CN115436083A - Sampling method for evaluating manufacturing process of pump shaft forging - Google Patents
Sampling method for evaluating manufacturing process of pump shaft forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN115436083A CN115436083A CN202210960586.0A CN202210960586A CN115436083A CN 115436083 A CN115436083 A CN 115436083A CN 202210960586 A CN202210960586 A CN 202210960586A CN 115436083 A CN115436083 A CN 115436083A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sampling method for evaluating a pump shaft forging manufacturing process, which takes all pump shafts manufactured by a whole steel ingot for manufacturing the pump shafts as evaluation pieces; the pump shaft is provided with a maximum diameter part and an extension part, and the extension part is formed by extending the maximum diameter part to the end part of the pump shaft; and the sampling position for mechanical property detection and physicochemical detection of the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft is positioned on the extension part. The sampling method suitable for the nuclear power station main pump shaft forging manufacturing process evaluation only carries out sampling detection on the typical positions of the end part and the surface of the pump shaft under the condition of keeping the integrity of the product, and can perfectly detect the manufacturing quality and the manufacturing process level of the pump shaft.
Description
The application is a divisional application of an invention patent application with the application date of 2020, 12 and 8, and the application number of 2020114230502, and the invention name of the invention is a sampling method applicable to the evaluation of a nuclear power station main pump shaft forging manufacturing process.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power forging manufacturing production, in particular to a sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forging manufacturing process evaluation.
Background
As a clean and efficient energy source, many countries are actively developing nuclear power. However, the production capacity of nuclear power critical components throughout the world is very limited, and the manufacturing technology is mainly controlled in a few manufacturing plants, which cannot meet the requirements of nuclear power development throughout the world. By combining the policy of developing the localization of nuclear power and nuclear power equipment in China, the localization of nuclear power important forgings must be realized in order to realize the nuclear power development planning goal in China. To truly realize the localization of nuclear power important forgings and realize batch production under the condition of ensuring quality, not only is innovation on manufacturing technology required by a manufacturer, but also the process evaluation work of equipment manufacturing needs to be successfully completed.
The primary pump is located in the containment building and provides forced circulation of reactor coolant system water to bring core heat to the steam generator which then transfers the heat to the secondary loop. The main pump is part of the reactor coolant pressure boundary. The pump shaft is one of main pump main parts, the pump shaft material is stabilized austenitic stainless steel, structurally belongs to long-shaft forgings, but various parameter indexes are not easy to reach the standard due to high requirements on various properties of the material. The pump shaft steel ingot is firstly smelted by adopting an AOD or VOD process, then electroslag remelting is carried out, the obtained electroslag steel ingot is forged by forging equipment with certain capacity, in order to prevent deformation in the future use process, performance heat treatment and stabilizing heat treatment are carried out on the forged piece in a well type furnace, and finally machining is carried out.
In the normal production process of the pump shaft, according to procurement technical conditions and the conventional inspection mode at present, only the end is sampled, a small amount of physical and chemical inspection is carried out, the existing standard has no more detailed inspection requirements, the method is far insufficient for the localization of the pump shaft and the process evaluation of the pump shaft, and the manufacturing quality and the manufacturing process of the pump shaft cannot be evaluated. And because the raw materials used are expensive, the product size is large, and if anatomical sampling is adopted for verification and evaluation, the cost is too high.
Therefore, various manufacturing factors and using conditions must be fully considered in the process evaluation process, and a sampling method which is low in cost and can comprehensively check the quality and the manufacturing process of the pump shaft must be found out.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sampling method for a manufacturing process of a main pump shaft forging for a nuclear power station, which can comprehensively verify the manufacturing process level of a pump shaft and effectively save the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sampling method suitable for the assessment of a manufacturing process of a pump shaft forging of a main pump of a nuclear power station is characterized in that the whole steel ingot (electroslag remelting steel ingot or common steel ingot) for manufacturing the pump shaft is assessed as a whole, and all the pump shafts manufactured by the whole steel ingot are used as assessment pieces; the pump shaft is provided with a maximum diameter part and an extension part, the extension part is formed by extending the maximum diameter part towards the end part of the pump shaft, each pump shaft needs to be subjected to chemical composition uniformity detection, surface hardness uniformity detection and local anatomy detection, the local anatomy detection comprises mechanical property detection and physical and chemical detection, and the part at least comprises the end part of the pump shaft and the maximum diameter part of the pump shaft;
the sampling method comprises the following steps:
when the uniformity of chemical components is detected, sampling the surface of the pump shaft subjected to forging rough machining at intervals of a first distance along a first longitudinal bus; sampling every second distance along a first sampling diameter of the end face of the pump shaft end;
when the surface hardness uniformity is detected, the surface hardness of the pump shaft subjected to the performance heat treatment is detected at intervals of a third distance along a second longitudinal bus, and the surface hardness is detected at intervals of a fourth distance along a second sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft;
when the local analysis detection is carried out, the sampling position at least comprises positions on the pump shaft corresponding to the head, the tail and the middle part of the steel ingot. If a pump shaft is manufactured from a steel ingot, one end of the pump shaft corresponds to the head of the steel ingot, and the other end of the pump shaft corresponds to the tail of the steel ingot, anatomical sampling detection is carried out at least at two ends and the middle part of the pump shaft.
