CN115468716A - Labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device and testing method - Google Patents
Labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115468716A CN115468716A CN202210874425.XA CN202210874425A CN115468716A CN 115468716 A CN115468716 A CN 115468716A CN 202210874425 A CN202210874425 A CN 202210874425A CN 115468716 A CN115468716 A CN 115468716A
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003781 tooth socket Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of compressors, in particular to a labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device which can conveniently realize testing of labyrinth throttling and gas leakage and comprises a crankcase transmission box and a cylinder, wherein a crankshaft is arranged in the crankcase transmission box and is connected with one end of a piston rod through a connecting rod transmission mechanism, a piston positioned in a piston cavity in the cylinder is arranged on the piston rod, the upper end of the piston cavity is communicated with an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel, a packing box matched with the piston rod is arranged in the cylinder, packing is arranged in the packing box, the outer surface of the piston and the inner wall of the piston cavity are in a tooth shape, a gap is reserved between the outer surface of the piston and the inner wall of the piston cavity, the lower end of the piston cavity is communicated with a leaked gas measuring cavity, a flow sensor is arranged in the measuring cavity, a pressure sensor is arranged on the side wall of the piston, a pressure release valve and a pressure gauge are also arranged in the measuring cavity, and meanwhile, the invention also provides a corresponding testing method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compressors, in particular to a labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device and a testing method.
Background
The labyrinth compressor is a novel compressor which adopts non-contact labyrinth sealing technology between a piston and a cylinder wall and between a piston rod and a filler. The labyrinth piston compressor has non-contact sealing structure, piston and stuffing sealed via labyrinth, and air sucking, compressing and exhausting work cycle. Because of the labyrinth non-contact sealing, in actual use, trace gas is inevitable to pass through a gap between the piston and the cylinder wall, and tests of labyrinth throttling and gas leakage in the reciprocating process are necessary, so that design basis and data verification are provided for improving the sealing performance of the labyrinth compressor, improving the compression efficiency and reducing the energy consumption, and the conventional test device cannot conveniently test.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the sealing performance of a labyrinth piston cannot be conveniently monitored at the position of the piston of the existing labyrinth compressor, the invention provides a testing device for the sealing performance of the labyrinth compressor, which can conveniently realize the testing of labyrinth throttling and gas leakage, and simultaneously provides a corresponding testing method.
The technical scheme is as follows; the utility model provides a labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device, its includes crankcase transmission case and cylinder, be provided with the bent axle in the crankshaft transmission case, the bent axle passes through connecting rod drive mechanism and connects piston rod one end, install on the piston rod and be located the piston in the cylinder piston chamber, piston chamber upper end intercommunication inlet channel and exhaust passage, be provided with in the cylinder with piston rod complex gland packing, be provided with the filler in the gland packing, the piston surface with piston intracavity wall leaves the clearance for profile of tooth and between the two, its characterized in that, piston chamber lower extreme end intercommunication leakage gas measurement chamber, measure the chamber and install flow sensor, install pressure sensor on the piston lateral wall, measure the chamber and still install relief valve and manometer.
The piston is further characterized in that the stuffing box comprises an upper stuffing box and a lower stuffing box which are positioned at two ends of the piston, and the stuffing is arranged in the stuffing box in a floating manner;
the piston rod is provided with a platform stage, the lower end of the piston props against the step surface of the platform stage, and the upper end of the piston is fixed through a locking nut arranged on the piston rod;
the outer wall of the piston is sleeved with a shell, and the outer surface of the shell and the inner wall of the piston cavity are in tooth shapes with different sizes;
the piston comprises a middle shaft sleeve, the end part of the middle shaft sleeve is connected with the middle part of the disc body, the end part of the disc body is connected with a ring body, a dead zone is formed between the middle shaft sleeve and the ring body, and the middle shaft sleeve, the disc body and the ring body are of an integrated structure;
the casing passes through the fix with screw in the ring body, the ring body lateral wall with the pressure sensor mounting hole has been seted up at the shell lateral wall labyrinth tooth bottom.
