CN112683570A - Sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forge piece manufacturing process evaluation - Google Patents
Sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forge piece manufacturing process evaluation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112683570A CN112683570A CN202011423050.2A CN202011423050A CN112683570A CN 112683570 A CN112683570 A CN 112683570A CN 202011423050 A CN202011423050 A CN 202011423050A CN 112683570 A CN112683570 A CN 112683570A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/204—Structure thereof, e.g. crystal structure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a sampling method suitable for evaluating a manufacturing process of a nuclear power station main pump shaft forging, which comprises the following steps of: when the uniformity of chemical components is detected, sampling the surface of the pump shaft subjected to forging rough machining at intervals of a first distance along a first longitudinal bus; sampling at intervals of a second distance along a first sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft; when the surface hardness uniformity is detected, the surface hardness of the pump shaft subjected to the performance heat treatment is detected at intervals of a third distance along a second longitudinal bus, and the surface hardness is detected at intervals of a fourth distance along a second sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft; when the local analysis detection is carried out, the sampling position at least comprises positions on the pump shaft corresponding to the head, the tail and the middle of the steel ingot. If a pump shaft is manufactured from a steel ingot, one end of the pump shaft corresponds to the head of the steel ingot, and the other end of the pump shaft corresponds to the tail of the steel ingot, anatomical sampling detection is carried out at least at two ends and the middle part of the pump shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear power forging manufacturing production, in particular to a sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forging manufacturing process evaluation.
Background
As a clean and efficient energy source, many countries are actively developing nuclear power. However, the production capacity of nuclear power key parts worldwide is very limited, and the manufacturing technology is mainly controlled in a few manufacturing plants, which cannot meet the requirements of nuclear power development worldwide. By combining the policy of developing the localization of nuclear power and nuclear power equipment in China, the localization of nuclear power important forgings must be realized in order to realize the nuclear power development planning goal in China. To truly realize the localization of nuclear power important forgings and realize batch production under the condition of ensuring quality, not only a manufacturer needs to innovate in the manufacturing technology, but also the process evaluation work of equipment manufacturing needs to be successfully completed.
The primary pump is located in the containment building and provides forced circulation of reactor coolant system water to bring core heat to the steam generator which then transfers the heat to the secondary loop. The main pump is part of the reactor coolant pressure boundary. The pump shaft is one of main pump main parts, and the pump shaft material is stabilized austenitic stainless steel, structurally belongs to major axis class forging, but because the requirement on various properties of the material is higher, various parameter indexes are difficult to reach the standard. The pump shaft steel ingot is firstly smelted by adopting an AOD or VOD process, then electroslag remelting is carried out, the obtained electroslag steel ingot is forged by forging equipment with certain capacity, in order to prevent deformation in the future use process, performance heat treatment and stabilizing heat treatment are carried out on the forged piece in a well type furnace, and finally machining is carried out.
In the normal production process of the pump shaft, according to procurement technical conditions and the conventional inspection mode at present, only the end is sampled, a small amount of physical and chemical inspection is carried out, the existing standard has no more detailed inspection requirements, the method is far insufficient for the localization of the pump shaft and the process evaluation of the pump shaft, and the manufacturing quality and the manufacturing process of the pump shaft cannot be evaluated. And because the raw materials used are expensive, the product size is large, and if anatomical sampling is adopted for verification and evaluation, the cost is too high.
Therefore, various manufacturing factors and using conditions must be fully considered in the process evaluation process, and a sampling method which is low in cost and can comprehensively check the quality and the manufacturing process of the pump shaft must be found out.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sampling method for a manufacturing process of a main pump shaft forging for a nuclear power station, which can comprehensively verify the manufacturing process level of a pump shaft and effectively save the cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sampling method suitable for the assessment of a manufacturing process of a pump shaft forging of a main pump of a nuclear power station is characterized in that the whole steel ingot (electroslag remelting steel ingot or common steel ingot) for manufacturing the pump shaft is assessed as a whole, and all the pump shafts manufactured by the whole steel ingot are used as assessment pieces; the pump shaft is provided with a maximum diameter part and an extension part, the extension part is formed by extending the maximum diameter part towards the end part of the pump shaft, each pump shaft needs to be subjected to chemical composition uniformity detection, surface hardness uniformity detection and local anatomy detection, the local anatomy detection comprises mechanical property detection and physical and chemical detection, and the part at least comprises the end part of the pump shaft and the maximum diameter part of the pump shaft;
the sampling method comprises the following steps:
when the uniformity of chemical components is detected, sampling the surface of the pump shaft subjected to forging rough machining at intervals of a first distance along a first longitudinal bus; sampling at intervals of a second distance along a first sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft;
when the surface hardness uniformity is detected, the surface hardness of the pump shaft subjected to the performance heat treatment is detected at intervals of a third distance along a second longitudinal bus, and the surface hardness is detected at intervals of a fourth distance along a second sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft;
when the local analysis detection is carried out, the sampling position at least comprises positions on the pump shaft corresponding to the head, the tail and the middle of the steel ingot. If a pump shaft is manufactured from a steel ingot, one end of the pump shaft corresponds to the head of the steel ingot, and the other end of the pump shaft corresponds to the tail of the steel ingot, anatomical sampling detection is carried out at least at two ends and the middle part of the pump shaft.
