CN115474671A - Low-salt dried meat slices with low nitrite residues and preparation method - Google Patents
Low-salt dried meat slices with low nitrite residues and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115474671A CN115474671A CN202211168407.6A CN202211168407A CN115474671A CN 115474671 A CN115474671 A CN 115474671A CN 202211168407 A CN202211168407 A CN 202211168407A CN 115474671 A CN115474671 A CN 115474671A
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- Prior art keywords
- meat
- low
- salt
- temperature
- nitrite
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M nitrite group Chemical group N(=O)[O-] IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000015177 dried meat Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000192041 Micrococcus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000191940 Staphylococcus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nicotinamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-glucono-1,5-lactone Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004320 sodium erythorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005152 nicotinamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011570 nicotinamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960003966 nicotinamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N Cobalt-60 Chemical compound [60Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006024 Lactobacillus plantarum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013965 Lactobacillus plantarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000191996 Pediococcus pentosaceus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000191965 Staphylococcus carnosus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015190 carrot juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940072205 lactobacillus plantarum Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020997 lean meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 235000012209 glucono delta-lactone Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000182 glucono-delta-lactone Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003681 gluconolactone Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 17
- 235000013622 meat product Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous amide Chemical compound ON=N XKLJHFLUAHKGGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 7
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- 238000006911 enzymatic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003195 fascia Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZCUQOPGIJRGJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthalen-1-ylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(N)CN)=CC=CC2=C1 ZCUQOPGIJRGJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 HVBSAKJJOYLTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000036675 Myoglobin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010062374 Myoglobin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010010779 glutamine-pyruvate aminotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002751 lymph Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001256 steam distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000193155 Clostridium botulinum Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101001018064 Homo sapiens Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100033472 Lysosomal-trafficking regulator Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 244000038561 Modiola caroliniana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010703 Modiola caroliniana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060008539 Transglutaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium nitrite Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-]N=O CAMXVZOXBADHNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000260 carcinogenicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195712 glutamate Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001087 myotubule Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002832 nitroso derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000018 nitroso group Chemical group N(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019624 protein content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019643 salty taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950000244 sulfanilic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 102000003601 transglutaminase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/60—Comminuted or emulsified meat products, e.g. sausages; Reformed meat from comminuted meat product
- A23L13/67—Reformed meat products other than sausages
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
- A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
- A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B4/20—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/428—Addition of flavours, spices, colours, amino acids or their salts, peptides, vitamins, yeast extract or autolysate, nucleic acid or derivatives, organic acidifying agents or their salts or acidogens, sweeteners, e.g. sugars or sugar alcohols; Addition of alcohol-containing products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/42—Additives other than enzymes or microorganisms in meat products or meat meals
- A23L13/432—Addition of inorganic compounds, e.g. minerals; oligo-elements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L13/40—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof containing additives
- A23L13/45—Addition of, or treatment with, microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
A low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the raw materials are pretreated and then pickled, the fermented meat stuffing, cane sugar, glucose, salt, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, polyphosphoric acid and salt color protection additives are mixed and then formed into a smear, a heat pump is adopted to adopt a variable temperature drying process, staphylococcus and micrococcus are inoculated after a sample is cooled to room temperature, the inhibition effect on nitrite and nitrosamine is remarkable, and the stable bright color of the meat product is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food, and particularly relates to low-salt dried meat slices with low nitrite residues and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The dried pork slice is one of the main dried meat products in the market of China, and is a Chinese traditional flavor food. Fresh lean pork is subjected to fascia removal, material mixing, sheet spreading, drying, baking and other series of processing procedures to prepare a finished product of the dried meat slice, and the finished product has wide market prospect due to unique color, aroma and taste, rich nutrition, convenience in carrying, high popularity and the like. However, as meat products, dried pork slices have high lipid and protein contents, and are easily subjected to oxidation induction of oxygen, light, enzymes and the like in the high-temperature baking and storage and transportation processes, so that lipid and protein are oxidized to different degrees, and the color, flavor and nutritional value of the products are finally influenced. In order to effectively regulate and control the oxidation of meat products, antioxidants are widely used in meat product production.
