CN115469196A - Optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of transformer bushing - Google Patents
Optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of transformer bushing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115469196A CN115469196A CN202211135949.3A CN202211135949A CN115469196A CN 115469196 A CN115469196 A CN 115469196A CN 202211135949 A CN202211135949 A CN 202211135949A CN 115469196 A CN115469196 A CN 115469196A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber interference ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of a transformer bushing.A light emitted by a laser enters a 1 multiplied by 2 fiber coupler through an optical isolator to divide the light into two paths; one path of the sensing light is sensing light, enters the sensing optical fiber through the optical fiber circulator, is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator under the action of the Bragg fiber grating and then is transmitted out; the other path of the reference light is output by a reference optical fiber and generates a fixed frequency shift under the action of an acousto-optic modulator; then, the sensing light and the reference light are collected in the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler and generate interference light to be collected by the balanced photoelectric detector, the interference light is demodulated by the signal demodulation module and then sent to the high-pass filter to filter out low-frequency signals, and the remaining high-frequency signals are output to the upper computer as final detection signal results to be displayed. The invention has simple structure, easy design realization, simple and convenient operation and high sensitivity in the sleeve partial discharge ultrasonic frequency band, and provides a reliable and effective ultrasonic sensing detection method for sleeve partial discharge detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of a transformer bushing.
Background
The bushing is an insulator used for penetrating a live conductor, is used as an important insulating material, is mainly built in power equipment such as transformers, reactors, circuit breakers and the like and walls, bears the functions of insulating against the ground, supporting and carrying current, and is widely applied. The insulation level of the bushing is relevant for stable operation of the high-voltage electrical equipment, but in the past, insulation failure of the bushing occurred. According to statistics, in the transformer fault accident alone, the insulation fault of the sleeve occupies about 30 percent.
One of the obvious characterizations of a casing insulation fault is the occurrence of a partial discharge at the casing insulation defect. During the process of generating partial discharge, ultrasonic signals are released at the insulation defect of the sleeve. Therefore, the ultrasonic signal can be detected as a basis for judging the insulation state level of the sleeve.
In the conventional local discharge acoustic wave method, a piezoelectric ceramic sensor is generally used to detect an acoustic wave generated by a local discharge by being closely attached to the outside of an electrical device. However, due to the limitation of piezoelectric ceramics, this method is seriously affected by electromagnetic interference and is easily affected by electromagnetic environment, and the piezoelectric ceramic sensor has low sensitivity and poor partial discharge detection effect.
With the cross fusion between disciplines, the optical fiber sensing means is widely applied to the field of state monitoring. The interference type optical fiber ultrasonic sensor has the characteristics of good insulating property, excellent anti-electromagnetic interference property, high sensitivity, flexible installation mode and the like, and is an excellent detection mode for the sleeve insulation fault partial discharge ultrasonic signal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of a transformer bushing.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of a transformer bushing comprises a laser, an optical isolator, a 1 x 2 fiber coupler, a fiber circulator, a sensing fiber, a reference fiber, an acousto-optic modulator, a 2 x 2 fiber coupler, a balanced photoelectric detector, a signal adjusting module, a high-pass filter and an upper computer; the light emitted by the laser enters the 1 × 2 fiber coupler through the optical isolator, and the 1 × 2 fiber coupler divides the light into two paths; one path of light is sensing light, and after entering the sensing optical fiber through the optical fiber circulator, the light is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator under the action of a Bragg optical fiber grating embedded at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber and then is transmitted out; the other path of the reference light is output by the reference optical fiber and generates a fixed frequency shift under the action of the acousto-optic modulator; then, the sensing light and the reference light are collected in the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler and generate interference light; the interference light is collected by the balance photoelectric detector, demodulated by the signal demodulation module and then sent to the high-pass filter to filter out low-frequency signals, and the remaining high-frequency signals are output to the upper computer to be displayed as final detection signal results.
Furthermore, the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing also comprises a high-sensitivity sensing element; the high-sensitivity sensing element comprises a mandrel and the sensing optical fiber tightly wound on the mandrel, and the tail end of the sensing optical fiber is embedded into the Bragg fiber grating.
Furthermore, in the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing, the mandrel is a circular truncated cone; the sensing optical fiber is wound on the mandrel from bottom to top, and the tail end of the sensing optical fiber is located on the top surface of the circular truncated cone.
