CN115471059A - Water turbine online economic operation system based on cavitation erosion vibration area planning - Google Patents
Water turbine online economic operation system based on cavitation erosion vibration area planning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water turbine online economic operation system based on cavitation vibration region planning, and belongs to the technical field of water turbine economic operation. An online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation erosion vibration region planning comprises a vibration region test for each hydroelectric generating set after overhaul is completed, and a vibration region distribution model approximate to a full water head is obtained; and establishing a sample database of the operation condition of each unit by combining the online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating unit. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a distribution model of a full water head vibration area, monitoring the cavitation and cavitation erosion state of a water turbine by using an acoustic emission technology, carrying out conversion processing on flow characteristic curves of units in the cavitation and cavitation erosion vibration area and a critical operation area, keeping the flow characteristic curve of the stable operation area unchanged, reasonably avoiding the output of the units in the cavitation and erosion vibration area and the critical operation area by applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient, and finally obtaining the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of economic operation of water turbines, in particular to an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration area planning.
Background
In recent years, with the construction of large hydro-junction projects and the successive construction and production of large and medium hydropower stations, the proportion of hydropower in the whole power grid is larger and larger, and the problems of the safety, the stability and the economical efficiency of the operation of a water turbine are obvious day by day;
with the increasing economic requirements of the industry on the operation and management of hydropower stations, the hydropower stations need to be more elaborate and complex in terms of operational optimization. In addition, the industry advocates the adoption of an operation mode of 'unattended operation and little person watching', the quality requirement on an operation attendant is higher and higher, the factors such as fertility and capacity difference of the attendant are limited, the economic operation adjustment of the water turbine unit is difficult to be considered after normal supervision and inspection work, the economic operation adjustment level is uneven, important data such as a working water head, active power, guide vane opening, unit flow, water consumption rate and the like of the added unit are changed in real time during operation, the attendant difficultly performs real-time adjustment on the economic operation of the unit according to the discrete data with real-time change, and the mining potential in the aspect of economic operation is higher;
therefore, a cavitation erosion monitoring and economic operation analysis system is urgently needed for the power station, an economic optimal operation interval is found on the basis of reasonably avoiding cavitation erosion working conditions and vibration areas, decision support is provided for operation personnel, and the overall safe and economic operation level of the unit is improved;
in view of the above, an online economic operation system of the water turbine based on cavitation vibration region planning is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide an online economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration region planning, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
2. Technical scheme
An on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning, comprising:
performing a vibration region test on each hydroelectric generating set after overhaul to obtain a distribution model of the approximate full head vibration region of each generating set;
building a sample database of the operation condition of each unit by combining an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating unit;
analyzing the waveform frequency spectrum characteristics and acoustic emission signal parameters of the acoustic emission signal of the water turbine in the cavitation state, and combining a data fusion technology to obtain a model of the cavitation initial state;
acquiring daily historical operating data of the hydropower station, and forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydropower unit under different operating conditions;
applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient to reasonably avoid the unit output in a cavitation vibration area and a critical operation area;
establishing an objective function when the total water consumption of the hydropower station is minimum, and determining a constraint condition;
and finally realizing the optimal load distribution of each hydroelectric generating set in the cavitation vibration area by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm.
As an alternative scheme of the technical scheme of the application, the approximate full-head vibration area distribution model is obtained by selecting 5-6 groups of water heads from the minimum head to the maximum head of the hydropower station for vibration area test of each unit after overhaul is completed, and preliminarily obtaining the approximate full-head vibration area distribution model of each unit through interpolation fitting operation.
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present document, the vibration region test is used to measure a vibration value, a swing value, and a water pressure pulsation value of each portion.
As an alternative of the technical scheme of the application, the frequency of the over-limit working condition of the peak value of the measuring point of the distribution model of the full water head vibration area is greater than 1 time, the over-limit working condition is a cavitation vibration area, the over-limit working condition is equal to 1 time, the critical operation area is obtained, and the over-limit working condition of the peak value of the non-measuring point is a stable area operation area.
As an alternative scheme of the technical scheme of the application, the database stores vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of all measuring points of the unit under different operating conditions in real time according to water head and load classification.
As an alternative scheme of the technical scheme of the application, when the online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set identifies that a fitted approximate full-head vibration area distribution model has a large error, or a sample has a certain accumulation growth and exceeds a range, the approximate vibration area model is corrected, and a program automatically carries out fitting calculation again to correct the error of the previous full-head vibration area distribution model so as to obtain a new higher-precision unit full-head vibration area distribution model.
As an alternative of the technical scheme of the application, the acoustic emission sensor is used for collecting cavitation signals, extracting cavitation characteristic values, fusing important auxiliary variables such as unit vibration, water pressure pulsation, water head and other working condition data to detect cavitation, and establishing a model of cavitation initial state.
