CN115433550A - Phase-change microcapsule with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption functions and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Phase-change microcapsule with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption functions and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115433550A CN115433550A CN202211108173.6A CN202211108173A CN115433550A CN 115433550 A CN115433550 A CN 115433550A CN 202211108173 A CN202211108173 A CN 202211108173A CN 115433550 A CN115433550 A CN 115433550A
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- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 title description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 62
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 13
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001430 chromium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CBFCDTFDPHXCNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 4
- POOSGDOYLQNASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetracosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC POOSGDOYLQNASK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HOWGUJZVBDQJKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC[Na] RCEAADKTGXTDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium trinitrate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PHFQLYPOURZARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005526 alkyl sulfate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012874 anionic emulsifier Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nitrate Inorganic materials [Cd+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O XIEPJMXMMWZAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloretic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NMHMNPHRMNGLLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates
Abstract
The invention discloses a phase change microcapsule with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption and a preparation method thereof. Nanometer ferroferric oxide particles with uniform size are obtained by a chemical synthesis method, calcium carbonate and nanometer ferroferric oxide are successfully and uniformly coated on the surface of a phase change material by an emulsion template method and a self-assembly precipitation method, the phase change material is a capsule core, and the calcium carbonate and the nanometer ferroferric oxide are capsule shells, so that the phase change microcapsule with stable form and repeatable recycling is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microcapsules, in particular to a phase change microcapsule with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption functions and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Water pollution is generally water that causes a decrease in the use value of water due to harmful substances and pollutes the environment. Water bodies are contaminated by chemicals including detergents, organic dyes, heavy metal ions, pesticides, etc. from medical, industrial and human daily life waste mishandling, agricultural fertilizers, and petroleum spills. These chemicals can reduce water quality and threaten human living environment. Among them, heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater are not easy to be explained, and thus, they gradually accumulate in the living body, which poses a serious threat to human beings. Therefore, industrial wastewater has been a serious problem in water pollution. The search for a suitable method for realizing the treatment and purification of industrial sewage is one of the focuses of people in recent years.
In order to meet the requirements of human beings and the environment on water quality and realize the sustainable development of human beings, corresponding water treatment technologies, such as membrane separation, precipitation, oxidation process, coagulation flocculation, adsorption and the like, are developed to remove pollutants in water. Among these technologies, simple physical or chemical adsorption is considered as the most promising water treatment technology for industrialization because of its advantages of low cost, high efficiency, insensitivity to toxic substances, easy operation, etc. A wide variety of adsorbents, including natural minerals, carbon-based materials, biochar, polymeric materials, and the like, can be used for wastewater treatment. The calcium carbonate-based adsorbent is a natural mineral and has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, strong oxidation resistance and high thermal stability. The existing research results prove that the calcium carbonate-based adsorbent can effectively remove various heavy metal particles, such as Cu, in water body 2+ 、Cd 2+ 、Cr 3+ 、Fe 2+ 、Ni 2+ And Pb 2+ . However, natural mineral calcium carbonate exhibits poor removal efficiency due to its small number of active sites on the surface and small specific surface area. In contrast, by utilizing a synthetic means, the effective regulation and control of the surface active site and the specific surface area of the calcium carbonate can be realized, and the adsorption capacity superior to that of natural calcium carbonate is shown. Although calcium carbonate with different crystal forms and specific surface areas can be obtained by adjusting the synthesis method, the calcium carbonate with large specific surface area is usually at the cost of reducing the size of the calcium carbonate, so that the synthesized calcium carbonate is difficult to synthesizeSeparated from the waste water, and is not favorable for practical application.
