CN115473267B - Intelligent electric energy regulation and control system for solar photovoltaic panel - Google Patents
Intelligent electric energy regulation and control system for solar photovoltaic panel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 98
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
- B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
- B05B9/0403—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
- B05B9/0423—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material for supplying liquid or other fluent material to several spraying apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
- B08B1/12—Brushes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to an intelligent electric energy regulation and control system of a solar photovoltaic panel. The controller is used for receiving the electric energy receiving limit value distributed by the dispatching system and setting an electric energy uploading limit value of the photovoltaic power station; the direct current load module is connected with the grid-connected inversion module in parallel. The power detection module detects whether the electric energy uploaded to the power grid by the photovoltaic power station exceeds an electric energy uploading limit value, if so, calculates an uploading difference value, sets the size of a direct current load according to the data of the uploading difference value and starts the direct current load. The invention can prevent excessive electric energy uploaded to the power grid under the condition of sufficient sunlight, further cause the phenomenon that equipment on the power grid such as a transformer and the like is burnt out, and can achieve the beneficial effects of avoiding property loss and reducing power failure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to an intelligent electric energy regulation and control system for a solar photovoltaic panel.
Background
Along with the maturation and popularization of the photovoltaic power generation technology, more and more users in rural areas install photovoltaic power generation boards to perform power generation and self-use, and redundant electric energy is sold to a power grid in a grid-connected mode to obtain benefits. Due to the characteristics of clean energy and the benefits of the photovoltaic power generation system, more and more farmers in rural areas install the photovoltaic power generation system. Because too much capacity is not reserved for the power supply system in the design initial stage of the rural power distribution network, when the photovoltaic power generation system is excessively installed, more energy is returned to the power grid at peak time, the overload problem can occur to the power flowing through the transformer in the transformer area, the short power failure problem occurs when the overload trip of the transformer is caused, and the larger economic loss and the longer power failure are caused when the transformer is burnt out. These can cause significant inconvenience and loss to the grid system as well as to the consumer. When the power generation system is loaded, in order to reduce the cost, the electric energy output by the photovoltaic panel is directly connected with the grid through the inverter device, and the energy storage battery is rarely additionally arranged; and in order to realize the firm of photovoltaic board, the photovoltaic board adopts fixed installation more, and the angle and the orientation of photovoltaic board can't change. Meanwhile, the MPPT maximum power tracking technology is adopted, and the photovoltaic power generation panel is in a state of maximum power output, so that the energy overload of the distribution network of the transformer area is very easy to be caused when the photovoltaic system is more, and the overload of the transformer is caused in the process of uploading the energy to the last voltage level. Therefore, designing an intelligent electric energy regulation and control system of a solar photovoltaic panel, which is convenient to reform and can control electric energy output, becomes an urgent requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the intelligent electric energy regulation and control system for the solar photovoltaic panel is convenient to reform and can control electric energy output.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: the intelligent regulation and control system for the electric energy of the solar photovoltaic panel is applied to a grid-connected photovoltaic power station system and comprises a controller, a power detection module and a direct current load module, wherein the power detection module and the direct current load module are connected with the controller; the controller is used for receiving the electric energy receiving limit value distributed by the dispatching system and setting an electric energy uploading limit value of the photovoltaic power station; the direct current load module is connected with the grid-connected inversion module in parallel; the power detection module detects whether the electric energy uploaded to the power grid by the photovoltaic power station exceeds an electric energy uploading limit value or not; if the power uploading limit value is exceeded, the uploading difference value is calculated, the direct current load is set according to the data of the uploading difference value, and the direct current load is started.
Preferably, the direct current load module comprises an electric control switch and a direct current load connected with the electric control switch.
More preferably, the dc load is a resistor.
More preferably, the direct current load is an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is arranged at the lower part of the photovoltaic panel.
More preferably, the direct current load is a shading device; the shading device comprises sliding tracks respectively arranged at the upper edge and the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel, a first sliding rod and a second sliding rod which are erected on the upper sliding track and the lower sliding track, an electric telescopic rod connected with the first sliding rod and the second sliding rod, a driving mechanism for driving the first sliding rod to move, and a rolling shaft arranged on the first sliding rod; the roller is wound with shading cloth, and the free end of the shading cloth is fixedly connected with the second sliding rod.
More preferably, an electric brush is arranged on the second sliding rod or the first sliding rod, and the electric brush is abutted to the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate.