Nitrite is a color fixative often used in the processing of various meat products. Its main function is to make the meat product produce attractive bright red colour, at the same time can inhibit growth and reproduction of several harmful microorganisms (specially Clostridium botulinum), and can help the product produce unique flavour and inhibit the production of cooking flavour. In addition, it has certain antioxidant effect. However, nitrite can generate nitrous acid under an acidic environment, and nitrous acid can react with various amino compounds to generate nitroso compounds (such as nitrosamine) with carcinogenicity, so that attention has been paid to how to reduce the residual amount of nitrite in meat products. Therefore, international countries require that the addition amount of nitrite in the color-developed meat products is limited to the minimum level for ensuring color protection. The color development method using the color development additive and the nitrite can effectively reduce the dosage of the nitrite on the premise of keeping the original flavor of the color developed meat product, but the effect of reducing the residual quantity of the nitrite by each color development additive is not known at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and a preparation method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: respectively mincing lean meat and pure fat meat with a meat mincer;
(2) Soaking and deodorization treatment: soaking the meat paste in a fishy smell removing solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃ for 60min, wherein the weight ratio of the meat paste to the fishy smell removing solution is 1;
(3) Curing treatment: fully and uniformly mixing ingredients such as soybean protein, carrageenan, seasoning, cane sugar, mixed microbial inoculum and the like with a proper amount of water, putting the mixture and the minced meat into a stirring machine, stirring and uniformly mixing, and pickling for 18 hours at the temperature of 0-4 ℃;
(4) Mixing 95-96% of fermented meat stuffing, 0.5-1% of cane sugar, 0.5-1% of glucose, 2.5% of salt, 100mg/kg of sodium nitrate, 70mg/kg of sodium nitrite, 0.1% of polyphosphoric acid and 0.2% of salt color protection auxiliary agent, and then forming a smear piece;
(5) Adopting a variable-temperature drying process by adopting a heat pump, drying at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ by using hot air at the initial stage and the humidity of 30%, gradually increasing the drying temperature to 75-80 ℃ until the moisture content of the sample is close to 17%, and finally baking all samples for 3min at 150 ℃.
(6) After the sample is cooled to room temperature, inoculating staphylococcus and micrococcus in a mass ratio of 1 7 CFU/g。
Further, the deodorization solution consists of 5% of salt, 10% of carrot juice and 2% of garlic juice.
Further, fermenting by using a mixed microbial inoculum, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is prepared by combining lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus pentosaceus and staphylococcus carnosus according to a ratio of 1;
further, the color protection auxiliary agent consists of: tea polyphenol, ascorbic acid, D-sodium erythorbate, gluconic acid-delta-lactone, citric acid and nicotinamide.
Further, the addition amounts of tea polyphenols, ascorbic acid, D-sodium erythorbate, gluconic acid-delta-lactone, citric acid and nicotinamide are 300 mg/kg respectively -1 ,750mg·kg -1 And 350 mg/kg -1 ,450mg·kg -1 ,350mg·kg -1 ,2000mg·kg -1 。
Further, sterilizing: sterilizing by cobalt-60 gamma ray radiation at normal temperature and 4-6kGy dose.
In order to improve the taste of the dried meat slice, the method further comprises an enzyme recombination molding step; adding TG enzyme into the salted meat paste, mixing uniformly, putting the meat paste on tin foil coated with vegetable oil, pressing into a thin layer with the thickness of about 4mm, performing enzyme reaction by adopting a method of 40 ℃ constant-temperature water bath for 40min, putting a sample after the enzyme reaction into a water bath kettle at 80 ℃ for cooking for 15min to inactivate the glutamine transaminase, and cooling with flowing water.
