CN115468931B - Construction method of soybean meal quality detection model, and soybean meal quality detection method and device - Google Patents
Construction method of soybean meal quality detection model, and soybean meal quality detection method and device Download PDFInfo
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- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 202
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 94
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Abstract
The application provides a construction method of a soybean meal quality detection model, a soybean meal quality detection method and a soybean meal quality detection device. The construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model comprises the following steps: collecting and dividing samples, acquiring construction model data, constructing a qualitative discrimination model, constructing a soybean meal moisture quantitative model, constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, and constructing the soybean meal quality detection model by the qualitative discrimination model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model. The soybean meal quality detection model constructed by the construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model provided by the first aspect of the application meets the requirements of rapid, efficient and nondestructive detection on the quality of soybean meal at present, shortens the detection time, avoids the use of chemical reagents for detection, and reduces the detection cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of soybean meal detection, in particular to a construction method of a soybean meal quality detection model, a soybean meal quality detection method and a soybean meal quality detection device.
Background
The soybean meal has wide application range, can be used as a main raw material for preparing livestock and poultry feed, and can also be used for preparing cake food, health food, cosmetics and antibiotic raw materials. The import quantity and the demand quantity of the soybean meal in China are large, so that the quality of the soybean meal is urgently required to be quickly and efficiently detected. However, the existing quality detection of the soybean meal is generally a traditional laboratory detection method, such as a kjeldahl method, and the traditional detection methods have the disadvantages of long detection time, high detection cost, large consumption of chemical reagents and difficulty in meeting the requirements of efficient and rapid detection.
Therefore, a new method for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model, a method and an apparatus for detecting soybean meal quality are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a construction method of a soybean meal quality detection model, a soybean meal quality detection method and a soybean meal quality detection device.
The first aspect of the application provides a method for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model, which comprises the following steps:
collecting and dividing a sample, wherein a plurality of bean pulp samples are collected to form a bean pulp sample set, the bean pulp sample set comprises unprocessed bean pulp and processed bean pulp, and the bean pulp sample set is divided into a correction set and an independent verification set, wherein all the bean pulp samples in the correction set are unprocessed bean pulp, and the independent verification set comprises the unprocessed bean pulp and the processed bean pulp;
acquiring construction model data, wherein the construction model data comprises near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in a soybean meal sample set, a crude protein national standard method measurement value and a water national standard method measurement value;
establishing a qualitative discrimination model, carrying out centralized processing on near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in a correction set to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, calculating the Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center, and selecting a Mahalanobis distance threshold value according to a preset confidence level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp;
constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in a correction set as the input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking a moisture national standard method measured value of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model by using a partial least square method;
the method comprises the steps of constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each corrected and concentrated soybean meal sample as input of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, taking a national standard method measured value of the crude protein of each corrected and concentrated soybean meal sample as output of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, constructing the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model by using a partial least square method, and constructing the soybean meal quality detection model by using a qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
According to the construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model provided by the first aspect of the application, the near infrared spectrum analysis technology is used as a basis to efficiently and accurately construct the soybean meal quality detection model comprising the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, and the qualitative judgment model in the soybean meal quality detection model can realize qualitative analysis on whether a soybean meal sample is subjected to special process treatment, so that whether the soybean meal sample is ordinary soybean meal (i.e. unprocessed soybean meal) or special soybean meal (i.e. processed soybean meal) can be quickly judged. The soybean meal moisture quantitative model is used for rapidly and quantitatively measuring the moisture content in the soybean meal sample so as to help judge whether the soybean meal sample is a qualified sample. The soybean meal crude protein quantitative model is used for rapidly and quantitatively measuring the crude protein content in the soybean meal sample so as to help to evaluate the quality grade of the qualified soybean meal sample. The soybean meal quality detection model constructed by the construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model provided by the first aspect of the application meets the requirements of rapid, efficient and nondestructive detection on the quality of the soybean meal at present, shortens the detection time, avoids the use of chemical reagents for detection, and reduces the detection cost.
The second aspect of the present application provides a method for detecting quality of soybean meal, comprising:
obtaining near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected;
calculating a first Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of the bean pulp sample to be detected to the center of a qualitative judgment model of the qualitative judgment model, judging the bean pulp sample to be detected to be the processed bean pulp when the first Mahalanobis distance is greater than or equal to a Mahalanobis distance threshold value, and judging the bean pulp sample to be detected to be the unprocessed bean pulp when the first Mahalanobis distance is less than the Mahalanobis distance threshold value;
inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the bean pulp sample to be detected, which is judged to be unprocessed bean pulp, into a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, obtaining the moisture content of the bean pulp sample to be detected, which is output by the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, judging that the bean pulp sample to be detected is a sample with unqualified moisture content when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be detected is greater than or equal to a preset moisture threshold value, and judging that the bean pulp sample to be detected is a sample with qualified moisture content when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be detected is less than the preset moisture threshold value;
inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is judged to be a qualified sample of the moisture content, into a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, obtaining the crude protein content of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, and evaluating the quality grade of the soybean meal sample to be detected according to a preset crude protein content standard, wherein the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model are obtained by pre-constructing according to the construction method provided by the first aspect of the application.
