CN111239563A - Partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and method for transformer - Google Patents
Partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and method for transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111239563A CN111239563A CN202010105242.2A CN202010105242A CN111239563A CN 111239563 A CN111239563 A CN 111239563A CN 202010105242 A CN202010105242 A CN 202010105242A CN 111239563 A CN111239563 A CN 111239563A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1218—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing using optical methods; using charged particle, e.g. electron, beams or X-rays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
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Abstract
The application provides a partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and a partial discharge optical fiber sensing method for a transformer, which comprise the following steps: the optical fiber coupling device comprises a laser, an optical fiber coupler, a first optical fiber grating, a second optical fiber grating, a photoelectric detector and a data processing module, wherein a first port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the laser through an optical fiber, and a second port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the first optical fiber grating through a sensing optical fiber. And the third port of the fiber coupler is connected with the second fiber grating through a reference fiber. And the fourth port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector through an optical fiber. And the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the data processing module. After the ultrasonic wave generated by the local discharge acts on the sensing optical fiber, the optical path and the refractive index of the sensing optical fiber are changed, and the sensing of the ultrasonic wave signal is realized. In this application, sensing optical fiber's length can be set up according to the transformer inner structure that will measure, has solved the narrow technical problem of piezoelectric sensor monitoring range effectively.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of electrical equipment online monitoring, in particular to a partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and method for a transformer.
Background
The transformer is the core equipment for realizing the voltage boosting and voltage reducing conversion of the power grid, and the safe and stable operation of the transformer has important significance for the safety of the power grid. When a local area in an insulating medium in the transformer is broken down, a local discharge phenomenon occurs, the existence of the local discharge can be determined and a discharge point can be positioned by detecting an ultrasonic signal generated by the local discharge, and the insulation state of the transformer is estimated.
The conventional piezoelectric sensor is a sensor based on the piezoelectric effect, and is a self-generating and electromechanical conversion type sensor. The sensitive element of the piezoelectric sensor is made of piezoelectric material. The piezoelectric material generates electric charges on the surface after being stressed. The charge is amplified by the charge amplifier and the measuring circuit and transformed into impedance, and then the electric quantity proportional to the external force is output.
However, the piezoelectric sensor can only measure the external ultrasonic signal at the sensitive element part, and the sensitive element has a tiny structure, so that the monitoring range of the piezoelectric sensor is narrow, and the discharge phenomenon of the transformer outside the monitoring range is likely to be missed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and a partial discharge optical fiber sensing method for a transformer, which aim to solve the technical problem that a piezoelectric sensor is narrow in monitoring range.
In order to solve the technical problem, the embodiment of the application discloses the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a transformer partial discharge optical fiber sensing system, including: a laser, a fiber coupler, a first fiber grating, a second fiber grating, a photoelectric detector and a data processing module, wherein,
the first port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the laser through an optical fiber;
the second port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the first fiber bragg grating through a sensing optical fiber;
the third port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the second fiber grating through a reference optical fiber;
the fourth port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector through an optical fiber;
and the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the data processing module.
Optionally, the data processing module includes: a filter, a data acquisition card and a processor,
the input end of the filter is electrically connected with the output end of the photoelectric detector;
the output end of the filter is electrically connected with the input end of the data acquisition card;
the data acquisition card is also electrically connected with the processor.
Optionally, the partial discharge optical fiber sensing system of the transformer further includes: the piezoelectric crystal is arranged between the optical fiber coupler and the second fiber bragg grating; the piezoelectric crystal is also electrically connected with the processor.
Optionally, the laser is a narrow-band laser.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application discloses a transformer partial discharge optical fiber sensing method, including: arranging a sensing optical fiber inside the transformer;
laser output by the laser is split by the optical fiber coupler to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam;
the first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing optical fiber and returns at the first fiber bragg grating;
the second laser beam is transmitted along the reference fiber and returns at the second fiber grating;
interfering the returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam to generate detection laser;
the photoelectric detector receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal;
and transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing.
