CN115475926A - Low-pressure sand casting device and method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using same - Google Patents
Low-pressure sand casting device and method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115475926A CN115475926A CN202211026115.9A CN202211026115A CN115475926A CN 115475926 A CN115475926 A CN 115475926A CN 202211026115 A CN202211026115 A CN 202211026115A CN 115475926 A CN115475926 A CN 115475926A
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- pure aluminum
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000007528 sand casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 45
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-pressure sand casting device and a method for preparing a pure aluminum casting by using the same, and belongs to the field of casting. The invention replaces the iron liquid lifting pipe commonly used in the low-pressure sand casting process in the prior art with the liquid lifting pipe made of SiC, and then takes the low-pressure casting of A356 aluminum alloy as a research object to research the gradual composition and structure performance before and after the liquid lifting pipe is transformed. The invention effectively reduces the impurities in the cast aluminum liquid, improves the elastic modulus of the product, improves the quality of the product, prolongs the service life of the lift tube and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of casting, and particularly relates to a low-pressure sand casting device and a method for preparing a pure aluminum casting by using the same.
Background
The requirement of the casting industry on the quality of casting products is gradually improved, and the requirement of the castings of automobiles and high-speed rail gear boxes on chemical elements is very strict. The gearbox casing foundry goods often adopts aluminium liquid low pressure sand casting, and its casting in-process often adopts the stalk of iron, and iron element and aluminium element take place the reaction very easily, and in the process of casting injection molten aluminum, the aluminium rivers of high temperature flow through the stalk of iron very easily by polluting, and the stalk corrosion resisting property of iron is poor, thereby the difficult defect of discovering of corruption production can lead to leaking gas and lead to the emergence of foundry goods shrinkage cavity. In addition, if the content of iron impurities in the casting is too high, the performance of the originally expected product, such as the reduction of elastic modulus and the reduction of corrosion resistance, can be changed, the qualification rate of the casting is greatly reduced, and the production cost is improved. The SiC has stable chemical property, is not easy to react with aluminum at high temperature, and has small thermal expansion coefficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a low-pressure sand casting device and a method for preparing a pure aluminum casting by using the same. The invention replaces the iron liquid lifting pipe which is commonly used in the low-pressure sand casting with the liquid lifting pipe which takes silicon carbon (SiC) as the material.
The invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a low-pressure sand casting device, which comprises a liquid lifting pipe, wherein the top of the liquid lifting pipe is connected with a casting mould, and the bottom of the liquid lifting pipe extends into a heat-preservation crucible furnace, and the liquid lifting pipe is made of a silicon-carbon material.
Preferably, the atomic ratio of silicon to carbon in the silicon-carbon material is 1.
Preferably, the total length of the lift tube is 1000mm, and the inner diameter of the lift tube is 80mm; the external diameter of the pipe section with the top down 330mm length is 125mm, and the external diameter of the rest pipe sections is 120mm.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using the low pressure sand casting apparatus according to any one of the first aspect, specifically as follows:
pouring the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a target mould through a silicon-carbon material liquid lifting pipe, and taking out the aluminum alloy liquid after the workpiece is cooled; and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the obtained workpiece, taking out the workpiece and cutting the workpiece into a target size to obtain a pure aluminum casting.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy liquid is A356 aluminum alloy.
Further, the content of each element in the A356 aluminum alloy is as follows: 7.5% of Si, 0.4% of Mg, 0.18% of Fe, 0.19% of Cu, 0.1% of Mn, 0.1% of Zn, 0.18% of Ti, and other elements: <0.05% each, and <0.15% total, balance aluminum.
Preferably, the smelting process is carried out by a resistance furnace.
Preferably, the homogenization heat treatment is carried out by a heat treatment furnace.
Preferably, the homogenizing heat treatment process specifically comprises the following steps:
the solution treatment is carried out by firstly keeping the temperature at 520 ℃ for 5h, then the quenching treatment is carried out at the water temperature of 40 ℃, and finally the aging treatment is carried out by keeping the temperature at 195 ℃ for 6 h.
Preferably, the pure aluminum casting has a cylindrical structure with the size of 3.7mm in diameter and 5.29mm in height.
Preferably, it is used. The pouring pressure is 0.02-0.06 MPa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the iron lift tube commonly used in low-pressure sand casting is replaced by the SiC lift tube, so that impurities in molten aluminum in the low-pressure casting process are effectively reduced, the elastic modulus of a product is improved, the deformation degree of a casting during demolding is reduced, the quality of the product is improved, the service life of the lift tube is prolonged, and the production cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic representation of an aluminum casting made by low pressure sand casting using iron (a) and SiC (b) risers.
FIG. 3 is a structural morphology of an aluminum casting cast by iron (a) and SiC (b) lift tube low pressure sand casting.