Furthermore, in the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing, the mandrel is made of polyvinylidene fluoride; the radius of the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone is 20mm, the radius of the top surface of the circular truncated cone is 5mm, and the height of the circular truncated cone is 40mm.
Furthermore, the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing comprises a first channel, a second channel and a third channel; the sensing light enters the optical fiber circulator from the first channel, enters the high-sensitivity sensing element through the second channel, is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator under the action of the Bragg fiber grating embedded at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber, and is transmitted out from the third channel.
Further, according to the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor with the partial discharge of the transformer bushing, the laser adopts an RIO narrow-line-width laser source, the optical power of the RIO narrow-line-width laser source is 20mW, and the line width of the RIO narrow-line-width laser source is 2.9kHz.
Furthermore, in the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor with partial discharge of the transformer bushing, the two paths of output signals of the 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler (3) respectively have the intensity ratio of 50.0% ± 0.5%.
Further, according to the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing, the surface of the mandrel is coated with ultraviolet light curing adhesive glue with a high ultrasonic coupling coefficient, and the glue is cured after ultraviolet light irradiation, so that the sensing optical fiber and the mandrel are kept in a fit state.
Furthermore, the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing is an STBR series free space acousto-optic modulator with radio frequency drive.
Furthermore, in the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing, the length of the Bragg optical fiber grating is 20mm, and the reflection wavelength is 1550nm.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
1. the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy design realization, simple and convenient operation and high sensitivity in the sleeve partial discharge ultrasonic frequency band, and provides a reliable and effective ultrasonic sensing detection method for sleeve partial discharge detection.
2. The high-sensitivity sensing element of the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor provided by the invention adopts the polyvinylidene fluoride core shaft, the resonant frequency and the frequency response bandwidth of the core shaft are similar to the frequency of the sleeve local discharge ultrasonic signal, and the resonance sound absorption principle is satisfied. And the mandrel structure is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, when the partial discharge ultrasonic wave is transmitted to the high-sensitivity sensing element, most of the ultrasonic signal is absorbed by the high-sensitivity sensing element, and generates resonance with the polyvinylidene fluoride mandrel to excite the sensing element to vibrate, so that the amplitude of the sensing element reaches the maximum.
3. The high-sensitivity sensing element of the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor is manufactured by a method that a single-mode bare optical fiber is spirally wound on a mandrel to form a multi-turn coil, so that a long-distance sensing optical fiber is converged at one position, a sensing section of the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor is lengthened, a Bragg reflection grating at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber coil is matched, the length of the sensing optical fiber is shortened, reflected return light is utilized, ultrasonic vibration is sensed at the position of the sensing element again, and high-sensitivity sensing of partial discharge ultrasonic signals is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-sensitivity optical fiber sensing element of the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a bragg fiber grating embedded in the end of a sensing fiber of the optical fiber interferometric ultrasonic sensor provided by the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: the device comprises a 1-laser, a 2-optical isolator, a 3-1 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a 4-reference optical fiber, a 5-acousto-optic modulator, a 6-optical fiber circulator, a 7-high-sensitivity sensing element, an 8-2 x 2 optical fiber coupler, a 9-balance photoelectric detector, a 10-signal demodulation module, an 11-high-pass filter, a 12-upper computer, a 13-sensing optical fiber, a 14-sensing optical fiber tail end, a 15-mandrel and a 16-Bragg optical fiber grating.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
in the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more; the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be constructed in a particular manner of operation, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as appropriate to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor provided by the present invention. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor comprises a laser 1, an optical isolator 2, a 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler 3, an optical fiber circulator 6, a sensing optical fiber 13, a reference optical fiber 4, an acousto-optic modulator 5, a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 8, a balanced photoelectric detector 9, a signal adjusting module 10, a high-pass filter 11 and an upper computer 12. The light emitted by the laser 1 enters the 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 3 through the optical isolator 2, and the 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 3 divides the light into two paths. One path is sensing light, enters the sensing optical fiber 13 through the optical fiber circulator 6, is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator 6 under the action of the Bragg optical fiber grating 16 embedded at the tail end 14 of the sensing optical fiber, and then is transmitted out. The other path of the reference light is the reference light, and after being output by the reference optical fiber 4, the fixed frequency shift is generated under the action of the acousto-optic modulator 5. Then, the sensing light and the reference light are collected in a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler 8 and interfere to generate interference light, the interference light is output by two paths of light with phase difference of 180 degrees and is collected by a balanced photoelectric detector 9 to be subjected to differential amplification photoelectric conversion, an output electric signal is demodulated by a signal demodulation module 10 and then is sent to a high-pass filter 11 to filter a low-frequency signal (lower than 20 KHz), and the rest high-frequency signal is output to an upper computer 12 as a final detection signal result to display an ultrasonic signal waveform, so that the ultrasonic detection of the partial discharge of the sleeve is realized.
