CN115441924A - High-speed data transmission system applied to inertial directional small satellite - Google Patents
High-speed data transmission system applied to inertial directional small satellite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-speed data transmission system applied to an inertial directional small satellite, which comprises: the system comprises a first multiplexing modulator, a second multiplexing modulator, a microwave network, a first phase control array single machine and a second phase control array single machine. The two multiple modulators are respectively used for receiving and storing each path of load data, sequentially carrying out multiple framing, channel coding and carrier modulation on the multiple paths of load data when entering the inbound data transmission, carrying out power pre-amplification and filtering on the modulated radio frequency signals, and resolving the beam pointing angle. The two phased array single machines are respectively used for dividing received radio frequency signals into a plurality of channels, and performing channel movement and signal amplification according to the beam pointing angle to form directional beams, thereby completing the pointing tracking of the antenna beams to the ground data transmission station. The invention adopts various backup, redundancy and cross connection design methods, and can meet the requirements of long service life and high reliability of the satellite data transmission system on the premise of reducing the system cost as much as possible.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a satellite data transmission system.
Background
The satellite data transmission system has the main functions as follows: receiving various effective load data, detailed engineering telemetering data from a satellite computer and original data of a GNSS receiver, and completing multiplexing and storing of the multi-path data; when the satellite passes through the ground data transmission station, a data transmission frame is formed, and the data is transmitted to the ground data transmission station through the transmitting antenna after channel coding, signal modulation and power amplification are completed.
In order to meet the requirements of scientific load observation, a plurality of space scientific satellites, particularly astronomical observation satellites, generally set the whole satellite attitude pointing to be an inertial orientation mode and require the satellite attitude to have high stability. In order to reduce cost, various satellites tend to adopt small satellite platforms. How to improve the reliability and the service life of the high-speed data transmission system of the inertial directional small satellite becomes a problem to be solved urgently in the field.
The existing high-speed data transmission generally has three types of solutions: the scheme of combining a small power amplifier with a high-gain turntable antenna, the scheme of combining a high-power traveling wave tube amplifier with a wide-beam low-gain antenna and the scheme of combining a phased array are adopted.
(1) The turntable in the scheme of combining the small power amplifier with the high-gain turntable antenna can bring disturbance influence on the attitude of the satellite and is not suitable for the satellite with higher requirement on the stability of the attitude. In addition, the design, development and test of the existing long-life mechanical rotating mechanism have great difficulty, so that the scheme of the rotary table is not suitable for the satellite with a long life cycle.
(2) The scheme of combining the high-power traveling wave tube amplifier with the wide-beam low-gain antenna needs to be provided with the high-power amplifier and the waveguide tube, so the high-power traveling wave tube amplifier is heavy in weight and high in power consumption, and the layout and assembly of the waveguide tube have high requirements. The traveling wave tube solution is not suitable for small satellites with limited weight and power consumption.
(3) The phased array scheme aims at a ground data transmission station through an electric scanning mode, the satellite attitude cannot be disturbed, the weight and the power consumption are smaller than those of a traveling wave tube amplifier scheme, although the complexity of the existing phased array single machine technology is relatively high, the maturity is relatively deviated, the phased array radio frequency single machine becomes more mature along with the development of the engineering technology, and the phased array scheme is adopted for transmitting satellites and developing satellites recently.
In the traditional phased array scheme, the inside of each phased array single machine is free of redundant backup, and in order to improve the reliability of a system, a mode of backup of the whole phased array single machine is adopted, namely, each side is provided with two completely independent phased array single machines. For example, 4 phased array single machines are configured on two surfaces of a certain satellite model, so that the cost is high, and the satellite model is not suitable for a low-cost minisatellite project. Although a complete machine backup scheme is not adopted in some schemes for reducing the cost, a weak single point exists in a phased array single machine, and the requirements of high reliability and long service life are not met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, the invention provides a high-speed data transmission system applied to an inertial directional microsatellite, which comprises: the system comprises a first multiplexing modulator, a second multiplexing modulator, a microwave network, a first phased array single machine and a second phased array single machine;
the first multiplexing modulator and the second multiplexing modulator are respectively used for receiving and storing each path of load data, sequentially carrying out multiplexing framing, channel coding and carrier modulation on the multiple paths of load data during the transmission of the inbound data, carrying out power pre-amplification and filtering on the modulated radio-frequency signals, resolving a beam pointing angle and sending the beam pointing angle to the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine;
the microwave network provides a cross connection channel between the two multiple modulators and the two phased array single machines;
the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine are respectively used for dividing received radio frequency signals into a plurality of channels, carrying out channel movement and signal amplification according to a beam pointing angle to form a directional beam, and accordingly completing pointing tracking of an antenna beam to a ground data transmission station. To cope with the uncertainty of the satellite attitude pointing, two phased array units are configured and installed in opposite directions, for example, the opposite directions can be named as + Z direction and-Z direction.
