Disclosure of Invention
The problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
in recent years, it has been studied to gasify hazardous wastes such as pharmaceutical wastes and agricultural chemical wastes by pyrolysis as well as wastes. However, since the melting point of ash contained in the thermal decomposition gas at the time of gasification treatment of hazardous waste is lower than the melting point of ash contained in the thermal decomposition gas at the time of gasification treatment of garbage, swirling flow is formed at the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber when the ash-containing thermal decomposition gas is combusted in the secondary combustion chamber, and then the molten ash adheres to the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall. On the other hand, when the secondary air is blown out without forming swirling flow, the secondary air and the thermally decomposed gas are not sufficiently mixed, and the combustion of the thermally decomposed gas in the secondary combustion chamber is insufficient.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a secondary combustion apparatus for hazardous waste, which can sufficiently combust thermally decomposed gas in a secondary combustion chamber without forming swirl flow at an inlet of the secondary combustion chamber. It is another object of the present invention to provide a hazardous waste treatment system including the secondary combustion apparatus.
In order to solve the above problem, the secondary combustion apparatus for hazardous waste according to the present invention is a secondary combustion apparatus for hazardous waste that secondarily combusts a thermally decomposed gas generated by thermally decomposing solid waste containing hazardous waste, the secondary combustion apparatus including: a secondary combustion furnace which forms a secondary combustion chamber and comprises a cylindrical peripheral wall extending in the vertical direction and a ceiling wall covering an upper opening of the peripheral wall; an inlet duct for the thermally decomposable gas extending upwardly from the ceiling wall; and a header pipe which forms an air chamber for supplying secondary air for secondary combustion around the introduction pipe; a plurality of nozzles for blowing secondary air from the air chamber into the inlet duct are provided in the inlet duct in a vertically multi-stage arrangement in which nozzle rows each including nozzles arranged on the same circumference are arranged in a plurality of stages, and the nozzle rows in the odd stages from the top among the nozzle rows are configured as follows: the blowing direction from the nozzles constituting the nozzle row is a direction in which a swirl flow in a first direction is formed; the nozzle rows of the second even segment from the top are composed of the following structures: the blowing direction from the nozzles constituting the nozzle row is a direction in which a swirl flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction is formed, and the swirl flow in the second direction cancels the swirl flow in the first direction.
According to the above configuration, the swirling flow in the first direction generated by the blowing from the nozzles in the nozzle row constituting the odd-numbered stage is canceled by the swirling flow in the second direction generated by the blowing from the nozzles in the nozzle row constituting the even-numbered stage. Therefore, the swirling flow can be eliminated at the outlet of the introduction pipe (i.e., the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber). Also, even if the final swirl flow disappears, since a swirl flow is formed per nozzle row, the thermally decomposed gas and the secondary air are sufficiently mixed by the swirl flow. This enables the thermally decomposed gas to be sufficiently burned in the secondary combustion chamber.
Further, the present invention provides a hazardous waste treatment system including: a fluidized bed type gasification furnace for generating a thermal decomposition gas by thermally decomposing solid waste containing hazardous waste; a post-combustion device for the hazardous waste, which post-combusts the thermal decomposition gas discharged from the gasification furnace; and a boiler for recovering heat from exhaust gas after the secondary combustion of the thermally decomposed gas discharged from the secondary combustion device.
According to the above configuration, the hazardous waste can be gasified by thermal decomposition in the same manner as the waste.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a hazardous waste disposal system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this system 1, the hazardous waste can be gasified by thermal decomposition in the same manner as the waste.
Specifically, the system 1 includes a gasification furnace 2, a hazardous waste post-combustion apparatus 3, and a boiler 13. The gasification furnace 2 and the post-combustion apparatus 3 are connected by a pipe 11, and the post-combustion apparatus 3 and the boiler 13 are connected by a pipe 12.
The gasification furnace 2 generates a pyrolysis gas by thermally decomposing a solid waste containing hazardous waste. The solid waste may be only hazardous waste, or may be a mixture of hazardous waste and garbage.
In the present embodiment, the gasification furnace 2 is of a fluidized bed type, and a fluidized bed 21 is formed in the lower part of the gasification furnace 2 and a dilute phase zone (freeboard) 20 is formed in the upper part thereof. The solid waste is charged into the gasification furnace 2 from the charging unit 23. However, the gasification furnace 2 is not necessarily of a fluidized bed type, and may be of a kiln (kiln) type.
The fluidized bed 21 is filled with a fluid medium such as sand, and a plurality of air diffusing devices 22 are disposed at the bottom of the fluidized bed 21. The primary air is supplied to the air diffuser 22, and the primary air is ejected from the air diffuser 22. Thereby, the fluid medium flows, and the solid waste is thermally decomposed while being mixed with the fluid medium, thereby generating a thermally decomposed gas. The thermally decomposed gas discharged from the fluidized bed 21 is supplied to the secondary combustion apparatus 3 through the freeboard zone 20 and the pipe 11.
