CN115452743A - Lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lensless single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination. And then, directly recovering the high-resolution high signal-to-noise ratio phase information of the object by combining a multi-wavelength iterative phase recovery method with dynamic phase support constraint. The invention does not need to carry out complicated modification on the traditional lens-free on-chip microscope, and can endow the lens-free on-chip with the capability of fast and long-time single-frame phase recovery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to optical microscopic measurement and unmarked phase recovery technology, and particularly relates to a lensless single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination.
Background
In the fields of cell biology, digital pathology, high-throughput drug screening and the like, the demand for observing and recording subcellular information of high-throughput biological samples is increasing day by day. However, the conventional microscope has difficulty in balancing the magnification of the objective lens with the imaging field of view (FOV), and cannot simultaneously achieve high resolution and large field of view imaging. Although the limitation of the scanning displacement platform and the splicing algorithm (Brown M, lowe D G. Automatic parallel image using in a variable features [ J ]. International journal of computer vision,2007,74 (1): 59-73.) can be broken through, the complexity of the system is greatly increased at the same time, and the system is difficult to be widely applied in biology and medical science.
In recent years, the advent and development of lensless on-chip holographic microscopes (LFOCM) have broken the limitations of field of view size (FOV) and resolution in conventional microscopes, with the unique advantage of being able to image on the original field of view of the imaging sensor without any imaging lenses and other intermediate optical elements. The resolution of a conventional lensless imaging system is limited by the sampling frequency and diffraction limit of the pixel, and the sensor pixel size is a major factor affecting the imaging resolution due to its effective Numerical Aperture (NA) close to 1. Therefore, in most lensless imaging systems, a high coherence laser source and a small pixel sensor have been used to obtain high resolution results. Meanwhile, in the field of pixel super-resolution, a plurality of methods such as active parallel plate scanning, axial scanning of a sample-to-sensor distance or multi-wavelength scanning using an ultra-wide laser are invented, and the limitation of the sampling frequency of a sensor pixel is broken through to obtain higher resolution.
However, in the field of optical phase microscopy, the adoption of partially coherent illumination has great significance for improving imaging quality and resolution and suppressing coherent noise. Thus, there have been many related works both in recent years and abroad, ozcan et al developed a miniaturized lens-free system using LED illumination (Pushkarsky, I., liu, Y., weaver, W.et al. Automated single-cell mobility analysis on a chip using lens from micro Optics. Sci. Rep4,4717 (2014). Https:// doi.org/10.1038/srep 04717), and Zuo et al realized experimental system using LED array illumination with no mechanical displacement (Zuo C, sun J, zhang J, et al. Light phase Optics and diffusion with multiple-angle and multiple-imaging Optics with simplified laser imaging 3763, 14311: simplified imaging of the entire LED from the LED array illumination: simplified imaging system [ 14363, 14363 ] and reduced noise. However, according to the theoretical analysis before Zuo et al (Zhang J, sun J, chen Q, et al. Resolution analysis in a lens-free on-chip digital pharmacological Microscope [ J ]. IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging,2020, 6-697-710.. Insufficient space-time coherence of the LED light source causes diffraction high-frequency information to be mixed into a low-frequency area, so that extra resolution loss is caused, and even the sampling frequency of a replacement pixel becomes a main factor for limiting the imaging resolution.