More preferably, the direct current load is a water mist circulating device; the water mist circulating device comprises a water storage tank, a spray pipe arranged at the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate, a recovery runner arranged at the lower edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate and a water pump communicated with the water storage tank and the spray pipe; the spray pipes are uniformly provided with atomizing spray heads; the recovery runner is communicated with the water storage tank; and the spraying direction of the atomizing spray head is vertical to the photovoltaic power generation plate.
Preferably, the power detection module also detects the electric energy loaded by a user and the electric energy output by the photovoltaic power generation panel;
and a data acquisition stage:
generating a daily electricity period average historical data curve by detecting and storing the data of the electric energy loaded by the user;
generating daily power generation period average historical data by detecting and storing the data of the electric energy output by the photovoltaic power generation panel;
and (3) an intelligent regulation stage:
step 1, when the power detection module detects that the electric energy uploaded to the power grid by the photovoltaic power station exceeds an uploading limit value, an uploading difference value and a load adjustment value are calculated:
Wtz＝Wfc-Whc-Wcz
wherein Wtz is a load adjustment value, wfc is a power generation change value, whc is a power consumption change value, and Wcz is an upload difference value;
the power consumption change value is a power consumption estimated value of the next data period and is obtained by inquiring according to an average historical data curve of the daily power consumption period;
the power generation change value Wfc is a power generation expected value of the next data period and is obtained according to average historical data curve inquiry of the daily power generation period;
step 2, setting a direct current load module according to the load adjustment value and starting the direct current load module;
step 3, updating data:
updating a daily electricity period average historical data curve by detecting and storing the data of the electric energy loaded by the user;
and updating the daily power generation period average historical data curve by detecting and storing the data of the output electric energy of the photovoltaic power generation panel.
More preferably, wtz =μ× (Wfc-Whc-Wcz), where μ is the adjustment factor;
detecting and judging whether the actual uploading difference value of the electric energy uploaded to the power grid in the next data period reaches an expected value;
if the expected value is not reached, increasing the adjustment coefficient when the adjustment is performed in the next data period;
the adjustment coefficient is reduced at the time of adjustment in the next data period if the predicted value is exceeded.
More preferably, the initial value of the adjustment coefficient is 1, and the minimum value by which the adjustment coefficient increases or decreases is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the phenomenon that equipment such as a transformer and the like on the power grid burns out is caused by excessive electric energy uploaded to the power grid caused under the condition of sufficient sunlight, and the beneficial effects of avoiding property loss and reducing power failure can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system components of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dc load module according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of a shade device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a front view of a shade device of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a spray circulation device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the system components of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a shade with an electric brush according to the present invention.
In the figure:
470. an electric brush; 140. a power grid; 130. user load; 120. a power supply conversion device; 110. a photovoltaic power generation panel; 300. a direct current load module; 900. a controller; 540. a water pump; 530. a recovery flow channel; 520. a shower pipe; 510. a water storage tank; 460. a shade cloth; 450. a roller; 440. a driving mechanism; 430. an electric telescopic rod; 422. a second slide bar; 421. a first slide bar; 410. a glide track; 310. an electric control switch; 213. a third power detection module; 212. a second power detection module; 211. a first power detection module;
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the following further explain the embodiments of the present invention in detail.
The intelligent regulation and control system for the electric energy of the solar photovoltaic panel is applied to a grid-connected system of a photovoltaic power station.
The grid-connected system of the photovoltaic power station includes a photovoltaic power generation panel 110, a power conversion device 120 connected with the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, a user load 130 connected with the power conversion device 120, and a power grid 140, as shown in the figure, in this embodiment, the power conversion device 120, the user load 130, and the power grid 140 are connected on the same power supply bus. The power conversion device 120 is configured to convert dc power into ac power for the consumer load 130 and sell the surplus power to the power grid 140, wherein the power conversion device 120 is configured to convert dc power into ac power by using a grid-connected inverter module and then perform grid connection.
The intelligent solar photovoltaic panel electric energy regulation and control system is used for assisting a photovoltaic power station grid-connected system, the detection of the power consumption of a user load 130, the generated energy of a photovoltaic power panel 110 and the electric energy uploading amount of the photovoltaic power station grid-connected system is realized by installing corresponding auxiliary equipment on the basis of the existing photovoltaic power station grid-connected system, and the output of an inversion system is reduced in a form of shading the photovoltaic power panel 110 or increasing a direct current load based on the detected data, so that the purpose of adjusting the uploading electric energy is achieved.