Furthermore, the first multiplexing modulator and the second multiplexing modulator are powered on to work and are in a cold backup working mode, that is, only one of the two multiplexing modulators is in a working state at the same time. When one multiplex modulator fails, the other multiplex modulator is switched to work immediately.
The microwave network is a passive device passing through a low-power radio frequency signal, has extremely high reliability, and allows a single point to exist.
Furthermore, the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine are powered on to work only in the transmission transit period, the first phased array single machine or the second phased array single machine is selected to be powered on to work according to the satellite attitude direction, and only one phased array single machine is powered on to work at the same time.
Further, when the data is imported, if the first phased array single machine faces the ground station, the first phased array single machine is started to work; if the second phased array single machine faces the ground station, starting the second phased array single machine to work; and during the data transmission transit period, if the posture is overturned, the two phased array single machines work in a relay mode.
Furthermore, the first phased array unit and the second phased array unit respectively comprise a power supply module, a wave control module, a power distribution network, a multi-path phase-shifting amplification channel and an array antenna.
The power distribution network and the array antenna are passive devices, have extremely high reliability and allow a single point to exist.
Furthermore, the power supply module and the wave control module are set to be in an A/B cold standby working mode, and when the module A fails, the module B is switched to work.
Furthermore, the multiple phase-shifting amplification channel modules are independently designed, namely, a common amplification circuit is not provided, the common amplification circuit is placed in the multiplexing modulator (the multiplexing modulator is in a dual-machine cold standby mode, and a single point cannot be formed), namely, the signal pre-amplification module, partial redundant channels are reserved on the basis of the basic channel, the reserved redundant channels are defaulted to be not powered on for work, and when the basic channel fails, the power-on work of the basic channel can be controlled through instructions. And assuming that the number of the basic channels is M, the number of the reserved redundant channels is N, and K paths have faults in the rail working process. The system index will not drop when K ≦ N, and even if K is slightly larger than N, the satellite-to-ground communication link margin is simply reduced and the communication link will not be unusable.
Furthermore, the first multiplexing modulator and the second multiplexing modulator each include a receiving and storing module, a multiplexing framing module, a channel coding module, a signal modulation module, a signal pre-amplification module, a signal filtering module, and a beam angle calculating module;
the receiving and storing module is used for receiving and storing each path of load data;
the multi-path multiplexing framing module is used for multiplexing framing of multi-path load data during inbound data transmission;
the channel coding module is used for carrying out channel coding on the multiplexed and framed data;
the signal modulation module is used for carrying out carrier modulation on the data after channel coding;
the signal pre-amplification module is used for pre-amplifying the power of the modulated radio frequency signal;
the signal filtering module is used for filtering the amplified signal;
the beam angle calculation module is used for calculating a beam pointing angle and providing the beam pointing angle for the first phased array unit and the second phased array unit.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a small satellite which is suitable for inertial orientation in attitude and has higher requirement on attitude stability. The scheme realizes higher ground emission EIRP and good satellite attitude stability through a phased array electric scanning mode, and the data transmission rate is high. Meanwhile, various backup, redundancy and cross connection design methods are adopted, and the requirements on long service life and high reliability of the satellite data transmission system can be met on the premise of reducing the system cost as much as possible.
In order to improve the system reliability, a single point is eliminated as much as possible, and a module with weak reliability needs to be backed up. In order to remove single points and reduce cost, a radio frequency signal pre-amplification module shared by multiple paths of phase-shifting amplification channels in a traditional phased array single machine is placed in a multiple-connection modulator (the multiple-connection modulator is in a double-machine cold standby mode and cannot form single points), and meanwhile, a beam angle calculation function is placed in a processor of the multiple-connection modulator, so that the processor design of the phased array single machine wave control module is simplified, only a small-scale high-reliability FPGA (field programmable gate array) is used, and the system reliability is further improved. Compared with the traditional scheme of whole machine backup, the backup scheme can greatly save the volume, the weight and the cost of expenses, and is suitable for the application of small satellites.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the composition and data transmission principles of a high speed data transmission system for inertial directional microsatellites;
fig. 2 is a detailed diagram of the composition and data transmission principle of the data transmission system of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a system reliability block diagram corresponding to fig. 2, and "phase shift amplification channel (redundancy)" in fig. 3 is a dashed line block, which is to be distinguished from the conventional scheme of the conventional whole machine backup; as can be seen from the figure, the whole data transmission system has no weak single point and has extremely high reliability.