The pump shaft is similar to a cylinder, but the diameter of the middle part is larger, the diameters of the two ends are smaller, a series of steps are arranged from the two ends to the middle, and the maximum step is the position where the diameter of the pump shaft is the largest. The quality of the pump shaft at the position with the largest diameter is relatively poorer due to the influence of forging and heat treatment processes, so that the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft needs to be sampled and inspected. The pump shaft is not wholly destroyed in order to save cost, and the maximum diameter part of the pump shaft forging is extended to form an extension part during forging, and the position on the extension part is sampled.
The mechanical property detection comprises a tensile test and an impact test. The physical and chemical tests comprise the test of metallographic structure, grain size, nonmetallic inclusion and chemical components.
According to some preferred embodiment aspects of the invention, the first sampling diameter corresponds to the first longitudinal generatrix; the second sampling diameter corresponds to the second longitudinal generatrix.
According to some preferred aspect of the invention, the first longitudinal generatrix and the second longitudinal generatrix are one and the same longitudinal generatrix.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the sampling point of the chemical composition uniformity is the same as the detection point of the surface hardness uniformity.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the first and third distances are 100 and 300mm, preferably 200 mm; the second and fourth distances are 20-70mm, preferably 50 mm.
According to some preferred aspects of the invention, the first distance and the third distance are the same, and the second distance and the fourth distance are the same.
According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the sampling direction of the mechanical property measurement sampling position in each of the topographic examinations includes an axial direction and a tangential direction. The pump shaft is at the main pump operation in-process, and the impeller is installed on the pump shaft, and the pump shaft still links to each other with the main pump motor, and the pump shaft drives the impeller rotation under the drive of motor, leads to the pump shaft atress can be more complicated. Therefore, the samples selected by the pump mechanics test should be cut in multiple directions, and the sampling direction at least includes axial direction and tangential direction, so as to more comprehensively reflect the quality of the pump shaft. Specifically, when the sampling position is the axial position of the end face of the pump shaft, the sampling directions are axial and radial (tangential); when the sampling position is other positions of the end surface of the pump shaft, the sampling direction is axial and tangential; when the sampling position is the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft, the sampling directions are axial and tangential.
According to some preferred implementation aspects of the invention, the sampling positions for detecting the mechanical property of the end part of the pump shaft at least comprise 1/2 radius positions and axial center positions of the end face.
According to some preferred implementation aspects of the invention, the sampling positions of the pump shaft end physical and chemical detection at least comprise an edge position of the end face, an 1/2 radius position of the end face and an axial center position.
According to some preferred implementation aspects of the invention, the sampling position for the mechanical property detection and the physical and chemical detection of the maximum pump shaft diameter position is on the extension part.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the sampling method suitable for the nuclear power station main pump shaft forging manufacturing process evaluation only carries out sampling detection on the typical position of the end part and the surface of the pump shaft under the condition of keeping the integrity of the product, and can perfectly detect the manufacturing quality and the manufacturing process level of the pump shaft.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of sampling points for chemical composition uniformity and detection points for surface hardness uniformity on a longitudinal generatrix of a pump shaft in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the positions of sampling points for chemical composition uniformity and detection points for surface hardness uniformity on the end surface of a pump shaft according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pump shaft in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pump shaft end sampling position in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings: 1. an end portion; 2. the part with the largest diameter; 3. an extension portion; 4. a longitudinal bus; 5. sampling diameter; 6. sampling/detection points; 7. the axis line.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, and not a whole embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The manufacturing process of the pump shaft of the main pump for a certain nuclear power station comprises the following steps: the forging steel ingot is an electroslag remelting steel ingot, the steel ingot is divided into two sections after preliminary forging, two pump shafts are formed by forging, performance heat treatment is carried out after the pump shafts are forged and roughly processed, and finally the pump shafts are finely processed to obtain the final product.