The pump shaft is similar to a cylinder, but the diameter of the middle part is larger, the diameters of the two ends are smaller, a series of steps are arranged from the two ends to the middle, and the maximum step is the position where the diameter of the pump shaft is the largest. The quality of the pump shaft at the position with the largest diameter is relatively poorer due to the influence of forging and heat treatment processes, so that the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft needs to be sampled and inspected. The biggest position mechanical properties of pump shaft diameter sample, in order to save the cost and not wholly destroy the pump shaft, the extension is formed in the extension of the biggest diameter position of pump shaft forging during forging, and the position on the extension is taken a sample.
The mechanical property detection comprises a tensile test and an impact test. The physical and chemical tests comprise the test of metallographic structure, grain size, nonmetallic inclusion and chemical components.
According to some preferred embodiment aspects of the invention, the first sampling diameter corresponds to the first longitudinal generatrix; the second sampling diameter corresponds to the second longitudinal generatrix.
According to some preferred aspect of the invention, the first longitudinal generatrix and the second longitudinal generatrix are one and the same longitudinal generatrix.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the sampling point of the chemical composition uniformity is the same as the detection point of the surface hardness uniformity.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the first and third distances are between 100 and 300mm, preferably 200mm; the second and fourth distances are 20-70mm, preferably 50mm.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the first distance and the third distance are the same, and the second distance and the fourth distance are the same.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the sampling direction of the mechanical property measurement sampling position in each of the topographic examinations includes an axial direction and a tangential direction. The pump shaft is at the main pump operation in-process, and the impeller is installed on the pump shaft, and the pump shaft still links to each other with the main pump motor, and the pump shaft drives the impeller rotation under the drive of motor, leads to the pump shaft atress can be more complicated. Therefore, the samples selected by the pump mechanics test should be cut in multiple directions, and the sampling direction at least includes the axial direction and the tangential direction, so as to more comprehensively reflect the quality of the pump shaft. Specifically, when the sampling position is the axial position of the end face of the pump shaft, the sampling directions are axial and radial (tangential); when the sampling position is other positions of the end surface of the pump shaft, the sampling direction is axial and tangential; when the sampling position is the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft, the sampling directions are axial and tangential.
According to some preferred implementation aspects of the invention, the sampling positions for detecting the mechanical property of the end part of the pump shaft at least comprise 1/2 of the radial position and the axial position of the end surface.
According to some preferred implementation aspects of the invention, the sampling positions of the pump shaft end physical and chemical detection at least comprise an edge position of the end face, a 1/2 radius position of the end face and an axial center position.
According to some preferred implementation aspects of the invention, the sampling position of the mechanical property detection and the physical and chemical detection of the maximum pump shaft diameter position is on the extension part.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the sampling method suitable for the nuclear power station main pump shaft forging manufacturing process evaluation only carries out sampling detection on the typical positions of the end part and the surface of the pump shaft under the condition of keeping the integrity of the product, and can perfectly detect the manufacturing quality and the manufacturing process level of the pump shaft.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of sampling points for chemical composition uniformity and detection points for surface hardness uniformity on a longitudinal generatrix of a pump shaft in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of sampling points for chemical composition uniformity and detection points for surface hardness uniformity on the end surface of a pump shaft in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pump shaft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pump shaft end sampling position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings: 1. an end portion; 2. the part with the largest diameter; 3. an extension portion; 4. a longitudinal bus; 5. sampling diameter; 6. sampling/detection points; 7. the axis line.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not a whole embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The manufacturing process of the pump shaft of the main pump for a certain nuclear power station comprises the following steps: the forging steel ingot is an electroslag remelting steel ingot, the steel ingot is divided into two sections after preliminary forging, two pump shafts are formed by forging, performance heat treatment is carried out after the pump shafts are forged and roughly processed, and finally the pump shafts are finely processed to obtain the final product.
Aiming at the pump shaft manufacturing process, the whole steel ingot (electroslag remelting steel ingot) for manufacturing the pump shaft is evaluated as a whole, and two pump shafts manufactured by the whole steel ingot are both used as evaluation pieces; the pump shaft has the biggest position 2 of diameter and extension 3, and extension 3 is the biggest position 2 of diameter and extends to the tip 1 of pump shaft and forms, and every pump shaft all needs to carry out chemical composition homogeneity and detects, surface hardness homogeneity and local anatomy and detects, and local anatomy detects including mechanical properties detection and physical and chemical detection. The mechanical property detection comprises a tensile test and an impact test, and the physical and chemical detection comprises the detection of a metallographic structure, grain size, nonmetallic inclusions and chemical components.