Detailed Description
The advantages of the invention are further illustrated in the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is intended to be open-ended, i.e., "including but not limited to". It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another, may refer to different or the same object, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The XX satellite of the embodiment works in a near-earth circular orbit with a nominal height of 550km, and the attitude pointing is inertial pointing. As shown in fig. 1, the XX satellite data transmission system includes a first multiplexing modulator (for example, it is named multiplexing modulator a in the present embodiment), a second multiplexing modulator (for example, it is named multiplexing modulator B in the present embodiment), a microwave network, a first phased array unit (for example, it is named + Z phased array unit in the present embodiment), and a first phased array unit (for example, it is named-Z phased array unit in the present embodiment).
As shown in fig. 2, each of the multiplexer modulator a and the multiplexer modulator B includes a receiving and storing module, a multiplexing framing module, a channel coding module, a signal modulation module, a signal pre-amplification module, a signal filtering module, and a beam angle calculating module. The receiving and storing module is used for receiving and storing each path of load data. And the multiplexing framing module is used for multiplexing framing of the multi-path load data during inbound data transmission. The channel coding module is used for carrying out channel coding on the multiplexed and framed data. The signal modulation module is used for carrying out carrier modulation on the data after the channel coding. The signal pre-amplification module is used for pre-amplifying the power of the modulated radio frequency signal. The signal filtering module is used for filtering the amplified signal. And the beam angle calculation module is used for resolving a beam pointing angle and providing the beam pointing angle for the + Z phased array single machine and the-Z phased array single machine. The multiple-connection modulator A and the multiple-connection modulator B are respectively used for receiving and storing each path of load data, sequentially carrying out multiple-connection framing, channel coding and carrier modulation on the multiple paths of load data during inbound data transmission, carrying out power pre-amplification and filtering on a modulated radio frequency signal, resolving a beam pointing angle and providing the beam pointing angle for the + Z phased array single machine and the-Z phased array single machine. The multiple modulator a and the multiple modulator B are normally operated with electricity and in a cold standby mode, i.e. only one of the two multiple modulators is in operation at the same time. When one multiplex modulator fails, the other multiplex modulator is switched to work immediately.
As shown in fig. 2, both the + Z phase array unit and the-Z phase array unit include a power module, a wave control module, a power distribution network, a multi-path phase-shift amplification channel, and an array antenna. The power module and the wave control module are set to be in an A/B cold standby working mode, and when the module A fails, the module B can be switched to work. The power distribution network and the array antenna are passive devices, have extremely high reliability and allow a single point to exist. The multi-path phase-shifting amplification channel module is independently designed, namely, a common amplification circuit is not provided, and partial redundant channels are reserved on the basis of the basic channels. The + Z plane phased array single machine and the-Z plane phased array single machine divide received radio frequency signals into a plurality of channels, and form directional beams after channel movement and signal amplification are carried out according to beam pointing angles, so that the pointing tracking of the antenna beams to the ground data transmission station is completed. In order to deal with uncertainty of satellite attitude pointing, two phased array single machines are symmetrically configured back to back, and are supposed to be respectively installed in the + Z direction and the-Z direction. The + Z phased array single machine and the-Z phased array single machine are powered on to work only in the transmission transit period, the + Z phased array single machine and the-Z phased array single machine are selected according to the satellite attitude direction, and only one single machine is powered on to work at the same time. When data is transmitted into the field, if the first phased array single machine faces the ground station, the first phased array single machine is started to work; if the second phase control array single machine faces the ground station, starting the second phase control array single machine to work; and during the data transmission transit period, if the postures are overturned, the two phased array single machines work in a relay mode.
The microwave network provides a cross connection channel between the two multiple modulators and the two phased array single machines. Microwave networks are passive devices that pass low power radio frequency signals, have extremely high reliability, and allow a single point to exist.