In addition to the discharge of toxic pollutants, industrial waste water is accompanied by a large amount of industrial waste heat. The large amount of waste heat not only threatens the living environment of aquatic organisms such as fishes and aquatic weeds, but also increases the energy dissipation. If the industrial waste heat can be recycled, a good opportunity is inevitably provided for low-carbon energy evolution and future industrial sustainability. The solid-liquid phase change material is used as a material with high energy storage capacity, low phase separation rate, stable chemical property and near constant temperature for absorbing and releasing heat energy, can store a large amount of heat by utilizing phase change, and can realize effective recovery of waste heat in industrial wastewater. However, the conventional phase change material has a disadvantage of high flow during phase transition, resulting in poor cycle stability and durability, limiting its application. The existing research shows that the phase change material is coated in the compact shell material through a microcapsule coating technology, so that the leakage and the loss of the phase change material can be prevented, the reaction condition can be controlled, and the control on the micro-morphology of the shell material is realized. Meanwhile, the shell material with functionality is selected, the functionalization of the phase-change microcapsule material can be realized, different application prospects of the phase-change microcapsule material are widened, but no report of the phase-change microcapsule capable of realizing waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption at the same time exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a phase change microcapsule with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of phase-change microcapsules with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Dispersing a phase-change material, nano ferroferric oxide and an emulsifier in formamide, and stirring to react to form an oil-in-water emulsion system;
(2) Adding a calcium chloride solution and a sodium carbonate solution into the oil-in-water emulsion system, reacting for 3-5h, and filtering to obtain the phase-change microcapsule.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the nano ferroferric oxide is 50-100nm; preferably, the preparation method of the nano ferroferric oxide comprises the following steps: stirring ferric trichloride and ferric chloride in water, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline, and washing with water after complete reaction to obtain nano ferroferric oxide; preferably, the molar ratio of ferric trichloride to ferric dichloride is 2:1, the substance for adjusting the pH value is one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 350-550rpm, and the reaction time is 20-40min.
Preferably, in the step (1), the nano ferroferric oxide: emulsifier: phase change material: the mass ratio of formamide is (1-3): (4-5): 20:1000.
Preferably, in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 300-500rpm, and the stirring time is 4-6h.
Preferably, in the step (1), the phase change material is n-alkane, and the emulsifier is one or more of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and a polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer (P123).
Preferably, when the emulsifier is sodium dodecyl sulfate or polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, adding a calcium chloride solution firstly, and then adding a sodium carbonate solution, wherein the adding speed of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-10mL/min; when the emulsifier is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, firstly adding a sodium carbonate solution, and then adding a calcium chloride solution, wherein the adding speed of the calcium chloride solution is 1-10mL/min.
SDS belongs to anionic emulsifier, surface active substance which can form negative charge ion can attract positive ion, so that firstly calcium chloride solution is added, and the calcium ion can be attracted by SDS. P104 is a neutral emulsifier, a large number of hydroxyl groups in the polymer chain, the surfactant being capable of reacting with Ca 2+ Complexing, so the calcium chloride solution is added firstly. CTAB belongs to a cationic emulsifier, and anions are required to be added firstly, so that a sodium carbonate solution is added firstly.
Preferably, in the step (2), the calcium chloride solution is a solution of calcium chloride dissolved in formamide or deionized water and has a concentration of 0.08-0.09g/mL, and the sodium carbonate solution is a solution of sodium carbonate dissolved in deionized water and has a concentration of 0.09-0.10g/mL.
More preferably, the mass ratio of the calcium chloride in the calcium chloride solution to the sodium carbonate in the sodium carbonate solution to the phase-change material in the step (1) is (8-9): (9-10): 10.
the second aspect of the invention provides the phase change microcapsule obtained by the preparation method, wherein the capsule is of a core-shell structure, the capsule core is made of a phase change material, and the capsule shell is made of nano ferroferric oxide and calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the phase-change enthalpy of the phase-change microcapsule is 130J/g or more, the adsorption capacity for cadmium ions is 850mg/g or more, the adsorption capacity for copper ions is 700mg/g or more, the adsorption capacity for chromium ions is 900mg/g or more, and the adsorption capacity for iron ions is 500mg/g or more.