The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor also comprises a high-sensitivity sensing element 7. As shown in fig. 2, the high-sensitivity sensing element 7 includes a mandrel 15 and a sensing fiber 13 tightly wound around the mandrel 15, and a bragg fiber grating 16 is embedded in the end of the sensing fiber 13. Specifically, sensing light enters the high-sensitivity sensing element 7 through the optical fiber circulator 6, is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator 6 under the action of the Bragg optical fiber grating 16 embedded in the tail end 14 of the sensing optical fiber through the sensing optical fiber 13 wound on the mandrel 15, and then is transmitted out.
Further, the mandrel 15 is a circular truncated cone, the sensing optical fiber 13 is wound on the mandrel 15 from bottom to top, and the tail end of the sensing optical fiber is located on the top surface of the circular truncated cone. The mandrel 15 is made of polyvinylidene fluoride. The radius of the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone is 20mm, the radius of the top surface of the circular truncated cone is 5mm, and the height of the circular truncated cone is 40mm. The surface of the mandrel 15 is coated with ultraviolet light curing adhesive glue with high ultrasonic coupling coefficient, and the glue is cured after being irradiated by ultraviolet light, so that the sensing optical fiber 13 and the mandrel 15 keep a joint state.
The fiber optic circulator 6 includes a first channel, a second channel, and a third channel. The sensing light enters the optical fiber circulator 6 from the first channel, enters the high-sensitivity sensing element 7 through the second channel, is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator 6 under the action of the Bragg fiber grating 16 embedded in the tail end 14 of the sensing optical fiber, and then is transmitted out from the third channel.
The laser 1 adopts an RIO narrow linewidth laser source, the optical power of which is 20mW, and the linewidth of which is 2.9kHz. The 1550nm continuous light output by the light source has very low relative intensity noise, ultra-low phase noise and narrow line width, and is used for providing a low-noise light source.
The 1 × 2 optical fiber coupler 3 is a connecting device between optical fibers, and divides light emitted by the laser 1 into two paths, and the intensity of each of the two paths of output signals accounts for 50.0% ± 0.5%.
The sensing fiber 13 and the reference fiber 4 are both common single mode fibers. A high-sensitivity optical fiber sensing unit is connected in series in the sensing optical fiber 13 for detecting ultrasonic signals. The reference fiber only senses the environmental influence and is matched for interference. As shown in fig. 3, the end 14 of the sensing fiber is embedded with a length of 20mm bragg fiber grating 16, the grating pitch of the bragg fiber grating 16 is uniform, and the reflection wavelength of the bragg fiber grating is about 1550nm by modulating the grating pitch of the bragg fiber grating, so that the sensing light transmitted in the sensing fiber can be completely reflected.
The acousto-optic modulator 5 is a free space acousto-optic modulator with radio frequency drive of STBR series, and is used for changing and controlling the intensity, frequency modulation, frequency shift and other characteristics of laser beams. The AOM acousto-optic modulator is used for generating a frequency shift of 200MHz of reference light.
The balanced photoelectric detector 9 is used for converting optical signals in the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor into electric signals. The input port is connected with the interference signal output by the 2 multiplied by 2 optical fiber coupler, the output port for outputting the differential amplification signal is connected with the signal demodulation module, and the detection bandwidth DC of the balanced photoelectric detector can reach 200MHz.
The high-pass filter 11 is designed to have a cutoff frequency of 20kHz and is used for filtering low-frequency background noise of the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor is manufactured by the following steps:
1. as shown in fig. 2, a single-mode bare fiber with a certain length (e.g. 150m length) is prepared, a bragg fiber grating with a length of 20mm is embedded in the tail end of one end of the single-mode bare fiber by an optical fiber fusion splicer, and then the single-mode bare fiber is wound along the surface of a polyvinylidene fluoride mandrel and coated with ultraviolet curing adhesive with high ultrasonic coupling coefficient to form a high-sensitivity sensor.