The soybean meal quality detection method provided by the second aspect of the application realizes efficient, rapid, accurate and nondestructive detection on the quality of the soybean meal, and is low in detection cost.
The third aspect of the present application provides an apparatus for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model, the apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit and a third acquisition unit, wherein the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring construction model data, the construction model data comprise near infrared spectrum information, crude protein national standard method measurement values and water national standard method measurement values of all bean pulp samples in a bean pulp sample set, and the bean pulp sample set comprises untreated bean pulp and process-treated bean pulp;
the model building unit is used for dividing the bean pulp sample set into a correction set and an independent verification set, wherein all bean pulp samples in the correction set are unprocessed bean pulp, the independent verification set comprises unprocessed bean pulp and processed bean pulp, the model building unit is used for building a qualitative discrimination model, the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set is processed in a centralized mode to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, the Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center is calculated, and the Mahalanobis distance threshold value is selected according to the preset reliability level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp;
the model construction unit is used for constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking a moisture national standard method measured value of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model by using a partial least square method;
the model construction unit is also used for constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in correction set is used as input of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, a crude protein national standard method measured value of each soybean meal sample in correction set is used as output of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model is constructed by a partial least square method, and the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model jointly form the soybean meal quality detection model.
The fourth aspect of the present application provides a device of short-term test soybean meal quality, the device includes:
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected;
the rapid measuring unit of the bean pulp quality is used for inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the bean pulp sample to be measured, which is determined as unprocessed bean pulp, into the bean pulp moisture quantitative model to obtain the moisture content of the bean pulp sample to be measured, which is output by the bean pulp quantitative model, when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be measured is greater than or equal to a preset moisture threshold value, the bean pulp sample to be measured is determined as a sample with unqualified moisture content, and when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be measured is less than the preset moisture threshold value, the bean pulp sample to be measured is determined as a sample with qualified moisture content; the rapid determination unit of dregs of beans quality still is used for judging as moisture content qualified sample the near infrared spectroscopy information input dregs of beans coarse protein quantitative model of the dregs of beans sample that awaits measuring, acquires dregs of beans moisture quantitative model output the coarse protein content of the dregs of beans sample that awaits measuring to divide according to predetermineeing coarse protein content standard the quality grade of the dregs of beans sample that awaits measuring, wherein, qualitative discrimination model dregs of beans moisture quantitative model and dregs of beans coarse protein quantitative model is this application third aspect the device of constructing dregs of beans quality detection model establish in advance and obtain.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model according to the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of step S30 in the method for constructing the soybean meal quality detection model according to the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of step S40 in the method for constructing the soybean meal quality detection model according to the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of step S50 in the method for constructing the soybean meal quality detection model according to the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of another embodiment of a method for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model according to the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 6 is a near-infrared spectrum of each soybean meal sample in a soybean meal sample set in example 1 of the method for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model according to the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of mahalanobis distance in two-dimensional coordinates in embodiment 1 of the first aspect of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a water content scatter plot from national standard measurements of moisture in soybean meal and from a model for quantifying moisture in soybean meal, obtained by calibrating a concentrated soybean meal sample according to example 1 of the first aspect of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a scattergram of the crude protein content outputted from the national standard method for the measurement of the crude protein in soybean meal and from the quantitative model of the crude protein in soybean meal, for the samples of the concentrated soybean meal corrected in accordance with example 1 of the first aspect of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a water content scattergram of national standard method measurement values of water content and output of a soybean meal water content quantitative model of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent test set in example 1 of the first aspect of the present application;
FIG. 11 is a scattergram of crude protein content obtained from the national standard measurement of crude protein and the quantitative model of crude protein of soybean meal for the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent test set in example 1 of the first aspect of the present application;
fig. 12 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for detecting quality of soybean meal provided by the second aspect of the present application.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad application.
The soybean meal has wide application range, can be used as a main raw material for preparing livestock and poultry feeds, and can also be used as a raw material for preparing cake foods, health foods, cosmetics and antibiotics. The import quantity and the demand quantity of the soybean meal in China are large, so that the quality of the soybean meal is urgently required to be rapidly and efficiently detected. However, the existing quality detection of the soybean meal is generally a traditional laboratory detection method, such as a kjeldahl method, and the traditional detection methods have the disadvantages of long detection time, high detection cost, large consumption of chemical reagents and difficulty in meeting the requirements of efficient and rapid detection.