The beef cured by the compound color-protecting auxiliary agent has no significant difference (p is more than 0.05) in L, a and b values compared with the control group. The values of L, a and b do not change too much with the increase of the storage time. The results show that the beef pickled by using the composite color protection additive can achieve the effect of the traditional pickling method in color and luster, and has good color stability in shelf life.
The strong ascorbic acid reducing agent can accelerate the conversion of oxidized myoglobin and nitrite to myoglobin and NO, and inhibit the reverse conversion, so as to completely convert the myopigment into NOMb pigment, and the residual ascorbic acid can inhibit the color fading of nitroso hemoglobin, thereby improving the stability of the color of the chemical dried meat slice and prolonging the color retention period. Furthermore, ascorbic acid is also effective in preventing the formation of the carcinogen, ammonium nitrite, in meat. The salt is used as a flavoring agent to endow the dried meat slices with salty taste, and is the basis of the flavor of the dried meat slices. Can also inhibit bacteria in cooked meat product, and prolong shelf life of the product. The salt is used as a skeleton preparation, is beneficial to dissolving out the m-globulin and greatly influences the tenderness, elasticity and shearing force of the meat product. The salt can also promote the sulfite to permeate into the meat product to enable the meat product to uniformly develop color, and is a great important factor influencing the travel color. Sucrose mainly affects the daily taste of the finished product, and then contributes to color and absorbs oxygen to keep the color of meat. The Maillard reaction occurs between sugar and sulfur-containing amino acid, so that the product has unique flavor and color, and the addition of sugar and salt can improve the water retention of meat, increase the flavor of the finished product and make the tissue relatively soft. The factors influencing the color of the dried meat slice are the large procedures of crisping, drying and baking. Because meat emulsion muscle fibers are cut off, the traveling preparation permeates uniformly and quickly, the meat internalization hemoglobin and the hemoglobin are combined with NO provided by the color former to generate nitrosohemoglobin and nitrosohemoglobin, so that stable and bright color of meat products is obtained, the Maillard reaction and the promotion effects of ascorbic acid, complex salts of 24976 and the like are continuously generated in the preparation process through sugar addition and color assisting, and the length of the curing time plays a key role in the color and luster of the products.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Selecting meat, removing fascia, lymph, fat, extravasated blood and the like, and then cutting the meat into 350-400 g meat blocks;
(2) Soaking and deodorization treatment: soaking the meat paste in a fishy smell removing solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃ for 60min, wherein the weight ratio of the meat paste to the fishy smell removing solution is 1;
(3) Curing treatment: fully and uniformly mixing ingredients such as soybean protein, carrageenan, seasoning, cane sugar, mixed microbial inoculum and the like with a proper amount of water, putting the mixture and the minced meat into a stirring machine, stirring and uniformly mixing, and pickling for 18 hours at the temperature of 0-4 ℃;
(4) Mixing 95-96% of fermented meat stuffing, 0.5-1% of cane sugar, 0.5-1% of glucose, 2.5% of salt, 100mg/kg of sodium nitrate, 70mg/kg of sodium nitrite, 0.1% of polyphosphoric acid and 0.2% of salt color protection auxiliary agent, and then forming a smear piece;
(5) Adopting a heat pump and adopting a variable temperature drying process, drying by using hot air at a temperature of 65-70 ℃ and a humidity of 30% in an initial stage, gradually increasing the drying temperature to 75-80 ℃ until the moisture content of the sample is close to 17%, and finally baking all samples at 150 ℃ for 3min.
(6) After the sample is cooled to room temperature, inoculating staphylococcus and micrococcus in a mass ratio of 1 7 CFU/g。
The fishy smell removing solution consists of 5% of salt, 10% of carrot juice and 2% of garlic juice.
