CN115472876A - Fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage change characteristics - Google Patents
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04992—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the implementation of mathematical or computational algorithms, e.g. feedback control loops, fuzzy logic, neural networks or artificial intelligence
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Abstract
The invention is a fuel cell pile anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage change characteristics, under the condition that only anode nitrogen concentration is used as a unique variable, the average voltage of pile work is measured, the steps are repeated after the current density of the pile is changed, and the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the pile and the anode inlet nitrogen concentration under different current densities is obtained through data processing; drawing a Map according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode under different current densities; presetting the Map in a controller; acquiring the current density and the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell through a controller, and estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the current density with the highest frequency in a period of time, the average monolithic voltage variation trend and a Map; and taking the estimated nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a basis for anode purging. The method realizes the estimation of the nitrogen concentration of the anode without adding extra equipment, and provides a basis for the anode purging strategy of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell systems, and particularly relates to a fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage change characteristics.
Background
The fuel cell, as a clean and environment-friendly power generation device, can directly convert chemical energy into electric energy through oxidation-reduction reaction, is not limited by Carnot cycle, and shows high energy conversion efficiency. In addition, the fuel cell has a very wide application prospect, is an important technical route for coping with the current energy crisis and environmental protection, and can be applied to the fields of distributed power generation, mobile power supplies, ships, automobiles, locomotives and the like. With the increasing maturity of fuel cell technology and the advocation of low-carbon environmental protection policies in various countries, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are gradually emerging. Compared with a lithium battery, the fuel battery has short hydrogenation time, is convenient for users to use, and is easier to realize a hydrogenation station on the premise of large range. The fuel cell automobile has the advantages of no need of regular charging, long driving mileage, high energy conversion rate and the like.
The fuel cell is taken as a hotspot in the technical field of new energy, and the performance research and the control strategy design and application of the fuel cell have great significance for improving the performance of the fuel cell and reducing the production cost of the fuel cell. However, many key parameters inside the fuel cell cannot be directly obtained by the sensor during the operation of the fuel cell, and the application of the fuel cell is limited to a certain extent.
At present, a hydrogen circulation mode is generally adopted in the operation of a commercial fuel cell, and under the operation mode, the phenomenon that nitrogen in cathode air diffuses to an anode through a proton exchange membrane, and the nitrogen passing through the cathode continuously accumulates in an anode cavity is generated. Accurate and on-line observation of the anode nitrogen concentration cannot be realized without adding additional equipment, so that effective purification cannot be realized. However, in the existing research, complex equipment and control are needed for realizing the observation of the anode nitrogen concentration, and a simple method for realizing the estimation of the anode nitrogen concentration is not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage change characteristics.
The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme: a fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics comprises the following steps:
under the condition that only the anode nitrogen concentration is taken as a unique variable, measuring the average voltage of the operation of the galvanic pile, repeating the steps after changing the current density of the galvanic pile, and obtaining the relation between the average single-sheet voltage of the galvanic pile and the anode inlet nitrogen concentration under different current densities through data processing;
drawing a Map of the change characteristics of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet under different current densities;
presetting a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristics of the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a controller;
acquiring the current density and the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell through a controller, and estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the current density with the highest frequency, the average monolithic voltage variation trend and a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristics at the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a period of time;
and taking the estimated nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a basis for anode purging.
Further, the step of measuring the average voltage of the stack operation with the anode nitrogen concentration as the only variable is as follows:
keeping the working parameters of the pile such as the gas excess ratio of the cathode and the anode, the inlet pressure, the temperature of a humidifier, the temperature of cooling water entering the pile and the like unchanged, changing and recording the change condition of the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode, and measuring and recording the change condition of the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell.
Further, the data processing method for obtaining the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode comprises the following steps:
and obtaining the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode under different current densities by a data fitting method (such as a polynomial fitting method) by taking the average single-chip voltage as an abscissa and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode as an ordinate.
Further, the Map of the variation characteristics of the anode inlet nitrogen concentration of the fuel cell is drawn as follows:
according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet under different current densities, points with the same current density are connected into a circular line by taking the average single-chip voltage as an abscissa and taking the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet as an ordinate, and the circular line is directly projected to a plane to form a horizontal curve, so that a Map of the nitrogen concentration change characteristic at the anode inlet of the fuel cell is obtained.
Further, the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell is obtained by processing the voltage of the electric pile obtained by the voltage sensor.
The specific calculation formula of the average monolithic voltage is as follows:
ua = U/n; wherein, U is the voltage of the electric pile collected by the voltage sensor, and n is the number of single cells of the fuel cell.