The inventor researches the technical field of bean pulp detection and finds that general customs and bean pulp importers detect multiple indexes of the bean pulp to detect the quality of the bean pulp, wherein the indexes which can reflect the quality of the bean pulp are moisture and crude protein. The Kjeldahl method is mainly adopted for detecting the crude protein content of the soybean meal in the prior art, and the drying weight loss method is mainly adopted for detecting the moisture content of the soybean meal. The traditional detection method has the problems of long detection time consumption, high cost and large consumption of a large amount of chemical reagents, and can not meet the requirement for quickly and efficiently detecting the quality of the soybean meal.
In view of this, the present application is presented.
As shown in fig. 1, a first aspect of the present application provides a method for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model, including:
s10: the method comprises the steps of sample collection and division, wherein a plurality of bean pulp samples are collected to form a bean pulp sample set, the bean pulp sample set comprises untreated bean pulp and processed bean pulp, the bean pulp sample set is divided into a correction set and an independent verification set, all the bean pulp samples in the correction set are untreated bean pulp, and the independent verification set comprises the untreated bean pulp and the processed bean pulp;
s20: acquiring construction model data, wherein the construction model data comprises near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the soybean meal sample set, a crude protein national standard method measurement value and a water national standard method measurement value;
s30: establishing a qualitative discrimination model, carrying out centralized processing on near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in a correction set to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, calculating the Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center, and selecting a Mahalanobis distance threshold value according to a preset confidence level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp;
s40: constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in a correction set as the input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking a moisture national standard method measured value of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model by using a partial least square method;
s50: the method comprises the steps of constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each corrected and concentrated soybean meal sample as input of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, taking a national standard method measured value of the crude protein of each corrected and concentrated soybean meal sample as output of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, constructing the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model by using a partial least square method, and constructing the soybean meal quality detection model by using a qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
According to the construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model provided by the first aspect of the application, the near infrared spectrum analysis technology is used as a basis to efficiently and accurately construct the soybean meal quality detection model comprising the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, and the qualitative judgment model in the soybean meal quality detection model can realize qualitative analysis on whether a soybean meal sample is subjected to special process treatment, so that whether the soybean meal sample is ordinary soybean meal (i.e. unprocessed soybean meal) or special soybean meal (i.e. processed soybean meal) can be quickly judged. The soybean meal moisture quantitative model is used for rapidly and quantitatively measuring the moisture content in the soybean meal sample so as to help judge whether the soybean meal sample is a qualified sample. The soybean meal crude protein quantitative model is used for rapidly and quantitatively measuring the crude protein content in the soybean meal sample so as to help to evaluate the quality grade of the qualified soybean meal sample. The soybean meal quality detection model constructed by the construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model provided by the first aspect of the application meets the requirements of rapid, efficient and nondestructive detection on the quality of the soybean meal at present, shortens the detection time, avoids the use of chemical reagents for detection, and reduces the detection cost.
In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, in the method for constructing the soybean meal quality detection model, there is no specific sequence between step S30, step S40, and step S50.
In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, in the step S20, the national standards "method for determining crude protein in feed" (GB/T6432-2018) and "method for determining water in feed" (GB/T6435-2014) are respectively used in obtaining the data of the constructed model to obtain the national standard value of crude protein and the national standard value of water for each soybean meal sample in each soybean meal sample set.
In some alternative embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the near infrared spectral information of each individual sample of the collection of meal samples is obtained by a Brookfield near infrared spectrometer (MPA)
) Obtained with a near infrared spectral resolution of 8cm -1 The wave number range of the near infrared spectrum is 11536 cm -1 ~3952 cm -1 The near infrared spectral information for each meal sample included 949 spectral data points, with each photovoltaic data point consisting of both (wavenumber, absorbance).
In some alternative embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the untreated soybean meal of the first aspect of the present application is regular soybean meal, which has not been subjected to a special process. The process-treated soybean meal includes special soybean meal such as rumen soybean meal and fermented soybean meal, which should not be understood as ordinary soybean meal.
In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, in the step of collecting and dividing the sample, the principal component analysis method is used to pre-divide the soybean meal sample set into a preliminary correction set and a preliminary independent verification set;
removing the process-treated soybean meal in the preliminary correction set to form a correction set;
and combining the process-treated soybean meal removed from the preparation correction set and the preparation independent verification set into an independent verification set.
In some examples of these embodiments, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method of bruker (OPUS) software was used to divide the soybean meal sample set into a preparatory correction set and a preparatory independent validation set.
