CN115453369B - Method for predicting consistency and diagnosing faults of fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for predicting consistency and diagnosing faults of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method for predicting consistency and diagnosing faults of a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: firstly, presetting a fuel cell performance prediction model; and then, according to the fuel cell performance prediction model, the operation parameters meeting the output performance characteristics of the fuel cell are found and used as standard output characteristic values of the fuel cell engine system, and then, the real-time output characteristic values are compared in the running process of the fuel cell engine to carry out fault diagnosis. The invention can solve the problems of the prior art that the output performance of the fuel cell is predicted on one side and the fault diagnosis is on one side.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method for predicting consistency and diagnosing faults of a fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a power generation device for directly converting chemical energy existing in fuel and oxidant into electric energy, and is commonly used in a fuel cell engine system, wherein fuel and air are respectively fed into the fuel cell, so that electric energy is rapidly generated, and the fuel cell is used as a power driving device of an engine and cannot generate sulfide and the like polluting the air.
In the process of increasing development of fuel cell engine systems, the performance, service life and cost of fuel cells are becoming the focus of increasing attention, and the performance of fuel cells can directly affect the service life and cost of fuel cells, because the operation of fuel cells is accompanied by a plurality of complicated multi-parameter highly coupled electrochemical reactions, and the output performance of fuel cells under different operation parameters can be different, therefore, when testing the performance of fuel cells, proper operation parameters need to be set according to the characteristics of fuel cells to ensure the stability of the performance of fuel cells, however, the process of searching for proper operation parameters is very complicated, a great number of experimental tests are needed, and irreversible performance degradation of fuel cells is easy to be caused under extreme conditions, thereby affecting the service life of fuel cell systems and increasing the cost of maintenance and use.
In the prior art, a great deal of researches are carried out by selecting and establishing a fuel cell model to predict the output performance of the fuel cell under different operation parameters, and carrying out fault diagnosis of a fuel cell system based on the established fuel cell model, so that the resource waste caused by experimental tests is avoided, but the researches on the fuel cell model are mostly aimed at the average voltage of a single fuel cell or a plurality of fuel cell stacks, the output performance of the single fuel cell and the consistency among the plurality of fuel cells can influence the whole output performance of the fuel cell stacks, and besides consistency, the influence factors of the output performance of the fuel cell also comprise steady-state characteristics and dynamic characteristics, so that the prediction of the output performance of the fuel cell is carried out by only researching the average voltage among single cells or a plurality of cells or the consistency among the batteries, the prediction result is more one-sided, and the fault diagnosis on the fuel cell system is not comprehensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for predicting the consistency of a fuel cell and diagnosing faults, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the output performance of the fuel cell is predicted by researching the average voltage among single cells or multiple cells or the consistency among cells, so that the prediction result is relatively one-sided, and the fault diagnosis of a fuel cell system is not comprehensive.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method of fuel cell consistency prediction and fault diagnosis, comprising:
s1: presetting a fuel cell performance prediction model;
s2: inputting the set different fuel cell operation parameters into a fuel cell performance prediction model, finding out expected operation parameters meeting the fuel cell performance prediction model, and carrying out a fuel cell test experiment on the expected operation parameters so as to obtain standard output characteristic values under different working points meeting the fuel cell performance requirements;
s3: taking expected operation parameters as input in the running process of the fuel cell engine system, taking standard output characteristic values as standards, and comparing the actual output characteristic values and the standard output characteristic values of different working points of the fuel cell engine system in real time according to preset error threshold values to generate comparison results;
s4: and if the comparison result of the actual output of the fuel cell engine system and the node pressure characteristic value in the comparison result exceeds a preset error threshold value, performing fault diagnosis.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: the preset fuel cell performance prediction model is used for a prediction model established according to the characteristics of a fuel cell, different set operation parameters are input through the fuel cell performance prediction model, expected operation parameters are found out through continuous input verification, the expected operation parameters are defined as more than one group of expected operation parameters, the expected operation parameters are used for representing the operation parameters capable of representing the output performance of the fuel cell, therefore, a test experiment is required to be carried out on the expected operation parameters, whether the expected operation parameters can meet the output performance requirement of the fuel cell voltage in the actual application process or not can be verified through the test experiment, therefore, the expected operation parameters can meet the theoretical requirement and the actual application requirement, and the output results of the determined expected operation parameters at different operation points in the fuel cell performance prediction model are used as standard output characteristic values of the fuel cell.
