the weight coefficient alpha corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle can be determined according to the following formula i ：
When the number of the spray holes included in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle is even, the weight coefficient alpha corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle can be determined according to the following formula i ：
Wherein alpha is 0 May be a set weight coefficient threshold, alpha 0 The value of (b) can be, for example, 0.5 to 0.7; n may be the number of orifices included in the porous powder feeding nozzle.
Therefore, the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be arranged according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes, so that the flow rate of the powder sprayed out from each spray hole in the same time period can be ensured to be equal.
The spreading width s of the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material can be determined according to the following formula:
and E, shaping the laser spot, for example, shaping the circular spot into a strip-shaped spot by an integrating mirror design. Wherein the length c of the strip-shaped light spot is equal to the spreading width s of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate, and the width b of the strip-shaped light spot is set to be 2mm. And determining a first region length of the middle region of the strip-shaped light spot and a second region length of the edge region of the strip-shaped light spot according to the interval length between the spray holes and the length of the strip-shaped light spot, wherein the value range of the second region length can be L 1 ～(L 1 +L 2 ). For example, the number of the injection holes is n, and the interval length between the ith injection hole and the (i + 1) th injection hole is L i The second region has a length L 1 +L 2 The first region has a length of c-2 (L) 1 +L 2 ). Therefore, after the first area length of the strip-shaped light spot and the second area length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot are determined, the strip-shaped light spot can be divided into a middle area and two edge areas.
Setting the first power density q of the strip-shaped light spot in the middle area to be 2 multiplied by 10 4 W/cm 2 The second power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the edge area is stronger and is k times of the first power density q in the middle area, wherein the value range of k can be 1.2-1.5. Therefore, the power density of the middle area is uniformly distributed, and the power density of the edge area is stronger and is smoothly and excessively distributed.
Step F, the reference power P of the laser can be determined according to the following formula:
P＝c×d×q； (9)
wherein c is the length of the strip-shaped light spot, d is the width of the strip-shaped light spot, and q is the first power density of the middle area.
And G, setting the laser scanning speed v of the laser, such as 10mm/s.
And step H, as shown in FIG. 2, adjusting the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder feeding nozzle 21 and the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot 23 and the surface of the laser cladding substrate 22 to be a target length l, which may be 10mm, 12mm, etc.
Step I, determining a target time length t according to the following formula:
t＝l/v； (10)
step J, after the target duration of laser cladding is determined, starting laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the target powder feeder and the machine tool or industrial robot are opened simultaneously, wherein in the present disclosure the machine tool or industrial robot may be noted as a mobile device. The laser cladding head moves along with the machine tool or the industrial robot, cladding powder is sprayed to the laser cladding base material from the porous powder feeding nozzle and is deposited on the laser cladding base material, after the target time delay t, the machine tool or the industrial robot can drive the laser cladding head to move to the starting position of the cladding powder, the laser is started, and therefore laser spots can be emitted through the laser to carry out laser cladding on the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material.
Step K, ending laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and closing the target powder feeder, wherein the machine tool or the industrial robot can continuously move at the moment, the laser continues to output laser, and after the target time length t is delayed, the laser and the machine tool or the industrial robot are synchronously closed, so that laser cladding is finished.
In order to clearly illustrate the advantages of the laser cladding method disclosed herein, the laser cladding method disclosed herein can be explained with reference to specific application scenarios.
As an application scenario, the selected laser cladding base material is 27SiMn alloy steel, and the cladding powder is commercial iron-based cladding powder X401, and the specific implementation process of the laser cladding method disclosed by the present disclosure may be:
step 1, the granularity of cladding powder X401 is 140-325 meshes, the height of laser cladding layer preset cladding powder is 0.8mm, and gravity powder feeding is adopted for the powder feeding mode of a target powder feeder and an initial powder feeder.
And 2, in the test stage, starting the initial powder feeder, spraying the cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate through a single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder, and obtaining the repose angle theta of the cladding powder, wherein the repose angle theta of the cladding powder is 20 degrees.
And 3, determining the spreading radius R of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate to be 2.2mm according to a formula (4).