In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 2, in the step S30 of constructing the qualitative judgment model, the step of centering the near infrared spectrum information of each of the bean pulp samples in the calibration set includes:
s31: preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set by adopting a multivariate scattering correction Method (MSC);
s32: selecting a first wave number range as a wave number range for correcting and concentrating near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein the first wave number range is 9400 cm -1 ~5448 cm -1 And 4602 cm -1 ~4246 cm -1 ；
S33: and (3) performing dimensionality reduction processing on near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the first wavenumber range in the correction set by adopting Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain a plurality of score data, taking the first 12 score data to enable the variance interpretation rate to be 99%, and obtaining a qualitative judgment model center based on the first 12 score data. In some examples, the average value of the first 12 score data is subtracted from the first 12 score data to obtain 12 processed score data, and then the 12 processed score data are averaged to obtain a coordinate origin, which is also the center of the qualitative discrimination model.
In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 3, the step S40 of constructing a moisture quantitative model of the soybean meal further includes:
s41: preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set by adopting a first derivative and multivariate scattering correction;
s42: selecting a second wavenumber range as the wavenumber range for correcting and concentrating the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein,the second wavenumber range is 9400 cm -1 ~6096 cm -1 And 5454 cm -1 ~4600 cm -1 。
In some of these embodiments, the near infrared spectral information of each of the meal samples in the calibration set is preprocessed using the first derivative, the standard forward-to-theta transform, the multivariate scattering correction, and a combination of at least two of the three methods, and the preprocessed near infrared spectral information is regression modeled using partial least squares with the national moisture standard values after selecting the corresponding second wave number range. And the regression screening adopts leave-one-out cross validation, and a model with the minimum error is used as a soybean meal moisture quantitative model. The model with the least error corresponds to a pre-processing method that is a combination of both first derivative and multivariate scatter correction.
In some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the step S50 of constructing a quantitative model of crude protein of soybean meal further comprises:
s51: preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set by adopting a minimum and maximum normalization method;
s52: selecting a third wave number range as a wave number range for correcting and concentrating the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein the third wave number range is 8448 cm -1 ~7496 cm -1 、6104 cm -1 ~5448 cm -1 And 4600 cm -1 ~4248 cm -1 。
In some examples of these embodiments, the near infrared spectrum information of each of the bean pulp samples in the calibration set is preprocessed by using the first derivative, the standard forward-to-theta transform, the multivariate scattering correction, the min-max normalization method, and a combination of at least two of the four methods, and the preprocessed near infrared spectrum information is regression-modeled by using the partial least squares method with the national standard crude protein measurement value after selecting the corresponding third wavelength range. And the regression screening adopts leave-one-out cross validation, and a model with the minimum error is used as a soybean meal moisture quantitative model. The preprocessing method corresponding to the model with the smallest error is the minimum and maximum normalization method.
As shown in fig. 5, in some optional embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the method for constructing the soybean meal quality detection model further includes:
s60: and adopting an independent verification set evaluation qualitative judgment model, a soybean meal moisture quantitative model and a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
[ example 1 ] A method for producing a polycarbonate
S10: and (2) sample collection and division, wherein 313 soybean meal samples are collected to form a soybean meal sample set, the soybean meal sample set comprises unprocessed soybean meal and processed soybean meal, and the soybean meal sample set is divided into a correction set and an independent verification set, wherein all the soybean meal samples in the correction set are unprocessed soybean meal, and the independent verification set comprises unprocessed soybean meal and processed soybean meal.
In the step S10 of sample collection and division, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method using bruker (OPUS) software is adopted to divide the soybean meal sample set into a preliminary correction set and a preliminary independent verification set according to a ratio of 9. The correction set totally comprises 286 soybean meal samples which are all unprocessed soybean meal, the independent verification set totally comprises 27 soybean meal samples, the independent verification set comprises 7 processed soybean meal, and the rest 20 soybean meal are unprocessed soybean meal.
S20: and acquiring construction model data, wherein the construction model data comprises near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the bean pulp sample set, a crude protein national standard method measured value and a water national standard method measured value.
And S20, obtaining the national standard method measurement value of crude protein and the national standard method measurement value of water of each bean pulp sample in the bean pulp sample set by adopting the national standard 'method for measuring crude protein in feed' (GB/T6432-2018) and 'measuring water in feed' (GB/T6435-2014) in the constructed model data.
As shown in fig. 6, the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the soybean meal sample set was obtained by a bruker near infrared spectrometer (MPA), and the wave number range of the near infrared spectrum was 11536 -1 ~3952 cm -1 Resolution of 8cm -1 The near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample comprises 949 data points, and each data point comprisesWave number, absorbance).
S30: and constructing a qualitative discrimination model, carrying out centralized processing on the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, calculating the Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center, and selecting a Mahalanobis distance threshold value according to a preset confidence level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp.