The invention adopts three emulsifiers to obtain three crystal forms of calcium carbonate. During the process of synthesizing phase-change microcapsule by using SDS, ca in SDS 2+ And anionic groups promote Ca by ionic interaction 2+ Local supersaturation in the vicinity of n-alkane micelles. This local supersaturation facilitates the self-assembly of the precipitated calcium carbonate nanoparticles by attachment of the alkylsulfate groups of the SDS onto the surface of the n-alkane micelle. The calcium carbonate nanoparticles thus aggregate on the n-alkane micelles, forming a vaterite crystal form.
During the synthesis of the phase-change microcapsule by CTAB, only weak interaction, namely Van der Waals force, exists between calcium carbonate nano-particles and quaternary ammonium groups of CTAB, and the calcium carbonate crystal structure is hardly formed. Thus, calcium carbonate induces directional nucleation during crystallization, resulting in highly stable calcite crystals.
During the synthesis of phase-change microcapsules with P123, P123 is able to react with Ca due to the large number of hydroxyl groups on the P123 polymer chain 2+ Complexing so as to enhance the interaction between the calcium carbonate and the growth crystal face of the calcium carbonate, and inducing the nucleation, growth and aggregation of the calcium carbonate by the synergistic action of the polymer chain and the normal alkane micelle to form an aragonite crystal form.
Nanometer ferroferric oxide particles with uniform size are obtained by a chemical synthesis method, calcium carbonate and nanometer ferroferric oxide are successfully and uniformly coated on the surface of a phase change material by an emulsion template method and a self-assembly precipitation method, the phase change material is a capsule core, and the calcium carbonate and the nanometer ferroferric oxide are capsule shells, so that the phase change microcapsule with stable form and repeatable recycling is obtained.
The phase-change material used as the capsule core can realize effective recovery of waste heat in industrial wastewater; the calcium carbonate in the capsule shell can not only effectively protect the organic normal alkane, but also can realize the adsorption of heavy metal ions in the industrial wastewater by utilizing the excellent adsorption function of the calcium carbonate; in addition, ferroferric oxide endows the phase-change microcapsule with good magnetic responsiveness, so that the phase-change microcapsule has excellent magnetic recovery capability, and the aim of recycling the phase-change microcapsule is fulfilled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the phase-change material serving as the capsule core in the phase-change microcapsule can realize effective recovery of waste heat in industrial wastewater; the calcium carbonate in the capsule shell can not only effectively protect organic n-alkane, but also can realize the adsorption of heavy metal ions in industrial wastewater by utilizing the excellent adsorption function of the calcium carbonate; in addition, ferroferric oxide endows the phase-change microcapsule with good magnetic responsiveness, so that the phase-change microcapsule has excellent magnetic recovery capability, and the aim of recycling the phase-change microcapsule is fulfilled.
The phase change microcapsule provided by the invention not only has a good waste heat recovery function, but also has excellent adsorbability. The phase change enthalpy of the phase change microcapsule is more than 130J/g, the adsorption capacity to cadmium ions is more than 850mg/g, the adsorption capacity to copper ions is more than 700mg/g, the adsorption capacity to chromium ions is more than 900mg/g, and the adsorption capacity to iron ions is more than 500 mg/g.
The phase-change microcapsule disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, simple in preparation method and process, low in price of raw materials, free of toxic substances in a synthesis process and easy to realize industrialization, and when the prepared phase-change microcapsule is applied to industrial wastewater treatment, two effects of adsorption of heavy metal ions in wastewater and waste heat recovery can be synchronously realized, so that the phase-change microcapsule has potential application in the field of sustainable environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1: schematic representation of the phase change microcapsules of the present invention.
FIG. 2: the results of the experiments and simulations comparing the phase change microcapsules of examples 1-3 with copper ions.
FIG. 3: the comparison between the experiment and the simulation result of the phase-change microcapsules of examples 1 to 3 for adsorbing cadmium ions is shown.
FIG. 4: the results of the experiments and simulations comparing the phase-change microcapsules of examples 1-3 for adsorbing chromium ions are shown.
