CN115471059B - Water turbine online economic operation system based on cavitation vibration area planning - Google Patents
Water turbine online economic operation system based on cavitation vibration area planning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning, and belongs to the technical field of economic operation of water turbines. An online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning comprises the steps of performing a vibration area test on each hydropower unit after overhaul is completed, and obtaining an approximate full-head vibration area distribution model; and building an operation condition sample database of each unit by combining the on-line state monitoring system of the hydroelectric unit. According to the application, a full-head vibration area distribution model is acquired, the cavitation erosion state of the water turbine is monitored by utilizing an acoustic emission technology, the flow characteristic curves of units in the cavitation erosion vibration area and the critical operation area are transformed, the flow characteristic curves in the stable operation area are kept unchanged, penalty factors and weight coefficients are applied to reasonably avoid the unit output in the cavitation erosion vibration area and the critical operation area, and finally, the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of economic operation of water turbines, in particular to an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning.
Background
In recent years, with the construction of large-scale hydraulic junction engineering and the sequential construction and production of large and medium-sized hydropower stations, the proportion of hydropower in the whole power grid is larger and larger, and the problems of safety, stability and economical efficiency of the operation of the water turbine are remarkable;
as industry demands for economy of hydropower station operation and management continue to increase, hydropower stations need to be finer and more complex in terms of operation optimization. In addition, the industry advocates to adopt an unattended operation mode, the quality requirements on operators who operate the operators are higher and higher, the operators have limitation on fertility, capacity difference and other factors, the economic operation adjustment of the water turbine unit is difficult to consider after normal monitoring and inspection work, the economic operation adjustment level is uneven, and important data such as the working water head, active power, guide vane opening, unit flow, water consumption rate and the like of the unit are changed in real time when the operation is performed, and the operators have difficulty in carrying out real-time adjustment on the economic operation of the unit according to the discrete data which are changed in real time, so that the mining potential of the economic operation is higher;
therefore, a cavitation erosion monitoring and economic operation analysis system is urgently needed in the power station, an economic optimal operation interval is found on the basis of reasonably avoiding cavitation erosion working conditions and vibration areas, decision support is provided for operators, and the overall safe and economic operation level of the unit is improved;
in view of the above, we propose an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration region planning.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The application aims to provide an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
2. Technical proposal
An online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration region planning, comprising:
carrying out a vibration area test on each hydropower unit after finishing the overhaul to obtain an approximate full-head vibration area distribution model of each unit;
an on-line state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set is combined, and an operation condition sample database of each generating set is built;
analyzing waveform spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission signals and acoustic emission signal parameters of the water turbine in a cavitation state to be characterized, and combining a data fusion technology to obtain a cavitation primary state model;
acquiring daily historical operation data of a hydropower station, and forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydropower unit under different operation conditions;
reasonably avoiding the unit output in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area by using penalty factors and weight coefficients;
establishing an objective function with minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station, and determining constraint conditions;
and finally, the optimal load distribution of each hydroelectric generating set in the cavitation vibration area is realized by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm.
As an alternative scheme of the technical scheme of the application, the approximate full-water head vibration area distribution model is formed by selecting 5-6 groups of water heads from the minimum water head to the maximum water head of the hydropower station for each unit after maintenance is completed to carry out vibration area test, and preliminarily obtaining the approximate full-water head vibration area distribution model of each unit through interpolation fitting operation.
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present application, the vibration area test is used to determine vibration values, swing values, and water pressure pulsation values of each part.
As an alternative scheme of the technical scheme of the application, the full-head vibration area distribution model takes out the working condition that the peak-to-peak value of the measuring point is out of limit for more than 1 time as a cavitation vibration area, which is equal to 1 time as a critical operation area, and no peak-to-peak value of the measuring point is out of limit as a stable operation area.
As an alternative scheme of the file technical scheme, the database stores vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of various measuring point positions of the unit under different operation conditions according to water head and load classification in real time.
As an alternative scheme of the technical scheme of the application, when the online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set recognizes that the fitted approximate full-head vibration area distribution model has larger errors or the samples have certain accumulation and growth, the approximate vibration area model is corrected, and the program automatically carries out fitting calculation again to correct the errors of the previous full-head vibration area distribution model so as to obtain a new high-precision unit full-head vibration area distribution model.
As an alternative scheme of the file technical scheme, an acoustic emission sensor is used for collecting cavitation signals, extracting cavitation characteristic values, detecting cavitation by fusing important auxiliary variables such as unit vibration, water pressure pulsation, water head and other working condition data, and establishing a cavitation erosion primary state model.