Further, the specific processing method for estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
selecting the current density with the highest occurrence frequency within the appointed time (the recommended time is 5-15 min), obtaining the relation between the anode inlet nitrogen concentration and the average single-chip voltage under the current density with the highest occurrence frequency by using a two-dimensional difference method (such as a linear interpolation algorithm) on the anode inlet nitrogen concentration change characteristic Map, and then estimating the change trend of the anode inlet nitrogen concentration according to the average single-chip voltage change trend under the current density and the relation between the anode inlet nitrogen concentration and the average single-chip voltage.
Further, the specific processing method for using the estimated anode inlet nitrogen concentration of the fuel cell as the basis for the anode purge is as follows:
taking the predicted value of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a condition for triggering the anode purging operation, and performing anode purging operation once when the predicted value of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell reaches a set purging trigger value (the purging trigger value is recommended to be 15-20%).
Compared with the prior art, the fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on the voltage change characteristics has the beneficial effects that: the fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on the voltage change characteristics provides a fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on the voltage change characteristics through an experiment and data analysis method, and estimates the nitrogen concentration of the anode side of a fuel cell according to the voltage change characteristics of a stack. The traditional method for predicting the anode nitrogen concentration of the fuel cell needs a complex control algorithm or additional equipment, and needs to consume additional resources. The invention greatly simplifies the prediction process of the nitrogen concentration, saves resources and provides a basis for the purging control of the fuel cell.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, are included to provide a further understanding of the application, and the description of the exemplary embodiments of the application are intended to be illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for estimating anode nitrogen concentration of a fuel cell stack based on voltage variation characteristics according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of average cell voltage versus anode inlet nitrogen concentration for a fuel cell stack at different current densities in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a Map of a variation characteristic Map of the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention provides a fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage change characteristics, which comprises the following steps:
under the condition that only the anode nitrogen concentration is used as a unique variable, measuring the average voltage of the galvanic pile during operation, repeating the steps after changing the current density of the galvanic pile, and obtaining the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the anode inlet nitrogen concentration under different current densities through data processing;
the procedure of measuring the average voltage of the stack operation with the anode nitrogen concentration as the only variable is as follows:
keeping working parameters of the pile such as cathode and anode gas excess ratio, inlet pressure, humidifier temperature, cooling water inlet temperature and the like unchanged, changing and recording the change condition of the anode inlet nitrogen concentration, and measuring and recording the change condition of the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell;
the data processing method for obtaining the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell stack and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode comprises the following steps:
and obtaining the relation between the average monolithic voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode under different current densities by using the average monolithic voltage as an abscissa and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode as an ordinate through a data fitting method (such as a polynomial fitting method).
Drawing a Map of the change characteristics of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet under different current densities;
the method for drawing the Map of the change characteristic of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration of the anode inlet under different current densities, points with the same current density are connected into a circular line by taking the average single-chip voltage as a horizontal coordinate and taking the nitrogen concentration of the anode inlet as a vertical coordinate, and the circular line is directly projected to a plane to form a horizontal curve, so that a Map of the nitrogen concentration change characteristic of the anode inlet of the fuel cell is obtained.
Presetting a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristics of the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a controller;
acquiring the current density and the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell through a controller, and estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the current density with the highest frequency, the average monolithic voltage variation trend and a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristic at the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a period of time;
the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell is obtained by processing the voltage of the electric pile obtained by the voltage sensor. The specific calculation formula of the average monolithic voltage is as follows:
ua = U/n; wherein, U is the voltage of the electric pile collected by the voltage sensor, and n is the number of single cells of the fuel cell.
The specific processing method for estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell comprises the following steps:
selecting the current density with the highest occurrence frequency within the appointed time (the recommended time is 5-15 min), obtaining the relation between the anode inlet nitrogen concentration and the average single-chip voltage under the current density with the highest occurrence frequency by using a two-dimensional difference method (such as a linear interpolation algorithm) on the anode inlet nitrogen concentration change characteristic Map, and then estimating the change trend of the anode inlet nitrogen concentration according to the average single-chip voltage change trend under the current density and the relation between the anode inlet nitrogen concentration and the average single-chip voltage.
And taking the estimated nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a basis for anode purging.
The specific processing method for taking the estimated nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as the basis of the anode purge comprises the following steps:
taking the predicted value of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a condition for triggering the anode purging operation, and performing anode purging operation once when the predicted value of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell reaches a set purging trigger value (the purging trigger value is recommended to be 15-20%).