In view of the above problems, in order to achieve higher resolution in a system of partially coherent illumination, until now, only a few efforts have compensated for the loss of resolution due to insufficient spatio-temporal coherence of the partially coherent light source, ozcan et al have compensated for the effect of temporal coherence on the imaging resolution using coherent modal decomposition (Sencan I, coskid a F, sikora U, et al, spectral subtraction in holovision and fluorescence on-chip microscopicity [ J ]. Scientific reports,2014,4 (1): 1-9.), and Feng et al have compensated to some extent the loss of resolution due to insufficient spatial coherence for a lens in-linear imaging with the resolution of the sample 3262, but they have performed simply on the sample 3262 using deconvolution methods (wing S, wu J. Resolution enhancement methods). Therefore, a single-frame phase recovery technique based on a lensless microscope on a chip illuminated by an LED and a long-term dynamic quantitative phase imaging observation of a biological sample have not been reported so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination comprises the following steps:
and 3, updating the complex amplitude of the iterative object by using the sub-wavelength of the digital segmentation and the shot hologram to obtain the object phase, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
transmitting an original intensity image to a focus plane by using the sub-wavelength of a wide-spectrum LED to obtain object plane complex amplitude, and respectively implementing phase support constraint and uniform light intensity constraint on the phase and the amplitude of the complex amplitude;
and transmitting the updated complex amplitude back to the surface of the camera by utilizing an angular spectrum theory to obtain phase information of the current segmentation sub-wavelength transmitted back to the plane of the camera, updating the amplitude information of the surface of the camera according to the shot hologram and the spectrum prior weight coefficient, traversing all the sub-wavelengths and recovering the phase information.
Preferably, the holographic image is acquired by using a lensless on-chip microscope system, wherein the lensless on-chip microscope system comprises a single light-emitting diode illumination light source and a sensor, and the LED light source is a wide-spectrum patch LED illumination light source which is not completely monochromatic.
Preferably, step 2 is specifically:
the illumination wavelength λ is divided into N equally spaced quasi-monochromatic subwavelengths { λ ] according to the spectrum of the prior illuminating LED i ,i=1,2,...,N};
Using central wavelength lambda c A light intensity chart I to be shot ini Combining the initial zero phase psi 0 =0 generating camera plane complex amplitudePropagating the complex amplitude back to the object plane and then using the complex amplitude of the object planeThe phase part of (1) obtains an initial phase constraint Mask 0 。
Preferably, the step of updating the complex amplitude of the iterative object by using the digitally divided sub-wavelengths and the photographed hologram to obtain the object phase comprises:
step 3.1, apply hologram I ini Combined with last wavelength of the splitter i-1 Phase information propagated back to the camera plane generates a camera plane complex amplitude;
step 3.2, transmitting the complex amplitude to the surface of the object by corresponding wavelength to obtain object surface complex amplitude;
step 3.3, applying phase support constraint to phase part of object plane complex amplitudeAnd updating the phase according to the wavelengthWhile applying uniform light intensity constraints to the amplitude portionWherein ave (-) is a mean calculation operator to obtain an updated complex amplitude
Step 3.4, the updated object plane complex amplitudePropagating back to the camera plane to obtain a splitted sub-wavelength λ i The phase information propagated back to the camera plane returns to step 3.1, incorporating the next sub-wavelength λ i+1 The weights update the camera face complex amplitude until all the split sub-wavelengths are traversed, thereby obtaining the high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio phase ψ of the sample.
Preferably, the camera face complex amplitude generated in step 3.1 is specifically:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,is the complex amplitude of the camera plane, omega i Is the weight of the ith sub-wavelength, j is the imaginary unit, ψ i For the last division sub-wavelength lambda i-1 Phase information is propagated back to the camera plane.
Preferably, the object plane complex amplitude obtained in step 3.2 is specifically:
wherein H (-d) is a transfer function of the propagation distance-d,is the complex amplitude of the object plane,for more than one sub-wavelength λ of division i-1 Propagating back to the mode of the complex amplitude behind the object plane,is the object plane phase.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) On the premise of using the patch LED to illuminate the simplified imaging system, the corresponding resolution result under the condition of using laser illumination can be obtained. (2) Only a single hologram needs to be shot, and no displacement platform or splicing algorithm is needed, so that the system is more compact, economical and efficient, and real-time long-time imaging under an ultra-large view field can be performed on living cells in an incubator.
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental setup in a lensless single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent LED illumination.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a lensless single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent LED illumination.