Optionally, the transmitting the electrical signal to a data processing module for data processing includes:
filtering the electric signals by using a filter to filter the electric signals with the frequency below 20 kHz;
the data acquisition card acquires the filtered electric signals;
the processor analyzes the influence of external environmental factors on the length of the optical fiber and modulates the length of the reference optical fiber in real time by controlling the piezoelectric crystal.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this application is:
the application provides a partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and a partial discharge optical fiber sensing method for a transformer, which comprise the following steps: the optical fiber coupling device comprises a laser, an optical fiber coupler, a first optical fiber grating, a second optical fiber grating, a photoelectric detector and a data processing module, wherein a first port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the laser through an optical fiber, and a second port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the first optical fiber grating through a sensing optical fiber. And the third port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the second fiber grating through a reference optical fiber. And the fourth port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector through an optical fiber. And the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the data processing module. During measurement, the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the elastic rod, the sensing optical fiber is led out through an oil outlet of the transformer, and the first fiber bragg grating is placed in the temperature control box. The laser output by the laser is split by the fiber coupler to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing fiber and returns at the first fiber grating, and the second laser beam is transmitted along the reference fiber and returns at the second fiber grating. And interfering the returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam to generate detection laser. The returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam generate detection laser after forming interference; the photodetector is input through a fiber coupler. And the photoelectric detector receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal. And transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing. When ultrasonic waves generated by the partial discharge act on the sensing optical fiber, the optical path and the refractive index of the sensing optical fiber are changed, and finally the intensity of the detection laser is changed. The change of the detection laser intensity is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector and then output to a data processing module, so that the sensing of ultrasonic signals is realized.
The application designs an optical fiber sensing method for partial discharge of the transformer based on the Michelson interference principle. The length of the sensing optical fiber can be set according to the internal structure of the transformer to be measured, the monitoring range is wide, and the technical problem that the monitoring range of the piezoelectric sensor is narrow is effectively solved. Based on the characteristics of passivity and anti-electromagnetic interference of optical fiber sensing, the sensing optical fiber is favorably arranged in the transformer, and high-sensitivity detection of partial discharge is realized. The optical fiber grating is adopted to replace an optical reflector, so that the structure of the system is simplified.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a partial discharge optical fiber sensing system of a transformer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another partial discharge optical fiber sensing system for a transformer according to an embodiment of the present application; (ii) a
Wherein: the optical fiber grating sensor comprises a 1-laser, a 2-optical fiber coupler, a 3-first optical fiber grating, a 4-second optical fiber grating, a 5-photoelectric detector, a 6-data processing module, a 61-filter, a 62-data acquisition card, a 63-processor and a 7-piezoelectric crystal.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a transformer partial discharge optical fiber sensing system, including: the optical fiber grating optical fiber coupler comprises a laser 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, a first optical fiber grating 3, a second optical fiber grating 4, a photoelectric detector 5 and a data processing module 6, wherein a first port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the laser 1 through an optical fiber. And the second port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the first fiber grating 3 through a sensing optical fiber. The third port of the fiber coupler 2 is connected with the second fiber grating 4 through a reference fiber. The fourth port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector 5 through an optical fiber. The output end of the photoelectric detector 5 is electrically connected with the data processing module 6.
The laser light output from the laser 1 is split by the fiber coupler 5 to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The second port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the first fiber grating 3 through a sensing optical fiber; the third port of the fiber coupler 2 is connected with the second fiber grating 4 through a reference fiber. The first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing optical fiber and returns after being reflected by the first fiber bragg grating 3. The second laser beam is transmitted along the reference fiber and returns after being reflected by the second fiber grating 4.
And generating detection laser after the returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam interfere. The detection laser light is input to the photodetector 5 through the fiber coupler 2. When the sound wave generated by the local discharge acts on the sensing optical fiber, the optical path and the refractive index of the sensing optical fiber are changed, and finally the intensity of the detection laser is changed. And the photoelectric detector 5 receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal. And the electric signal is transmitted to a data processing module for data processing.
