CN112522647B - High-vacuum die-casting high-elongation heat treatment method for rare earth-containing aluminum-silicon alloy - Google Patents

High-vacuum die-casting high-elongation heat treatment method for rare earth-containing aluminum-silicon alloy Download PDF

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CN112522647B
CN112522647B CN202011276204.XA CN202011276204A CN112522647B CN 112522647 B CN112522647 B CN 112522647B CN 202011276204 A CN202011276204 A CN 202011276204A CN 112522647 B CN112522647 B CN 112522647B
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casting
vacuum die
elongation
rare earth
aluminum alloy
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CN112522647A (en
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张鹏
姚乙
华志建
曾晓蕾
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Shanghai Automobile Gear Works
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

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Abstract

A high-elongation heat treatment method for high-vacuum die-casting of Al-Si alloy containing rare earth includes such steps as putting the test specimen in box-type ageing furnace, heating to 240 deg.C at 6-8 deg.C/s, holding the temp for 20-30min, heating to 440, 460 or 480 deg.C at 4-6 deg.C/s, holding the temp for 2 hr, cooling in 80 deg.C water, heating to 180 deg.C at 3 deg.C/s, holding the temp for 2 hr, ageing and air cooling. Comparing the performance of the cast test bar under the same casting process. The invention adopts a solid solution aging scheme, and the elongation of the aluminum alloy is remarkably improved by adding the low-cost misch metal.