As an alternative of the technical solution of the present application, a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are applied to limit the output, the flow characteristic curves of the unit in the cavitation vibration region and the critical operation region are transformed, the flow characteristic curve in the stable operation region remains unchanged, and the formula can be expressed as follows:
in the formula: omega is a weight coefficient, and the weight coefficient,
the size of the penalty factor can be determined according to the specific conditions of the cavitation erosion and the vibration area of the water turbine, omega,
The larger the value is, the higher the degree of rejecting the load infeasible domain is; q k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve before treatment; q' k (N k ) In order to limit the output of the cavitation vibration area, namely, under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output of the k-th unit is N k At a time flow of Q' k (N k )。
As an alternative to the technical solution of the present document, the objective function targets when the total water consumption of the hydropower station is minimum:
in the formula: k is the unit number; n is the number of hydropower station units; q' k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve of the unit subjected to conversion treatment in the cavitation vibration area is considered in the characterization, namely under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output of the k-th unit is N k At a time flow of Q' k (N k )；
As a total load of
Minimum water consumption in hours; n is a radical of k (Q k ) For the k-th unit with flow rate of Q k The force applied.
As an alternative of the technical scheme of the application, the objective function is optimized and solved by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming method; when the water head is fixed, taking the number k of the units participating in power generation as a stage variable; the total load of the k sets is a state variable; the load borne by the kth unit is a decision variable; and establishing a dynamic planning model by taking the working flow of the kth unit as a cost function.
Namely, the vibration area test is carried out on each unit after overhaul, and a full water head vibration area distribution model is obtained by combining with an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set; obtaining a flow characteristic curve of each hydroelectric generating set in the station according to daily operation data of the hydroelectric generating set; monitoring the cavitation state of the water turbine by using an acoustic emission technology; applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient to reasonably avoid the unit output in a cavitation vibration area and a critical operation area; the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station internal unit during operation is used as an objective function, a constraint condition is combined, a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm is adopted, and the optimal load distribution of each hydropower station unit under the condition of considering the cavitation vibration area is finally realized.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the method comprises the steps of measuring vibration values, oscillation values and water pressure pulsation values of all parts of a unit, acquiring a distribution model of a full-head vibration area, identifying the distribution model of the full-head vibration area through an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set, monitoring the cavitation corrosion state of a water turbine by using an acoustic emission technology, transforming flow characteristic curves of the unit in the cavitation vibration area and a critical operation area, keeping the flow characteristic curve of the stable operation area unchanged, and reasonably avoiding the output of the unit in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area by applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient;
2. the method comprises the steps of constructing a target function which takes the minimum total water consumption when the unit of the hydropower station operates as a target, namely when the working water head and the total load required by the system are constant, the target with the maximum economic benefit is the minimum water flow consumed by the whole power plant, sequentially solving the optimal value of the target function at each stage according to a dynamic planning method, and sequentially solving the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit in a reverse time sequence.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present application.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution:
an on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning, comprising:
performing a vibration region test on each hydroelectric generating set after overhaul to obtain an approximate full water head vibration region distribution model;
building a sample database of the operation condition of each unit by combining an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating unit;
analyzing the waveform frequency spectrum characteristics and acoustic emission signal parameters of the acoustic emission signal of the water turbine in the cavitation state, and combining a data fusion technology to obtain a model of the cavitation initial state;
acquiring daily historical operation data of the hydropower station, and forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydropower unit under different operation conditions;
applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient to reasonably avoid the unit output in a cavitation vibration area and a critical operation area;
establishing an objective function when the total water consumption of the hydropower station is minimum, and determining a constraint condition;
finally, the optimal load distribution of each hydroelectric generating set in the cavitation vibration region is realized by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm;
in the technical scheme, vibration area tests are carried out on each unit after overhaul, a full-head vibration area distribution model is obtained by combining an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating sets, a flow characteristic curve of each hydroelectric generating set in the station is obtained according to daily operation data of the hydroelectric generating set, and the cavitation and cavitation state of the water turbine is monitored by using an acoustic emission technology.
Specifically, the invention provides a water turbine online economic operation system based on cavitation vibration region planning, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: in the initial stage of system operation, 5-6 water heads are selected from each unit after overhaul from the minimum water head to the maximum water head of the hydropower station for vibration region test, and vibration values of upper frame, lower frame, top cover, stator base and other parts of the unit are measured;
the pendulum values of the upper guide bearing, the lower guide bearing, the water guide bearing and other parts; determining the out-of-limit working condition area of peak value of each measuring point according to the water pressure pulsation values of the volute inlet and the draft tube inlet;
comprehensively considering the out-of-limit working condition area of each measuring point, taking the number of times that the peak value of the measuring point is out of limit working condition more than 1 time as a cavitation vibration area, taking the number of times that the peak value of the measuring point is out of limit working condition equal to 1 time as a critical operation area, and taking the out-of-limit peak value of the non-measuring point as a stable area operation area;
and preliminarily obtaining a full water head vibration area distribution model approximate to each unit through interpolation fitting operation.