And then, in the running process of the fuel cell engine system, taking the standard output characteristic value as a standard, detecting the actual output characteristic value of the fuel cell engine system at different working points in real time, comparing the actual output characteristic value with the standard output characteristic value, and if the error between the actual output characteristic value of the current working point and the standard output characteristic value in the comparison result exceeds a preset error threshold value, indicating that the current fuel cell working point has a fault problem, thereby being capable of detecting the fault in advance before the fault occurs and avoiding the downtime of the fuel cell engine system.
Therefore, the method has the advantages that the standard output characteristic value capable of meeting the output performance of the fuel cell is found out through establishing the fuel cell performance prediction model and experimental tests, the standard output characteristic value can be used as the evaluation standard of the output result in the whole fuel cell engine system, and the standard output characteristic value is used for representing the output performance of the fuel cell, so that the covered fuel cell has more characteristics, and compared with the evaluation of the consistency of the power voltage of the fuel cell, the evaluation range of the output performance of the method is more comprehensive, the evaluation index is more accurate, and the fault diagnosis is also more comprehensive and accurate.
Further, the S1 includes:
s1-1: acquiring the dynamic characteristic and the steady-state characteristic of the power-saving voltage of the fuel cell output current in the step, and establishing the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell;
s1-2: establishing a fuel cell power saving voltage consistency evaluation index according to standard deviation and extreme difference of power saving voltages of a plurality of cells in the fuel cell stack;
s1-3: and establishing a fuel cell performance prediction model according to the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell and the fuel cell power saving voltage consistency evaluation index.
The beneficial effects are that: the characteristics of the fuel cell are divided into steady-state characteristics, dynamic characteristics and power-saving voltage consistency, the performance of the fuel cell can be predicted and assessed through the steady-state characteristics and the dynamic characteristics, the output performance of the fuel cell stack can be predicted and assessed through the power-saving voltage consistency, the steady-state characteristics, the dynamic characteristics and the power-saving voltage consistency are combined and comprehensively judged, and the output performance of the fuel cell can be predicted and assessed more comprehensively.
Further, the S2 includes:
s2-1: setting a plurality of groups of operating parameters of the fuel cells, and inputting the operating parameters of the fuel cells as boundary conditions into a fuel cell performance prediction model;
s2-2: obtaining steady-state characteristics, dynamic characteristics and node voltage consistency of the fuel cell at different working points according to the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell unit cells and the fuel cell unit voltage consistency evaluation index in the fuel cell performance prediction model, and generating an output result;
s2-3: comparing the output result with a preset expected value, if the comparison result is within a preset expected value error threshold, executing S2-4, otherwise repeatedly executing S2-1 to S2-3;
s2-4: and (3) carrying out a fuel cell test experiment on the fuel cell operation parameters meeting the expected value error threshold, judging whether the experimental result meets the performance requirement of the fuel cell, if not, repeating the steps S2-1 to S2-3, and if so, outputting a standard output characteristic value meeting the performance requirement of the fuel cell.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the fuel cell performance prediction model, steady-state characteristics, dynamic characteristics and power-saving voltage consistency of the fuel cell can be effectively simulated, whether the steady-state characteristics, the dynamic characteristics and the power-saving voltage consistency meet output performance expectations of the fuel cell or not is judged through output results, expected operation parameters are obtained, whether the expected operation parameters meet the output performance of the fuel cell or not is verified through experiments, and the model output results under the met conditions represent standard output characteristic values of the fuel cell, so that the operation parameters meeting the output performance requirements of the fuel cell can be obtained through continuous testing and verification.
Further, the operating parameters of the fuel cell include fuel cell operating density, fuel cell operating pressure, fuel cell operating temperature, and reactant gas flow.
The beneficial effects are that: the fuel cell working density, the fuel cell working pressure, the fuel cell working temperature and the reaction gas flow are used as operation parameters, so that the fuel cell output performance difference under the parameter condition can be obtained, and the optimal output performance of the fuel cell can be conveniently obtained.