The intelligent regulation and control system for the electric energy of the solar photovoltaic panel comprises a controller 900, a power detection module and a direct current load module 300, wherein the power detection module and the direct current load module are connected with the controller 900. The controller 900 may be used as a part of the user load 130, or may be directly connected to the output terminal of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, and used as a part of the dc load. The controller 900 is a microprocessor for implementing signal acquisition and processing, and related peripheral auxiliary circuits and driving circuits, and the controller 900 is mainly used for implementing the control method disclosed in the present application.
The main hardware devices of the power detection module are a current transformer and a voltage transformer. In order to realize detection of various power consumption, a plurality of power detection modules may be provided, namely, a first power detection module 211, a second power detection module 212 and a third power detection module 213.
The first power detection module 211 is disposed on a conductor connected to the grid 140 of the photovoltaic power generation system, that is, on a conductor connected to the grid 140 of the power conversion device 120, and is used for detecting electric energy uploaded to the grid 140 by the photovoltaic power generation system, that is, detecting an actual uploading value Wsj of the electric energy uploaded to the grid 140, which is actual uploading power in this embodiment.
The second power detection module 212 is disposed on the subscriber premises cable, i.e. the connection line of the subscriber load 130 to the power bus. The second power detection module 212 is configured to detect an actual user power consumption Whsj of the user load 130. The third power detection module 213 is disposed on a cable between the photovoltaic panel 110 and the power conversion apparatus 120. The third power detection module 213 is configured to detect an actual power generation amount Wfsj actually output by the photovoltaic power generation panel 110. The data of the actual power consumption Whsj and the actual power generation amount Wfsj of the user detected by the second power detection module 212 and the third power detection module 213 are taken as the basis for setting the regulation parameters.
The first power detection module 211 and the second power detection module 212 are an alternating current transformer and an alternating voltage transformer, and the third power detection module 213 is a direct current transformer and a direct voltage acquisition device.
As shown in fig. 1, the dc load module 300 is connected in parallel with the power conversion device 120. The dc load module 300 is disposed on a side of the third power detection module 213 away from the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, so that the detection data of the third power detection module 213 is more accurate. The dc load module 300 is mainly a dc load, and is configured to consume the electric energy output by the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 through the dc load, thereby reducing the electric energy transmitted to the power conversion device 120 by the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, and finally enabling the electric energy output to the power grid 140 by the power conversion device 120 to be within a set limit value, so as to ensure the operation safety of the power grid equipment.
In order to implement the regulation and control of the dc load, as shown in fig. 2, the dc load module includes an electronically controlled switch 310 and a load connected to the electronically controlled switch 310. The electric control switch 310 is electrically connected with the controller 900, the controller 900 can send a switching-on or switching-off instruction to the electric control switch 310, and the electric control switch 310 performs switching-off and switching-on actions after receiving the instruction, so that the input and the cutting-off of the direct current load are realized.
The more common dc load is a resistor or a resistive wire. As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of resistors may be arranged in parallel, and each resistor is connected in series with one electric control switch 310, so that the total resistance of the dc load can be adjusted by controlling the number of the electric control switches 310 that are closed.
In this system, the controller 900 is provided with a communication module, and can realize communication with the power dispatching system. Since a plurality of photovoltaic power generation systems may be provided within a power supply station area, and the power generated by each power generation system is different, the consumption of the user power is different from moment to moment, resulting in that the energy of the actual power in the station area is in the process of changing constantly. Therefore, real-time regulation and control are required to be performed on the limit value of the electric energy uploaded by each photovoltaic power station in the transformer area according to the rated capacity of the transformer and the actual capacity of the transformer flowing through the transformer, so that all users can be ensured to sell the corresponding electric energy without influencing the electric equipment of the transformer area.
During operation, the controller 900 receives the power reception limit Wjs allocated by the scheduling system, and sets the power upload limit Wsx of the photovoltaic power plant according to the received power reception limit Wjs. Wherein the power upload limit value Wsx is smaller than the power reception limit value Wjs, and specifically wsx=kwjs, where k is a stability factor, and k is 0.6 and 0.8.
For the dispatch control system, the initial value of the power reception limit Wjs is calculated by the following formula.