2. The various devices are connected in sequence according to figure 1.
3. The high-sensitivity sensing element is arranged on a sleeve base or a flange, and the contact surface is coated with the ultrasonic coupling agent, so that the coupling efficiency is enhanced.
4. And connecting a power supply, turning on a narrow-linewidth laser source to emit continuous light, enabling the optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor to work, starting to detect the local discharge ultrasound of the sleeve, and displaying a waveform result and storing data in an upper computer.
The above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. But all equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing is characterized by comprising a laser (1), an optical isolator (2), a 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3), an optical fiber circulator (6), a sensing optical fiber (13), a reference optical fiber (4), an acousto-optic modulator (5), a 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (8), a balanced photoelectric detector (9), a signal adjusting module (10), a high-pass filter (11) and an upper computer (12); the light emitted by the laser (1) enters the 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3) through the optical isolator (2), and the 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3) divides the light into two paths; one path is light sensing and is transmitted out after entering the sensing optical fiber (13) through the optical fiber circulator (6) and being reflected back to the optical fiber circulator (6) under the action of a Bragg optical fiber grating (16) embedded in the tail end (14) of the sensing optical fiber; the other path of the reference light is output by the reference optical fiber (4) and generates fixed frequency shift under the action of the acousto-optic modulator (5); then, the sensing light and the reference light are collected and interfered in the 2 x 2 optical fiber coupler (8) to generate interference light; the interference light is collected by the balance photoelectric detector (9), the interference light is demodulated by the signal demodulation module (10) and then is sent to the high-pass filter (11) to filter low-frequency signals, and the remaining high-frequency signals are output to the upper computer (12) as final detection signal results to be displayed.
2. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of transformer bushing according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor further comprises a high-sensitivity sensing element (7); the high-sensitivity sensing element (7) comprises a mandrel (15) and the sensing optical fiber (13) tightly wound on the mandrel (15), and the tail end of the sensing optical fiber (13) is embedded with the Bragg optical fiber grating (16).
3. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing according to claim 2, wherein the mandrel (15) is a circular truncated cone; the sensing optical fiber (13) is wound on the mandrel (15) from bottom to top, and the tail end of the sensing optical fiber is located on the top surface of the circular truncated cone.
4. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of the transformer bushing according to claim 3, characterized in that the mandrel (15) is made of polyvinylidene fluoride; the radius of the bottom surface of the circular truncated cone is 20mm, the radius of the top surface of the circular truncated cone is 5mm, and the height of the circular truncated cone is 40mm.
5. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of transformer bushing according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the optical fiber circulator (6) comprises a first channel, a second channel and a third channel; the sensing light enters the optical fiber circulator (6) from the first channel, enters the high-sensitivity sensing element (7) through the second channel, is reflected back to the optical fiber circulator (6) under the action of the Bragg fiber grating (16) embedded in the tail end (14) of the sensing optical fiber, and is transmitted out of the third channel.
6. The fiber interference ultrasonic sensor of partial discharge of transformer bushing according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the laser (1) uses RIO narrow linewidth laser source with optical power of 20mW and linewidth of 2.9kHz.
7. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of transformer bushing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the ratio of the two output signal intensities of the 1 x 2 optical fiber coupler (3) is 50.0% ± 0.5%.
8. The fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor of partial discharge of transformer bushing according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the surface of the mandrel (15) is coated with ultraviolet light curing adhesive glue with high ultrasonic coupling coefficient, and the glue is cured after being irradiated by ultraviolet light, so that the sensing fiber (13) and the mandrel (15) keep a joint state.
9. The fiber interference ultrasonic transducer of partial discharge of transformer bushing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the acousto-optic modulator (5) is a STBR series free space acousto-optic modulator with RF drive.
10. The optical fiber interference type ultrasonic sensor for partial discharge of transformer bushing according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the length of the Bragg fiber grating (16) is 20mm, and the reflection wavelength is 1550nm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117192313A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-08 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117192313A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-08 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
| CN117192313B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-02-27 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensing system for detecting partial discharge of gas-insulated switchgear |
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