Wherein the set diameter L of the injection hole 0 Is 2mm; weight coefficient alpha corresponding to interval length between the ith nozzle hole and the (i + 1) th nozzle hole i Can be determined according to equation (6), wherein the set weight coefficient threshold α 0 The value is 0.5, and the number n of the jet holes is 7.
In the above manner, the interval length between the respective nozzle holes of the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Interval Length between spray holes on a porous powder feed nozzle
| α 1 | α 2 | α 3 | α 4 | α 5 | α 6 |
| 0.5 | 0.75 | 1 | 1 | 0.75 | 0.5 |
| L 1 | L 2 | L 3 | L 4 | L 5 | L 6 |
| 3.1mm | 3.65mm | 4.2mm | 4.2mm | 3.65mm | 3.1mm |
The porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be arranged according to the interval length and the diameter of the spray holes, and the flow of the cladding powder sprayed from each spray hole in the same time period can be ensured to be equal.
The spreading width s of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate can be determined to be 26.3mm according to the formula (8).
And 5, shaping the laser spot, namely shaping the circular spot into a strip-shaped spot through the design of an integrating mirror, wherein the length c of the strip-shaped laser is equal to the spreading width of the cladding powder by 26.3mm, and the width d of the strip-shaped laser is 2mm. According to the interval length between the spray holes, the length of the second area of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot can be set to be 6mm, and the length of the first area of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot is set to be 14.3mm. The power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the middle area is uniform, and the first power density q of the strip-shaped light spot in the middle area can be set to be 2 multiplied by 10 4 W/cm 2 (ii) a The power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is stronger, the second power density of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is 1.5 times of the first power density q, and the power density distribution of the strip-shaped light spots in the edge area is smooth and excessive.
And 7, setting the laser scanning speed v of the laser to be 10mm/s.
Step 8, as shown in fig. 2, adjusting the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder feeding nozzle 21 and the surface of the laser cladding base material 22 and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot 23 and the surface of the laser cladding base material 22 to be a target length l of 10mm.
And 8, determining that the target time length t is 1s according to a formula (10).
Step 9, after the target duration of laser cladding is determined, starting laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and simultaneously starting the target powder feeder and the machine tool or the industrial robot. The laser cladding head moves along with the machine tool or the industrial robot, cladding powder is sprayed to the laser cladding base material from the porous powder feeding nozzle and is deposited on the laser cladding base material, after the time delay target lasts for 1s, the machine tool or the industrial robot can drive the laser cladding head to move to the initial position of the cladding powder, the laser is started, and therefore the laser spot can be emitted through the laser, and laser cladding can be carried out on the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material.
Step 10, ending laser cladding, wherein the process comprises the following steps: and closing the target powder feeder, wherein the machine tool or the industrial robot can continuously move at the moment, the laser continues to output laser, and after the target time is delayed for 1s, the laser and the machine tool or the industrial robot are synchronously closed, so that laser cladding is finished.
Therefore, the spreading radius of the cladding powder sprayed to the laser cladding base material can be effectively and accurately determined according to the preset height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder obtained in the testing stage; therefore, the spacing length between each spray hole of the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder can be designed unequally according to the spreading radius of the cladding powder, further, the energy distribution of the laser spot can be set, namely, the laser beam is shaped into a strip-shaped light spot, the power density of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot is uniform, the power density of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot is stronger, and the energy distribution of the strip-shaped light spot can be matched with the distribution of the cladding powder sprayed to the laser cladding substrate through each spray hole with unequal spacing length. The distribution of cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate is matched and optimized with the energy distribution of laser spots, the section of the traditional arched laser cladding layer can be optimized into a quasi-flat-top section, and a high-flatness laser cladding layer can be prepared, so that the later machining workload can be effectively reduced, the loss of laser cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the laser cladding materials can be improved.
Corresponding to the laser cladding method provided in the embodiments of fig. 1 to 3, the present disclosure also provides a laser cladding apparatus, and since the laser cladding apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure corresponds to the laser cladding method provided in the embodiments of fig. 1 to 3, the embodiments of the laser cladding method are also applicable to the laser cladding apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and will not be described in detail in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser cladding apparatus provided in the third embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 8, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may include: a first opening module 601 and a second opening module 604.