As an alternative scheme of the file technical scheme of the application, the output is limited by applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient, the flow characteristic curve of the unit in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area is transformed, the flow characteristic curve of the stable operation area is kept unchanged, and the flow characteristic curve can be expressed as follows by a formula:
wherein: omega is the weight coefficient of the weight coefficient,the magnitude of the penalty factor can be determined according to the cavitation erosion of the water turbine and the specific conditions of the vibration area, omega and +.>The greater the value, the higher the degree of rejection of the load infeasible domain; q (Q) k (N k ) A flow characteristic curve before treatment; q'. k (N k ) In order to limit the output of cavitation vibration area, the penalty factor and weight coefficient are introduced to the flow characteristic curve k The flow rate is Q' k (N k )。
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present application, the objective function aims at the time when the total water consumption of the hydropower station is minimum:
wherein: k is the number of the unit; n is the number of hydropower station units; q'. k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve after the conversion treatment of the cavitation vibration area of the machine set is considered in the characterization, namely after penalty factors and weight factors are introduced under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, when the output of the kth machine set is N k The flow rate is Q' k (N k )；For total load +.>Minimum water consumption at that time; n (N) k (Q k ) The flow rate of the kth unit is Q k Output at that time.
As an alternative scheme of the file technical scheme, the dynamic programming method of successive approximation is adopted to carry out optimization solution on the objective function; when the water head is fixed, taking the number k of the units participating in power generation as a stage variable; the total load of k units is a state variable; the load borne by the kth unit is a decision variable; and (3) taking the working flow of the kth unit as a cost function, and establishing a dynamic planning model.
Namely, the vibration area test is carried out on each unit after the overhaul is finished, and a full-head vibration area distribution model is obtained by combining an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric unit; obtaining a flow characteristic curve of each hydroelectric generating set in the hydropower station according to daily operation data of the hydropower station; monitoring cavitation erosion state of the water turbine by utilizing an acoustic emission technology; reasonably avoiding the unit output in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area by using penalty factors and weight coefficients; and constructing a dynamic programming algorithm by using the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station internal units as an objective function and adopting successive approximation in combination with constraint conditions, and finally realizing optimal load distribution of each hydropower station under the condition of considering cavitation vibration areas.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that:
1. the method comprises the steps of measuring vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of all parts of a unit, acquiring a full-head vibration area distribution model, identifying all full-head vibration area distribution models through a hydroelectric unit on-line state monitoring system, monitoring cavitation erosion states of a water turbine by utilizing an acoustic emission technology, carrying out transformation treatment on unit flow characteristic curves in cavitation erosion vibration areas and critical operation areas, keeping the flow characteristic curves in stable operation areas unchanged, and reasonably avoiding unit output in cavitation erosion vibration areas and critical operation areas by using penalty factors and weight coefficients;
2. the application takes the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station unit during operation as an objective function, namely when the total load required by a working water head and a system is constant, the maximum economic benefit is the minimum water flow consumed by the whole power plant, the optimal value of the objective function of each stage is obtained according to a dynamic programming method in sequence, and the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit is obtained by successive substitution in reverse sequence.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present application.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a technical solution:
an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration region planning, comprising:
carrying out a vibration area test on each hydropower unit after finishing the overhaul to obtain an approximate full-head vibration area distribution model;
an on-line state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set is combined, and an operation condition sample database of each generating set is built;
analyzing waveform spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission signals and acoustic emission signal parameters of the water turbine in a cavitation state to be characterized, and combining a data fusion technology to obtain a cavitation primary state model;
acquiring daily historical operation data of a hydropower station, and forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydropower unit under different operation conditions;
reasonably avoiding the unit output in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area by using penalty factors and weight coefficients;
establishing an objective function with minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station, and determining constraint conditions;
adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm to finally realize optimal load distribution of each hydroelectric generating set in a cavitation vibration area;
according to the technical scheme, vibration area tests are carried out on each unit after overhaul, a full-head vibration area model is obtained by combining an on-line state monitoring system of the hydroelectric units, a flow characteristic curve of each hydroelectric unit in the hydropower station is obtained according to daily operation data of the hydropower station, and cavitation erosion states of the water turbines are monitored by utilizing an acoustic emission technology.
Specifically, the application provides an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning, which comprises the following steps:
step one: in the initial stage of system operation, selecting 5-6 groups of water heads from the minimum water head to the maximum water head of the hydropower station for vibration area test on each unit after finishing overhaul, and measuring vibration values of the positions of an upper frame, a lower frame, a top cover, a stator frame and the like of the unit;
the swing value of the upper guide bearing, the lower guide bearing, the water guide bearing and other parts; the pressure pulsation value of the water pressure at the inlet of the volute and the inlet of the draft tube is used for determining the peak-to-peak value out-of-limit working condition areas of each measuring point;
comprehensively considering out-of-limit working condition areas of all measuring points, wherein the out-of-limit working condition times of peak and peak values of the measuring points are greater than 1 time and are cavitation vibration areas, and the working condition times are equal to 1 time and are critical operation areas, and the out-of-limit working condition areas of peak and peak values of the measuring points are no-of-limit working condition areas of the measuring points are stable operation areas;
and the approximate full-head vibration area distribution model of each unit is preliminarily obtained through interpolation fitting operation.