S31: preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set by adopting a multivariate scattering correction Method (MSC);
s32: selecting a first wave number range as a wave number range for correcting and concentrating near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein the first wave number range is 9400 cm -1 ~5448 cm -1 And 4602 cm -1 ~4246 cm -1 ；
S33: and (3) performing dimensionality reduction treatment on the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the first wave number range in the correction set by adopting Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to obtain a plurality of score data, taking the first 12 score data to enable the variance interpretation rate to be 99%, and obtaining a qualitative judgment model center based on the first 12 score data. And respectively subtracting the average value of the first 12 scoring data from the first 12 scoring data to obtain 12 processed scoring data, and averaging the 12 processed scoring data to obtain a coordinate origin, namely a qualitative judgment model center.
In this example 1, the mahalanobis distance threshold (MD-Limit) was set to 0.074, so that the mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of the 99.5% soybean meal sample in the calibration set to the center of the qualitative discrimination model was smaller than the mahalanobis distance threshold.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of mahalanobis distance under two-dimensional coordinates in embodiment 1 of the first aspect of the present application. In the figure, σ in 1 σ,2 σ and 3 σ represents a standard deviation for determining the radius of the ellipse, and 1 σ,2 σ and 3 σ represent 1 standard deviation, 2 standard deviations and 3 standard deviations, respectively. In fig. 7, point O is the center of the qualitative discrimination model, the euclidean distances between points a and B and point O of the coordinate center (the center of the qualitative discrimination model) are equal, but if the mahalanobis distances between points a and B and point O are calculated, the mahalanobis distance between point a is greater than the mahalanobis distance between point B.
S40: and (3) constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking the moisture national standard method measured value of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model by using a partial least square method.
S41: and (3) preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set by adopting a first derivative and multivariate scattering correction, wherein the number of first derivative processing smoothing points is 17.
S42: selecting a second wave number range as a wave number range for correcting and concentrating the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein the second wave number range is 9400 cm -1 ~6096 cm -1 And 5454 cm -1 ~4600 cm -1 。
Fig. 8 is a plot of the national standard measured moisture content of the soybean meal and the moisture content scatter plot output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model of the concentrated corrected soybean meal sample according to example 1 of the first aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 8, in the soybean meal moisture quantitative model: the number of latent variables in the correction set is 11, the corrected root mean square error RMSEE =0.29, and the coefficient R is determined 2 =0.9528, relative analytical error RPD =4.60. Cross-test: RMSECV =0.32, coefficient R is determined 2 =0.94, relative analytical error RPD =4.12. In fig. 8, the reference value is the national standard measurement value of the moisture of the soybean meal of the corrected concentrated soybean meal sample, and the predicted value is the moisture content of the corrected concentrated soybean meal sample output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model.
S50: the method comprises the steps of constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in correction set as input of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, taking a national standard method measured value of the crude protein of each soybean meal sample in correction set as output of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, constructing the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model by using a partial least square method, and constructing the soybean meal quality detection model by using a qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal water quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
S51: preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set by adopting a minimum and maximum normalization method;
s52: selecting a third wave number range as a wave number range for correcting and concentrating the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein the third wave number range is 8448 cm -1 ~7496 cm -1 、6104 cm -1 ~5448 cm -1 And 4600 cm -1 ~4248 cm -1 。
Fig. 9 is a scattergram of the national standard measurement values of the soybean meal crude protein of the corrected and concentrated soybean meal samples and the crude protein content output by the soybean meal crude protein quantification model in example 1 of the first aspect of the present application, as shown in fig. 9, in the soybean meal crude protein quantification model: the number of latent variables is 12, the corrected root mean square error RMSEE =0.64, and the coefficient R is determined 2 =0.79, relative analytical error RPD =2.17 cross-test: RMSECV =0.71, coefficient R is determined 2 =0.74, relative analytical error RPD =1.92. In fig. 9, the reference value is the national standard measurement value of the soybean meal crude protein, and the predicted value is the crude protein content of the corrected and concentrated soybean meal sample output by the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
S60: and adopting an independent verification set evaluation qualitative judgment model, a soybean meal moisture quantitative model and a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
S61: respectively inputting the near infrared spectrum information of 27 independent verification concentrated bean pulp samples into a qualitative judgment model, calculating the mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the independent verification concentrated to the center of the qualitative judgment model, obtaining the result that the mahalanobis distance of 8 bean pulp samples exceeds the mahalanobis distance threshold value, and confirming that 7 bean pulp samples in the 8 bean pulp samples are the bean pulp processed by the process, and the other 1 bean pulp sample is the bean pulp not processed by the process;
s62: inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples except the 8 soybean meal samples into a soybean meal moisture quantitative model to obtain the moisture contents of the 19 soybean meal samples output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, namely obtaining moisture predicted values corresponding to the 19 soybean meal samples output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, and obtaining a predicted root mean square error RMSEP =0.333;
s63: and inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples excluding the 8 soybean meal samples into a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model to obtain the crude protein contents of the 19 soybean meal samples output by the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, namely to obtain crude protein predicted values corresponding to the 19 soybean meal samples output by the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, and obtaining a predicted root mean square error RMSEP =0.65.