The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test method is characterized by measuring the gap length B, the gap width c and the annular labyrinth gap cross-sectional area A between a piston and the inner wall of a piston cavity, measuring the tooth space B on the piston and measuring the pressure P of the high-pressure side of the piston 0 Pressure P at the Nth tooth of the labyrinth N And sending the measured value to a data acquisition system, calculating the parameter value by the system, and calculating the leakage amount of the labyrinth seal:
wherein,
k = b/c, R is the gas constant, T 0 Is the gas temperature, P, on the high-pressure side of the piston 0 For measuring the high-side pressure of the piston, P N The pressure at the Nth tooth of the labyrinth;
wherein epsilon is the air intake-exhaust pressure ratio of the piston; n is the rotation speed of the compressor; s is the compressor stroke, psi, theta and gamma are fitting parameters, h is the radial clearance is consistent with the clearance width c, and D is the pistonDiameter, v u The velocity of the gas prior to inspiration.
After the labyrinth compressor is adopted, when the labyrinth compressor works, gas on the compression side of the piston tends to leak towards the non-compression side, when a small amount of compressed gas leaks towards a gap between the piston and the inner wall of the piston cavity, each labyrinth tooth cavity can form a throttling cavity, the pressure of the gas is gradually attenuated through the plurality of throttling cavities until the pressure is equivalent to that of the non-compression side, and the piston is provided with the pressure sensor which can detect the pressure value of the labyrinth throttling cavity and test the throttling effect of the labyrinth; the gas after the labyrinth throttling and pressure relief may enter the measuring cavity in a very small amount, and the gas leakage flow can be detected through the flow sensor, so that the leakage amount in a certain time can be known, and the gas leakage test is conveniently realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a piston structure;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the piston and the inner wall of the piston cavity.
Detailed Description
See fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 shows, a labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device, it includes crankcase transmission case 1 and cylinder 2, be provided with bent axle 3 in the crankcase transmission case 1, bent axle 3 passes through connecting rod drive mechanism 4 and connects piston rod 5 one end, install the piston 7 that is located piston cavity 6 in the cylinder 2 on the piston rod 5, 6 one end intercommunication inlet channel 8 and exhaust passage 9 in the piston cavity, be provided with the stuffing box with piston rod 5 complex in the cylinder 2, the stuffing box is including last stuffing box 10 and lower stuffing box 11 that are located the piston both ends, filler 12 floats and sets up in the stuffing box, 6 other ends intercommunication measurement chamber 13 in the piston cavity, measurement chamber 13 installs flow sensor 14 and relief valve 15.
Two pressure sensors 16 which are arranged in an axial staggered manner are arranged on the side wall of the piston 7, and due to the pressure difference existing between the two ends of the piston, the measurement is carried out through the two pressure sensors 16.
And a housing 17 is arranged at the other end of the piston rod 5, the cylinder 2 is provided with a displacement sensor 18, and the displacement sensor can detect the radial displacement of the piston rod 5 and know the swinging condition of the piston.
The piston rod 5 is provided with a stage, one end of the piston is abutted against the step surface of the stage, and the other end of the piston is fixed through a locking nut 19 arranged on the piston rod 5.
The outer wall of the piston 7 is sleeved with a shell 20, the outer surface of the shell 20 and the inner wall of the piston cavity 6 are in tooth shapes with different sizes, a gap is reserved between the outer surface of the shell 20 and the inner wall of the piston cavity, when a small amount of compressed gas leaks to the gap between the piston and the inner wall of the piston cavity, each labyrinth tooth cavity can form a throttling cavity, under a certain small gap, a small part of medium flows from a high-pressure side to a low-pressure side through each throttling point, when the medium passes through each node, the gas converts pressure energy into kinetic energy, after the gas enters a tooth space, due to sudden expansion of volume, the gas speed drops rapidly (nearly to zero), one part of the kinetic energy is converted into heat energy, and the other part of the kinetic energy is converted into vortex energy. Through the repeated action of the continuously and uniformly distributed throttling and the tooth socket vortex chamber, the pressure of the leaked gas is reduced to the low-pressure side pressure, and the requirement of gas tightness is met.
The piston 7 comprises a middle shaft sleeve 7-1 which is used for being in key fit with the piston rod 5, the end part of the middle shaft sleeve 7-1 is connected with the middle part of the disk body 7-2, the end part of the disk body 7-2 is connected with the ring body 7-3, a vacant area is arranged between the middle shaft sleeve 7-1 and the ring body 7-3 to play a role in weight reduction, and the middle shaft sleeve 7-1, the disk body 7-2 and the ring body 7-3 are of an integrated structure.