The post-combustion device 3 post-combusts the thermal decomposition gas discharged from the gasification furnace 2. The secondary combustion apparatus 3 includes a secondary combustion furnace 4 forming a secondary combustion chamber 40; an inlet pipe 5 for thermally decomposing gas between the secondary combustion furnace 4 and the pipe 11; and a header 6 surrounding the introduction pipe 5. The post-combustion device 3 will be described in detail later.
The boiler 13 recovers heat from exhaust gas after post-combustion of the thermally decomposed gas discharged from the post-combustion device 3. Specifically, the boiler 13 converts the heat energy of the exhaust gas discharged from the secondary combustion device 3 into steam, and the steam is supplied to a turbine connected to a generator.
Next, the secondary combustion apparatus 3 will be described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 4. The post combustion of the thermally decomposed gas in the post combustion chamber 40 is performed, for example, at a combustion temperature of 1100 ℃ or higher for 2 seconds or longer.
The above-described post-combustion furnace 4 includes a cylindrical peripheral wall 41 extending in the vertical direction, and a substantially conical ceiling wall 42 covering an upper opening of the peripheral wall 41. The peripheral wall 41 and the ceiling wall 42 are made of refractory bricks or the like.
The introduction pipe 5 extends upward from the ceiling wall 42. The ceiling wall 42 is provided with a circular opening at the center thereof, and the introduction pipe 5 is inserted into the opening. The connection structure between the introduction pipe 5 and the ceiling wall 42 is not limited to this, and may be modified as appropriate.
The above-mentioned pipe 11 is connected to the upper end of the introduction pipe 5. The inner diameter of the introduction pipe 5 is larger than the inner diameter of the middle portion of the pipe 11.
The tube 11 includes an enlarged diameter portion 11a that is enlarged in diameter toward the introduction tube 5. That is, the cross-sectional area inside the enlarged diameter portion 11a becomes larger as it approaches the introduction pipe 5 (in other words, as it goes downward). The angle between the extended surface of the inner peripheral surface of the introduction pipe 5 extending upward and the inner peripheral surface of the enlarged diameter portion 11a is, for example, 15 to 60 degrees. In the present embodiment, the tube 11 is bent laterally above the enlarged diameter portion 11a.
A burner 7 is disposed at the center of the introduction pipe 5. The burner 7 passes through the bend of the tube 11. The combustor 7 includes a fuel injection pipe 71 that injects fuel, and an air injection pipe 72 that injects air. A flame is formed downward from the lower end of the burner 7 by combustion of the mixture of fuel and air.
The manifold 6 forms an annular air chamber 60 for supplying secondary air around the introduction pipe 5. The header 6 includes a cylindrical lateral cover 61 having a larger diameter than the introduction pipe 5, and an annular upper cover 62 connecting an upper end of the lateral cover 61 and an upper end of the introduction pipe 5.
The inlet duct 5 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 8 for blowing the secondary air from the air chamber 60 into the inlet duct 5. The nozzles 8 are arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and nozzle rows 80 of the nozzles 8 arranged on the same circumference are arranged.
In the present embodiment, the number of stages of the nozzle row 80 is 4. However, the number of stages of the nozzle row 80 may be 2 or 3, or may be 5 or more.
As shown in fig. 3, the nozzle row 80A of the first stage and the nozzle row 80C of the third stage are respectively configured as follows: the blowing direction from the nozzles 8 constituting the nozzle row is a direction in which a swirl flow in a first direction (clockwise in fig. 3) is formed.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 4, the nozzle row 80B of the second stage and the nozzle row 80D of the fourth stage are configured as follows: the blowing direction from the nozzles 8 constituting the nozzle row is a direction in which a swirling flow in a second direction (counterclockwise rotation in fig. 4) opposite to the first direction is formed.
The swirling flow in the second direction by the blowing from the nozzles 8 of the nozzle arrays 80b and 80d constituting the second and fourth stages is canceled out by the swirling flow in the first direction by the blowing from the nozzles 8 of the nozzle arrays 80a and 80c constituting the first and third stages. In the present embodiment, since the number of stages of the nozzle row 80 is an even number, the nozzle rows 80b and 80d are mirror-symmetrical to the nozzle rows 80a and 80c.
For example, the flow velocity of the secondary air blown out from each nozzle 8 is 20m/s or more. With this structure, the thermal decomposition gas and the secondary air can be efficiently mixed by the swirling flow formed in the introduction pipe 5.
The number of nozzles 8 constituting the nozzle row 80 of each stage is preferably 8 to 32. When the number of nozzles 8 constituting the nozzle row 80 of each stage is less than 8, the nozzle pitch (i.e., the distance between the nozzles 8) is excessively large, and when the number of nozzles 8 constituting the nozzle row 80 of each stage exceeds 32, the amount of secondary air blown out from each nozzle 8 becomes small.
The peripheral wall 41 of the post-combustion furnace 4 is provided with a plurality of nozzles 9 for blowing tertiary air for protecting the peripheral wall in a substantially horizontal tangential direction of the peripheral wall 41. Although not shown, the nozzles 9 are arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, and nozzle rows each including the nozzles 9 arranged on the same circumference are arranged in a plurality of stages.