Wherein Wjsi is the initial power receiving limit value Wjs of the ith photovoltaic power station in the transformer area, wi is the rated power of the ith photovoltaic power station, we is the rated power of the transformer in the transformer area, p is a coefficient, and the value is 30 according to the national standard, and the output power of the power station can be dynamically regulated, so that the value can be 30-50, including the values of 30 and 50.
During actual operation, the remaining capacity of the transformer adjusts the power reception limit Wjs in accordance with the load change, wherein the power reception limit Wjs can be adjusted higher when the remaining capacity of the transformer increases, and vice versa. An adjustment accuracy, such as 10W of power, may be set, with each adjustment increasing or decreasing by 10W.
After the controller 900 sets the power upload limit Wsx, the data collection is performed on each power detection module in a circulating manner.
According to the collected data of the first power detection module 211, the actual uploading value Wsj of the current uploading power grid is obtained, and whether the actual uploading value Wsj exceeds the electric energy uploading limit value Wsx is judged:
if the time interval is not exceeded, continuing to perform detection again after a time interval;
if so, an upload difference Wcz is calculated, and then the controller 900 sets the magnitude of the dc load and starts the dc load according to the data of the upload difference Wcz. Wherein Wcz =wsx-Wsj. In a simpler manner, wtz = Wcz, where Wtz is the load adjustment value of the adjusted dc load.
After the dc load is started, the power transmitted from the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 to the power conversion device 120 is reduced, so that the actual transmission value Wsj after the power conversion device 120 is reduced, and the purpose of regulation is achieved.
Preferably, in order to reduce the fluctuation of the ac power outputted by the inverter, the load adjustment value Wtz of the adjusted dc load is smaller than the upload difference Wcz, wherein Wtz =γ Wcz, wherein 0.4+.γ+.0.8, and γ=0.6 in this embodiment.
In addition to directly reducing the output of the power conversion device 120 by using the dc load, the actual power generation amount Wfsj of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 may be reduced by shielding the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 by using the dc load driving apparatus. There are several ways to do this.
A first part
In addition to setting the direct current load as a resistor or a resistive wire, the load may be set as a heating wire. The electric heating wires are connected by wires and wound into a grid and laid on the back of the photovoltaic panel. The downside of heating wire is provided with the protection casing, is provided with the clearance between upper portion and the photovoltaic board. The photovoltaic power generation panel 110 is warmed up by the heating wire, and the generated energy of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 is reduced while consuming the direct current electric energy due to the temperature rise.
Two (II)
The dc load is a shading device, and the shading device includes a sliding track 410, a first sliding rod 421, a second sliding rod 422, an electric telescopic rod 430, a driving mechanism 440, a roller 450, and a shading cloth 460.
The glide tracks 410 are provided at the upper and lower edges of the photovoltaic panel 110. In the present embodiment, the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 is formed as an integral large inclined surface facing in the south direction based on the structure of the actual photovoltaic power generation panel 110, and is fixed to the roof. The glide tracks 410 in this embodiment are mounted on the upper and lower edges. The glide track 410 is disposed parallel to the upper edge of the photovoltaic panel and is connected to a fixture mounting the photovoltaic panel by a fixture bracket.
Preferably, in order to reduce the shielding of the normally operating photovoltaic power generation panel 110 by the shielding device, the sliding track 410 may be disposed on the outer side of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, and meanwhile, the length of the sliding track 410 is longer than that of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110, so that the shielding device is stopped on the outer side of one end of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 in a state that no adjustment is required.
The two sliding rails 410 are arranged in parallel, and the first sliding bar 421 and the second sliding bar 422 are perpendicular to the sliding rails 410 and are erected on the sliding rails 410. The sliding track 410 in this embodiment is a rectangular channel or angle.
The first slide bar 421 and the second slide bar 422 are also arranged in parallel, and in order to achieve adjustment of the distance between the first slide bar 421 and the second slide bar 422, the first slide bar 421 and the second slide bar 422 are connected by an electric telescopic bar 430. The distance between the first slide bar 421 and the second slide bar 422 can be adjusted by controlling the electric telescopic bar 430, and thus the area of the shade cloth 460 can be changed. The electric telescopic rod 430 can be a screw rod structure, an electric cylinder, an electric push rod and the like.
The roller 450 is disposed on the first slide bar 421, and the shade cloth 460 is wound around the roller 450. The free end of the shade cloth 460 is fixedly connected with the second slide bar 422.