Fermenting by using a mixed microbial inoculum, wherein the mixed microbial inoculum is formed by combining lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus pentosaceus and staphylococcus carnosus according to a ratio of 1;
the color protection auxiliary agent consists of: tea polyphenol, ascorbic acid, D-sodium erythorbate, gluconic acid-delta-lactone, citric acid and nicotinamide, wherein the addition amounts of the tea polyphenol, the ascorbic acid, the D-sodium erythorbate, the gluconic acid-delta-lactone, the citric acid and the nicotinamide are respectively 300 mg/kg -1 ,750mg·kg -1 And 350 mg/kg -1 ,450mg·kg -1 ,350mg·kg -1 ,2000mg·kg -1 。
And (3) sterilization: the cobalt-60 gamma ray radiation sterilization is carried out, the sterilization temperature is normal temperature, and the dosage is 4-6kGy.
Example 2
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: lean meat and pure fat meat, the formula is as follows: lean meat, namely fat meat =7, and mincing by a meat mincer respectively;
(2) Soaking and deodorization treatment: soaking the meat paste in a fishy smell removing solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃ for 60min, wherein the weight ratio of the meat paste to the fishy smell removing solution is 1;
(3) Curing treatment: fully and uniformly mixing ingredients such as the soybean protein, the carrageenan, the seasoning, the sucrose, the mixed microbial inoculum and the like with a proper amount of water, putting the mixture and the minced meat together into a stirring machine, stirring and uniformly mixing, and pickling for 18 hours at the temperature of 0-4 ℃; adding TG enzyme into the salted meat paste, mixing uniformly, putting the meat paste on tinfoil coated with vegetable oil, pressing into a thin layer with the thickness of about 4mm, performing enzyme reaction by adopting a method of 40 ℃ constant-temperature water bath for 40min, putting a sample after the enzyme reaction into a 80 ℃ water bath pot, cooking for 15min to inactivate glutamine transaminase, and then cooling by using flowing water;
(4) Mixing 95-96% of fermented meat stuffing, 0.5-1% of cane sugar, 0.5-1% of glucose, 2.5% of salt, 100mg/kg of sodium nitrate, 70mg/kg of sodium nitrite, 0.1% of polyphosphoric acid and 0.2% of salt color protection auxiliary agent, and then forming a smear piece;
(5) Adopting a heat pump and adopting a variable temperature drying process, drying by using hot air at a temperature of 65-70 ℃ and a humidity of 30% in an initial stage, gradually increasing the drying temperature to 75-80 ℃ until the moisture content of the sample is close to 17%, and finally baking all samples at 150 ℃ for 3min.
(6) After the sample is cooled to room temperature, inoculating staphylococcus and micrococcus in a mass ratio of 1 7 CFU/g。
The deodorization solution consists of 5% of salt, 10% of carrot juice and 2% of garlic juice.
The mixed microbial inoculum is formed by combining lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus pentosaceus and staphylococcus carnosus according to a ratio of 1;
the color protection auxiliary agent comprises: tea polyphenol, ascorbic acid, D-sodium erythorbate, gluconic acid-delta-lactone, citric acid and nicotinamide, wherein the addition amounts of the tea polyphenol, the ascorbic acid, the D-sodium erythorbate, the gluconic acid-delta-lactone, the citric acid and the nicotinamide are respectively 300 mg/kg -1 ,750mg·kg -1 And 350 mg/kg -1 ,450mg·kg -1 ,350mg·kg -1 ,2000mg·kg -1 。
And (3) sterilization: sterilizing by cobalt-60 gamma ray radiation at normal temperature and 4-6kGy dose. The protein-glutamic acid glutamate transglutaminase is a transferase for catalyzing a gene transfer reaction of a gene of 37276, can effectively improve the property of protein gel, catalyzes the intermolecular or intramolecular formation of lysine covalent bonds in the protein, enables the intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking of the protein to form an intramolecular and intermolecular network structure, and further enables the gel t623 to endow the protein food with better function specialization and improve the nutritional value of the protein.