FIG. 4 is a graph of displacement-load of compression tests on aluminum castings cast by low-pressure sand casting with lift tubes of different materials.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further elucidated and described with reference to the drawings and the detailed description. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without mutual conflict.
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a low-pressure sand casting device, and the lower part of the casting device is a closed heat-preserving crucible furnace for storing molten metal after smelting. The top of the crucible furnace is fastened with a casting mold (namely a casting mold), and the vertical riser tube enables the molten metal to be the same as a downward pouring system. In practical application, the atomic ratio of silicon to carbon in the silicon-carbon material is preferably 1; the total length of the riser tube is 1000mm, and the inner diameter of the riser tube is 80mm; the external diameter of the pipe section with the length of 330mm from the bottom of the top is 125mm, and the external diameter of the rest pipe sections is 120mm.
The method for preparing the pure aluminum casting by using the low-pressure sand casting device comprises the following specific steps:
pouring the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a target mould through a silicon-carbon material liquid lifting pipe, and taking out the aluminum alloy liquid after the workpiece is cooled; and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the obtained workpiece, taking out the workpiece and cutting the workpiece into a target size to obtain a pure aluminum casting.
Wherein, the casting mould needs to be preheated to the working temperature before casting, and the coating is sprayed in the cavity. In the pouring process, dry compressed air is slowly introduced into the crucible furnace, and the molten metal is filled into the cavity from bottom to top along the liquid lifting pipe and the pouring system under the action of gas pressure. After the pressure is increased to a predetermined operating pressure, the molten metal is crystallized under pressure. When the casting is solidified, the atmosphere is communicated in the crucible furnace, the pressure of the molten metal is restored to the atmospheric pressure, the molten metal which is not solidified in the liquid lifting pipe and the pouring system flows back to the crucible furnace under the action of gravity, and after the workpiece is cooled, the casting mold is opened, and the casting is taken out. The homogenization heat treatment process is specifically as follows: the solution treatment is carried out by firstly keeping the temperature at 520 ℃ for 5h, then the quenching treatment is carried out at the water temperature of 40 ℃, and finally the aging treatment is carried out by keeping the temperature at 195 ℃ for 6 h.
Examples
In this embodiment, the low-pressure sand casting device for the silicon-carbon lift tube and the low-pressure sand casting device for the conventional iron lift tube are used for casting, and the casting method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Weighing 100Kg of A356 alloy, smelting in an industrial resistance furnace, respectively using Fe-made and SiC-bar-made lift tubes to perform low-pressure sand casting on the same aluminum casting, and taking out the aluminum casting after the workpiece is cooled.
(2) And (2) putting the workpieces obtained in the step (1) into a heat treatment furnace for carrying out homogenization heat treatment, and then taking out two small cylindrical samples with the workpiece cutting diameter of 3.7mm and the height of 5.29 mm.
(3) And (3) grinding and polishing the two samples obtained in the step (2), performing metallographic treatment, and analyzing the structure, the components and the mechanical property. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the microstructures of both were observed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope. A metallographic picture obtained by shooting with an optical microscope is shown in fig. 2, wherein a) is a metallographic picture obtained by amplifying an aluminum casting obtained by low-pressure sand casting with an iron lift tube by 100 times, and b) is a metallographic picture obtained by amplifying an aluminum casting obtained by low-pressure sand casting with an iron lift tube by 100 times, and it can be seen that grains in a) are thinner than grains in b), and defects exist in b). A microstructure picture shot by a scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 3, wherein a) b) is the structure and appearance of an aluminum casting which is obtained by adopting low-pressure sand casting of an iron lift tube and is amplified by 50 times and 200 times respectively; c) d) the structure and the appearance which are respectively 50 times and 200 times of those of the aluminum casting which is cast by adopting the iron lift tube low-pressure sand mold. At low power it can be clearly observed: the aluminum casting cast by the iron riser tube low-pressure sand mold has some defects. At high magnification, it is clearly observed: the aluminum casting cast by the iron lift tube low-pressure sand mold contains more impurities, and the aluminum casting cast by the SiC lift tube low-pressure sand mold has no obvious defects and more impurities.
The samples are subjected to X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis, the percentage content of each element component in the two samples is shown in table 1, most of impurities except aluminum in the aluminum casting sample obtained by the lift tube low-pressure sand casting of the SiC material in the table are less than the impurity content in the aluminum casting sample obtained by the lift tube low-pressure sand casting of the iron material, and the reduction of the Fe content is particularly obvious.