FIG. 5: the phase-change microcapsules of examples 1 to 3 are compared with the simulation results for the iron ion adsorption experiment.
FIG. 6: comparative heat storage capacity of phase change microcapsules of examples 1, 4-6.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
As described in the background art, based on the above, the invention provides the phase change microcapsule with the functions of waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption, wherein the capsule is of a core-shell structure, the capsule core is made of the phase change material, and the capsule shell is made of nano ferroferric oxide and calcium carbonate. The phase change enthalpy of the phase change microcapsule is more than 130J/g, the adsorption capacity to cadmium ions is more than 850mg/g, the adsorption capacity to copper ions is more than 700mg/g, the adsorption capacity to chromium ions is more than 900mg/g, and the adsorption capacity to iron ions is more than 500 mg/g.
The preparation method of the phase-change microcapsule comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the components in a molar ratio of 2:1, stirring ferric trichloride and ferric dichloride in water, wherein the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 350-550rpm, the reaction time is 20-40min, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline by using one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, washing after the reaction is completed, and recovering a product by a magnet, wherein the product is nano ferroferric oxide with the particle size of 50-100 nm.
(2) Dispersing a phase-change material, nano ferroferric oxide and an emulsifier in formamide, and stirring at 40-60 ℃ to form an oil-in-water emulsion system, wherein the stirring speed is 300-500rpm, and the stirring time is 4-6 hours; wherein, the phase-change material is n-alkane, and the emulsifier is one or more of lauryl sodium sulfate, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer; nano ferroferric oxide: emulsifier: phase change material: the mass ratio of formamide is (1-3): (4-5): 20:1000.
(3) And adding a calcium chloride solution and a sodium carbonate solution into an oil-in-water emulsion system, reacting for 3-5h, and filtering to obtain the phase-change microcapsule. The calcium chloride solution is a solution of calcium chloride dissolved in formamide or deionized water, the concentration is 0.08-0.09g/mL, and the sodium carbonate solution is a solution of sodium carbonate dissolved in deionized water, the concentration is 0.09-0.10g/mL; the mass ratio of the calcium chloride in the calcium chloride solution to the sodium carbonate in the sodium carbonate solution to the phase-change material in the step (1) is (8-9): (9-10): 10.
when the emulsifier is lauryl sodium sulfate or polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, firstly adding a calcium chloride solution, and then adding a sodium carbonate solution, wherein the adding speed of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-10mL/min; when the emulsifier is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, firstly adding a sodium carbonate solution, and then adding a calcium chloride solution, wherein the adding speed of the calcium chloride solution is 1-10mL/min.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples of the present invention were all conventional in the art and commercially available.
Example 1
(1) Adding ferric trichloride and ferric dichloride into water according to a molar ratio of 2. After reacting for 30min, filtering to obtain the nano ferroferric oxide with the average grain diameter within 100 nm.
(2) Adding nano ferroferric oxide powder, n-eicosane and SDS into formamide, and continuously stirring for 5 hours at the rotating speed of 450rpm at the temperature of 55 ℃ to obtain an oil-in-water emulsion system.
Nano ferroferric oxide powder: SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate): n-eicosane: the mass ratio of formamide is 1.
(3) Adding a calcium chloride solution into the oil-in-water emulsion system, then slowly adding a sodium carbonate solution at the speed of 1mL/min, reacting for 4h, and filtering to obtain the phase-change microcapsule.
The calcium chloride solution is prepared by dissolving calcium chloride in formamide, and the concentration is 0.08g/mL; the sodium carbonate solution is sodium carbonate dissolved in deionized water, and the concentration is 0.09g/mL.
The mass ratio of the calcium chloride in the calcium chloride solution to the sodium carbonate in the sodium carbonate solution to the n-eicosane in the step (2) is 8.
Example 2
In this example, the emulsifier SDS was changed to CTAB, and sodium carbonate solution was added to the oil-in-water emulsion system in step (3), followed by slow addition of calcium chloride solution at a rate of 1mL/min, the rest being the same as in example 1.