Example two
As shown in fig. 2, an embodiment of the present application provides another partial discharge fiber sensing system for a transformer, including: the optical fiber grating optical fiber coupler comprises a laser 1, an optical fiber coupler 2, a first optical fiber grating 3, a second optical fiber grating 4, a photoelectric detector 5 and a data processing module 6, wherein a first port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the laser 1 through an optical fiber. And the second port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the first fiber grating 3 through a sensing optical fiber. The third port of the fiber coupler 2 is connected with the second fiber grating 4 through a reference fiber. The fourth port of the optical fiber coupler 2 is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector 5 through an optical fiber. The output end of the photoelectric detector 5 is electrically connected with the data processing module 6.
Wherein: the data processing module 6 includes: the device comprises a filter 61, a data acquisition card 62 and a processor 63, wherein the input end of the filter 61 is electrically connected with the output end of the photoelectric detector 5; the output end of the filter 61 is electrically connected with the data acquisition card 62; the data acquisition card 62 is also electrically connected to the processor 63.
The partial discharge optical fiber sensing system of the transformer further comprises: the piezoelectric crystal 7 is arranged between the optical fiber coupler 2 and the second fiber grating 4, and the piezoelectric crystal 7 is arranged between the optical fiber coupler 2 and the second fiber grating 4; the piezoelectric crystal 7 is also electrically connected to the processor 63.
And during measurement, the sensing optical fiber is arranged in the transformer. Specifically, the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the elastic rod, the sensing optical fiber is led out through an oil outlet of the transformer, and the first fiber bragg grating is placed in the temperature control box to ensure that the central wavelength of the fiber bragg grating is stable. The elastic rod can be suspended inside the transformer by a suspension wire.
The laser light output from the laser 1 is split by the fiber coupler to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The second port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the first fiber bragg grating through a sensing optical fiber; and the third port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the second fiber grating through a reference optical fiber. The first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing optical fiber, and is reflected by the first fiber bragg grating and then returns along the sensing optical fiber. And the second laser beam is transmitted along the reference optical fiber and returns along the reference optical fiber after being reflected by the second fiber grating.
And generating detection laser after the returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam interfere. The detection laser is input to the photoelectric detector through the fiber coupler. When the sound wave generated by the local discharge acts on the sensing optical fiber, the optical path and the refractive index of the sensing optical fiber are changed, and finally the intensity of the detection laser is changed. And the photoelectric detector receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal. And transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing.
Transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing, comprising: and filtering the electric signals by using a filter to filter the electric signals with the frequency below 20 kHz. And the data acquisition card acquires the filtered electric signals. The processor analyzes the influence of external environmental factors on the length of the optical fiber and modulates the length of the reference optical fiber in real time by controlling the piezoelectric crystal.
The filter filters interference noise below 20kHz, and improves the accuracy and the sensitivity of the partial discharge optical fiber sensing system of the transformer. The data acquisition card acquires voltage signals corresponding to the partial discharge ultrasonic signals generated by the photoelectric detector, the processor analyzes the state of the sensing system, and the length of the reference optical fiber is modulated in real time by controlling the piezoelectric crystal.
The embodiment also integrates a feedback control function, and when the length of the reference optical fiber or the sensing optical fiber is changed due to factors such as external temperature, the processor controls the piezoelectric crystal to adjust the length of the reference optical fiber, so that the interference of external irrelevant factors is suppressed. The piezoelectric crystal is deformed by injecting a voltage signal into the piezoelectric crystal, and the optical fiber is driven to deform by the deformation of the piezoelectric crystal so as to modulate the length of the optical fiber, inhibit the interference of external irrelevant factors and improve the accuracy of a partial discharge optical fiber sensing system of the transformer.