FIG. 10 is a water content scattergram of national standard measurement values of water content and the output of a soybean meal water content quantitative model of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent test set in example 1 of the first aspect of the present application, in which the Root Mean Square Error (RMSEP) of the prediction is 0.333 and the determination coefficient (R) is 2 ) It was 0.76 and the relative analytical error (RPD) was 1.39. In fig. 10, the reference value is the measured value of the moisture national standard method of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent inspection set, and the predicted value is the moisture content of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent inspection set output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model.
FIG. 11 is a scattergram of the national standard crude protein measurements and the crude protein content output from the quantitative model of crude protein from the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent assay set of example 1 of the first aspect of the present application, wherein the Root Mean Square Error (RMSEP) is 0.65 and the coefficient of determination (R) is 0.65 2 ) 0.74 and a relative analytical error (RPD) of 2.14. In fig. 11, the reference value is the national standard measurement value of the crude protein of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent test set, and the predicted value is the crude protein content of the remaining 19 soybean meal samples in the independent test set output by the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model.
Further, the prediction Root Mean Square Error (RMSEP) shown in fig. 10 and 11 described above determines the coefficient (R) 2 ) The model is evaluated against the analytical error (RPD).
As shown in fig. 12, a second aspect of the present application provides a method for detecting quality of soybean meal, including:
obtaining near infrared spectrum information of a soybean meal sample to be detected;
calculating a first mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of the to-be-detected soybean meal sample to a center of a qualitative judgment model of the qualitative judgment model, judging that the to-be-detected soybean meal sample is processed soybean meal when the first mahalanobis distance is greater than or equal to a mahalanobis distance threshold, and judging that the to-be-detected soybean meal sample is unprocessed soybean meal when the first mahalanobis distance is less than the mahalanobis distance threshold;
inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the bean pulp sample to be detected, which is judged to be unprocessed bean pulp, into a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, obtaining the moisture content of the bean pulp sample to be detected, which is output by the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, judging that the bean pulp sample to be detected is a sample with unqualified moisture content when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be detected is greater than or equal to a preset moisture threshold value, and judging that the bean pulp sample to be detected is a sample with qualified moisture content when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be detected is less than the preset moisture threshold value;
inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is judged to be a qualified sample of the moisture content, into a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, obtaining the crude protein content of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, and evaluating the quality grade of the soybean meal sample to be detected according to a preset crude protein content standard, wherein the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model are obtained by pre-construction by the construction method in the first aspect of the application.
In some optional embodiments of the second aspect of the present application, the preset moisture threshold is 12.5% by mass of moisture in the soybean meal. When the mass percentage of the moisture in the bean pulp is more than 12.5%, the bean pulp sample is a sample with unqualified moisture content; and when the mass percentage of the moisture in the bean pulp is less than or equal to 12.5%, the bean pulp sample is a qualified sample with qualified moisture content.
The preset crude protein content standard is: the mass percent of the crude protein in the soybean meal is more than or equal to 48 percent, and the soybean meal sample is a special grade product; if the mass percentage of the crude protein in the soybean meal is more than or equal to 46 percent, the soybean meal sample is a first-grade product; the mass percent of the crude protein in the soybean meal is more than or equal to 43 percent, and the soybean meal sample is a second-grade product; and (3) the mass percent of the crude protein in the soybean meal is more than or equal to 41%, so that the soybean meal sample is a third-grade product.
Because the mass percentage of the water in the bean pulp is required to be less than or equal to 12.5 percent in the preset crude protein content standard. Therefore, in the process of detecting the quality of the soybean meal, the moisture of the soybean meal is detected firstly, and then the content of crude protein in the soybean meal is detected.
The soybean meal quality detection method provided by the second aspect of the application realizes efficient, rapid, accurate and nondestructive detection on the quality of the soybean meal, and is low in detection cost.
The third aspect of the present application provides an apparatus for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model, the apparatus comprising:
the device comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit and a third acquisition unit, wherein the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring construction model data, the construction model data comprises near infrared spectrum information, a crude protein national standard method measurement value and a water national standard method measurement value of each soybean meal sample in a soybean meal sample set, and the soybean meal sample set comprises untreated soybean meal and process-treated soybean meal;
the model building unit is used for dividing the bean pulp sample set into a correction set and an independent verification set, wherein all bean pulp samples in the correction set are unprocessed bean pulp, the independent verification set comprises unprocessed bean pulp and processed bean pulp, the model building unit is used for building a qualitative discrimination model, the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set is processed in a centralized mode to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, the Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center is calculated, and the Mahalanobis distance threshold value is selected according to the preset reliability level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp;
the model construction unit is used for constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking a moisture national standard method measured value of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model by using a partial least square method;
the model construction unit is also used for constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in correction set is used as input of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, a crude protein national standard method measured value of each soybean meal sample in correction set is used as output of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model is constructed by a partial least square method, and the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model jointly form the soybean meal quality detection model.