The first starting module 801 is used for synchronously starting the target powder feeder and the movable device so as to spray cladding powder to the laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder and drive the laser to move through the movable device; wherein, the laser facula of the laser is the strip facula, and the interval between the point of intersect of porous powder feeding nozzle central line and laser cladding substrate surface and the point of intersect of laser facula central line and laser cladding substrate surface is target length.
A second starting module 802, configured to start the laser in response to a target-start duration of the target powder feeder, so as to emit a laser spot through the laser and perform laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
and the third starting module is used for starting the initial powder feeder so as to spray the cladding powder to the laser cladding base material through the single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder.
The first determining module is used for determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate.
And the first setting module is used for setting each spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius.
And the second setting module is used for setting the size of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first determining module is configured to: acquiring the powder feeding mode of an initial powder feeder and the height of cladding powder; under the condition that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, obtaining the repose angle of the cladding powder; and determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate according to the height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first setting module is configured to: acquiring a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the spray holes; aiming at any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, determining the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes according to the set diameter of the spray hole, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius; and arranging the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first setting module is configured to: in response to the fact that the number of the spray holes included in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle is odd, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
in response to the fact that the number of the spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle is even, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is 0 N is the number of spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle for the set weight coefficient threshold value.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second setting module is configured to: determining a first value according to the sum of the interval lengths among the spray holes; adjusting the spreading radius according to the first set multiple to obtain a second value; determining the length of the strip-shaped light spot according to the first value and the second value; and determining the width of the strip-shaped light spot according to the set value.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
determining a first region length and a second region length of the strip-shaped light spot according to the interval length between the jet holes; the first area length is used for indicating the length of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot, and the second area length is used for indicating the length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the first power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the middle area.
And the third setting module is used for carrying out power setting on the middle area of the laser spot of the laser according to the first power density.
And the first adjusting module is used for adjusting the first power density according to the second set multiple so as to obtain a second power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the edge area.
And the fourth setting module is used for carrying out power setting on the edge area of the laser spot of the laser according to the second power density.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
and the second determining module is used for determining the reference power of the laser according to the size of the strip-shaped light spot and the first power density.
And the second adjusting module is used for responding to the reference power smaller than the set power threshold value and adjusting the power density of the middle area and the edge area of the laser spot.
In a possible implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the laser cladding apparatus 800 may further include:
the first closing module is used for closing the target powder feeder.
And the second closing module is used for responding to the target powder feeder closing target duration and synchronously closing the laser and the movable device.
According to the laser cladding device disclosed by the embodiment of the disclosure, the target powder feeder and the movable device are synchronously started, so that cladding powder is sprayed to a laser cladding substrate through the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and the movable device drives the laser to move; wherein, the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the central line of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding substrate and the intersection point of the central line of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding substrate is the target length; starting a laser in response to the target starting time length of the target powder feeder so as to emit laser spots through the laser and perform laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target duration is determined according to the target length and the laser scanning speed of the laser. Therefore, laser cladding is carried out on cladding powder by adopting the laser with the strip-shaped light spots, and a laser cladding layer with high flatness can be effectively obtained, so that the workload of later-stage machining can be reduced, the loss of cladding materials can be reduced, and the utilization rate of the cladding materials can be improved.
In order to implement the foregoing embodiments, the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, which is characterized by comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, and when the processor executes the program, the laser cladding method provided in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure is implemented.
In order to achieve the above embodiments, the present disclosure also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements a laser cladding method as proposed in any of the preceding embodiments of the present disclosure.
To achieve the above embodiments, the present disclosure also provides a computer program product, wherein when the instructions in the computer program product are executed by a processor, the laser cladding method as set forth in any of the preceding embodiments of the present disclosure is performed.
As shown in fig. 9, electronic device 12 is embodied in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of the electronic device 12 may include, but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28, and a bus 18 that couples various system components including the system memory 28 and the processing unit 16.
A program/utility 40 having a set (at least one) of program modules 42 may be stored, for example, in memory 28, such program modules 42 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which examples or some combination thereof may comprise an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 42 generally perform the functions and/or methodologies of the embodiments described in this disclosure.