Step two: establishing a sample database of the operation working conditions of each unit by combining an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set, and storing the vibration value, the swing value and the water pressure pulsation value of each measuring point position of the unit under different operation working conditions in real time according to water head and load classification;
when the system identifies that the fitted approximate full-head vibration area distribution model has a large error or the samples have certain accumulation and growth, the program automatically carries out fitting calculation again to correct the error of the previous model, and a new higher-precision unit full-head vibration area distribution model is obtained.
Step three: acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the upper pipe wall and the lower pipe wall of a draft tube access door of the hydroelectric generating set, which are easy to cavitate and have a good measuring effect;
the acoustic emission signals are collected in real time, the waveform frequency spectrum characteristics and the acoustic emission signal parameter characteristics of the acoustic emission signals of the water turbine in the cavitation state are analyzed, and a model of the cavitation erosion initial state is obtained by means of important auxiliary variables such as unit top cover vibration, water pressure pulsation, a water head, a downstream water level, a large shaft air supplement amount and other working condition data.
Step four: the method comprises the following steps of obtaining output power of each unit in the hydropower station under different water heads and different power generation flows, forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydroelectric unit under different operation conditions, limiting output by applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient, and carrying out conversion processing on the flow characteristic curves of the units in a cavitation vibration area and a critical operation area, wherein the flow characteristic curve of a stable operation area is kept unchanged and can be represented by a formula:
in the formula: omega is a weight coefficient, and the weight coefficient,
the size of the penalty factor can be determined according to the concrete conditions of the cavitation vibration area of the water turbine, omega,
The larger the value is, the higher the degree of rejecting the load infeasible domain is;
Q k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve before treatment; q' k (N k ) In order to limit the output of the cavitation vibration area, namely under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output of the k-th unit is N k The time flow is Q' k (N k )。
Step five: the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station unit during operation is used as an objective function, namely when the working water head and the total load required by the system are constant, the objective of the maximum economic benefit is that the water flow consumed by the whole power plant is minimum.
The objective function targets when the total water consumption of the hydropower station is minimum:
in the formula: k is the unit number; n is the number of hydropower station units; q' k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve of the unit subjected to conversion treatment in the cavitation vibration area is considered in the characterization, namely under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output of the k-th unit is N k The time flow is Q' k (N k )；
As a total load of
Minimum water consumption in hours; n is a radical of hydrogen k (Q k ) For the k-th unit with flow rate of Q k Force applied in time.
Step six: optimizing and solving the objective function by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming method;
when the water head is constant, taking the number k (k is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n) of the units participating in power generation as a stage variable;
total load of k units
Is a state variable;
load N borne by kth unit k Is a decision variable;
and establishing a dynamic planning model by taking the working flow of the kth unit as a cost function.
(1) An objective function:
(2) a set of recursive equations:
(3) constraint conditions are as follows:
in the formula:
as a total load of
Minimum water consumption in hours; q' k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve after the cavitation vibration area is considered is characterized, namely under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output is N k The time flow is Q' k ；N k Load borne for kth unit；
The total load of the units from number 1 to number (k-1);
as a total load of
The kth unit bears a load N k The minimum water consumption of the optimal distribution result in the later k-1 stage;
a boundary condition, that is, the consumed flow is 0 before the initial stage; n is a radical of kmin The output lower limit of the kth unit; n is a radical of hydrogen kmax The output upper limit of the kth set is set; n is a radical of k (Q k ) For the kth unit with a flow of Q k The force applied.
The specific solving idea is as follows: solving the optimal value of the objective function of each stage according to the sequence of a dynamic programming method;
and the reverse time sequence obtains the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit through successive back generations.
1) The specific method for obtaining the minimum water consumption in sequence is as follows:
firstly, the state variable is changed
Decision variable N k Discretizing, when k =1,
i is the number of discrete state variable data, m is the number of discrete state variables, j is the number of discrete decision variable data, and t is the number of discrete decision variables.
Because only one unit is started to operate, the system has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and high reliability
The optimal value of the objective function at this stage is
The optimal decision is
When the phase variable 2 is more than or equal to k and less than or equal to n, the state variable is also dispersed into a plurality of data points,
discretizing a decision variable into a number of data points
i is the number of discrete state variable data, m is the number of discrete state variables, j is the number of discrete decision variable data, and t is the number of discrete decision variables.