Aiming at the pump shaft manufacturing process, the whole steel ingot (electroslag remelting steel ingot) for manufacturing the pump shaft is evaluated as a whole, and two pump shafts manufactured by the whole steel ingot are both used as evaluation pieces; the pump shaft has the biggest position 2 of diameter and extension 3, and extension 3 is the biggest position 2 of diameter and extends to the tip 1 of pump shaft and forms, and every pump shaft all needs to carry out chemical composition homogeneity and detects, surface hardness homogeneity and local anatomy and detects, and local anatomy detects including mechanical properties detection and physical and chemical detection. The mechanical property detection comprises a tensile test and an impact test, and the physical and chemical detection comprises the detection of metallographic structures, grain sizes, nonmetallic inclusions and chemical components.
The pump shaft is similar to a cylinder, but the diameter of the middle part is larger, the diameters of the two ends are smaller, a series of steps are arranged from the middle part to the two ends, and the maximum position of the steps is the position 2 with the largest diameter of the pump shaft. The quality of the maximum diameter part 2 of the pump shaft is relatively poorer due to the influence of forging and heat treatment processes, so the maximum diameter part of the pump shaft needs to be sampled and detected. The mechanical property of the maximum diameter part 2 of the pump shaft is sampled, in order to save cost and not to integrally damage the pump shaft, the maximum diameter part of a pump shaft forging is extended to form an extension part during forging, and the sampling is carried out at the position on the extension part.
Aiming at the pump shaft manufacturing process, the following sampling method is determined, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) when the chemical component uniformity is detected, sampling is carried out on the surfaces of the two pump shafts subjected to forging rough machining at intervals of a first distance along a first longitudinal bus 4; the sampling is performed every second distance along the first sampling diameter 5 of the end face of the pump shaft end 1, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
2) When the surface hardness uniformity is detected, the surface hardness of the pump shaft surface after the performance heat treatment is detected at intervals of a third distance along the second longitudinal bus 4, and the surface hardness is detected at intervals of a fourth distance along the second sampling diameter 5 of the end face of the end part 1 of the pump shaft, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
Aiming at the longitudinal generatrix 4, the sampling diameter 5 and the sampling interval distance in the steps 1) and 2), the first sampling diameter 5 in the embodiment corresponds to the first longitudinal generatrix 4, the second sampling diameter 5 corresponds to the second longitudinal generatrix 4, namely the sampling diameter is the diameter formed by the longitudinal generatrix corresponding to the pump shaft end 1, the first longitudinal generatrix and the second longitudinal generatrix are the same longitudinal generatrix 4, the first distance and the third distance are the same and are 200mm, and the second distance and the fourth distance are the same and are 50 mm. That is, the sampling point 6 for the chemical composition uniformity in this example is the same as the detection point 6 for the surface hardness uniformity. The selection of the longitudinal generatrices can be random because the pump shaft has a symmetrical structure, but after the position of the first longitudinal generatrix 4 is fixed, the second longitudinal generatrix 4, the first sampling diameter 5, the second sampling diameter 5 and the like are determined.
3) And when the two pump shafts are subjected to performance heat treatment and subjected to local analysis detection, the sampling positions in the local analysis detection at least comprise positions on the pump shafts corresponding to the head, the tail and the middle of the steel ingot. If one end of the pump shaft in the embodiment corresponds to the head of the steel ingot and the other end corresponds to the tail of the steel ingot, anatomical sampling detection is performed at least at two ends and the middle part of the pump shaft.
Samples for mechanical property and physical and chemical detection are respectively cut from two end parts 1 of each pump shaft, and the samples for mechanical property and physical and chemical detection are respectively cut from an extension part 3 corresponding to the position of the maximum diameter part 2 of the pump shaft. The sampling direction of each of the topographic survey sampling locations includes an axial direction and a tangential direction. The pump shaft is at the main pump operation in-process, and the impeller is installed on the pump shaft, and the pump shaft still links to each other with the main pump motor, and the pump shaft drives the impeller rotation under the drive of motor, leads to the pump shaft atress can be more complicated. Therefore, the samples selected by the pump mechanics test should be cut in multiple directions, and the sampling direction at least includes axial direction and tangential direction, so as to more comprehensively reflect the quality of the pump shaft.
Wherein, during sampling detection of the end part 1: the sampling positions of the mechanical property samples at the two ends of the pump shaft are 1/2 radius positions and shaft center positions, the 1/2 radius position comprises a group of tangential samples and a group of axial samples, and the shaft center position comprises a group of axial samples and a group of radial (tangential) samples. Wherein, each group of samples comprises a normal temperature tensile sample, a high temperature tensile sample and a group of impact samples for three samples, as shown in fig. 4. The axial position is the end face position corresponding to the axial lead 7.