As shown in fig. 3, the data transmission process of the high-speed data transmission system applied to the inertial directional microsatellite is as follows:
(1) The multiplexing modulator receives and stores each path of load data, sequentially performs multiplexing framing, channel coding and carrier modulation on the multiple paths of load data during inbound data transmission, and performs power pre-amplification and filtering on the modulated radio frequency signals. In addition, the method also has a beam pointing resolving function and provides a beam pointing angle for the phased array single machine. The multiple modulator is powered on to work, the A machine and the B machine are in a cold backup working mode, namely only one of the two multiple modulators is in a working state. When one multiplex modulator fails, the other multiplex modulator is immediately switched to work.
(2) The microwave network provides cross-connection channels between the two multiple modulators and the two phased array single machines. Microwave networks are passive devices that pass low power radio frequency signals, have extremely high reliability, and allow for a single point.
(3) In order to deal with uncertainty of satellite attitude pointing, two phased array single machines are configured and respectively installed in the + Z direction and the-Z direction. The phased array single machine divides the received radio frequency signal into a plurality of channels, and the directional beam is formed after channel shifting and signal amplification are carried out according to the beam pointing angle, so that the pointing tracking of the antenna beam to the ground data transmission station is completed. Specifically, the output of the multiplexing modulator is a radio frequency signal. The microwave network has 4 interfaces, the two on the left are input interfaces, and the two on the right are output interfaces. The radio frequency signal comes from any input interface, and can simultaneously output signals from two output interfaces (similar to a splitter). The output signal of the microwave network enters the power distribution network of the phased array single machine, the signal is divided into multiple paths, the multiple paths enter the transmitting phase-shifting channel, and the directional beam is formed after channel phase shifting and signal amplification are carried out according to the beam angle provided by the multiplexing modulator and is transmitted to the ground station.
The phased array unit is powered on to operate only during transit. And the phased array single machines in the + Z direction and the-Z direction are selected according to the satellite attitude direction, and only one single machine is electrified to work at the same time. When data is transmitted into the field, if the first phased array single machine faces the ground station, the first phased array single machine is started to work; and if the second phase control array single machine faces the ground station, starting the second phase control array single machine to work. And during the data transmission transit period, if the posture is overturned, the two phased array single machines work in a relay mode.
The power module and the wave control module of the phased array single machine are set to be in an A/B cold standby working mode, and when the module A breaks down, the working mode can be switched to the module B to work.
The phase-shift multi-channel amplification channel module of the phased array single machine is independently designed, namely, a public amplification circuit is not provided, and partial redundant channels are reserved on the basis of basic channels. The reserved redundant channel is not powered on by default, and the power-on operation of the basic channel can be controlled through instructions when the basic channel fails. And assuming that the number of the basic channels is M, the number of the reserved redundant channels is N, and K paths have faults in the rail working process. The system index will not drop when K ≦ N, and even if K is slightly larger than N, the star-to-ground communication link margin is simply reduced and the communication link will not be unusable.
For example, each single machine index is assigned with an index that can realize a high-speed data transmission to ground function of 450 Mbps.
The main technical indexes of the multiple modulator are as follows:
(1) Storage capacity: not less than 2Tb;
(2) Working frequency band: the frequency band of X is 8025MHz to 8400MHz;
(3) 450Mbps;
(4) A carrier modulation mode: OQPSK;
(5) Radio frequency signal output power: 26 + -1.5 dBm
The main technical indexes of the microwave network and the radio frequency cable are as follows:
(1) Working frequency band: the frequency band of X is 8025MHz to 8400MHz;
(2) Inserting loss: 4 + -0.5 dBm
The main technical indexes of the phased array single machine are as follows:
(1) Working frequency band: the frequency band of X is 8025MHz to 8400MHz;
(2) Input power of radio frequency signal: 22 + -2 dBm
(3) Array element (phase-shift amplification channel) number setting: 32 basic channels and 4 redundant channels are reserved;
(4) Emission EIRP: not less than 18dBW
The reserved redundant channel is not powered on by default, and the power-on operation of the basic channel can be controlled through instructions when the basic channel fails. When the number of the faults of the phase-shifting amplification channel is less than or equal to 4, the communication link margin is not reduced; when the number of the faults of the phase-shift amplification channel is =6, the margin of the communication link is reduced by 0.5dB; when the number of the phase-shift amplification channel faults =8, the communication link margin is reduced by 1dB; the reserved link margin is more than or equal to 3dB in the design of a general system, so that the link margin can still be more than or equal to 2dB and normal communication can be still realized even if the fault number of the phase-shifting amplification channel is = 8.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention have been described in a preferred embodiment and not limited to the above embodiments, and any person skilled in the art may change or modify the above disclosed technical content into an equivalent embodiment, but any modification or equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high speed data transmission system for inertial directional microsatellites, comprising: the system comprises a first multiplexing modulator, a second multiplexing modulator, a microwave network, a first phased array single machine and a second phased array single machine;
the first multiplexing modulator and the second multiplexing modulator are respectively used for receiving and storing each path of load data, multiplexing and framing, channel coding and carrier modulation are sequentially carried out on the multiple paths of load data during inbound data transmission, power pre-amplification and filtering are carried out on a modulated radio-frequency signal, a beam pointing angle is resolved and sent to the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine;
the microwave network provides a cross connection channel between the two multiple modulators and the two phased array single machines;
the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine are respectively used for dividing received radio frequency signals into a plurality of channels and performing channel movement and signal amplification according to the beam pointing angle to form directional beams, so that the pointing tracking of antenna beams to a ground data transmission station is completed, and the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine are symmetrically configured back to back.