Example 3
In this example, the emulsifier SDS was changed to P123, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
In this example, n-eicosane was added as n-octadecane, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
In this example, n-eicosane was added instead of n-docosane, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Example 6
In this example, n-eicosane was added in the same manner as in example 1, except that n-tetracosane was used instead.
Examples of the experiments
1. Ion adsorption amount test
The phase-change microcapsules prepared in examples 1 to 3 were added to a copper sulfate solution, respectively, and the phase-change microcapsules were uniformly dispersed in the solution using an oscillator having the following parameters: the temperature was 25 ℃ and the speed was 500rpm. After 12 hours, the supernatant was taken and tested for copper ion concentration using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cadmium nitrate solution, chromium nitrate solution and ferric nitrate solution are prepared by the same method, the adsorbed concentrations of the solutions are tested, and the data are counted and calculated to obtain the relevant adsorption amounts shown in fig. 2-5, wherein fig. 2 is the copper ion adsorption amount, fig. 3 is the cadmium ion adsorption amount, fig. 4 is the chromium ion real adsorption amount, fig. 5 is the ferric ion adsorption amount, S1 in the figure is example 1, S2 is example 2, and S3 is example 3.
The adsorption data are fitted by using the first-stage simulation kinetic model and the second-stage simulation kinetic model, and the result shows that the second-stage simulation kinetic model can better fit the data, which indicates that the speed control step is performed in the adsorption process.
The adsorption mechanism of calcium carbonate is physical adsorption and chemical adsorption. Mechanism of physical adsorption: the calcium carbonate particles are tiny, the specific surface area is large, the number of surface active sites is large, and the substances are adsorbed on the active sites by the calcium carbonate through intermolecular van der Waals force; the mechanism of chemisorption: the calcium carbonate can perform ion exchange, precipitation and complexation with heavy metal ions in the solution. Chemisorption and physisorption are generally carried out simultaneously.
There are many factors that influence the adsorption amount of heavy metal ions by calcium carbonate, such as specific surface area, electron density around calcium atoms, solubility product constant (Ksp), hydrated ionic radius, and crystal lattice.
In FIG. 2, the maximum amount of copper ions adsorbed in example 1 is 700mg/g or more. Ksp and sulfate are two major factors affecting the amount of adsorption during the adsorption of copper ions. The Ksp values of the three crystal forms of calcium carbonate, vaterite, calcite and aragonite are 1.2X 10 -8 、4.0×10 -9 、6.0×10 -9 Ksp =2.2 × 10, much higher than copper sulfate -20 This significant difference in Ksp makes the ion exchange process easier. The vaterite type calcium carbonate has the strongest dissolving capacity and the largest amount of adsorbed copper ions. In addition, sulfate ions promote aragonite formation in solution, inhibiting the crystal transition of aragonite to calcite. Therefore, the phase-change microcapsule synthesized by SDS has the highest adsorption amount of copper ions, and the phase-change microcapsule synthesized by P123 and CTAB is followed.
In FIG. 3, the adsorption amount of example 3 to cadmium ions is the highest and is above 850 mg/g. Heavy metal ions with smaller hydration radii increase the swelling pressure within the adsorbent, resulting in a decrease in metal affinity. Example 3 phase change microcapsules synthesized from P123 adsorb cadmium ions more easily due to their larger hydrated ionic radius.
In FIG. 4, the adsorption amount of example 2 to chromium ions was the highest and was 900mg/g or more. The phase change microcapsules synthesized by CTAB have the largest adsorption capacity for chromium ions due to the high atomic fraction of calcium in the calcite crystal structure, which can enhance the ion exchange process to promote high adsorption capacity.
In FIG. 5, the iron ion adsorption amount of example 1 is the highest and is 500mg/g or more. The phase-change microcapsule synthesized by SDS has the maximum adsorption capacity to iron ions, which is formed by crystal configuration, crystal transformation and Fe 3+ Due to the synergistic effect of (a).