Example 3
(1) Selecting meat, removing fascia, lymph, fat, extravasated blood and the like, and then cutting the meat into 350-400 g meat blocks;
(2) Soaking and deodorization treatment: soaking the meat paste in a fishy smell removing solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃ for 60min, wherein the weight ratio of the meat paste to the fishy smell removing solution is 1;
(3) Curing treatment: fully and uniformly mixing the soybean protein, the carrageenan, the seasoning, the sucrose and the mixed microbial inoculum ingredient with a proper amount of water, putting the mixture and the minced meat together into a stirring machine, stirring and uniformly mixing, and pickling for 18 hours at the temperature of 0-4 ℃;
(4) Mixing 95-96% of fermented meat stuffing, 0.5-1% of cane sugar, 0.5-1% of glucose, 2.5% of salt, 100mg/kg of sodium nitrate, 70mg/kg of sodium nitrite and 0.1% of polyphosphoric acid, and forming a smear;
(5) Adopting a variable-temperature drying process by adopting a heat pump, drying at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ by using hot air at the initial stage and the humidity of 30%, gradually increasing the drying temperature to 75-80 ℃ until the moisture content of the sample is close to 17%, and finally baking all samples for 3min at 150 ℃.
Example 4
Adopt the influence of color protection auxiliary agent of this application to dried meat colorimetric value and nitrite content, adopt the dried meat slice of the compound color protection auxiliary agent of above-mentioned pickling to carry out the colorimetric value survey of storage period, only use sodium nitrite to pickle the dried meat slice colorimetric value that does not add the color protection auxiliary agent with traditional approach and compare, see the following table in the result. It is known that the dried meat slices pickled with the composite color-protecting additive have no significant difference (p > 0.05) in L, a and b values from the control group. The values of L, a and b of the two do not change too much with the prolonging of the storage time. The results show that the color of the dried meat slice pickled by using the composite color protection auxiliary agent can reach the effect of the traditional pickling method, and the color stability is good in shelf life. The preserved meat cured by the composite color-protecting auxiliary agent has no significant difference (p is more than 0.05) in L, a and b values compared with the control group. The values of L, a and b of the two do not change too much with the prolonging of the storage time. The results show that the color of the dried meat slice pickled by using the composite color protection auxiliary agent can reach the effect of the traditional pickling method, and the color stability is good in shelf life.
Example 5
Nitrite and nitrosamine assay
The nitrite content is measured by adopting a naphthyl ethylenediamine hydrochloride method. After precipitating protein and removing fat, under the condition of weak acid, the nitrite is diazotized with sulfanilic acid, and then coupled with naphthyl ethylenediamine hydrochloride to form mauve dye, and the absorbance value is measured at 538 nm.
The extraction of volatile nitrosamines from meat products is usually carried out by steam distillation. 50 g of the minced sample was weighed, homogenized by adding 50mL of ultrapure water and 60g of sodium chloride, and transferred to an all-glass distillation flask for steam distillation. 40mL of methylene chloride was added to the receiving flask and 300mL of fractions were collected. To the fractions, 4mL of 37% concentrated hydrochloric acid was added, shaken well, and transferred to a separatory funnel. The mixture was extracted three times with 120mL of methylene chloride, and the methylene chloride solution was collected, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, transferred to a K-D concentrator, concentrated to about 10mL in a 56 ℃ water bath, concentrated to 100. Mu.L with nitrogen purge, and analyzed by GC-MS.
Chromatographic conditions are as follows: HP-INNOWAx quartz capillary column; temperature programming: the initial temperature is 70 ℃, the temperature is kept for 3min, the temperature is increased to 140 ℃ at 15 ℃/min, then the temperature is increased to 180 ℃ at 5 ℃/min, and then the temperature is increased to 250 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 3min; high-purity helium with the purity more than or equal to 99.999 percent, and in a constant-current mode at a rate of 1mL/min; the sample inlet temperature is 230 ℃, the sample injection amount is 1 mu L, the sample injection is not divided, and the non-divided time is 1min. Mass spectrum conditions: EI ionization mode, electron energy 70eV; the ion source temperature is 220 ℃, and the transmission line temperature is 250 ℃; the solvent delay time is 4min; the collection method is full Scan (Scan) and selective ion detection (Sim).
