CN115449846A - Method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using alternating magnetic field - Google Patents
Method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using alternating magnetic field Download PDFInfo
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- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field, which belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production and aims at solving the problem that the method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using the alternating magnetic field comprises the following steps: determining the direct current voltage applied to the electrolytic cell according to the number of the electrode cells; winding a copper core wire, and generating an alternating magnetic field in a region surrounded by the copper core wire through alternating pulse current to accelerate the bubbles to overflow; by sampling and calculating the current flowing through the electrolytic cell, a control strategy for self-searching an optimal working point is established, and the optimal value of the current of the electrolytic cell and the optimal frequency and the optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current are obtained by adjusting the frequency and the amplitude of the alternating pulse. The periodically changed Lorentz force enables bubbles to horizontally shake, so that the bubbles on the surface of the electrode are accelerated to fall off, the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode is reduced, ohmic pressure drop is reduced, the mass transfer process is accelerated, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the alkali liquor electrolyzed water is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field.
Background
In the reaction of hydrogen production by water electrolysis, how to improve the efficiency of hydrogen production is one of the difficulties that needs to be overcome urgently. In the process of electrolyzing water, a potential difference exists between the cathode and the anode, and on the premise of the same current, the smaller the potential difference between the two electrodes is, the smaller the consumed electric energy required for generating hydrogen with the same quality is, and the smaller the energy consumption is. The potential difference between the cathode and the anode during the reaction is composed of electrode overpotential, ohmic voltage drop and polarization voltage drop. When the current density is overlarge, the surface of the electrode is covered with bubbles, the bubbles can influence the substance transfer process of the hydrogen production reaction by water electrolysis, and the conductivity of the electrolyte is reduced, so that the ohmic voltage drop of the reaction is increased, the potential difference between the cathode and the anode is increased, the reaction is not facilitated, and the consumption of electric energy is increased. Therefore, if the bubbles on the surface of the electrode can be quickly overflowed, the hydrogen production efficiency can be effectively improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of low hydrogen production efficiency in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of alkali liquor electrolysis water by using an alternating magnetic field.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field comprises the following steps:
s1, determining direct-current voltage applied to an electrolytic cell according to the number of electrode cells;
s2, tightly winding a copper core wire outside the electrolytic bath, and generating an alternating magnetic field in a region surrounded by the copper core wire through alternating pulse current connected to the copper core wire so as to accelerate the overflow of bubbles;
and S3, establishing a control strategy for self-searching an optimal working point by sampling and calculating the current flowing through the electrolytic cell, and obtaining the optimal value of the current of the electrolytic cell and the optimal frequency and the optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current by adjusting the frequency and the amplitude of the alternating pulse current.
Alternating pulse current generates Lorentz force with periodically changed direction on the electrodes, so that bubbles generate horizontal shaking, the dropping of the bubbles on the surfaces of the electrodes is accelerated, the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surfaces of the electrodes is reduced, ohmic pressure drop is further reduced, the mass transfer process is accelerated, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the alkaline liquid electrolyzed water is effectively improved.
The working principle of the application is as follows: the alternating magnetic field changes periodically in direction, lorentz force in the periodically changing direction is generated on the electrodes, bubbles generated by electrolysis on the electrodes can shake horizontally, the falling of the bubbles is accelerated, the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surfaces of the electrodes is reduced, and the hydrogen production efficiency by the electrolysis of water with alkali liquor is further improved.