The embodiment also provides a transformer partial discharge optical fiber sensing method, which comprises the following steps: the sensing optical fiber is arranged in the transformer, and laser output by the laser is split by the optical fiber coupler to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing optical fiber and is reflected by the first fiber bragg grating and then returns along the sensing optical fiber; and the second laser beam is transmitted along the reference optical fiber and returns along the reference optical fiber after being reflected by the second fiber grating. The returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam interfere to generate detection laser. And the photoelectric detector receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal. And transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing.
The step of transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing comprises the following steps: and filtering the electric signals by using a filter to filter the electric signals with the frequency below 20 kHz. And the data acquisition card acquires the filtered electric signals. The processor receives the filtered electric signals, analyzes the influence of external environmental factors on the length of the optical fiber, and modulates the length of the reference optical fiber in real time by controlling the piezoelectric crystal.
In this embodiment, the specific parameters are as follows: the laser is a narrow-band laser with the center wavelength of 1550nm, the bandwidth is less than 300kHz, the coupling ratio of the optical fiber coupler is 50:50, the center wavelength of the optical fiber grating is 1550nm, the length of the sensing optical fiber is 30m, and the filter is a band-pass filter with the frequency of 20kHz-200 kHz. The piezoelectric crystal is PZT ceramic and is cylindrical. A portion of the reference fiber is wound around the PZT ceramic and the length of the reference fiber is corrected before each precision measurement is taken.
Assuming that the reflected light intensities in the sensing fiber and the reference fiber are I1、I2The interference intensity of the two beams can be expressed as
In the formula (1), Φ is a phase difference between the two laser beams, and can be represented as Φ β L (2)
In the formula (2), β -2 pi nf/c is a transmission constant, where n is an optical fiber refractive index, f is an optical frequency, c is an optical speed, and L is an optical fiber length.
As can be seen from the expressions (1) and (2), the intensity of the interference light changes as the length and refractive index of the optical fiber change. When external acoustic signals act on the sensing optical fiber, the length of the sensing optical fiber is changed due to a mechanical effect. The elasto-optical effect can cause the change of the refractive index of the optical fiber, and the changes are finally reflected on the change of the interference light intensity, thereby realizing the measurement of the partial discharge ultrasonic signal.
Based on the elasto-optical effect principle, under the action of external stress, the relationship between the refractive index variation delta n and the optical fiber strain epsilon is as follows:
in the formula (3), P11、P12Is the elasto-optic coefficient of the material, epsilon1、ε2Is the transverse strain of the optical fibre,. epsilon3Is light ofLongitudinal strain of the fiber.
In the embodiment, the transformer is a 30kVA S11-M type transformer, and the external dimension of the transformer is 980 multiplied by 600 multiplied by 1020 (mm). Therefore, the length of the elastic rod is set to be 8m, the radius is 2.5cm, the material is selected from silicon rubber, the suspension line is a nylon rope, the length of the suspension line is 5cm, and the suspension lines are arranged according to an equilateral triangle.
In summary, the present application provides a transformer partial discharge optical fiber sensing system and method, including: the method comprises the following steps: the optical fiber coupling device comprises a laser, an optical fiber coupler, a first optical fiber grating, a second optical fiber grating, a photoelectric detector and a data processing module, wherein a first port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the laser through an optical fiber, and a second port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the first optical fiber grating through a sensing optical fiber. And the third port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the second fiber grating through a reference optical fiber. And the fourth port of the optical fiber coupler is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector through an optical fiber. And the output end of the photoelectric detector is electrically connected with the data processing module. During measurement, the sensing optical fiber is spirally wound on the elastic rod, the sensing optical fiber is led out through an oil outlet of the transformer, and the first fiber bragg grating is placed in the temperature control box. The laser output by the laser is split by the fiber coupler to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam. The first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing optical fiber and returns after being reflected by the first fiber bragg grating, and the second laser beam is transmitted along the reference optical fiber and returns after being reflected by the second fiber bragg grating. The returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam generate detection laser after forming interference; the photodetector is input through a fiber coupler. And the photoelectric detector receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal. And transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing. When ultrasonic waves generated by the partial discharge act on the sensing optical fiber, the optical path and the refractive index of the sensing optical fiber are changed, and finally the intensity of the detection laser is changed. The change of the detection laser intensity is converted into an electric signal by a photoelectric detector and then output to a data processing module, so that the sensing of ultrasonic signals is realized.