The roller 450 is provided with a self-resetting mechanism such as a torsion spring. Or the roller 450 is connected with a motor to drive the roller 450, so that the roller rolls up the shade cloth 460.
The driving mechanism 440 comprises a driving motor and rollers arranged at two ends of the first slide bar 421 and the second slide bar 422 through bearings, and the driving motor drives the rollers to rotate through gears, belts or friction wheels. The start drive mechanism 440 drives the shade cloth 460 to reciprocate on the photovoltaic panel 110. The service life of the photovoltaic power generation plate can be prolonged through reciprocating motion, the serious aging of a specific area of the photovoltaic power generation plate 110 caused by a fixed shading area is prevented, the whole photovoltaic power generation plate 110 is damaged, and the service life of the photovoltaic power generation plate 110 is shortened.
Further, in order to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel, the second slide bar 422 or the first slide bar 421 is provided with an electric brush 470, and the electric brush 470 is abutted against the surface of the photovoltaic panel 110 on the upper portion of the photovoltaic panel 110. When the photovoltaic panel needs to be cleaned, the electric brush 470 is started to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel. Alternatively, when the dc load is insufficient, the electric brush 470 is activated to increase the dc load.
Three kinds of
The direct current load is a water mist circulating device, and sunlight irradiating the photovoltaic power generation plate 110 is shielded by spraying water mist on the front part of the photovoltaic power generation plate 110, so that electric energy output of the photovoltaic power generation plate is reduced. After falling on the photovoltaic panel, the water mist flows to the lower edge of the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 under the action of gravity, and the water flowing to the edge is collected through the recovery flow channel 530 for recycling.
The water mist circulating device comprises a water storage tank 510, a spray pipe 520 arranged at the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate 110, a recovery runner 530 arranged at the lower edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate 110 and a water pump 540 communicated with the water storage tank 510 and the spray pipe 520.
The shower 520 is parallel to the upper edge of the photovoltaic panel 110 and is disposed at the upper portion of the upper edge of the photovoltaic panel 110 to ensure that the photovoltaic panel 110 is not shielded. Or at a location spaced from the photovoltaic panel 110 in the plane of the panel. The spray pipe 520 is provided with a plurality of branched pipes, and the end parts of the branched pipes are connected with atomizing spray heads. Wherein the branch pipe may be disposed in a state perpendicular to the plane of the photovoltaic panel. So that the spray direction of the atomizer is perpendicular to the photovoltaic panel 110.
The recycling channels 530 may be made of channel steel, or have the same structure as the channel steel, and made of light materials such as plastic materials. The notch of the recovery flow channel 530 is upward, and the recovery flow channel 530 is located directly below the lower edge of the photovoltaic panel. One end of the recovery flow channel 530 is blocked, and the other end is provided at the upper portion of the water storage tank 510. In order to ensure that the water storage tank 510 is free from impurities, a filter screen is arranged at the end part of the recovery flow channel 530 positioned at the upper end of the water storage tank 510, or is blocked by the filter screen. While communicating the end of the recovery flow channel 530 with the water inlet of the water storage tank 510 through a pipe. The control switch of the water pump 540 and one of the plurality of electronically controlled switches 310 that is a dc load.
Further, in order to ensure the water capacity of the water storage tank 510, an electronic water level gauge is provided inside the water storage tank 510, and an electric water valve is provided to be connected to an external water source. The controller 900 is electrically connected to an electronic water level gauge and an electrically operated water valve. When it is detected that the water level in the water storage tank 510 is lowered to the minimum value, the controller 900 starts the electric water valve to fill the water storage tank 510, and closes the electric water valve to stop filling when the upper limit value of the water storage tank 510 is reached.
Fourth, fourth
In this embodiment, the dc load is a combination of the second embodiment and the third embodiment, that is, the dc load includes both the light shielding device and the water mist circulating device. The regulation and control of the electric energy output of the photovoltaic panel are realized through the combination control of the two modes.
As shown in fig. 6, preferably, for more precise control, in the second, third and fourth embodiments, a dual power switching module is provided, one input terminal of which is electrically connected to the photovoltaic panel, and the other input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the dc power supply supplied by the utility power. Or the input end of the direct current power supply is provided with a power supply of the output end of the inversion module. When the output electric energy of the photovoltaic panel needs to be regulated, the power is reduced only by a shielding mode or a shielding area regulating mode, and when the mode can not meet the requirement, the dual-power switching module is controlled to be switched to the photovoltaic panel for supplying power, and the electric energy output by the inverter module to the power grid 140 is reduced by the modes of reducing the generated energy and increasing the power consumption.