Step two: the method comprises the steps of combining an online state monitoring system of a hydroelectric generating set, building an operation condition sample database of each generating set, and storing vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of measuring point positions of the generating set under different operation conditions in real time according to water head and load classification;
when the system recognizes that the fitted approximate full-head vibration area distribution model has larger errors or the samples have certain accumulation and growth, the program automatically carries out fitting calculation again to correct the errors of the previous model, and a new set full-head vibration area distribution model with higher precision is obtained.
Step three: the acoustic emission sensor is arranged at the upper pipe wall and the lower pipe wall of the draft tube access door of the hydroelectric generating set, which are easy to generate cavitation and have good measuring effect;
the acoustic emission signals are collected in real time, the acoustic emission signal waveform spectrum characteristic and the acoustic emission signal parameter characteristic of the water turbine in the cavitation state are analyzed, and the cavitation corrosion primary state model is obtained by means of important auxiliary variables such as unit top cover vibration, water pressure pulsation, water head, downstream water level, large shaft air supplement amount and other working condition data.
Step four: the method comprises the steps of obtaining output power of each unit in a hydropower station when different water heads and different power generation flows are used for forming flow characteristic curves of each hydropower unit under different operation conditions, limiting output by applying punishment factors and weight coefficients, carrying out transformation processing on unit flow characteristic curves in cavitation vibration areas and critical operation areas, and keeping the flow characteristic curves in stable operation areas unchanged, wherein the flow characteristic curves in stable operation areas can be expressed as follows by a formula:
wherein: omega is the weight coefficient of the weight coefficient,the magnitude of the penalty factor can be determined according to the specific conditions of cavitation vibration area of the water turbine, omega and +.>The greater the value, the higher the degree of rejection of the load infeasible domain;
Q k (N k ) A flow characteristic curve before treatment; q'. k (N k ) In order to limit the output of cavitation vibration area, the penalty factor and weight coefficient are introduced to the flow characteristic curve k The flow rate is Q' k (N k )。
Step five: the construction takes the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station unit during operation as an objective function, namely when the total load required by a working water head and a system is constant, the objective of the maximum economic benefit is that the water flow consumed by the whole power plant is minimum.
The objective function aims at the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station:
wherein: k is the number of the unit; n is the number of hydropower station units; q'. k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve after the conversion treatment of the cavitation vibration area of the machine set is considered in the characterization, namely after penalty factors and weight factors are introduced under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, when the output of the kth machine set is N k The flow rate is Q' k (N k )；For total load +.>Minimum water consumption at that time; n (N) k (Q k ) The flow rate of the kth unit is Q k Output at that time.
Step six: optimizing and solving an objective function by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming method;
when the water head is fixed, taking the number k (k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) of the units participating in power generation as a stage variable;
total load of k unitsIs a state variable;
load N borne by kth unit k Is a decision variable;
and (3) taking the working flow of the kth unit as a cost function, and establishing a dynamic planning model.
(1) Objective function:
(2) and recursively calculating a system of equations:
(3) constraint conditions:
wherein:for total load +.>Minimum water consumption at that time; q'. k (N k ) Characterization considerationsFlow characteristic curve after cavitation vibration region, namely after penalty factor and weight coefficient are introduced under cavitation vibration region condition, when output is N k The flow rate is Q' k ；N k Load borne by the kth unit; />The total load of the machine sets is 1 to (k-1); />For total load +.>Load N borne by kth unit k Minimum water consumption of the optimal distribution result in the k-1 stage; />Is a boundary condition, i.e. the consumed flow before the initial phase is 0; n (N) kmin The lower limit of the output of the kth unit; n (N) kmax The upper limit of the output force of the kth unit; n (N) k (Q k ) The flow rate of the kth unit is Q k Output at that time.
The specific solving idea is as follows: according to a dynamic programming method, along time sequence, calculating the optimal value of the objective function of each stage;
and obtaining the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit through successive substitution of the reverse time sequence.
1) The specific method for obtaining the minimum water consumption along the time sequence is as follows:
first, state variables are changedDecision variable N k Discretization, when k=1, +.> i is the number of discrete state variable data, m is the discrete state changeThe quantity number j is the number of the discrete decision variable data, and t is the number of the discrete decision variable.