In the post-combustion apparatus 3 configured as described above, the swirling flow in the first direction formed by the blowing from the nozzles 8 of the nozzle arrays 80a and 80c constituting the first and third stages is cancelled out by the swirling flow in the second direction formed by the blowing from the nozzles 8 of the nozzle arrays 80b and 80d constituting the second and fourth stages. Therefore, the swirling flow can be eliminated at the outlet of the introduction pipe 5 (i.e., the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber 40). Moreover, even if the swirling flow disappears finally, since the swirling flow is formed for each nozzle row, the thermally decomposed gas and the secondary air are sufficiently mixed by the swirling flow. This enables the thermally decomposed gas to be sufficiently burned in the secondary combustion chamber 40.
In the present embodiment, the nozzles 9 are provided in the peripheral wall 41 of the post-combustion furnace 4, and thus an air film is formed along the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 41. Therefore, adhesion of the molten ash to the inner circumferential surface of the circumferential wall 41 can be suppressed.
(modification example).
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
For example, a ring plate may be provided to cover the peripheral edge of the upper opening of the introduction pipe 5, and this ring plate is connected to the pipe 11. That is, the tube 11 may have a constant cross-sectional area over the entire length. However, as in the embodiment described above, the tube 11 includes the enlarged diameter portion 11a, and the velocity of the pyrolysis gas can be reduced in the tube 11 on the upstream side of the introduction tube 5.
(summarize).
The present invention provides a secondary combustion apparatus for hazardous waste, which secondarily combusts a thermally decomposed gas generated by thermally decomposing solid waste containing hazardous waste, the apparatus comprising: a secondary combustion furnace which forms a secondary combustion chamber and comprises a cylindrical peripheral wall extending in the vertical direction and a ceiling wall covering an upper opening of the peripheral wall; an inlet duct for the thermally decomposable gas extending upwardly from the ceiling wall; and a header pipe that forms an air chamber for supplying secondary air for secondary combustion around the introduction pipe; a plurality of nozzles for blowing secondary air from the air chamber into the inlet duct, the nozzles being arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, the nozzle rows being composed of nozzles arranged on the same circumference, the nozzle rows of the nozzle rows having an odd number of stages from the top being arranged such that the blowing direction from the nozzles constituting the nozzle rows is a direction in which a swirl flow in a first direction is formed; among the nozzle rows, the nozzle row of the second even number from the top is configured such that the blowing direction from the nozzles constituting the nozzle row is a direction in which a swirl flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction is formed, and the swirl flow in the second direction cancels the swirl flow in the first direction.
According to the above configuration, the swirling flow in the first direction caused by the blowing from the nozzles constituting the nozzle row of the odd-numbered stage is canceled by the swirling flow in the second direction caused by the blowing from the nozzles constituting the nozzle row of the even-numbered stage. Therefore, the swirling flow can be eliminated at the outlet of the introduction pipe (i.e., the inlet of the secondary combustion chamber). Also, even if the final swirl flow disappears, since a swirl flow is formed for each nozzle row, the thermally decomposed gas and the secondary air are sufficiently mixed by the swirl flow. This enables the thermally decomposed gas to be sufficiently burned in the secondary combustion chamber.
The flow velocity of the secondary air blown out from each of the plurality of nozzles may be 20m/s or more. According to this structure, the thermally decomposed gas and the secondary air can be efficiently mixed.
For example, the number of nozzles constituting the nozzle row of each segment may be 8 to 32.
The upper end of the introduction tube may be connected to a tube including an enlarged diameter portion that enlarges the diameter of the introduction tube. According to this configuration, the velocity of the thermally decomposed gas can be reduced in the pipe on the upstream side of the introduction pipe.
The peripheral wall is provided with a plurality of nozzles for blowing out tertiary air for protecting the peripheral wall in a tangential direction of the peripheral wall. According to this structure, since the air film is formed along the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall, adhesion of the molten ash to the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall can be suppressed.
Further, a hazardous waste treatment system according to the present invention includes: a fluidized bed type gasification furnace for generating a pyrolysis gas by thermally decomposing solid waste including hazardous waste; a post-combustion device for the hazardous waste, which post-combusts the thermal decomposition gas discharged from the gasification furnace; and a boiler for recovering heat from exhaust gas after post-combustion of the thermally decomposed gas discharged from the post-combustion device.
According to the above configuration, the hazardous waste can be gasified by thermal decomposition in the same manner as the waste.
Description of the symbols:
1. hazardous waste treatment system
11,12 tubes
13. Boiler
2. Gasification furnace
3. Secondary combustion device for hazardous waste
4. Secondary combustion furnace
40. Secondary combustion chamber
41. Peripheral wall
42. Ceiling wall
5. Ingress pipe
6. Collecting pipe
8. Nozzle with a nozzle body
80. Nozzle row
9. And (4) a nozzle.