Further, in step 3, the step of establishing a control strategy for self-searching the optimal operating point includes:
s3.1, searching for optimal frequency;
s3.1.1, keeping the amplitude of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the frequency of the alternating pulse current is increased by delta f,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, increasing the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, reducing the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current;
s3.1.2, keeping the amplitude of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the frequency of the alternating pulse current is reduced by delta f,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current is reduced;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, increasing the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current;
s3.1.3, traversing the frequency range of the alternating pulse current to obtain a current change interval of the electrolytic cell, setting the maximum value of the interval as the optimal current value of the electrolytic cell, and setting the frequency value of the corresponding alternating pulse current as the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current;
s3.2, searching for an optimal amplitude;
s3.2.1, keeping the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the amplitude of the alternating pulse current is increased by delta I,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, increasing the amplitude Delta I of the alternating pulse current;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, reducing the amplitude value delta I of the alternating pulse current;
s3.2.2, keeping the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the amplitude of the alternating pulse current is reduced by delta I,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the amplitude value delta I of the alternating pulse current is reduced;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, increasing the amplitude Delta I of the alternating pulse current;
and S3.2.3, obtaining the optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current until the current of the electrolytic cell reaches the optimal current value.
When the frequency and amplitude of the alternating pulse current are changed, the current of the electrolytic cell is changed along with the change of the frequency and amplitude of the alternating pulse current.
Further, in step S2, the direction of the field strength of the generated alternating magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the electrode and perpendicular to the direction of the alternating pulse current.
Further, the value range of delta f is 0.5-2Hz.
Further, the value range of delta I is 0.01-0.05A.
Further, the frequency of the alternating pulse current is 0-1kHz, and the amplitude is 0-10A.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating pulse current enables the bubbles to bear Lorentz force which is parallel to the horizontal direction of the surface of the electrode and has opposite direction of periodic change, so that the bubbles can shake in the horizontal direction, the dropping of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode is accelerated, the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode is reduced, the ohmic pressure drop is further reduced, the mass transfer process is accelerated, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the alkaline liquor electrolyzed water is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for increasing hydrogen production effect of alkali liquor by applying a magnetic field through an electrified coil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the reaction on the anode surface before the application of an alternating magnetic field;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the reaction on the anode surface after the application of an alternating magnetic field.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are explained and explained below with reference to the drawings of the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the implementation, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment, the electrolyte adopts 30 mass percent potassium hydroxide solution, the electrolysis pressure is 0.1MPa, the electrolysis temperature is 75 ℃, a copper core wire is tightly wound on the outer side of the alkali liquor electrolyzed water hydrogen production electrolytic tank to form a coil frame surrounding the electrolytic tank, the winding direction is to ensure that the cross section of the copper core coil is vertical to the surface of an electrode, and the field intensity direction of a generated magnetic field is a vertical direction which is parallel to the surface of the electrode and vertical to the current direction. When the copper core wire coil frame completely surrounds the electrolytic bath, the copper core wire coil is cut off and the structure diagram adopted is shown in figure 1.
The method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency of the water electrolysis of the alkali liquor by using the alternating magnetic field comprises the following steps:
s1, determining direct-current voltage applied to an electrolytic cell according to the number of electrode cells; setting the number of the electrode cells as n, setting the direct current voltage applied to the electrolytic cell as U, and satisfying the numerical relation of U =2n; determining the direct current voltage applied to the electrolytic cell according to the number of the electrode cells; the number of the electrode cells is 20, the direct current voltage applied to the electrolytic bath is 40V, and the numerical relation satisfies U =2n, namely the electrolytic voltage on each cell is 2V, and the electrolytic effect is best when the electrolytic voltage on each cell is 2V in general;