Fig. 3 is the captured single frame hologram, the reconstructed phase result directly back, and the final reconstructed phase resolution plate result.
FIG. 4 is the long-term live cell phase results reconstructed using the present invention and the digitized multi-modal results achieved without any external device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 2, a lensless single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent led illumination comprises the following four steps:
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is based on a conventional lensless on-chip microscope architecture, comprising only a light source 1, a sample 2, and a sensor 3. The single-color patch LED lighting source 1 adopted by the invention (632 nm, the bandwidth is 23.95nm, and the area of the light source is 0.0091 mm) 2 ) The sample wafer is directly illuminated, and the spectral width of the light source is digitally divided into 20 quasi-monochromatic sub-wavelengths at intervals of 2nm for sample reconstruction by using the spectral width obtained by measurement and experimental verification. Sample 2 was imaged directly on an image sensor, and the system used a plate-level monochrome CMOS sensor 3 (pixel size 0.9 μm,5664 × 4256, jiangsu tea Intelligence Technology co.
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps: directly irradiating a sample by using a wide-spectrum LED incoherent light source, and simultaneously triggering a camera to record a holographic image I under a central wavelength ini 。
And 2, segmenting the LED wide-spectrum wavelength according to the spectrum prior, and initializing phase constraint information.
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps: the illumination wavelength λ is divided into N equally spaced quasi-monochromatic subwavelengths { λ ] according to the spectrum of the prior illuminating LED i ,i=1,2,...,N};
Using central wavelength lambda c A light intensity chart I to be shot ini Combining the initial zero phase psi 0 =0 generating camera plane complex amplitudePropagating the complex amplitude back to the object plane and then usingComplex amplitude of object planeThe phase part of (1) obtains an initial phase constraint Mask 0 Initial constraint Mask 0 Dynamically updating Mask in subsequent iteration process i 。
And 3, updating the complex amplitude of the iterative object by using the digitally-divided sub-wavelengths and the shot hologram, wherein the specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, apply hologram I ini Combined with last wavelength of the splitter i1 The phase information propagated back to the camera plane generates a camera plane complex amplitude with a specific formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,is the complex amplitude of the camera plane, omega i Is the weight of the ith sub-wavelength, j is the imaginary unit, ψ i For the last division sub-wavelength lambda i1 The phase information (initially 0) is propagated back to the camera plane.
Step 3.2, the complex amplitude is transmitted to the surface of the object by corresponding wavelength to obtain object surface complex amplitude, and the specific formula is as follows:
wherein H (-d) is a transfer function of the propagation distance-d,is the complex amplitude of the object plane and,for more than one sub-wavelength λ of division i-1 Propagating back to the mode of the complex amplitude behind the object plane,is the object plane phase.
Step 3.3, applying phase support constraint to phase part of object plane complex amplitudeAnd updating the phase according to the wavelengthWhile applying uniform light intensity constraint to the amplitude componentWherein ave (-) is a mean calculation operator to obtain an updated complex amplitude
Step 3.4, the updated object plane complex amplitudePropagating back to the camera plane to obtain a split sub-wavelength λ i The phase information propagated back to the camera plane returns to step 3.1, incorporating the next sub-wavelength λ i+1 The weights update the camera face complex amplitude until all the split sub-wavelengths are traversed, thereby obtaining the high resolution and high signal to noise ratio phase ψ for the sample.
FIG. 3 shows the holographic pattern photographed and shows a 1.41 times resolution improvement of the present invention (0.977) compared to the resolution of the conventional single frame LED method (1.381 μm). FIG. 4 is a phase contrast, differential phase contrast and three-dimensional structural image reconstructed using the dynamic results of live cells cultured over an extended period of time and a digital method reconstructed using the present invention.