The pump shaft is similar to a cylinder, but the diameter of the middle part is larger, the diameters of the two ends are smaller, a series of steps are arranged from the middle part to the two ends, and the maximum position of the steps is the position 2 with the largest diameter of the pump shaft. The quality of the maximum diameter part 2 of the pump shaft is relatively poorer due to the influence of forging and heat treatment processes, so the maximum diameter part of the pump shaft needs to be sampled and detected. The mechanical property of the maximum diameter part 2 of the pump shaft is sampled, in order to save cost and not to integrally damage the pump shaft, the maximum diameter part of a pump shaft forging is extended to form an extension part during forging, and the sampling is carried out at the position on the extension part.
Aiming at the pump shaft manufacturing process, the following sampling method is determined, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) When the chemical component uniformity is detected, sampling is carried out on the surfaces of the two pump shafts subjected to forging rough machining at intervals of a first distance along a first longitudinal bus 4; the sampling is performed every second distance along the first sampling diameter 5 of the end face of the pump shaft end 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
2) When the surface hardness uniformity is detected, the surface hardness of the pump shaft surface after the performance heat treatment is detected at intervals of a third distance along the second longitudinal bus 4, and the surface hardness is detected at intervals of a fourth distance along the second sampling diameter 5 of the end face of the end part 1 of the pump shaft, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Aiming at the longitudinal generatrix 4, the sampling diameter 5 and the sampling interval distance in the steps 1) and 2), the first sampling diameter 5 corresponds to the first longitudinal generatrix 4, the second sampling diameter 5 corresponds to the second longitudinal generatrix 4, namely the sampling diameter is the diameter formed by the longitudinal generatrix corresponding to the end part 1 of the pump shaft, the first longitudinal generatrix and the second longitudinal generatrix are the same longitudinal generatrix 4, the first distance and the third distance are the same 200mm, and the second distance and the fourth distance are the same 50mm. That is, the sampling point 6 for the chemical composition uniformity in this example is the same as the detection point 6 for the surface hardness uniformity. The pump shaft is of a symmetrical structure, so that the selection of the longitudinal generatrices can be random, but after the position of the first longitudinal generatrix 4 is fixed, the second longitudinal generatrix 4, the first sampling diameter 5, the second sampling diameter 5 and the like are determined.
3) And when the two pump shafts are subjected to performance heat treatment and subjected to local analysis detection, the sampling positions in the local analysis detection at least comprise positions on the pump shafts corresponding to the head, the tail and the middle of the steel ingot. If one end of the pump shaft in the embodiment corresponds to the head of the steel ingot and the other end corresponds to the tail of the steel ingot, anatomical sampling detection is performed at least at two ends and the middle part of the pump shaft.
Samples for mechanical property and physical and chemical detection are respectively cut from two end parts 1 of each pump shaft, and the samples for mechanical property and physical and chemical detection are respectively cut from an extension part 3 corresponding to the position of the maximum diameter part 2 of the pump shaft. The sampling direction of each of the topographic survey sampling locations includes an axial direction and a tangential direction. The pump shaft is at the main pump operation in-process, and the impeller is installed on the pump shaft, and the pump shaft still links to each other with the main pump motor, and the pump shaft drives the impeller rotation under the drive of motor, leads to the pump shaft atress can be more complicated. Therefore, the samples selected by the pump mechanics test should be cut in multiple directions, and the sampling direction at least includes axial direction and tangential direction, so as to more comprehensively reflect the quality of the pump shaft.
Wherein, during sampling detection of the end part 1: the sampling positions of the mechanical property samples at the two ends of the pump shaft are 1/2 radius position and axis position, the 1/2 radius position comprises a group of tangential samples and a group of axial samples, and the axis position comprises a group of axial samples and a group of radial (tangential) samples. Wherein, each group of samples comprises a normal temperature tensile sample, a high temperature tensile sample and a group of impact samples for three samples, as shown in fig. 4. The axial position is the end face position corresponding to the axial lead 7.
The sampling positions of the physical and chemical detection samples at the two ends of the pump shaft are 1/2 of the radius position, the axis position and the edge position of the end surface, and a group of physical and chemical detection samples are taken at each position. Each group of physical and chemical inspection samples comprises a metallographic sample, a grain size sample, a nonmetallic inclusion sample and a chemical composition analysis sample, and is shown in fig. 4. In fig. 4, the edge position, the 1/2 radius position, and the axial position of the end face are shown from top to bottom.