2. The high speed data transmission system for inertial directional microsatellites according to claim 1 wherein the first multiplexing modulator and the second multiplexing modulator are powered on and in a cold standby mode of operation, i.e. only one of the multiplexing modulators is active at the same time.
3. The high speed data transmission system for inertial directional microsatellites according to claim 1 wherein the first phased array unit and the second phased array unit are powered on only during the transmission transition, and wherein either the first phased array unit or the second phased array unit is powered on for operation depending on the orientation of the satellite attitude, and only one phased array unit is powered on for operation at a time.
4. The high-speed data transmission system for inertial directional microsatellites according to claim 3 wherein at the time of data transmission entry, the first phased array unit is turned on if it is oriented toward the ground station; if the second single phase control array machine faces the ground station, starting the second single phase control array machine to work; and during the data transmission transit period, if the posture is overturned, the two phased array single machines work in a relay mode.
5. The high-speed data transmission system applied to the inertial directional microsatellite according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein each of the first phased array unit and the second phased array unit comprises a power supply module, a wave control module, a power distribution network, a multipath phase-shifting amplification channel and an array antenna.
6. The high-speed data transmission system applied to the inertial directional microsatellite according to claim 5, wherein the power supply module and the wave control module in the phased array single machine are set to be in an A/B cold standby operation mode, and when the module A fails, the operation is switched to the module B.
7. The high-speed data transmission system applied to the inertial directional microsatellite according to claim 5, wherein the multiple phase-shifting amplification channel modules in the phased array single machine are independently designed, i.e. there is no common amplification circuit, the common amplification circuit is put into the multiplexing modulator, i.e. the signal pre-amplification module, and a part of redundant channels are reserved on the basis of the basic channels, the reserved redundant channels are not powered on by default and can be controlled to be powered on by instructions when needed.
8. The high-speed data transmission system applied to inertial directional microsatellites according to claim 5, wherein the first multiplexing modulator and the second multiplexing modulator each comprise a reception and storage module, a multiplexing framing module, a channel coding module, a signal modulation module, a signal pre-amplification module, a signal filtering module and a beam angle calculation module;
the receiving and storing module is used for receiving and storing each path of load data;
the multi-path multiplexing framing module is used for multiplexing framing of multi-path load data during inbound data transmission;
the channel coding module is used for carrying out channel coding on the multiplexed and framed data;
the signal modulation module is used for carrying out carrier modulation on the data after the channel coding;
the signal pre-amplification module is used for pre-amplifying the power of the modulated radio frequency signal;
the signal filtering module is used for filtering the amplified signal;
and the beam angle calculation module is used for resolving a beam pointing angle and providing the beam pointing angle for the first phased array single machine and the second phased array single machine.
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| CN114204982A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-18 | 航天恒星科技有限公司 | High-low orbit universal type wide-frequency satellite communication system and method |
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- 2022-06-28 CN CN202210740245.2A patent/CN115441924A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107968678A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-04-27 | 长光卫星技术有限公司 | A kind of New Satellite high speed data transmission system |
| CN113179117A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-07-27 | 长光卫星技术有限公司 | High speed data transmission system for satellite |
| CN114039218A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-02-11 | 山东嘉航电子信息技术有限公司 | Multi-rail integrated satellite-borne phased array system based on four-channel four-beam T/R chip |
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