The method only needs to obtain a coaxial hologram through the illumination wavelength of the patch wide-spectrum LED under the vertical illumination of a light source, then uses a multi-wavelength-based phase recovery reconstruction algorithm and a dynamic phase support constraint method to combine a propagation model and a non-coherent superposition model to continuously propagate and update the intensity image on a camera plane and an object plane under different segmentation sub-wavelengths, and gradually recovers the phase information of a sample. The invention only has one surface-mounted LED light source, and does not introduce mechanical displacement, thereby improving the stability of the system and greatly saving the cost.
Claims (6)
1. A lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting a holographic image of a sample;
step 2, splitting the LED wide-spectrum wavelength according to spectrum prior, and initializing phase constraint information;
and 3, updating the complex amplitude of the iterative object by using the sub-wavelength of the digital segmentation and the shot hologram to obtain the object phase, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
transmitting an original intensity image to a focus plane by using sub-wavelengths of a wide-spectrum LED to obtain object plane complex amplitude, and respectively implementing phase support constraint and uniform light intensity constraint on the phase and the amplitude of the complex amplitude;
and transmitting the updated complex amplitude back to the surface of the camera by utilizing an angular spectrum theory to obtain phase information of the current segmentation sub-wavelength transmitted back to the plane of the camera, updating the amplitude information of the surface of the camera according to the shot hologram and the spectrum prior weight coefficient, traversing all the sub-wavelengths and recovering the phase information.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the holographic image is acquired using a lensless on-chip microscopy system comprising a single LED illumination source and a sensor, wherein the LED illumination source is a broad-spectrum, not completely monochromatic, patch LED illumination source.
3. The lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent light emitting diode illumination according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is specifically:
dividing the illumination wavelength lambda into N equally spaced quasi-monochromators according to the spectrum of the prior illumination LEDWavelength { lambda i ,i=1,2,...,N};
Using central wavelength lambda c A light intensity map I to be photographed ini Combining the initial zero phase psi 0 =0 generating camera plane complex amplitudePropagating the complex amplitude back to the object plane and then using the complex amplitude of the object planeThe phase part of (1) obtains an initial phase constraint Mask 0 。
4. The lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent LED illumination of claim 1, wherein the object phase is obtained by updating the iterative object complex amplitude with the digitally split sub-wavelengths and the captured hologram by:
step 3.1, hologram I ini Combined with last wavelength of the splitter i-1 Phase information propagated back to the camera plane generates a camera plane complex amplitude;
step 3.2, transmitting the complex amplitude to the surface of the object by using the corresponding wavelength to obtain object surface complex amplitude;
step 3.3, applying phase support constraint to phase part of object plane complex amplitudeAnd updating the phase according to the wavelengthWhile applying uniform light intensity constraints to the amplitude portionWherein ave (-) is a mean calculation operator to obtain an updated complex amplitude
Step 3.4, the updated object plane complex amplitudePropagating back to the camera plane to obtain a split sub-wavelength λ i The phase information propagated back to the camera plane returns to step 3.1, incorporating the next sub-wavelength λ i+1 The weights update the camera face complex amplitude until all the split sub-wavelengths are traversed, thereby obtaining the high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio phase ψ of the sample.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the camera face complex amplitude generated in step 3.1 is specifically:
6. The lens-free single-frame phase recovery method based on partially coherent LED illumination according to claim 4, wherein the object plane complex amplitude obtained in step 3.2 is specifically:
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US9581961B2 (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2017-02-28 | University Of Hyogo | Holographic microscope, holographic image generation method, and method for acquiring data for holographic image |
EP3175302B1 (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2021-12-29 | The Regents of the University of California | Device and method for iterative phase recovery based on pixel super-resolved on-chip holography |
CN104537611A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-04-22 | 南京理工大学 | Optimized light intensity transmission phase recovery method based on Savitzky-Golay differential filters |
CN105806250B (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2018-04-17 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | High-resolution three-dimension phase microscopic imaging device and imaging method |
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CN110470245B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-02-26 | 浙江大学 | Phase recovery detection device and phase recovery method based on Fresnel zone plate diffraction information fusion |
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