The sampling position for detecting the middle maximum diameter position of the pump shaft is positioned on the extension part and close to the surface of the pump shaft, and comprises a group of mechanical property samples and a group of physical and chemical inspection samples, and the sampling directions of the mechanical property samples are axial and tangential. Each group of samples specifically comprises the same type of sample as the end sampling.
The tangential direction refers to the direction tangential to the concentric circles of the end face, and becomes radial when the tangential direction is on the diameter of the end face.
In order to facilitate description and understanding, the steps are distinguished and numbered, and in actual implementation, the steps can be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
After the pump shaft is subjected to the steps, the manufacturing process of the pump shaft can be evaluated according to mechanical properties and physicochemical detection results, and the manufacturing quality and the quality of the manufacturing process of the pump shaft are reflected. Please note that the above steps are only basic solutions of the present invention, and illustrate the characteristic points of the present invention, i.e. the sampling method, and do not include pump shaft special inspection items.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A sampling method for evaluating a pump shaft forging manufacturing process is characterized in that all pump shafts manufactured by a whole steel ingot for manufacturing the pump shafts are used as evaluation pieces; the pump shaft is provided with a maximum diameter part and an extension part, and the extension part is formed by extending the maximum diameter part to the end part of the pump shaft; and the sampling position for mechanical property detection and physicochemical detection of the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft is positioned on the extension part.
2. The sampling method of claim 1, wherein each pump shaft requires chemical composition uniformity testing, surface hardness uniformity testing, and topographic testing; the local anatomy detection comprises the mechanical property detection and the physicochemical detection.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the topologically detected sampling locations include at least a pump shaft end and a pump shaft diameter maximum location.
4. The sampling method according to claim 2, wherein the pump shaft is subjected to the local anatomy detection after being subjected to the performance heat treatment, and the sampling positions in the local anatomy detection at least include positions on the pump shaft corresponding to the head, tail and middle of the steel ingot.
5. The sampling method according to claim 2, wherein the sampling directions of the mechanical property measurement sampling positions in the topographic detection each include an axial direction and a tangential direction.
6. The sampling method according to claim 5, wherein in the topographic examination, when the sampling position is an axial position of the end surface of the pump shaft, the sampling directions are axial and tangential; when the sampling position is other positions of the end surface of the pump shaft, the sampling direction is axial and tangential; when the sampling position is the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft, the sampling directions are axial and tangential.
7. The sampling method according to claim 1, wherein the sampling positions for detecting the mechanical property of the end part of the pump shaft at least comprise 1/2 of the radial position and the axial position of the end surface.
8. The sampling method according to claim 1, wherein the sampling positions of the pump shaft end physical and chemical detection at least comprise an edge position of the end face, a 1/2 radius position of the end face and an axial center position.
9. The sampling method according to claim 2, wherein the sampling method samples the pump shaft surface subjected to rough forging along a first longitudinal generatrix every first distance when performing chemical composition uniformity detection; the sampling is performed every second distance along a first sampling diameter of the end face of the pump shaft end.
10. The sampling method according to claim 9, wherein in the surface hardness uniformity detection, the surface hardness of the pump shaft subjected to the performance heat treatment is detected every third distance along the second longitudinal generatrix, and the surface hardness is detected every fourth distance along the second sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft.
11. The sampling method of claim 10, wherein the first sampling diameter corresponds to the first longitudinal generatrix; the second sampling diameter corresponds to the second longitudinal generatrix.
12. The sampling method according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the sampling point of the chemical composition uniformity is the same as the detection point of the surface hardness uniformity.
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| CN202210960586.0A CN115436083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method for evaluating manufacturing process of pump shaft forging |
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| CN202210960586.0A CN115436083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method for evaluating manufacturing process of pump shaft forging |
| CN202011423050.2A CN112683570B (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forge piece manufacturing process evaluation |
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| JPS6089751A (en) * | 1983-10-21 | 1985-05-20 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for judging mechaincal characteristic of steel material |
| CN102284685B (en) * | 2010-06-18 | 2013-04-10 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for anatomical inspection on quality, structure and performance of steel ingot of 70-ton grade to 600-ton grade |
| CN102798543B (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-07-02 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Sampling method for quality detection of entire top cover forging of reactor pressure vessel |
| CN103389225B (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-01-20 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | The sampling method of the tube sheet forging quality inspection of reactor steam generator |
| CN104359707B (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of sampling method of used in nuclear power station super pipeline forging inspection |
| CN104897860A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-09-09 | 江苏盛信重工有限公司 | Novel expanding connection technology and assessment method |
| CN108254234B (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2020-08-18 | 振石集团东方特钢有限公司 | Preparation method of stainless steel smelting process control standard sample |
| CN108507815B (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2020-06-26 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Sampling method for quality inspection of primary side end socket partition plate of nuclear power steam generator |
| CN109187864B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-02-26 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Method for evaluating manufacturing process of forged main pipeline for nuclear power station |
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