s2, tightly winding a copper core wire outside the electrolytic cell, generating an alternating magnetic field in a region surrounded by the copper core wire through alternating pulse current connected to the copper core wire, wherein the field intensity direction of the generated alternating magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the electrode and vertical to the direction of the alternating pulse current so as to accelerate the overflow of bubbles, reduce the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode and further reduce ohmic pressure drop;
s3, establishing a control strategy for self-searching an optimal working point by sampling and calculating the current flowing through the electrolytic cell, and obtaining an optimal value of the current of the electrolytic cell and an optimal frequency and an optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current by adjusting the frequency and the amplitude of the alternating pulse current; the frequency of the initial alternating pulse current is 1Hz, and the amplitude is 0A; setting delta f as 1Hz, setting delta I as 0.01A and setting the current of the electrolytic cell as 20A initially; the control strategy for self-searching the optimal working point is as follows:
s3.1, searching for optimal frequency;
s3.1.1, keeping the amplitude of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the frequency of the alternating pulse current is increased by 1Hz,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the frequency of the alternating pulse current is increased by 1Hz;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, the frequency of the alternating pulse current is reduced by 1Hz;
s3.1.2, keeping the amplitude of the alternating pulse current unchanged, and when the frequency of the alternating pulse current is reduced by 1Hz,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the frequency of the alternating pulse current is reduced to 1Hz;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, increasing the frequency of the alternating pulse current by 1Hz;
s3.1.3, traversing the frequency range (0-1 kHz) of the alternating pulse current to obtain a current change interval of the electrolytic cell, setting the maximum value of the interval as the optimal current value of the electrolytic cell, wherein the optimal current value is 22.5A in the embodiment, the frequency value of the corresponding alternating pulse current is the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current, and the optimal frequency is 100Hz in the embodiment;
s3.2, searching for an optimal amplitude value;
s3.2.1, keeping the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the amplitude of the alternating pulse current is increased by 0.01A,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the frequency of the alternating pulse current is increased by 0.01A;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, reducing the frequency of the alternating pulse current by 0.01A;
s3.2.2, keeping the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the amplitude of the alternating pulse current is reduced by 0.01A,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the frequency of the alternating pulse current is reduced by 0.01A;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, increasing the frequency of the alternating pulse current by 0.01A;
s3.2.3, obtaining the optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current, namely 1.68A, until the current of the electrolytic cell reaches the optimal current value.
The alternating magnetic field generated by the alternating pulse current enables the bubbles to bear Lorentz force which is opposite to the direction of periodic change in the horizontal direction parallel to the surface of the electrode, so that the bubbles can shake in the horizontal direction, the bubbles on the surface of the electrode can fall off, the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surface of the electrode can be reduced, ohmic pressure drop can be reduced, the mass transfer process can be accelerated, and the hydrogen production efficiency of the alkali liquor electrolyzed water can be effectively improved.
The working principle of the application is as follows: the alternating magnetic field changes periodically in direction, lorentz force in the periodically changing direction is generated on the electrodes, bubbles generated by electrolysis on the electrodes can shake horizontally, the falling of the bubbles is accelerated, the coverage rate of the bubbles on the surfaces of the electrodes is reduced, and the hydrogen production efficiency by the electrolysis of water with alkali liquor is further improved.
In the prior art, a unidirectional magnetic field is adopted to improve the hydrogen production efficiency, an alternating magnetic field is generated in a region surrounded by copper core wires by the alternating pulse current connected to the copper core wires, compared with a stable and unchangeable magnetic field, the alternating magnetic field generates periodically-changed Lorentz force on electrodes, so that bubbles can shake and are easier to separate from the surfaces of the electrodes, and no technical inspiration exists in the prior art by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the alternating pulse current, obtaining the optimal value of the electrolytic bath current and the optimal frequency and amplitude of the alternating pulse current, so that the invention has prominent substantive characteristics and remarkable progress.
The reaction of the anode surface before the application of the alternating magnetic field is shown in FIG. 2, and the reaction of the anode surface after the application of the alternating magnetic field is shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from a comparison of fig. 2 and 3, it is understood that the bubbles on the surface of the electrode pad are accelerated to fall off and overflow after the alternating magnetic field is applied.