Because only one unit is started to operate, the device canThe optimum value of the objective function at this stage isOptimal decision is +.>When the phase variable 2.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.n, the state variable is also discretized into a number of data points, +.>Discretizing the decision variable into several data points +.> i is the number of the discrete state variables, m is the number of the discrete state variables, j is the number of the discrete decision variables, and t is the number of the discrete decision variables.
For any state variableAt->Under the condition, a dynamic programming sequential recurrence equation is applied:the optimum value of the objective function at this stage can be obtained +.>Optimal decision->
2) The optimal load distribution scheme of each unit is obtained by successive substitution of the reverse time sequence: obtaining an optimal value of an objective function in an nth stage through dynamic programming sequential recursive processOptimal decision->I.e. the load borne by the nth unit, is determined by the state transition equation +.>The optimal value of the objective function in the n-1 stage can be obtainedOptimal decision->I.e. the load borne by the n-1 th unit.
And successively carrying out the back substitution until the first stage, and finally obtaining the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit in the hydropower station.
Claims (3)
1. An online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning, which is characterized by comprising:
carrying out a vibration area test on each hydropower unit after finishing the overhaul to obtain an approximate full-head vibration area distribution model of each unit;
an on-line state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set is combined, and an operation condition sample database of each generating set is built;
analyzing waveform spectrum characteristics of acoustic emission signals and acoustic emission signal parameters of the water turbine in a cavitation state to be characterized, and combining a data fusion technology to obtain a cavitation primary state model;
acquiring daily historical operation data of a hydropower station, and forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydropower unit under different operation conditions;
reasonably avoiding the unit output in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area by using penalty factors and weight coefficients;
establishing an objective function with minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station, and determining constraint conditions;
adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm to finally realize optimal load distribution of each hydroelectric generating set in a cavitation vibration area;
the approximate full-water head vibration area distribution model is used for carrying out a vibration area test by selecting 5-6 groups of water heads from the minimum water head to the maximum water head of the hydropower station for each unit after maintenance is completed, and the approximate full-water head vibration area distribution model of each unit is preliminarily obtained through interpolation fitting operation;
the vibration area test is used for measuring vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of all parts of the hydroelectric generating set;
the full-head vibration area distribution model takes the working condition that the number of times of measuring point peak-to-peak value out-of-limit is greater than 1 time as a cavitation vibration area, and is equal to 1 time as a critical operation area, and no measuring point peak-to-peak value out-of-limit is as a stable operation area;
the database stores vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of each measuring point part of the unit under different operation conditions in real time according to the classification of the water head and the load;
when the online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set recognizes that the fitted approximate full-head vibration area distribution model has larger errors or the samples have certain accumulation and increase and exceed the range, the approximate vibration area model is corrected, and the program automatically carries out fitting calculation again to correct the errors of the previous full-head vibration area distribution model so as to obtain a new high-precision unit full-head vibration area distribution model;
collecting cavitation signals by utilizing an acoustic emission sensor, extracting cavitation characteristic values, detecting cavitation by combining important auxiliary variables of unit vibration, water pressure pulsation and water head, and establishing a cavitation initial state model;
the output is limited by using a punishment factor and a weight coefficient, the flow characteristic curve of the unit in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area is transformed, the flow characteristic curve of the stable operation area is kept unchanged, and the flow characteristic curve can be expressed as follows by a formula:
wherein: omega is the weight coefficient of the weight coefficient,the magnitude of the penalty factor can be determined according to the specific conditions of cavitation vibration area of the water turbine, omega and +.>The greater the value, the higher the degree of rejection of the load infeasible domain; q (Q) k (N k ) A flow characteristic curve before treatment; q'. k (N k ) In order to limit the output of cavitation vibration area, the penalty factor and weight coefficient are introduced to the flow characteristic curve k The flow rate is Q' k (N k )。
2. The on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning of claim 1, wherein:
the objective function aims at the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station:
wherein: k is the number of the unit; n is the number of hydropower station units; q'. k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve after the conversion treatment of the cavitation vibration area of the machine set is considered in the characterization, namely after penalty factors and weight factors are introduced under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, when the output of the kth machine set is N k The flow rate is Q' k (N k )；For total load +.>Minimum water consumption at that time; n (N) k (Q k ) The flow rate of the kth unit is Q k Output at that time.
3. The on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning of claim 1, wherein:
the dynamic programming method adopting successive approximation is adopted to carry out optimization solution on the objective function;
when the water head is fixed, taking the number k of the units participating in power generation as a stage variable;
the total load of k units is a state variable;
the load borne by the kth unit is a decision variable;
and (3) taking the working flow of the kth unit as a cost function, and establishing a dynamic planning model.
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