For any state variable
In that
Under the condition, applying a dynamic programming sequential recursion equation:
the optimal value of the objective function at this stage can be obtained
Optimal decision
2) And (3) solving the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit by successive back substitution of the inverse time sequence: obtaining the optimal value of the objective function of the nth stage through the dynamic programming sequential recursion process
Optimal decision
I.e. after the load borne by the nth unit, by the state transfer equation
The optimal value of the objective function in the (n-1) th stage can be obtained
Optimal decision
I.e. the load borne by the (n-1) th unit.
And successively carrying out back substitution until the first stage, and finally obtaining the optimal load distribution scheme of each unit in the hydropower station.
Claims (10)
1. An on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning, comprising:
performing a vibration region test on each hydroelectric generating set after overhaul to obtain a vibration region distribution model of each generating set approximate to a full water head;
building a sample database of the operation condition of each unit by combining an online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set;
analyzing the waveform frequency spectrum characteristics and acoustic emission signal parameters of the acoustic emission signal of the water turbine in the cavitation state, and combining a data fusion technology to obtain a model of the cavitation initial state;
acquiring daily historical operating data of the hydropower station, and forming a flow characteristic curve of each hydropower unit under different operating conditions;
applying a penalty factor and a weight coefficient to reasonably avoid the unit output in a cavitation vibration area and a critical operation area;
establishing an objective function when the total water consumption of the hydropower station is minimum, and determining a constraint condition;
and finally realizing the optimal load distribution of each hydroelectric generating set in the cavitation vibration area by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming algorithm.
2. The on-line economic operation system of the water turbine based on the cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the approximate full-head vibration area distribution model is characterized in that 5-6 groups of water heads are selected from the minimum water head to the maximum water head of the hydropower station for vibration area test of each unit after overhaul is completed, and the approximate full-head vibration area distribution model of each unit is preliminarily obtained through interpolation fitting operation.
3. The on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the vibration region test is used for measuring vibration values, pendulum values and water pressure pulsation values of all parts of the hydroelectric generating set.
4. The cavitation vibration region planning-based water turbine on-line economic operation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the frequency of the over-limit working condition of the peak value of the measuring point of the distribution model of the full water head vibration area is greater than 1 time, the distribution model of the full water head vibration area is a cavitation vibration area, the frequency of the over-limit working condition of the peak value of the measuring point is equal to 1 time, the distribution model of the full water head vibration area is a critical operation area, and the over-limit working condition of the peak value of the non-measuring point is a stable area.
5. The on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the database stores vibration values, swing values and water pressure pulsation values of all measuring point positions of the unit under different operating conditions in real time according to water head and load classification.
6. The on-line economic operation system of the water turbine based on the cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the online state monitoring system of the hydroelectric generating set identifies that a fitted approximate full-head vibration area distribution model has a large error, or a sample has a certain accumulated increase and exceeds the range, the approximate vibration area model is corrected, and a program automatically carries out fitting calculation again to correct the error of the previous full-head vibration area distribution model so as to obtain a new higher-precision unit full-head vibration area distribution model.
7. The on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the acoustic emission sensor is used for collecting cavitation signals, extracting cavitation characteristic values, fusing important auxiliary variables such as unit vibration, water pressure pulsation, water head and other working condition data and the like to detect cavitation, and establishing a model of a cavitation initial state.
8. The on-line economic operation system of the water turbine based on the cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the punishment factor and the weight coefficient are applied to limit the output, the flow characteristic curves of the unit in the cavitation vibration area and the critical operation area are transformed, the flow characteristic curve of the stable operation area is kept unchanged, and the formula can be expressed as follows:
in the formula: omega is a weight coefficient, and the weight coefficient,
the size of the penalty factor can be determined according to the concrete conditions of the cavitation vibration area of the water turbine, omega,
The larger the value is, the higher the degree of rejecting the load infeasible domain is; q k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve before treatment; q' k (N k ) In order to limit the output of the cavitation vibration area, namely, under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output of the k-th unit is N k At a flow rate ofQ' k (N k )。
9. The on-line economic operation system of the water turbine based on the cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the objective function takes the minimum total water consumption of the hydropower station as a target:
in the formula: k is the unit number; n is the number of hydropower station units; q' k (N k ) The flow characteristic curve of the unit subjected to conversion treatment in the cavitation vibration area is considered in the characterization, namely under the condition of the cavitation vibration area, after a penalty factor and a weight coefficient are introduced, when the output of the k-th unit is N k The time flow is Q' k (N k )；
As a total load of
Minimum water consumption in hours; n is a radical of hydrogen k (Q k ) For the k-th unit with flow rate of Q k Force applied in time.
10. The on-line economic operation system of a water turbine based on cavitation vibration zone planning as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the objective function is optimized and solved by adopting a successive approximation dynamic programming method;
when the water head is fixed, taking the number k of the units participating in power generation as a stage variable;
the total load of the k units is a state variable;
the load borne by the kth unit is a decision variable;
and establishing a dynamic planning model by taking the working flow of the kth unit as a cost function.
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