Based on the four regulation modes, wtz =γ Wcz, wherein γ is determined according to plant test data and actual regulation data of regulation at an early stage.
When the direct current load is a pure resistive load, the load adjustment value Wtz and the actual adjustment value are in a linear relationship, and at this time, adjustment can be realized by setting gamma.
When the direct current load is a shading device or a water mist circulating device, the load adjusting value Wtz and the actual adjusting value are in a nonlinear relation due to the shading effect, at the moment, factory experiment data and initial adjusting control data are needed to draw up corresponding functions or draw up a data corresponding table, and gamma is set in a data query mode.
In the adjusting process, in order to prevent larger fluctuation of output, the gamma value can be set as smaller data, and gamma is continuously increased in the cyclic adjusting process, and gamma is gradually reduced after reaching a peak value, so that fluctuation is stable, and the quality of electric energy input into a power grid is better.
Further, in order to better ensure the quality of the electric energy uploaded to the power grid, in the actual adjustment process, the electric energy generated in the next data period is appropriately adjusted through analysis of the historical data, so that the influence on the power grid is reduced. That is, the regular data of the load of the user and the regular data of the power generated by the photovoltaic power generation panel 110 are used as the basis for setting the adjustment value. The data is collected and analyzed during the initial use phase of the system. Therefore, the system operation comprises two stages, one is an early data acquisition stage and one later intelligent regulation stage, and the data acquisition can be continued in the later intelligent regulation stage, and the generated historical data can be updated.
In the data acquisition stage, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
generating a daily electricity period average historical data curve by detecting and storing the data of the electric energy loaded by the user;
generating a daily power generation period average historical data curve by detecting and storing data of the output electric energy of the photovoltaic power generation panel;
in the process of data acquisition and analysis, time-division statistical analysis is adopted. I.e. the minimum time period for data acquisition and analysis, is defined as a data period Ts, wherein the data period Ts has a value in the range of 1-5 minutes, including 1 minute. The method comprises the steps of segmenting the time of day according to the duration of a data period Ts, averaging the data of the same data period on each day of a data acquisition phase, and making a daily electricity period average historical data curve according to the average value of each data period.
Correspondingly, a daily power generation period average historical data taking line is made in the same way.
In order to ensure the effectiveness of the data, the average historical data curve of the daily electricity consumption period and the average historical data of the daily electricity generation period are updated in real time in the whole process of the system operation. At this time, 30 days are taken as a statistical period, and after the data is collected on the same day, a daily electricity consumption period average historical data curve and a daily electricity generation period average historical data curve are calculated with the data of the previous 29 days. At this time, the change of electricity utilization rules caused by seasonal changes can be avoided, so that a more accurate adjustment effect can be achieved.
After having the daily electricity consumption period average historical data curve and the daily electricity generation period average historical data curve, in the intelligent regulation stage at the later stage:
the first power detection module 211 of the power detection modules detects that the actual power uploading value Wsj of the power uploaded to the power grid by the photovoltaic power station exceeds the power uploading limit value Wsx to start adjustment, and if overrun is not detected, cycle detection is maintained. At this time, it is detected which data period Ts the current time belongs to, and then the historical average data of the next data period Ts is called. The historical data curve query can be obtained according to the daily electricity consumption period average historical data and the daily electricity generation period average historical data. The power consumption amount change value Whc of the user power consumption amount and the power generation change value Wfc of the photovoltaic power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel are obtained through inquiry in the next data period Ts.
Whc = Wht (n+1) -Wht (n), where Wht (n+1) is the power consumption of the next data period Ts and Wht (n) is the power consumption of the current data period Ts.
Wfc= Wft (n+1) -Wft (n), where Wft (n+1) is the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel of the next data period Ts, and Wft (n) is the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel of the current data period Ts.
The upload difference Wcz is calculated according to the foregoing technique. The load adjustment value Wtz is then calculated using the following formula.
Wtz＝Wfc-Whc-Wcz
At this time, if the value of Wtz is 0, the adjustment may be performed without controlling the dc load.
After the load adjustment value Wtz is calculated, the load of the dc load module is set according to the load adjustment value, and the dc load is started. At this time, if a resistive load is used, the resistance of the load resistance is set, and then the electronically controlled switch 310 is closed. If the shade is a shade, the shade is activated and the area of the shade cloth 460 that is opened is set according to the size of the load adjustment value Wtz. And simultaneously, the driving mechanism 440 is started to drive the shading cloth 460 to reciprocate on the photovoltaic power generation panel.