The fourth aspect of the present application provides a device of short-term test soybean meal quality, the device includes:
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected;
the rapid measuring unit of the bean pulp quality is used for inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the bean pulp sample to be measured, which is determined as unprocessed bean pulp, into the bean pulp moisture quantitative model to obtain the moisture content of the bean pulp sample to be measured, which is output by the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be measured is greater than or equal to a preset moisture threshold value, the bean pulp sample to be measured is determined as a sample with unqualified moisture content, and when the moisture of the bean pulp sample to be measured is less than the preset moisture threshold value, the bean pulp sample to be measured is determined as a sample with qualified moisture content;
the rapid determination unit for the quality of the soybean meal is also used for inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is judged to be the qualified sample of the moisture content, into the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, acquiring the crude protein content of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, and dividing the quality grade of the soybean meal sample to be detected according to the preset crude protein content standard, wherein the qualitative determination model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model are obtained by pre-construction of the device for constructing the soybean meal quality detection model of the third aspect of the application.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made in accordance with design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A construction method of a soybean meal quality detection model is characterized by comprising the following steps:
collecting and dividing samples, namely collecting a plurality of bean pulp samples to form a bean pulp sample set, wherein the bean pulp sample set comprises unprocessed bean pulp and processed bean pulp, and pre-dividing the bean pulp sample set into a preparation correction set and a preparation independent verification set by adopting a principal component analysis method; removing the process-treated soybean meal in the preliminary correction set to form a correction set of which all soybean meal samples are unprocessed soybean meal; merging the process-treated soybean meal removed from the preparation correction set and the preparation independent verification set into the independent verification set, wherein the independent verification set comprises unprocessed soybean meal and process-treated soybean meal;
acquiring construction model data, wherein the construction model data comprises near infrared spectrum information, crude protein national standard method measurement values and water national standard method measurement values of all the soybean meal samples in the soybean meal sample set;
establishing a qualitative discrimination model, performing centralized processing on the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, calculating the mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center, and selecting a mahalanobis distance threshold value according to a preset confidence level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp;
constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, taking the national standard method measured value of the moisture of each bean pulp sample in the correction set as the output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model by using a partial least square method;
constructing a quantitative model of the crude protein of the soybean meal, taking the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set as the input of the quantitative model of the crude protein of the soybean meal, taking the national standard method measured value of the crude protein of each soybean meal sample in the correction set as the output of the quantitative model of the crude protein of the soybean meal, constructing the quantitative model of the crude protein of the soybean meal by using a partial least square method,
the qualitative discrimination model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model jointly form a soybean meal quality detection model.
2. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of obtaining the construction model data, the spectral number range in the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample is 11536 cm -1 ~3952 cm -1 。
3. The method for constructing the qualitative judgment model according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing the centering processing on the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set in the step of constructing the qualitative judgment model comprises:
preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set by adopting a multivariate scattering correction method,
selecting a first wave number range as the wave number range of the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set, wherein the first wave number range is 9400 cm -1 ~5448 cm -1 And 4602 cm -1 ~4246 cm -1 ；
And performing dimensionality reduction on the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the first wave number range in the correction set by adopting principal component analysis to obtain a plurality of score data, taking the first 12 score data to enable the variance interpretation rate to be 99%, and obtaining the qualitative judgment model center based on the first 12 score data.
4. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the quantitative model of the moisture of the soybean meal further comprises the steps of:
preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set by adopting a first derivative and multivariate scattering correction;
selecting a second wavenumber range as said correctionConcentrating the wave number range of the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample, wherein the second wave number range is 9400 cm -1 ~6096 cm -1 And 5454 cm -1 ~4600 cm -1 。
5. The construction method according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing the quantitative model of the crude protein of the soybean meal further comprises:
preprocessing the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set by adopting a minimum and maximum normalization method;
selecting a third wave number range as the wave number range of the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set, wherein the third wave number range is 8448 cm -1 ~7496 cm -1 、6104 cm -1 ~5448 cm -1 And 4600 cm -1 ~4248 cm -1 。
6. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that the construction method of the soybean meal quality detection model further comprises:
and evaluating the qualitative judgment model, the soybean meal water quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model by adopting the independent verification set.