The shell 20 is fixed on the ring body through screws 21, installation and replacement are convenient, and pressure sensor mounting holes 22 are formed in the side wall of the ring body 7-3 and the side wall of the shell 20.
The shell 20 can be changed, on the one hand when the shell 20 wearing and tearing are serious, only need to change shell 20, and inside piston body still can continue to use, reduce cost, and on the other hand, when testing, can change different profile of tooth's shell 20 and do the contrast experiment, the cost is reduced equally. A regulating valve and a buffer device are also arranged on the exhaust side.
The method for testing the sealing performance of the labyrinth compressor is characterized in that the length B of a gap between a piston and the inner wall of a piston cavity, the width c of the gap and the cross-sectional area A of an annular labyrinth gap are measured, the tooth space B on the piston is measured, and the pressure P of the high-pressure side of the piston is measured 0 At the Nth tooth of the mazePressure P N And sending the measured value to a data acquisition system, calculating the parameter value by the system, and calculating the leakage amount of the labyrinth seal:
wherein,
k = b/c, R is the gas constant, T 0 Is the gas temperature, P, on the high-pressure side of the piston 0 For measuring the high-side pressure of the piston, P N The pressure at the Nth tooth of the labyrinth;
wherein epsilon is the air intake-exhaust pressure ratio of the piston; n is the rotation speed of the compressor; s is the compressor stroke, psi, theta and gamma are fitting parameters, h is the radial clearance consistent with the clearance width c, D is the piston diameter, v u The velocity of the gas prior to inspiration.
The following is a concrete experimental process according to the given steps:
compressor data table for test
| Speed of compressor | 400～600r/min |
| Utilization mode of cylinder volume | Cover side single action |
| Diameter of piston | 250mm |
| Piston stroke | 90mm |
| Cp/Cv value of inlet (outlet) | 1.33 |
| Test medium | Air (a) |
| An inlet | T＝29℃；P＝0.10133MPa(A) |
| An outlet | T≤150℃；P≤0.6MPa(A) |
Three-factor three-level orthogonal test is performed on a test device, the test frequency can be effectively reduced on the premise of not reducing the test precision, and the test scheme is arranged as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 labyrinth seal orthogonal test protocol
The test data is collected by a data acquisition system and is calibrated and converted by LabVIEW software, and formula parameters are fitted by using static software according to the test result data to obtain
Can calculate corresponding leakage quantity in substituting leakage quantity computational formula with above-mentioned formula, again with this leakage quantity and the actual value that flow sensor surveyed carry out the comparison, both numerical values can have a micro deviation, because flow sensor measures and equally can have the error, consequently, the leakage quantity that obtains through the calculation is at the within range of agreeing with actual value of surveying, can deem both to be unanimous, according to the leakage quantity that obtains of calculation, can know the leakage condition of piston department, can know the factor that influences the leakage according to the formula, what have following points to letting out leakage quantity cause main influence:
1. maze shape
The geometrical shape and size of the labyrinth seal cavity have a great influence on the labyrinth seal effect, which directly influences the strength of the vortex formed in the cavity, i.e. the degree of conversion of kinetic energy into heat energy in the cavity. Two important geometrical parameters of the cavity are the cavity depth and the cavity width, and there is an optimum value for the ratio of the two, i.e. the aspect ratio.
The labyrinth seal tooth profile is an important parameter influencing the labyrinth structure, and the common tooth profiles mainly comprise: rectangular teeth, trapezoidal teeth, triangular teeth, etc. By combining the processing conditions and the use experience, the labyrinth compressor generally adopts isosceles trapezoid teeth to form an equilateral triangle labyrinth cavity.
2. Width of gap
The width of the gap between the sealing pairs has a great influence on the sealing performance of the labyrinth. Theoretically, the gap width of the labyrinth should be as small as possible in order to reduce leakage, but in practice, too small a gap width is disadvantageous. If the inertia force is unbalanced to make the piston swing when the machine runs, the contact abrasion between the piston and the cylinder can be caused if the gap width is designed to be too small, the sealing effect is lost, and parts can be damaged; in addition, due to the difference of the material performance of the sealing element (such as a cast iron cylinder matched with an aluminum piston and a steel piston rod matched with graphite filler), if the sealing element is expanded too much and fills the original gap and the wall surface to generate severe friction, the vibration is aggravated due to the friction, the temperature is increased, the sealing element and the wall surface are seriously damaged, and even the complete machine failure is caused. Therefore, the gap width can be increased appropriately, as the machining assembly level, the operating conditions, and the economy permit. Typically, labyrinth compressors are run in to achieve an optimum clearance. By slowly increasing the compression ratio, causing the piston to gradually increase in temperature and expand, the running-in process can cause the cylinder wall and the piston labyrinth end to contact, thereby running-in to create an optimum clearance.