Further, the step S3 includes:
s3-1: obtaining a standard output characteristic value meeting the performance requirement of the fuel cell through a fuel cell performance prediction model and a fuel cell test experiment;
s3-2: acting a desired operating parameter on the fuel cell engine system;
s3-3: when the fuel cell engine system is running, comparing the real-time output characteristic value with the standard output characteristic value;
s3-4: if the comparison error of the real-time output characteristic value and the standard output characteristic value exceeds a preset error threshold value, judging that the fuel cell engine system fails.
The beneficial effects are that: the expected operation parameters meeting the output performance of the fuel cell can be obtained through the fuel cell performance prediction model, the expected operation parameters are the expected operation parameters, the expected operation parameters are taken as the input of the fuel cell engine system, the error difference between the output result and the standard output characteristic value cannot exceed a preset error threshold, if the error difference exceeds the preset error threshold, the fault of the fuel cell engine system is indicated, and therefore the fault of the fuel cell engine system can be detected and diagnosed in advance, and the system downtime caused by the fault in the actual operation process is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell output current step process according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an electrochemical model of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a voltage variation phenomenon of a fuel cell according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of fuel cell performance prediction and fault diagnosis according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flow chart of a fuel cell failure resolution according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
in the actual operation of the fuel cell, the output performance of the fuel cell may have a certain difference due to different external conditions, and when the fuel cell operates under different operation parameters, the output performance of the fuel cell may show different characteristics, so in order to better compare the output performance of the fuel cell under different conditions, a set of performance evaluation indexes capable of reflecting the characteristics of the fuel cell is needed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the output performance of the fuel cell, and the performance evaluation indexes of the characteristics of the fuel cell can be used to predict and diagnose the faults of the fuel cell system.
The application provides a method for predicting consistency and diagnosing faults of fuel cells, which specifically comprises the following steps:
embodiment one:
embodiment one is substantially as shown in figures 1 and 5: a method of fuel cell consistency prediction and fault diagnosis, comprising:
s1: presetting a fuel cell performance prediction model;
wherein S1 comprises:
s1-1: acquiring the dynamic characteristic and the steady-state characteristic of the power-saving voltage of the output current of the fuel cell during transition, and establishing the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell;
s1-2: establishing a fuel cell power saving voltage consistency evaluation index according to standard deviation and extreme difference of power saving voltages of a plurality of cells in the fuel cell stack;
s1-3: and establishing a fuel cell performance prediction model according to the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell and the fuel cell power saving voltage consistency evaluation index.
In the research of the prior art, the output performance characteristic of the fuel cell is generally characterized by the output voltage of the fuel cell under the given current output, so that the fuel cell performance prediction model established in the application is mainly established according to the output voltage of the fuel cell; as shown in FIG. 2, in the present embodimentIn (c) by studying the output current of the fuel cell in a stepwise manner from I 0 Increase to I 1 In this case, the fuel cell voltage is undershooted, and thus it can be found that when the output current is I 0 When the amplitude of the voltage-saving is V 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the output current is increased to I 1 When the power-saving voltage is in undershoot, firstly, the power-saving voltage is instantaneously reduced to V 1 Then gradually increase and recover to V ∞ Thus, in the whole process, the voltage is reduced from V 0 To V 1 The difference of (a) is defined as DeltaV 1 Indicating that the fuel cell DC source is operating at current I 0 Step to I 1 The residual voltage after the activation loss, ohmic loss and concentration loss of the battery can be delta V 1 To characterize the steady state characteristics of the fuel cell under current conditions; voltage-saving from V 1 Gradually return to V ∞ The process of (1) is called the recovery process of the voltage undershoot, defined as DeltaV 2 Represents the process of gradually returning the fuel cell to steady state after loss through capacitance, inductance and internal resistance, and thus adopts DeltaV 2 Characterizing the dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell under the current conditions.