7. A soybean meal quality detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining near infrared spectrum information of a soybean meal sample to be detected;
calculating a first Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of the bean pulp sample to be detected to a center of a qualitative judgment model of the qualitative judgment model, judging the bean pulp sample to be detected to be processed bean pulp when the first Mahalanobis distance is larger than or equal to the Mahalanobis distance threshold, and judging the bean pulp sample to be detected to be unprocessed bean pulp when the first Mahalanobis distance is smaller than the Mahalanobis distance threshold;
inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the to-be-detected soybean meal sample which is determined to be unprocessed soybean meal into a soybean meal moisture quantitative model, acquiring the moisture content of the to-be-detected soybean meal sample output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, determining that the to-be-detected soybean meal sample is a sample with unqualified moisture content when the moisture of the to-be-detected soybean meal sample is greater than or equal to a preset moisture threshold value, and determining that the to-be-detected soybean meal sample is a sample with qualified moisture content when the moisture of the to-be-detected soybean meal sample is less than the preset moisture threshold value;
inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is judged to be a qualified sample of the moisture content, into a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, obtaining the crude protein content of the soybean meal sample to be detected, which is output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, evaluating the quality grade of the soybean meal sample to be detected according to a preset crude protein content standard,
wherein the qualitative discrimination model, the quantitative soybean meal moisture model and the quantitative soybean meal crude protein model are constructed in advance according to the construction method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. A device for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model is characterized by comprising:
the device comprises a first acquisition unit, a second acquisition unit and a third acquisition unit, wherein the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring construction model data, the construction model data comprise near infrared spectrum information, crude protein national standard method measurement values and water national standard method measurement values of all bean pulp samples in a bean pulp sample set, and the bean pulp sample set comprises untreated bean pulp and process-treated bean pulp;
a model construction unit for dividing the soybean meal sample set into a correction set and an independent verification set, wherein all soybean meal samples in the correction set are unprocessed soybean meal, the independent verification set comprises unprocessed soybean meal and processed soybean meal,
the model construction unit is used for constructing a qualitative discrimination model, carrying out centralized processing on the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to obtain a qualitative discrimination model center, calculating the Mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set to the qualitative discrimination model center, and selecting a Mahalanobis distance threshold value according to a preset confidence level to obtain the qualitative discrimination model for discriminating whether the bean pulp sample is unprocessed bean pulp;
the model construction unit is used for constructing a bean pulp moisture quantitative model, near infrared spectrum information of each bean pulp sample in the correction set is used as input of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, the national standard method measured value of moisture of each bean pulp sample in the correction set is used as output of the bean pulp moisture quantitative model, and the partial least square method is used for constructing the bean pulp moisture quantitative model;
the model construction unit is also used for constructing a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, the near infrared spectrum information of each soybean meal sample in the correction set is used as the input of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, the crude protein national standard method measured value of each soybean meal sample in the correction set is used as the output of the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, the partial least square method is used for constructing the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model,
the qualitative discrimination model, the soybean meal moisture quantitative model and the soybean meal crude protein quantitative model jointly form a soybean meal quality detection model.
9. A device for rapidly detecting the quality of soybean meal is characterized by comprising:
the second acquisition unit is used for acquiring near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be detected;
a rapid determination unit for the quality of the soybean meal, which is used for calculating a first mahalanobis distance from the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be determined to the center of a qualitative judgment model of the qualitative judgment model, determining that the soybean meal sample to be determined is the processed soybean meal when the first mahalanobis distance is greater than or equal to the mahalanobis distance threshold, determining that the soybean meal sample to be determined is the unprocessed soybean meal when the first mahalanobis distance is less than the mahalanobis distance threshold,
the rapid determination unit for the quality of the soybean meal is used for inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the to-be-determined soybean meal sample which is determined as unprocessed soybean meal into a soybean meal moisture quantitative model, acquiring the moisture content of the to-be-determined soybean meal sample output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, determining that the to-be-determined soybean meal sample is a sample with unqualified moisture content when the moisture of the to-be-determined soybean meal sample is greater than or equal to a preset moisture threshold, and determining that the to-be-determined soybean meal sample is a sample with qualified moisture content when the moisture of the to-be-determined soybean meal sample is less than the preset moisture threshold;
the rapid soybean meal quality determination unit is also used for inputting the near infrared spectrum information of the soybean meal sample to be determined as the qualified sample of the moisture content into a soybean meal crude protein quantitative model, acquiring the crude protein content of the soybean meal sample to be determined output by the soybean meal moisture quantitative model, dividing the quality grade of the soybean meal sample to be determined according to a preset crude protein content standard,
wherein the qualitative discrimination model, the quantitative soybean meal moisture model and the quantitative soybean meal crude protein model are pre-constructed by the apparatus for constructing a soybean meal quality detection model according to claim 8.
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