The sampling positions of the physical and chemical detection samples at the two ends of the pump shaft are 1/2 radius positions, axle center positions and edge positions of the end face, and a group of physical and chemical detection samples are taken at each position. Each group of physical and chemical inspection samples comprises a metallographic sample, a grain size sample, a nonmetallic inclusion sample and a chemical composition analysis sample, and is shown in fig. 4. Fig. 4 shows schematic positions of the edge position, 1/2 radius position, and axial center position of the end face from top to bottom.
The sampling position for detecting the middle maximum diameter position of the pump shaft is positioned on the extension part and close to the surface of the pump shaft, the sampling position comprises a group of mechanical property samples and a group of physical and chemical inspection samples, and the sampling directions of the mechanical property samples are axial and tangential. Each set of samples specifically included the same type of sample as the end samples.
The tangential direction refers to the direction in which the concentric circles of the end face are tangent, and becomes radial when the tangential direction is on the diameter of the end face.
In order to facilitate description and understanding, the steps are distinguished and numbered, and in actual implementation, the steps can be performed simultaneously or sequentially.
After the pump shaft is subjected to the steps, the manufacturing process of the pump shaft can be evaluated according to mechanical properties and physical and chemical detection results, and the manufacturing quality and the quality of the manufacturing process of the pump shaft are reflected. Please note that the above steps are only basic solutions of the present invention, and illustrate characteristic points of the present invention, i.e. the sampling method, and do not include pump shaft specific inspection items.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sampling method suitable for the evaluation of a manufacturing process of a pump shaft forging of a main pump of a nuclear power station is characterized in that the whole steel ingot for manufacturing the pump shaft is evaluated as a whole, and all the pump shafts manufactured by the whole steel ingot are used as evaluation pieces; the pump shaft is provided with a maximum diameter part and an extension part, the extension part is formed by extending the maximum diameter part towards the end part of the pump shaft, and each pump shaft needs to be subjected to chemical composition uniformity detection, surface hardness uniformity detection and local anatomy detection;
the sampling method comprises the following steps:
when the uniformity of chemical components is detected, sampling the surface of the pump shaft subjected to forging rough machining at intervals of a first distance along a first longitudinal bus; sampling at intervals of a second distance along a first sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft;
when the surface hardness uniformity is detected, the surface hardness of the pump shaft subjected to the performance heat treatment is detected at intervals of a third distance along a second longitudinal bus, and the surface hardness is detected at intervals of a fourth distance along a second sampling diameter of the end face of the end part of the pump shaft;
the local anatomy detection comprises mechanical property detection and physical and chemical detection, and the sampling position of the local anatomy detection at least comprises the end part of the pump shaft and the position with the largest diameter of the pump shaft.
2. The sampling method of claim 1, wherein the first sampling diameter corresponds to the first longitudinal generatrix; the second sampling diameter corresponds to the second longitudinal generatrix.
3. The sampling method according to claim 2, characterized in that said first longitudinal generatrix and said second longitudinal generatrix are one and the same longitudinal generatrix.
4. The sampling method according to claim 1, wherein the sampling point of the chemical composition uniformity is the same as the detection point of the surface hardness uniformity.
5. The sampling method according to claim 1, wherein the first distance and the third distance are 100-300mm, and the second distance and the fourth distance are 20-70 mm.
6. The sampling method of claim 5, wherein the first distance and the third distance are the same, and the second distance and the fourth distance are the same.
7. The sampling method according to claim 1, wherein the sampling directions of the mechanical property measurement sampling positions in the topographic detection each include an axial direction and a tangential direction.
8. The sampling method of claim 7, wherein the sampling positions for the mechanical property detection of the pump shaft end comprise at least 1/2 radius positions and axial positions of the end face.
9. The sampling method of claim 7, wherein the sampling positions of the pump shaft end physical and chemical detection at least comprise an edge position of the end face, an 1/2 radius position of the end face and an axial center position.
10. The sampling method of claim 7, wherein the sampling location for mechanical property detection and physicochemical detection of the maximum pump shaft diameter location is located on the extension portion.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011423050.2A CN112683570B (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forge piece manufacturing process evaluation |
| CN202210960586.0A CN115436083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method for evaluating manufacturing process of pump shaft forging |
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| CN202011423050.2A CN112683570B (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method suitable for nuclear power station main pump shaft forge piece manufacturing process evaluation |
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| CN202210960586.0A Division CN115436083A (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2020-12-08 | Sampling method for evaluating manufacturing process of pump shaft forging |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114152463A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-08 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Sampling method for valve body forging manufacturing process evaluation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114152463A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-08 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Sampling method for valve body forging manufacturing process evaluation |
| CN114152463B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2024-03-12 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Sampling method for valve body forging manufacturing process evaluation |
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| CN115436083A (en) | 2022-12-06 |
| CN112683570B (en) | 2022-08-30 |
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