Wherein the steady state characteristic DeltaV of the fuel cell 1 And dynamic characteristics DeltaV 2 As shown in fig. 3, the steady-state characteristic Δv of the fuel cell 1 The calculation formula is specifically as follows:
ΔV 1 ＝E cell -V act -V ohm -V con
E cell representing Nernst voltage, V act Represents the activation loss voltage, V ohm Representing ohmic loss voltage, V con Representing a concentration loss voltage;
wherein:
wherein c 1 Being constant, i represents the fuel cell output current density;
wherein T is fc Indicating the operating temperature of the fuel cell,
indicating the partial pressure of anode hydrogen, ">
Represents the partial pressure of cathode oxygen, P ca Represents the cathode pressure of the fuel cell, P sat Represents the saturated vapor pressure of the fuel cell;
b 2 ＝b 11 λ m -b 12
wherein t is m Represents the thickness lambda of the proton exchange membrane of the natural connected battery m Represents the water content of the proton exchange membrane, b 1 、b 11 、b 12 Representing a constant;
wherein i is max Represents the current density when the fuel cell performance is drastically reduced, c 3 Is constant, resistance R act Represents the activation loss, resistance R o h m Represents ohmic loss, resistance R con Indicating concentration loss.
Steady state characteristics DeltaV of fuel cell 2 The calculation formula of (a) is specifically as follows:
ΔV 2 ＝I×R L_para
wherein R is L_para Representing the internal resistance:
wherein k, a 2 、r、a 3 Are all constant.
Thus, the above DeltaV 1 And DeltaV 2 The present embodiment is used to characterize the output performance characteristics of the fuel cell unit cells as an index for evaluating the performance of the unit cells.
As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a graph showing the phenomenon of non-uniformity of the fuel cell voltage during experimental test, and the uniformity of the fuel cell voltage is represented by selecting standard deviation and range of a plurality of cells, specifically,
wherein the standard deviation Std of the fuel cell voltage cell Obtained by the following formula:
where n is the number of fuel cells in the fuel cell stack, V cell To pass throughEach fuel cell voltage section acquired by patrol and inspection of the fuel cell voltage section;
fuel cell power saving voltage difference R cell Obtained by the following formula:
R cell ＝Max(V cell )-Min(V Cell )
the method is used for analyzing the consistency of the fuel cell stack voltage through comprehensive analysis of the standard deviation and the extreme difference of the fuel cell power saving.
Thus, by the above-described calculation model, Δv for characterizing the steady-state characteristics of the fuel cell can be obtained 1 DeltaV for characterizing fuel cell dynamics 2 And a fuel cell performance prediction model for characterizing fuel cell stack voltage uniformity with respect to standard deviation and extreme power of the voltage.
S2: inputting the set different fuel cell operation parameters into a fuel cell performance prediction model, finding out expected operation parameters meeting the fuel cell performance prediction model, and carrying out a fuel cell test experiment on the expected operation parameters so as to obtain standard output characteristic values under different working points meeting the fuel cell performance requirements;
wherein S2 includes:
s2-1: setting a plurality of groups of operating parameters of the fuel cells, and inputting the operating parameters of the fuel cells as boundary conditions into a fuel cell performance prediction model;
s2-2: obtaining steady-state characteristics, dynamic characteristics and node voltage consistency of the fuel cell at different working points according to the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell unit cells and the fuel cell unit voltage consistency evaluation index in the fuel cell performance prediction model, and generating an output result;
s2-3: comparing the output result with a preset expected value, if the comparison result is within a preset expected value error threshold, executing S2-4, otherwise repeatedly executing S2-1 to S2-3;
s2-4: and (3) carrying out a fuel cell test experiment on the fuel cell operation parameters meeting the expected value error threshold, judging whether the experimental result meets the performance requirement of the fuel cell, if not, repeating the steps S2-1 to S2-3, and if so, outputting a standard output characteristic value meeting the performance requirement of the fuel cell.
In this embodiment, the specific implementation manner of S2 is that, firstly, a set of fuel cell operation parameters including the fuel cell operation density, the fuel cell operation pressure, the fuel cell operation temperature, the fuel cell reaction gas flow and the like are selected, the operation parameters are used as boundary conditions and input into a fuel cell performance prediction model, the fuel cell performance prediction model obtains the output performance of the fuel cell under the current condition according to the operation parameters, according to the output result of the model, the performance evaluation index is combined, in this embodiment, the performance evaluation index is selected according to experience of an experimenter, then the output characteristic values under the operation parameters, namely the steady-state characteristic, the dynamic characteristic and the node pressure consistency of the fuel cell are determined, the steady-state characteristic, the dynamic characteristic and the node pressure consistency of the fuel cell are compared with expected values, if the error between the model output result and the expected value is within a preset error threshold of expected value, in this embodiment is + -5%, the fuel cell output performance corresponding to the current operation parameters is considered to be better, if the error between the model output result and the expected value exceeds 5%, the output performance of the fuel cell under the current operation parameters cannot meet the requirement, the operation parameters needs to be re-related to the operation parameters to test until the output performance meets the condition, and the fuel cell meets the requirement and the actual operation performance test parameters are verified by the fuel cell.