3. Number of teeth in labyrinth
In theory of labyrinth cavity energy dissipation, the longer the sealing length is, the better the sealing effect is, but in practice, the length of the sealing pair is limited by many conditions, and the length design must be established on the basis of stable performance and good economic performance of the whole machine. Document [2] states that, for a given seal length, there is an optimum number of teeth, so that the leakage is minimal.
4. Speed of compressor
The rotating speed is an extremely important performance parameter of the labyrinth compressor, and improper selection of the rotating speed can bring some adverse factors to the labyrinth compressor. On the basis of ensuring the use reliability of the compressor and having higher efficiency, the rotating speed is increased, so that the volume and the weight of the machine can be reduced, the processing cost and the material are saved, the labyrinth sealing performance can be obviously improved, and the higher the rotating speed is, the smaller the leakage amount is.
According to the leakage requirement, each parameter can be adjusted to obtain the leakage up to the standard, and data reference can be provided for unit design.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device, its includes crankcase transmission case and cylinder, be provided with the bent axle in the crankshaft transmission case, the bent axle passes through connecting rod drive mechanism and connects piston rod one end, install on the piston rod and be located the piston in the cylinder piston chamber, piston chamber upper end intercommunication inlet channel and exhaust passage, be provided with in the cylinder with piston rod complex gland packing, be provided with the filler in the gland packing, the piston surface with piston intracavity wall leaves the clearance for profile of tooth and between the two, its characterized in that, piston chamber lower extreme end intercommunication leakage gas measurement chamber, measure the chamber and install flow sensor, install pressure sensor on the piston lateral wall, measure the chamber and still install relief valve and manometer.
2. The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stuffing box comprises an upper stuffing box and a lower stuffing box which are arranged at two ends of the piston, and the stuffing is arranged in the stuffing box in a floating manner.
3. The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piston rod is provided with a stage, the lower end of the piston abuts against a step surface of the stage, and the upper end of the piston is fixed by a lock nut mounted on the piston rod.
4. The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the piston is sleeved with a housing, and the outer surface of the housing and the inner wall of the piston cavity are in tooth shapes with different sizes.
5. The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piston includes a middle shaft sleeve, the middle shaft sleeve is connected to the middle of the disk body, the disk body is connected to the ring body, a vacant area is formed between the middle shaft sleeve and the ring body, and the middle shaft sleeve, the disk body and the ring body are of an integrated structure.
6. The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the casing is fixed to the ring body through screws, and pressure sensor mounting holes are formed in the side wall of the ring body and the labyrinth tooth bottoms of the side wall of the casing.
7. The labyrinth compressor sealing performance test method is characterized by measuring the gap length B, the gap width c and the annular labyrinth gap cross-sectional area A between a piston and the inner wall of a piston cavity, measuring the tooth space B on the piston and measuring the pressure P of the high-pressure side of the piston 0 Pressure P at the Nth tooth of the labyrinth N And sending the measured value to a data acquisition system, calculating the parameter value by the system, and calculating the leakage amount of the labyrinth seal:
wherein,
k = b/c, R is the gas constant, T 0 Is the gas temperature, P, on the high-pressure side of the piston 0 For measuring the high-side pressure of the piston, P N The pressure at the Nth tooth of the labyrinth;
wherein epsilon is the air intake-exhaust pressure ratio of the piston; n is the rotation speed of the compressor; s is the compressor stroke, psi, theta and gamma are fitting parameters, h is the radial clearance is consistent with the clearance width c, D is the piston diameter, v u The velocity of the gas prior to inspiration.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210874425.XA CN115468716A (en) | 2022-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | Labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device and testing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210874425.XA CN115468716A (en) | 2022-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | Labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device and testing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115468716A true CN115468716A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210874425.XA Pending CN115468716A (en) | 2022-07-21 | 2022-07-21 | Labyrinth compressor sealing performance testing device and testing method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN115468716A (en) |
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- 2022-07-21 CN CN202210874425.XA patent/CN115468716A/en active Pending
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