Further, wtz =μ (Wfc-Whc-Wcz), where μ is the adjustment coefficient. After the adjustment, continuing to detect the data, wherein the time enters the next data period, namely the data period is the next data period after the adjustment of the last period, and the subsequent data processing method comprises the following steps:
the user actual power consumption Whsj of the next data period Ts is detected by the second power detection module 212 and stored to update the daily power period average history data. At the same time, the difference value Whcz of the user actual power consumption Whsj of the next data period Ts and the average user power consumption Whpj in the history data is calculated, whcz=whsj-Whpj. When Whcz >0, the adjustment coefficient is decreased, whereas the adjustment coefficient is increased.
The actual power generation amount Wfsj of the next data period Ts is detected by the third power detection module 213 and stored to update the daily power generation period average history data. The difference Wfcz of the actual power generation amount Wfsj of the next data period Ts and the average power generation amount Wfpj in the history data is calculated at the same time, wfcz=wfsj-Wfpj. When Wfcz >0 is increasing the adjustment factor, the adjustment factor is decreasing in the opposite direction.
The actual upload value Wsj for the next data period is detected by the first power detection module 211 and an upload difference Wcz for the adjusted next data period is calculated. When the uploading difference Wcz of the next data period Ts is smaller than the uploading difference Wcz of the previous data period, the adjustment coefficient is reduced; when the upload difference Wcz of the next data period Ts is greater than the upload difference Wcz of the previous data period, the adjustment coefficient is increased. And simultaneously detecting whether the uploading difference Wcz of the next data period is out of limit, and repeating the method for adjustment if the uploading difference Wcz of the next data period is out of limit.
At this time, the adjustment coefficient is different for each data period Ts. When the upload difference Wcz is detected to exceed the limit for the first time, the adjustment coefficient μ is 1. And simultaneously setting an adjusting scale which is 0.01, 0.05 or 0.02. When the adjustment coefficient needs to be increased, the adjustment coefficient is increased by one adjustment scale, otherwise, the adjustment scale is decreased by one adjustment scale.
According to the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the invention also discloses a control method for keeping the stable output of the photovoltaic power station, and the control method is characterized in that an output stable value is set, and the output stable value and the function of the electric energy uploading limit value Wsx are similar and are all a datum point for control. And when the electric energy uploading value exceeds the limit value, controlling the photovoltaic power generation system. In the above technical solution, various values and limits may use power as a unit, or may use a unit of voltage and current as a unit; in the method, in order to maintain stable output, that is, to ensure stable output of voltage, a unit of voltage may be used as an adjustment unit.
In summary, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the related workers can make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but includes all equivalent changes and modifications in shape, construction, characteristics and spirit according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a solar photovoltaic board electric energy intelligent regulation and control system, is applied to the photovoltaic power plant system that is incorporated into the power networks, its characterized in that:
the power control device comprises a controller (900), a power detection module and a direct current load module (300), wherein the power detection module and the direct current load module are connected with the controller (900); the controller (900) is used for receiving the electric energy receiving limit value Wjs distributed by the dispatching system and setting an electric energy uploading limit value Wsx of the photovoltaic power station, wherein Wsx=kWjs, and k is a stability coefficient, and k is more than or equal to 0.6 and less than or equal to 0.8;
the initial value of the electric energy receiving limit value is:
wherein Wjsi is an initial power receiving limit value Wjs of the ith photovoltaic power station in the transformer area, wi is rated power of the ith photovoltaic power station, we is rated power of a transformer in the transformer area, and p is a proportioning coefficient;
the direct current load module (300) is connected with the grid-connected inversion module in parallel;
the power detection module detects whether the electric energy uploaded to the power grid by the photovoltaic power station exceeds an electric energy uploading limit value or not;
if the power uploading limit value is exceeded, an uploading difference value is calculated, the size of a direct current load is set according to the data of the uploading difference value, and the direct current load is started; when the residual capacity of the transformer is increased, the power receiving limit value Wjs is adjusted up, and otherwise, the power receiving limit value Wjs is adjusted down, wherein the adjustment accuracy is 10W.
2. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, wherein:
the direct current load module (300) comprises an electric control switch (310) and a direct current load connected with the electric control switch (310).
3. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, wherein:
the direct current load is a resistor.
4. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, wherein:
the direct current load is an electric heating wire, and the electric heating wire is arranged at the lower part of the photovoltaic power generation plate (110).
5. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, wherein:
the direct current load is a shading device; the shading device includes:
the sliding rails (410) are respectively arranged at the upper edge and the lower edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate (110);
a first slide bar (421) and a second slide bar (422) which are arranged on the upper slide rail (410) and the lower slide rail;
an electric telescopic rod (430) connected with the first slide rod (421) and the second slide rod (422);
a driving mechanism (440) for driving the first slide bar (421) to move;
a roller (450) arranged on the first slide bar (421); the roller (450) is wound with a shading cloth (460), and the free end of the shading cloth (460) is fixedly connected with the second sliding rod (422).
6. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 5, wherein:
an electric brush (470) is arranged on the second sliding rod (422) or the first sliding rod (421), and the electric brush is abutted to the surface of the photovoltaic power generation plate (110).
7. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, wherein:
the direct current load is a water mist circulating device; the water mist circulating device comprises a water storage tank (510), a spray pipe (520) arranged at the upper edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate, a recovery runner (530) arranged at the lower edge of the photovoltaic power generation plate (110) and a water pump (540) communicated with the water storage tank (510) and the spray pipe (520);
the spray pipes (520) are uniformly provided with atomizing spray heads; the recovery runner (530) is communicated with the water storage tank (510); the spraying direction of the atomizing spray head is perpendicular to the photovoltaic power generation plate (110).
8. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein:
the power detection module also detects the electric energy of the user load (130) and the electric energy output by the photovoltaic power generation panel (110);
and a data acquisition stage:
generating a daily electricity period average historical data curve by detecting and storing data of the electrical energy of the user load (130);
generating daily power generation period average historical data by detecting and storing data of the output electric energy of the photovoltaic power generation panel (110);
counting the acquired data in a time-sharing manner, and setting a data time period Ts, wherein the value range is 1-5 minutes; segmenting the time of a day according to the duration of a data period Ts, averaging the data of the same data period on each day of a data acquisition phase, and preparing a daily electricity period average historical data curve according to the average value of each data period, wherein 30 days are taken as a statistics period;
and (3) an intelligent regulation stage:
step 1, when the power detection module detects that the electric energy uploaded to the power grid by the photovoltaic power station exceeds an uploading limit value, an uploading difference value and a load adjustment value are calculated:
firstly, detecting which data period Ts the current time belongs to, and then calling a power consumption change value Whc of the user power consumption of historical average data of the next data period Ts and a power generation change value Wfc of the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel;
whc = Wht (n+1) -Wht (n), where Wht (n+1) is the power consumption of the next data period Ts, wht (n) is the power consumption of the current data period Ts;
wfc= Wft (n+1) -Wft (n), wherein Wft (n+1) is the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel of the next data period Ts, wft (n) is the power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation panel of the current data period Ts;
Wtz＝Wfc-Whc-Wcz
wherein Wtz is a load adjustment value, wfc is a power generation change value, whc is a power consumption change value, and Wcz is an upload difference value;
the power consumption change value is a power consumption estimated value of the next data period and is obtained by inquiring according to an average historical data curve of the daily power consumption period;
the power generation change value Wfc is a power generation expected value of the next data period and is obtained according to average historical data curve inquiry of the daily power generation period;
step 2, setting a direct current load module according to the load adjustment value and starting the direct current load module;
step 3, updating data:
updating the average historical data curve of the time period of day electricity by detecting and storing data of the electrical energy of the user load (130);
the daily power generation period average history data curve is updated by detecting and storing data of the output power of the photovoltaic power generation panel (110).
9. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 8, wherein:
wtz = μ× (Wfc-Whc-Wcz), where μ is the adjustment factor;
detecting and judging whether the actual uploading difference value of the electric energy uploaded to the power grid in the next data period reaches an expected value;
if the expected value is not reached, increasing the adjustment coefficient when the adjustment is performed in the next data period;
the adjustment coefficient is reduced at the time of adjustment in the next data period if the predicted value is exceeded.
10. The intelligent regulation and control system for electric energy of a solar photovoltaic panel according to claim 9, wherein:
the initial value of the adjustment coefficient is 1, and the minimum value of the increase or decrease of the adjustment coefficient is 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.05.
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