S3: taking expected operation parameters as input in the running process of the fuel cell engine system, taking standard output characteristic values as standards, and comparing the actual output characteristic values and the standard output characteristic values of different working points of the fuel cell engine system in real time according to preset error threshold values to generate comparison results;
wherein S3 includes:
s3-1: obtaining a standard output characteristic value meeting the performance requirement of the fuel cell through a fuel cell performance prediction model and a fuel cell test experiment;
s3-2: acting a desired operating parameter on the fuel cell engine system;
s3-3: when the fuel cell engine system is running, comparing the real-time output characteristic value with the standard output characteristic value;
s3-4: if the comparison error of the real-time output characteristic value and the standard output characteristic value exceeds a preset error threshold value, judging that the fuel cell engine system fails.
In the present embodiment, in actual operation, various failures are inevitably encountered due to the complexity of the operating conditions, and therefore how quickly to perform failure detection has a very important meaning for the reliability of the fuel cell engine system. Most of the traditional fault detection uses the lowest voltage as a fault detection standard, namely when the lowest voltage is detected to reach a certain set value, the fault is considered to occur, and the fault detection mode is naturally useful, but can not realize the pre-judgment of the fault, and even if the fault is judged, the fault can only be debugged by adopting a mode of stopping the system, and the reliability of the system can not be improved.
Therefore, according to the fuel cell performance prediction model preset in S1, the standard output characteristic value of the fuel cell in the fuel cell engine system, that is, the steady state characteristic, the dynamic characteristic and the consistency of the power saving voltage, is obtained, the standard output characteristic value is used as the fuel cell output performance standard of the fuel cell engine system, when the fuel cell engine system operates, the expected operation parameter is used as the input operation parameter of the fuel cell in the fuel cell engine system, the real-time output characteristic value and the standard output characteristic value are compared, if the comparison result exceeds the preset error threshold value, which is 10% in the embodiment, the fault of the fuel cell is determined, and then the overhaul and the maintenance are performed, so that the reliability of the system is improved by inputting the expected operation parameter capable of being used for fault diagnosis in advance, and the phenomenon that the fuel cell engine is down due to the fault is avoided.
Embodiment two:
as shown in fig. 6, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that, in the second embodiment, the method further includes determining a fault level according to a fault diagnosis result, and executing a corresponding solution according to the fault level, specifically:
s4: when fault diagnosis is carried out, judging a fault grade according to the comparison result of the real-time output characteristic value and the standard output characteristic value, and executing a fault solution according to the fault grade judgment;
wherein S4 includes:
s4-1: presetting a three-level fault error threshold, if the comparison result is within the preset three-level fault error threshold, improving the input of the working pressure and the gas flow in the operation parameters of the fuel cell, and simultaneously giving an early warning to the fuel cell engine system;
specifically, in S4-1, a three-level fault error threshold is preset to be 10% -15%, if the error of the comparison result is between 10% -15%, and if the error does not include 15%, the three-level fault is determined, and at this time, the performance of the fuel cell can be prevented from continuously deteriorating by increasing the input of the operating pressure and the gas flow rate in the operating parameters of the fuel cell to 120% of the original, so that the performance of the fuel cell can be improved by increasing the operating pressure and the gas flow rate; and finally, sending out early warning to the fuel cell engine system.
S4-2: presetting a secondary fault error threshold, if the comparison result is within the preset secondary fault error threshold, forcibly executing load reduction operation, reducing the output power of the fuel cell, and feeding back a fault state to the fuel cell engine system;
specifically, in this embodiment, the preset secondary fault error threshold is 15% -20%, if the error of the comparison result is 15% -20%, it is determined that the secondary fault occurs in the fuel cell, and the output power of the fuel cell is reduced to half of the original output power by forcibly executing the load-reducing operation, so that the performance can be prevented from continuously deteriorating; while feeding back a fault condition to the fuel cell engine system.