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for estimating the anode nitrogen concentration of a stack based on the voltage variation characteristics. The method for estimating the anode nitrogen concentration of the galvanic pile based on the voltage change characteristics in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
under the condition that only the anode nitrogen concentration is taken as a unique variable, measuring the average voltage of the operation of the galvanic pile, repeating the steps after changing the current density of the galvanic pile, and obtaining the relation between the average single-sheet voltage of the galvanic pile and the anode inlet nitrogen concentration under different current densities through data processing;
the average individual sheet voltage of the fuel cell stack at the different current densities is plotted against the anode inlet nitrogen concentration as shown in fig. 2;
drawing a Map of the nitrogen concentration change characteristic of the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration of the anode inlet under different current densities;
the Map of the variation characteristic of the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode of the fuel cell is shown in FIG. 3;
presetting a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristics of the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a controller;
acquiring the current density and the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell through a controller, and estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the current density with the highest frequency, the average monolithic voltage variation trend and a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristics at the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a period of time;
and taking the estimated nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a basis for anode purging.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present application should be covered within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on the voltage change characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
under the condition that only the anode nitrogen concentration is taken as a unique variable, measuring the average voltage of the operation of the galvanic pile, repeating the steps after changing the current density of the galvanic pile, and obtaining the relation between the average single-sheet voltage of the galvanic pile and the anode inlet nitrogen concentration under different current densities through data processing;
drawing a Map of the nitrogen concentration change characteristic of the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration of the anode inlet under different current densities;
presetting a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristics of the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a controller;
acquiring the current density and the average monolithic voltage of the fuel cell through a controller, and estimating the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell according to the current density with the highest frequency, the average monolithic voltage variation trend and a Map of the nitrogen concentration variation characteristic at the anode inlet of the fuel cell in a period of time;
and taking the estimated nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode of the fuel cell as a basis for anode purging.
2. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized by the step of measuring the average voltage of stack operation with only anode nitrogen concentration as a unique variable, and the procedure is as follows:
keeping the working parameters of the pile such as the gas excess ratio of the cathode and the anode, the inlet pressure, the temperature of a humidifier, the temperature of cooling water entering the pile and the like unchanged, changing and recording the change condition of the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode, and measuring and recording the change condition of the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell.
3. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the data processing method for obtaining the relation between the average individual sheet voltage of the fuel cell stack and the anode inlet nitrogen concentration is:
and obtaining the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode under different current densities by a data fitting method (such as a polynomial fitting method) by taking the average single-chip voltage as an abscissa and the nitrogen concentration at the inlet of the anode as an ordinate.
4. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that the fuel cell anode inlet nitrogen concentration variation characteristic Map is plotted as follows:
according to the relation between the average single-chip voltage of the galvanic pile and the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet under different current densities, points with the same current density are connected into a circular line by taking the average single-chip voltage as an abscissa and taking the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet as an ordinate, and the circular line is directly projected to a plane to form a horizontal curve, so that a Map of the nitrogen concentration change characteristic at the anode inlet of the fuel cell is obtained.
5. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein the average single-chip voltage of the fuel cell is obtained by processing a voltage sensor after acquiring a stack voltage.
The specific calculation formula of the average monolithic voltage is as follows:
ua = U/n; wherein, U is the voltage of the electric pile collected by the voltage sensor, and n is the number of single cells of the fuel cell.
6. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific processing method of estimating the fuel cell anode inlet nitrogen concentration is as follows:
selecting the current density with the highest occurrence frequency within the appointed time (the recommended time is 5-15 min), obtaining the relation between the anode inlet nitrogen concentration and the average monolithic voltage under the current density with the highest occurrence frequency by using a two-dimensional difference method (such as a linear interpolation algorithm) on the Map of the anode inlet nitrogen concentration change characteristic, and then estimating the change trend of the anode inlet nitrogen concentration according to the average monolithic voltage change trend under the current density and the relation between the anode inlet nitrogen concentration and the average monolithic voltage.
7. The fuel cell stack anode nitrogen concentration estimation method based on voltage variation characteristics according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific processing method of taking the estimated fuel cell anode inlet nitrogen concentration as a basis for anode purge is:
and taking the predicted value of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell as a condition for triggering the anode purging operation, and performing anode purging operation once when the predicted value of the nitrogen concentration at the anode inlet of the fuel cell reaches a set purging trigger value (the purging trigger value is recommended to be 15-20%).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116093385A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-05-09 | 海卓动力(青岛)能源科技有限公司 | Multi-point voltage-based fuel cell anode nitrogen concentration estimation method |
| CN116231008A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-06-06 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating influence of fuel cell anode nitrogen content on pile performance |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116093385A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-05-09 | 海卓动力(青岛)能源科技有限公司 | Multi-point voltage-based fuel cell anode nitrogen concentration estimation method |
| CN116231008A (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2023-06-06 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating influence of fuel cell anode nitrogen content on pile performance |
| CN116231008B (en) * | 2023-01-19 | 2024-01-30 | 上海氢晨新能源科技有限公司 | Method for evaluating influence of fuel cell anode nitrogen content on pile performance |
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