The processing unit 16 executes various functional applications and data processing, for example, implementing the methods mentioned in the foregoing embodiments, by running a program stored in the system memory 28.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present disclosure, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless explicitly specifically limited otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing steps of a custom logic function or process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are well known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure, and that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (12)
1. A laser cladding method, characterized in that the method comprises:
synchronously starting a target powder feeder and a movable device to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder, and driving a laser to move through the movable device; wherein, the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the centerline of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding base material and the intersection point of the centerline of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding base material is the target length;
responding to the target starting time length of the target powder feeder, starting the laser to emit laser spots through the laser, and performing laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target duration is determined according to the target length and a laser scanning speed of the laser.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to said synchronously opening the target powder feeder and the movable device, the method further comprises:
starting an initial powder feeder to convey cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a single-hole powder feeding nozzle of the initial powder feeder;
determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate;
setting each spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius;
and setting the size of the strip-shaped light spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said determining a spreading radius of said cladding powder on said laser cladding substrate comprises:
acquiring the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder and the height of the cladding powder;
under the condition that the powder feeding mode of the initial powder feeder is gravity powder feeding, obtaining the repose angle of the cladding powder;
and determining the spreading radius of the cladding powder on the laser cladding base material according to the height of the cladding powder and the repose angle of the cladding powder.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said providing each orifice in a porous powder feed nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the spreading radius comprises:
acquiring a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the spray holes;
aiming at any two adjacent spray holes in each spray hole, determining the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes according to the set spray hole diameter, the weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between any two adjacent spray holes and the spreading radius;
and setting a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder according to the interval length between the spray holes and the diameter of the spray holes.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein obtaining the weighting factor corresponding to the interval length between each nozzle hole comprises:
in response to the fact that the number of the spray holes included in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle is odd, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the multi-hole powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
in response to the fact that the number of the spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle is even, determining a weight coefficient corresponding to the interval length between the ith spray hole and the (i + 1) th spray hole in the porous powder feeding nozzle according to the following formula:
wherein alpha is 0 N is the number of spray holes contained in the porous powder feeding nozzle for the set weight coefficient threshold value.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the setting of the size of the stripe-shaped light spot of the laser according to the spreading radius and the interval length between the spray holes comprises:
determining a first value according to the sum of the interval lengths among the spray holes;
adjusting the spreading radius according to a first set multiple to obtain a second value;
determining the length of the strip-shaped light spot according to the first value and the second value;
and determining the width of the strip-shaped light spot according to the set value.
7. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
determining a first region length and a second region length of the strip-shaped light spot according to the interval length between the spray holes; the first area length is used for indicating the length of the middle area of the strip-shaped light spot, and the second area length is used for indicating the length of the edge area of the strip-shaped light spot;
acquiring a first power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the middle area;
according to the first power density, carrying out power setting on the middle area of a laser spot of the laser;
adjusting the first power density according to a second set multiple to obtain a second power density of the strip-shaped light spot in the edge area;
and performing power setting on the edge area of the laser spot of the laser according to the second power density.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method comprises:
determining the reference power of the laser according to the size of the strip-shaped light spot and the first power density;
adjusting the power density of the middle region and the edge region of the laser spot in response to the reference power being less than a set power threshold.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising:
closing the target powder feeder;
synchronously turning off the laser and the movable device in response to the target powder feeder turning off for the first duration.
10. A laser cladding apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus comprises:
the first starting module is used for synchronously starting the target powder feeder and the movable device so as to spray cladding powder to a laser cladding substrate through a porous powder feeding nozzle of the target powder feeder and drive the laser to move through the movable device; wherein, the laser spot of the laser is a strip-shaped spot, and the distance between the intersection point of the centerline of the porous powder feeding nozzle and the surface of the laser cladding base material and the intersection point of the centerline of the laser spot and the surface of the laser cladding base material is the target length;
the second starting module is used for responding to the target starting time length of the target powder feeder, starting the laser so as to emit laser spots through the laser and carry out laser cladding on cladding powder on the laser cladding substrate; wherein the target duration is determined according to the target length and a laser scanning speed of the laser.
11. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor when executing the program implementing the laser cladding method of any one of claims 1-9.
12. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the laser cladding method of any one of claims 1-9.
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