2. Enthalpy of phase change test
The phase-change microcapsules prepared in examples 1 and 4 to 6 were subjected to DSC test to obtain enthalpy of phase change. The temperature is increased from minus 20 ℃ to 80 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, then the temperature is decreased to minus 20 ℃ at the same speed, the area is obtained by integration to be the corresponding enthalpy value, and the test result is shown in figure 6, wherein N20 is the example 1, and the phase change material is N-eicosane; n18 is example 4, the phase change material is N-octadecane; n22 is example 5, the phase change material is N-docosane; n24 is example 6 and the phase change material is tetracosane.
The phase change enthalpy of the phase change microcapsules of example 6 in fig. 6 is the largest, and the phase change enthalpy of example 5 is the lowest, at 130J/g.
The phase change microcapsule provided by the invention not only has a good waste heat recovery function, but also has excellent adsorbability. The phase change enthalpy of the phase change microcapsule is more than 130J/g, the adsorption capacity to cadmium ions is more than 850mg/g, the adsorption capacity to copper ions is more than 700mg/g, the adsorption capacity to chromium ions is more than 900mg/g, and the adsorption capacity to iron ions is more than 500 mg/g.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of phase change microcapsules with waste heat recovery and heavy metal ion adsorption is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Dispersing a phase-change material, nano ferroferric oxide and an emulsifier in formamide, and stirring for reaction to form an oil-in-water emulsion system;
(2) Adding a calcium chloride solution and a sodium carbonate solution into the oil-in-water emulsion system, reacting for 3-5h, and filtering to obtain the phase-change microcapsule.
2. The preparation method of the phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the grain size of the nano ferroferric oxide is 50-100nm; preferably, the preparation method of the nano ferroferric oxide comprises the following steps: stirring ferric trichloride and ferric chloride in water, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline, and washing with water after complete reaction to obtain nano ferroferric oxide; preferably, the molar ratio of ferric trichloride to ferric dichloride is 2:1, the substance for adjusting the pH value is one or more of ammonia water, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 350-550rpm, and the reaction time is 20-40min.
3. The preparation method of the phase-change microcapsule according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the nano ferroferric oxide: emulsifier: phase change material: the mass ratio of formamide is (1-3): (4-5): 20:1000.
4. The method for preparing phase-change microcapsules according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 40-60 ℃, the stirring speed is 300-500rpm, and the stirring time is 4-6h.
5. The method for preparing phase-change microcapsules according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the phase-change material is n-alkane, and the emulsifier is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer.
6. The method for preparing phase-change microcapsules according to claim 5, wherein when the emulsifier is sodium dodecyl sulfate or polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer, the calcium chloride solution is added first, and then the sodium carbonate solution is added, wherein the adding rate of the sodium carbonate solution is 1-10mL/min; when the emulsifier is cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, firstly adding a sodium carbonate solution, and then adding a calcium chloride solution, wherein the adding speed of the calcium chloride solution is 1-10mL/min.
7. The method for preparing phase-change microcapsules according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the calcium chloride solution is a solution of calcium chloride dissolved in formamide or deionized water and has a concentration of 0.08-0.09g/mL, and the sodium carbonate solution is a solution of sodium carbonate dissolved in deionized water and has a concentration of 0.09-0.10g/mL.
8. The method for preparing phase-change microcapsules according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the calcium chloride in the calcium chloride solution to the sodium carbonate in the sodium carbonate solution to the phase-change material in the step (1) is (8-9): (9-10): 10.
9. the phase-change microcapsule prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the capsule has a core-shell structure, the core of the capsule is a phase-change material, and the shell of the capsule is nano ferroferric oxide and calcium carbonate.
10. The phase-change microcapsule according to claim 9, wherein the phase-change enthalpy of the phase-change microcapsule is 130J/g or more, the adsorption capacity for cadmium ions is 850mg/g or more, the adsorption capacity for copper ions is 700mg/g or more, the adsorption capacity for chromium ions is 900mg/g or more, and the adsorption capacity for iron ions is 500mg/g or more.
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