Because the alkali liquor is electrolyzed to produce hydrogen, the voltage equation can be expressed as follows:
wherein U is the cell voltage, U rev Is a reversible voltage, U act To activate the voltage, U ohm Ohmic voltage, T is the temperature of the electrolytic cell, d is the distance between the polar plates, s is the effective reaction area, and I is the current of the electrolytic cell;
the formula of the hydrogen production efficiency is as follows:
in the formula, alpha 1 、α 2 、β 0 、β 1 、β 2 Is an empirical coefficient; after the alternating pulse current is applied, the bubbles on the surface of the electrode overflow in time, the effective reaction area s is increased, the heat generated by ohmic voltage is dissipated, and U is ohm The smaller the heat generation is, the lower the electrolytic bath voltage U is, and the hydrogen production efficiency mu is increased.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention includes, but is not limited to, the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments above. Any modifications which do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining direct-current voltage applied to an electrolytic cell according to the number of electrode cells;
s2, tightly winding a copper core wire outside the electrolytic bath, and generating an alternating magnetic field in a region surrounded by the copper core wire through alternating pulse current connected to the copper core wire;
and S3, establishing a control strategy for self-searching an optimal working point by sampling and calculating the current flowing through the electrolytic cell, and obtaining the optimal value of the current of the electrolytic cell and the optimal frequency and the optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current by adjusting the frequency and the amplitude of the alternating pulse current.
2. The method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the control strategy for self-searching the optimal working point is established by the following steps:
s3.1, searching for optimal frequency;
s3.1.1, keeping the amplitude of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the frequency of the alternating pulse current is increased by delta f,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, increasing the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, reducing the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current;
s3.1.2, keeping the amplitude of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the frequency of the alternating pulse current is reduced by delta f,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current is reduced;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, increasing the frequency delta f of the alternating pulse current;
s3.1.3, traversing the frequency range of the alternating pulse current to obtain a current change interval of the electrolytic cell, setting the maximum value of the interval as the optimal current value of the electrolytic cell, and setting the frequency value of the corresponding alternating pulse current as the optimal frequency of the alternating current;
s3.2, searching for an optimal amplitude;
s3.2.1, keeping the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the amplitude of the alternating pulse current is increased by delta I,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, increasing the amplitude Delta I of the alternating pulse current;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, reducing the amplitude value delta I of the alternating pulse current;
s3.2.2, keeping the optimal frequency of the alternating pulse current unchanged, when the amplitude of the alternating pulse current is reduced by delta I,
if the current of the electrolytic cell is increased, the amplitude value delta I of the alternating pulse current is reduced;
if the current of the electrolytic cell is reduced, increasing the amplitude Delta I of the alternating pulse current;
and S3.2.3, obtaining the optimal amplitude of the alternating pulse current until the current of the electrolytic cell reaches the optimal current value.
3. The method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S2, the direction of the field strength of the generated alternating magnetic field is parallel to the surface of the electrode and perpendicular to the direction of the alternating pulse current.
4. The method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with an alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field according to claim 2, wherein the value range of Δ f is 0.5-2Hz.
5. The method for improving the efficiency of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water with an alkali liquor by using an alternating magnetic field according to claim 2, wherein the delta I value ranges from 0.01A to 0.05A.
6. The method for improving the hydrogen production efficiency by electrolyzing water with alkali liquor by using the alternating magnetic field as claimed in claim 2, wherein the frequency range of the alternating pulse current is 0-1kHz, and the amplitude range is 0-10A.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116688299A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-09-05 | 绵阳等离子与智慧能源科技有限公司 | Intelligent oxyhydrogen breathing machine with water magnetizing device |
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| CN111621802A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-04 | 中山科立特光电科技有限公司 | Efficient water electrolysis hydrogen production device |
| CN114318364A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-12 | 西南科技大学 | Method for preparing hydrogen by electrolyzing water based on magnetic polarization pretreatment |
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| CN107332301A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-07 | 南京航空航天大学 | The energy control method of laser radio electric energy transmission system based on efficiency optimization |
| CN111519205A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-08-11 | 中山科立特光电科技有限公司 | Vibration-enhanced desorption cathode |
| CN111621802A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2020-09-04 | 中山科立特光电科技有限公司 | Efficient water electrolysis hydrogen production device |
| CN114318364A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-12 | 西南科技大学 | Method for preparing hydrogen by electrolyzing water based on magnetic polarization pretreatment |
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| CN116688299A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-09-05 | 绵阳等离子与智慧能源科技有限公司 | Intelligent oxyhydrogen breathing machine with water magnetizing device |
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