S4-3: and presetting a first-level fault error threshold, if the comparison result is within the preset first-level fault error threshold, immediately completing load reduction operation, keeping the fuel cell open, locking the fuel cell engine system, and restarting after the fault detection is completed.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the preset primary fault error threshold is more than 20%, if the comparison result determines that the fuel cell belongs to the primary fault, this indicates that there is a serious fault in the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell needs to be immediately unloaded, and the fault is troubleshooted, so as to avoid the sudden downtime phenomenon of the early-stage fuel cell engine system during operation.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and the specific structures and features well known in the art are not described in any way herein, so that those skilled in the art will be able to ascertain all prior art in the field, and will not be able to ascertain any prior art to which this invention pertains, without the general knowledge of the skilled person in the field, before the application date or the priority date, to practice the present invention, with the ability of these skilled persons to perfect and practice this invention, with the help of the teachings of this application, with some typical known structures or methods not being the obstacle to the practice of this application by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for predicting consistency and diagnosing faults of a fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprising the following steps:
s1: presetting a fuel cell performance prediction model;
s2: inputting the set different fuel cell operation parameters into a fuel cell performance prediction model, finding out expected operation parameters meeting the fuel cell performance prediction model, and carrying out a fuel cell test experiment on the expected operation parameters so as to obtain standard output characteristic values under different working points meeting the fuel cell performance requirements;
s3: taking expected operation parameters as input in the running process of the fuel cell engine system, taking standard output characteristic values as standards, and comparing the actual output characteristic values and the standard output characteristic values of different working points of the fuel cell engine system in real time according to preset error threshold values to generate comparison results;
s4: if the comparison result of the actual output of the fuel cell engine system and the node pressure characteristic value in the comparison result exceeds a preset error threshold value, fault diagnosis is carried out;
the S1 comprises the following steps:
s1-1: acquiring the dynamic characteristic and the steady-state characteristic of the power-saving voltage of the fuel cell output current in the step, and establishing the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell;
s1-2: establishing a fuel cell power saving voltage consistency evaluation index according to standard deviation and extreme difference of power saving voltages of a plurality of cells in the fuel cell stack;
s1-3: and establishing a fuel cell performance prediction model according to the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell and the fuel cell power saving voltage consistency evaluation index.
2. A method of fuel cell consistency prediction and fault diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein: the step S2 comprises the following steps:
s2-1: setting a plurality of groups of operating parameters of the fuel cells, and inputting the operating parameters of the fuel cells as boundary conditions into a fuel cell performance prediction model;
s2-2: obtaining steady-state characteristics, dynamic characteristics and node voltage consistency of the fuel cell at different working points according to the performance evaluation index of the fuel cell unit cells and the fuel cell unit voltage consistency evaluation index in the fuel cell performance prediction model, and generating an output result;
s2-3: comparing the output result with a preset expected value, if the comparison result is within a preset expected value error threshold, executing S2-4, otherwise repeatedly executing S2-1 to S2-3;
s2-4: and (3) carrying out a fuel cell test experiment on the fuel cell operation parameters meeting the expected value error threshold, judging whether the experimental result meets the performance requirement of the fuel cell, if not, repeating the steps S2-1 to S2-3, and if so, outputting a standard output characteristic value meeting the performance requirement of the fuel cell.
3. A method of fuel cell consistency prediction and fault diagnosis according to claim 2, wherein: the fuel cell operating parameters include fuel cell operating density, fuel cell operating pressure, fuel cell operating temperature, and reactant gas flow.
4. A method of fuel cell consistency prediction and fault diagnosis according to claim 1, wherein: the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s3-1: obtaining a standard output characteristic value meeting the performance requirement of the fuel cell through a fuel cell performance prediction model and a fuel cell test experiment;
s3-2: acting a desired operating parameter on the fuel cell engine system;
s3-3: when the fuel cell engine system is running, comparing the real-time output characteristic value with the standard output characteristic value;
s3-4: if the comparison error of the real-time output characteristic value and the standard output characteristic value exceeds a preset error threshold value, judging that the fuel cell engine system fails.
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