Under the measuring conditions, the linear relation between the sodium nitrite and the nitrosamine in the concentration range of the standard solution is good, and the correlation coefficient can reach more than 0.999. The inhibitory effect on nitrite and nitrosamine is expressed as inhibition (%): inhibition = (1-C/C0) × 100%.
Claims (6)
1. A low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and a preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: respectively mincing lean meat and pure fat meat with a meat mincer;
(2) Soaking and deodorization treatment: soaking the meat paste in a fishy smell removing solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃ for 60min, wherein the weight ratio of the meat paste to the fishy smell removing solution is 1;
(3) Curing treatment: fully and uniformly mixing ingredients such as soybean protein, carrageenan, seasoning, cane sugar, mixed microbial inoculum and the like with a proper amount of water, putting the mixture and the minced meat into a stirring machine, stirring and uniformly mixing, and pickling for 18 hours at the temperature of 0-4 ℃;
(4) Mixing 95-96% of fermented meat stuffing, 0.5-1% of cane sugar, 0.5-1% of glucose, 2.5% of salt, 100mg/kg of sodium nitrate, 70mg/kg of sodium nitrite, 0.1% of polyphosphoric acid and 0.2% of salt color protection auxiliary agent, and then forming a smear piece;
(5) Adopting a variable-temperature drying process by adopting a heat pump, drying at the temperature of 65-70 ℃ by using hot air at the initial stage and the humidity of 30%, gradually increasing the drying temperature to 75-80 ℃ until the moisture content of the sample is close to 17%, and finally baking all samples for 3min at 150 ℃.
(6) After the sample is cooled to room temperature, inoculating staphylococcus and micrococcus in a mass ratio of 1 7 CFU/g。
2. The low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the fishy smell removing solution consists of 5% of salt, 10% of carrot juice and 2% of garlic juice.
3. The low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein a mixed microbial inoculum is fermented, and the mixed microbial inoculum is prepared by combining lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus pentosaceus and staphylococcus carnosus according to a ratio of 1.
4. The low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the color-protecting additive is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: tea polyphenol, ascorbic acid, D-sodium erythorbate, gluconic acid-delta-lactone, citric acid and nicotinamide.
5. The low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue as claimed in claim 3, wherein the addition amounts of tea polyphenols, ascorbic acid, D-sodium erythorbate, glucono-delta-lactone, citric acid and nicotinamide are 300 mg/kg -1 ,750mg·kg -1 And 350mg kg -1 ,450mg·kg -1 ,350mg·kg -1 ,2000mg·kg -1 。
6. The low-salt dried meat slice with low nitrite residue and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, is characterized in that the sterilization: sterilizing by cobalt-60 gamma ray radiation at normal temperature and 4-6kGy dose.
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CN103271366A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-04 | 四川农业大学 | Preparation method of novel dried pork slice |
CN107410896A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-01 | 天津众品食业有限公司 | A kind of new Spiced beef processing technology |
CN108669466A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-19 | 河南牧业经济学院 | A kind of production method that leisure spiced beef is dry |
CN111280397A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-16 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method of low-mutton-smell fermented dried mutton slices |
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CN103271366A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-09-04 | 四川农业大学 | Preparation method of novel dried pork slice |
CN107410896A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-01 | 天津众品食业有限公司 | A kind of new Spiced beef processing technology |
CN108669466A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-19 | 河南牧业经济学院 | A kind of production method that leisure spiced beef is dry |
CN111280397A (en) * | 2020-03-18 | 2020-06-16 | 浙江大学 | Preparation method of low-mutton-smell fermented dried mutton slices |
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