Description

High-vacuum die-casting high-elongation heat treatment method for rare earth-containing aluminum-silicon alloy
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of new energy automobile manufacturing, in particular to a die-casting aluminum alloy high-elongation heat treatment method with the vacuum degree of 50-100Mbar by adding low-cost mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth, which is mainly used for new energy automobiles.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the excellent characteristics of light density, good corrosion resistance, high specific strength and rigidity and good low-temperature performance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles and electronic and electrical appliances. The Al — Si alloy is a typical cast aluminum alloy, has advantages of good fluidity and good casting manufacturability, and has been widely used in the automobile industry at present. The traditional automobile aluminum alloy casting parts generally adopt gravity casting, sand casting and the like, and the interior of the parts often has the defects of air holes, shrinkage porosity and the like, so that bubbling and macroscopic deformation can occur on the surface of a casting in the high-temperature solution treatment process, and the performance of a shell is influenced. Along with the popularization of new energy automobiles, the application of motor shells and battery shells is more and more common. Due to the particularity of the internal wrapping parts, the shell parts need to be improved in elongation rate to ensure that no fracture occurs, and the stability of the internal environment of the shell is ensured. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the internal defects of the casting by vacuum die casting, and a heat treatment process suitable for vacuum die casting is developed to improve the elongation of the aluminum alloy.
The existing proposal for improving the elongation of cast aluminum alloy mainly adjusts alloy components, such as increasing the content of Cu to form Al2A Cu strengthening phase improves the elongation; and the grain refinement such as Ti, Zr, V and the like is added, and the elongation is enhanced through fine grain strengthening. However, the cost of Cu, Ti, Zr and V is very expensive, and the cost of casting aluminum alloy is increased. And segregation and product non-uniformity are easily formed. The Chinese invention patent 201710640233.1 (zirconium-strontium composite micro-alloyed and magnesium alloyed high-hardness corrosion-resistant aluminum-silicon-copper series casting aluminum alloy and preparation method) discloses a Zr-Sr composite micro-alloyed and Mg alloyed corrosion-resistant high-strength Al-Si-Cu series casting alloy and preparation method thereof. Among them, there are the following disadvantages: controlling the content of Cu to exceed 1.0 percent, easily causing the solidification interval to be enlarged and forming casting defects; the Mg content is too high, further reducing the elongation, such that the elongation is below 6%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-vacuum die-casting high-elongation heat treatment method for a rare earth-containing aluminum-silicon alloy, which optimizes the alloy components and structure by adding low-cost mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth, purifies harmful impurity elements by using rare earth, refines crystal grains and achieves fine grain strengthening. Controlling the content of Fe in the alloy and reducing the acicular FeAl3The content of Fe, the harmful effect of Fe is eliminated, and the elongation is improved. The content of Mg is controlled, the Mn element is used for compensating the Mg element, and the reduction of the elongation rate caused by the excessively high content of the Mg is reduced. In addition, the elongation is further improved by solid solution aging, and controlling the time and temperature.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy is placed in a box-type aging furnace, the temperature is raised to 240 ℃ at the speed of 6-8 ℃/s and then is preserved for 20-30min, then the temperature is raised to 440-480 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s and then is preserved for 2 h, then the vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy is cooled in 80 ℃ water, the temperature is raised to 180 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/s and then is preserved for 2 h, and the vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy is cooled after aging.
The vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy piece is made of AlSi10Mg (Fe), EN 1706.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of a tensile bar according to the present invention;
FIGS. 2-4 are schematic diagrams of different solution aging treatment temperatures according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic photograph of the sample after solution aging treatment.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The tensile bar of this example satisfies GB/T13822, as shown in FIG. 1. The aluminum alloy raw material adopts EN1706-ENAC-43400 and AlSi10Mg (Fe), the mass fraction of Fe is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.60 percent, low-cost lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth with the mass fraction of less than or equal to 0.1 percent is added, the content of Mg is controlled to be the lower limit in actual production, the mass fraction of Mg is 0.2-0.3 percent, the content of Mn is the upper limit, and the mass fraction of Mn is 0.45-0.55 percent.
In the lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth: the mass fraction of lanthanum is 70%, and the mass fraction of cerium is 30%.
The specific composition of AlSi10Mg (Fe) is shown in table 1.
The vacuum die casting adopts a Toyo V3-350T vacuum die casting machine, the vacuum degree is controlled to be 50-100Mbar, the quenching is carried out immediately after the test bar is demoulded, the water temperature is 60-75 ℃, and the maximum supersaturated solid solution is kept as far as possible.
TABLE 1AlSi10Mg (Fe) chemical composition in mass percent
Figure BDA0002779154610000021
In this example, a vacuum die-cast aluminum alloy test bar was placed in a box furnace and subjected to solution aging treatment according to FIG. 2. Heating to 240 ℃ at the speed of 6-8 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 20-30min, then continuously heating to 440 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 2 h, then cooling in 80 ℃ water, heating to 180 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/s, preserving heat for 2 h, and cooling in air after aging. Solution aging was followed by static tensile testing. All tensile test bar mechanical property tests adopt a Shanghai Longhua WDW-100 miniature control electronic universal tensile testing machine, and the tonnage is 100 KN. In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of high elongation and high vacuum die casting are that the yield strength is 132MPa and the elongation is 14.2%.
Example 2
In this example, a vacuum die-cast aluminum alloy test bar was placed in a box furnace and subjected to solution aging treatment according to FIG. 3. Heating to 240 ℃ at the speed of 6-8 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 20-30min, then continuously heating to 460 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 2 h, then cooling in 80 ℃ water, heating to 180 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/s, preserving heat for 2 h, and cooling in air after aging. Followed by static tensile testing. All tensile test bar mechanical property tests adopt a Shanghai Longhua WDW-100 miniature control electronic universal tensile testing machine, and the tonnage is 100 KN. In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of high elongation and high vacuum die casting are yield strength of 130MPa and elongation of 13.2%.
Example 3
In this example, a vacuum die-cast aluminum alloy test bar was placed in a box furnace and subjected to solution aging treatment according to FIG. 4. Heating to 240 ℃ at the speed of 6-8 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 20-30min, then continuously heating to 480 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 2 h, then cooling in 80 ℃ water, heating to 180 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/s, preserving heat for 2 h, and cooling in air after aging. Followed by static tensile testing. All tensile test bar mechanical property tests adopt a Shanghai Longhua WDW-100 miniature control electronic universal tensile testing machine, and the tonnage is 100 KN. In this example, the room temperature mechanical properties of high elongation and high vacuum die casting are yield strength of 120MPa and elongation of 16.5%.
Comparative example 1
The vacuum die-cast aluminum alloy test bar was not subjected to any solution aging treatment, followed by static tensile test. All tensile test bar mechanical property tests adopt a Shanghai Longhua WDW-100 miniature control electronic universal tensile testing machine, and the tonnage is 100 KN. In the comparative example, the room temperature mechanical properties of the high vacuum die casting are that the yield strength is 138Mpa and the elongation is 3.5%.
The room temperature mechanical properties of the examples are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical property data of vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy test bars
State of heat treatment Yield strength MPa Elongation percentage%
Example 1 132 14.2
Example 2 130 13.2
Embodiment 3 120 16.5
Comparative example 1 138 3.5
As shown in Table 2, compared with the mechanical property data of the comparative example, the elongation of the aluminum alloy test bar is improved by 270-410% after the solution aging in the embodiment, which is remarkably improved, and the yield strength is only reduced by 13%.
In the process of the embodiment, vacuum die casting is adopted, the vacuum degree is 50-100mba, the gas content in the aluminum alloy test bar can be obviously reduced, the density of the casting is improved, and the surface of the casting does not bubble and the size of the casting does not macroscopically deform when the casting is subjected to high-temperature solid solution. The added industrial low-cost mixed lanthanum-cerium rare earth has the functions of refining and purifying aluminum liquid, refining the structure, and coexisting with Si, Fe and the like at a crystal boundary to form a Fe eutectic structure and improve the aluminumThe form of Fe eutectic structure in the alloy effectively improves the elongation of the material; in the solid solution process, a supersaturated solid solution is formed, and most of hard and brittle second phases disappear, so that the plasticity of the aluminum alloy is obviously improved. At the moment, the eutectic structure is fused, granulated and spheroidized and is uniformly distributed on the alpha-Al solid solution, so that the stress concentration condition of the eutectic structure during substrate fracture and bearing can be obviously reduced, and the elongation is improved. During subsequent aging treatment, the second phase Mg2Si is precipitated from the supersaturated solid solution, and the strength of the material is improved. The metallographic photograph after the solution aging treatment is shown in fig. 5.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (1)

1. A high-vacuum die-casting heat treatment method for high-elongation rare-earth-containing aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized in that a vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy part material is heated to 240 ℃ at the speed of 6-8 ℃/s and then is subjected to heat preservation for 20-30min, then is continuously heated to 440 ℃, 460 or 480 ℃ at the speed of 4-6 ℃/s and then is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours, then is cooled in 80 ℃ water, is heated to 180 ℃ at the speed of 3 ℃/s and then is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours, and is subjected to air cooling after aging;
the vacuum die-casting aluminum alloy piece is made of EN 1706-ENAC-AlSi10Mg (Fe);
the mass fraction of Fe in the AlSi10Mg (Fe) is less than or equal to 0.65 percent, and the mass fraction of the low-cost mixed rare earth is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
the low-cost mixed rare earth is lanthanum-cerium mixed rare earth, wherein the mass fraction of lanthanum is 70%, and the mass fraction of cerium is 30%;
the high vacuum die casting has the vacuum degree of 50-100 Mbar.
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