The application designs an optical fiber sensing method for partial discharge of the transformer based on the Michelson interference principle. The length of the sensing optical fiber can be set according to the internal structure of the transformer to be measured, the monitoring range is wide, and the technical problem that the monitoring range of the piezoelectric sensor is narrow is effectively solved. Based on the characteristics of passivity and anti-electromagnetic interference of optical fiber sensing, the sensing optical fiber is favorably arranged in the transformer, and high-sensitivity detection of partial discharge is realized. The optical fiber grating is adopted to replace an optical reflector, so that the structure of the system is simplified.
Since the above embodiments are all described by referring to and combining with other embodiments, the same portions are provided between different embodiments, and the same and similar portions between the various embodiments in this specification may be referred to each other. And will not be described in detail herein.
It is noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a circuit structure, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such circuit structure, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of an element identified by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a circuit structure, article or device comprising the element.
Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.
The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A transformer partial discharge fiber optic sensing system, comprising: a laser (1), a fiber coupler (2), a first fiber grating (3), a second fiber grating (4), a photoelectric detector (5) and a data processing module (6),
the first port of the optical fiber coupler (2) is connected with the laser (1) through an optical fiber;
the second port of the optical fiber coupler (2) is connected with the first fiber bragg grating (3) through a sensing optical fiber;
the third port of the optical fiber coupler (2) is connected with the second fiber grating (4) through a reference optical fiber;
the fourth port of the optical fiber coupler (2) is connected with the input end of the photoelectric detector (5) through an optical fiber;
the output end of the photoelectric detector (5) is electrically connected with the data processing module (6).
2. Transformer partial discharge fiber sensing system according to claim 1, wherein the data processing module (6) comprises: a filter (61), a data acquisition card (62) and a processor (63),
the input end of the filter (61) is electrically connected with the output end of the photoelectric detector (5);
the output end of the filter (61) is electrically connected with the data acquisition card (62);
the data acquisition card (62) is also electrically connected with the processor (63).
3. The transformer partial discharge fiber sensing system of claim 2, further comprising: the piezoelectric crystal (7), the said piezoelectric crystal (7) locates between said fiber coupler (2) and said second fiber bragg grating (4); the piezoelectric crystal (7) is also electrically connected with the processor (63).
4. Transformer partial discharge fiber sensing system according to claim 2, wherein the laser (1) is a narrow band laser.
5. A partial discharge optical fiber sensing method for a transformer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a sensing optical fiber inside the transformer;
laser output by the laser is split by the optical fiber coupler to generate a first laser beam and a second laser beam;
the first laser beam is transmitted along the sensing optical fiber and is reflected by the first fiber bragg grating and then returns along the sensing optical fiber;
the second laser beam is transmitted along the reference optical fiber and returns along the reference optical fiber after being reflected by the second fiber bragg grating;
interfering the returned first laser beam and the returned second laser beam to generate detection laser;
the photoelectric detector receives the detection laser and converts the intensity change signal of the detection laser into an electric signal;
and transmitting the electric signal to a data processing module for data processing.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein transmitting the electrical signal to a data processing module for data processing comprises:
filtering the electric signals by using a filter to filter the electric signals with the frequency below 20 kHz;
the data acquisition card acquires the filtered electric signals;
the processor analyzes the influence of external environmental factors on the length of the optical fiber and modulates the length of the reference optical fiber in real time by controlling the piezoelectric crystal.
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