TABLE 1 percentage of elements in aluminum castings cast by low pressure sand casting with lift tubes of different materials
The two cylindrical samples were subjected to compression performance testing, and the resulting compression test displacement-load graph is shown in fig. 4, in which: the straight line segment part in the figure, namely the elastic deformation stage, shows that the slope of a displacement-load curve of an aluminum casting sample obtained by low-pressure sand casting of the SiC lift tube is higher than that of an aluminum casting sample obtained by low-pressure sand casting of the iron lift tube, which shows that the resistance of the aluminum casting sample obtained by low-pressure sand casting of the SiC lift tube to elastic deformation is better than that of the aluminum casting sample obtained by low-pressure sand casting of the iron lift tube. The elastic modulus E value obtained by fitting calculation of the raw data of the straight line segment is shown in table 2: the elastic modulus of an aluminum casting sample obtained by the SiC lift tube low-pressure sand casting is higher than that of an aluminum casting sample obtained by the iron lift tube low-pressure sand casting, so that the aluminum casting obtained by the SiC lift tube low-pressure sand casting is stressed during demoulding and in subsequent processing, and the deformation degree is reduced.
TABLE 2 modulus of elasticity of aluminum castings cast by low-pressure sand casting of lift tubes made of different materials
The invention replaces the iron lift tube which is commonly used in the original low-pressure sand casting process with the SiC lift tube, takes the low-pressure casting of A356 aluminum alloy as a research object, and researches the gradual composition and structure performance before and after the transformation of the lift tube. According to the invention, while casting aluminum liquid impurities are effectively reduced, the elastic modulus of the product is improved, the quality of the product is improved, the service life of the lift tube is prolonged, and the production cost is reduced.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Various changes and modifications may be made by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the technical scheme obtained by adopting the mode of equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-pressure sand casting device comprises a liquid lifting pipe, the top of the liquid lifting pipe is connected with a casting mould, and the bottom of the liquid lifting pipe extends into a heat-preservation crucible furnace.
2. A low pressure sand casting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the atomic ratio of silicon to carbon in the silicon-carbon material is 1.
3. A low pressure sand casting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the lift tube has an overall length of 1000mm and an internal diameter of 80mm; the external diameter of the pipe section with the length of 330mm from the bottom of the top is 125mm, and the external diameter of the rest pipe sections is 120mm.
4. A method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using the low-pressure sand casting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pouring the smelted aluminum alloy liquid into a target mould through a silicon-carbon lift tube, and taking out the aluminum alloy liquid after the workpiece is cooled; and then carrying out homogenization heat treatment on the obtained workpiece, taking out the workpiece and cutting the workpiece into a target size to obtain a pure aluminum casting.
5. A method of producing pure aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized by the aluminum alloy liquid being A356 aluminum alloy.
6. A method of producing pure aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized in that the melting process is accomplished by means of an electric resistance furnace.
7. A method of producing pure aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized by the homogenization heat treatment being accomplished by a heat treatment furnace.
8. A method of producing pure aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized by the process of homogenizing heat treatment specifically as follows:
the solution treatment is carried out by firstly keeping the temperature at 520 ℃ for 5h, then the quenching treatment is carried out at the water temperature of 40 ℃, and finally the aging treatment is carried out by keeping the temperature at 195 ℃ for 6 h.
9. A method of producing pure aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized by the dimensions of the pure aluminum castings being cylindrical structures with a diameter of 3.7mm and a height of 5.29 mm.
10. A method of producing pure aluminum castings according to claim 4, characterized by the pouring pressure being 0.02-0.06 MPa.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211026115.9A CN115475926A (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Low-pressure sand casting device and method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211026115.9A CN115475926A (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Low-pressure sand casting device and method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using same |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN115475926A true CN115475926A (en) | 2022-12-16 |
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| CN202211026115.9A Pending CN115475926A (en) | 2022-08-25 | 2022-08-25 | Low-pressure sand casting device and method for preparing pure aluminum castings by using same |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104439160A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州金特机械有限公司 | Lift tube for casting |
| CN205660144U (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2016-10-26 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Riser tube |
| CN205668056U (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-11-02 | 保定亿嘉特种陶瓷制造有限公司 | A kind of stalk |
| CN110899663A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Automatic adjusting and sealing mechanism for top liquid lifting pipe of anti-gravity casting machine |
-
2022
- 2022-08-25 CN CN202211026115.9A patent/CN115475926A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104439160A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 柳州金特机械有限公司 | Lift tube for casting |
| CN205668056U (en) * | 2016-06-04 | 2016-11-02 | 保定亿嘉特种陶瓷制造有限公司 | A kind of stalk |
| CN205660144U (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2016-10-26 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Riser tube |
| CN110899663A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Automatic adjusting and sealing mechanism for top liquid lifting pipe of anti-gravity casting machine |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 罗启全: "《铝合金熔炼与铸造》", 30 September 2002, 广东科技出版社, pages: 194 - 195 * |
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