CN115428680A - Double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled with air energy and environment control method - Google Patents
Double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled with air energy and environment control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115428680A CN115428680A CN202211060272.1A CN202211060272A CN115428680A CN 115428680 A CN115428680 A CN 115428680A CN 202211060272 A CN202211060272 A CN 202211060272A CN 115428680 A CN115428680 A CN 115428680A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000010485 coping Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/18—Greenhouses for treating plants with carbon dioxide or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/22—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like
- A01G9/227—Shades or blinds for greenhouses, or the like rolled up during non-use
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/26—Electric devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a double-effect solar greenhouse with water-gas film heat exchange coupled with air energy and an environment control method, which comprise an internal water circulation system, a water-gas film greenhouse and a temperature and humidity control system, wherein the water-gas film greenhouse comprises a planting area and a heat exchange area, the heat exchange area is provided with a buffer film, a water-gas film, a roller shutter film and a rack window, the temperature and humidity control system comprises a water ground source heat pump, a water-gas heat exchanger and a fan which are arranged in the planting area, the internal water circulation system comprises a cold water tank, a hot water tank, a spraying device and a water collecting tank, and a new connection and circulation method is established through the coupling of the water source heat pump and the water-gas film heat exchange system. The system takes the water source heat pump as an auxiliary gain means, realizes the supplement and heat collection of greenhouse effect solar energy, improves the water-air membrane heat exchange efficiency and the greenhouse heating capacity, greatly improves the greenhouse heat collection capacity and the energy efficiency ratio of the water source heat pump, has active dehumidification capacity and capacity of coping with rainy and bad weather, and has wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of greenhouse control devices, in particular to a double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled with air energy and an environment control method.
Background
The gardening greenhouse occupies huge space and area, the difficulty and cost are high, environmental pollution and too high greenhouse gas emission are caused by heating and regulating the environment through consuming coal, natural gas and electric power, 35% of the energy consumption of agricultural production in every year in the world is used for heating the greenhouse, and the greenhouse environment regulation cost accounts for 15% -40% of the total greenhouse production cost.
The invention 201910573039.5 provides an intelligent greenhouse and an environment control method for heat collection by utilizing greenhouse effect and water-gas membrane heat exchange. But does not relate to the function of initiative dehumidification, and original scheme dehumidification mainly relies on the same method of traditional greenhouse to carry out the clearance ventilation, and ventilation also can lead to indoor outer cold and hot air convection, and the heat dissipates, and the indoor risk that still has the humidity too high in the period of not ventilating. In a closed environment, insufficient air circulation can reduce the photosynthetic rate of plants in the daytime, the temperature of leaves can be excessively increased, and in areas with excessive rainy weather, solar energy utilization is also influenced, and additional heat sources are required to be supplemented in time. At present, commercial air can be applied to the production of high-grade flowers and seedlings with equivalent value, but the conditions that the COP value is too low at night, an evaporator frosts, the colder the weather is, and the lower the heating capacity is when the heating is more needed exist. The introduction of the semi-closed greenhouse abroad mainly depends on evaporative cooling to cool in summer, and is difficult to apply in plain areas in south China. In low-altitude subtropical zones and temperate zone continental climates, the conditions of high night temperature, high day temperature and high humidity can occur simultaneously in summer, and at the moment, the effects of cooling by a wet curtain and natural ventilation are difficult to achieve. Therefore, the invention provides a double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled with air energy and an environment control method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an intelligent greenhouse for heat collection by utilizing greenhouse effect and water-gas membrane heat exchange and an environment control method for solving the problems.
A double-effect solar greenhouse with air energy coupled through water-air film heat exchange and a ring control method comprise a multi-unit connected shed 1, a skylight 14 is installed at the top of each unit in the connected shed 1, a cross beam of the connected shed 1 is installed at a position 0.5-1.5 meters below a gutter trough, a water-air film arched shed 2 which is used for bearing water and ventilating is installed at the top of each unit in the connected shed 1, the water-air film arched shed 2 divides the connected shed 1 into a heat exchange area 11 at the top and a planting area 12 at the lower part, the heat exchange area 11 is provided with a spraying device 111 which is fixed with the top of the connected shed 1, lower edges of the lower ends of two sides of the water-air film arched shed 2 are provided with a water trough 13 which is used for bearing water spraying of the spraying device, an air energy heat pump temperature adjusting area 3 is arranged at one end of the planting area 12, a heat preservation water tank 4 is arranged below the planting area 12, the heat preservation water tank 4 is connected with a rainwater collecting pool outside the connected with the spraying device 111 through a water supply pipeline 6 and a water pump.
Furthermore, the front end of the air-source heat pump temperature adjusting area 3 is separated from the planting area 12, the top of the air-source heat pump temperature adjusting area is communicated with the heat exchange area 11, the rear end of the air-source heat pump temperature adjusting area is separated from the outside through a roller shutter film, a fan 33 is arranged above the front end of the air-source heat pump temperature adjusting area 3 and communicated with the planting area 12, an air-source heat pump 31 is installed on the air-source heat pump temperature adjusting area 3, an air outlet of an evaporator of the air-source heat pump 31 is connected with an air cylinder 32 extending into the bottom of the planting area 12, an air inlet is connected with the fan 33, an air inlet of a condenser of the air-source heat pump 31 is respectively communicated with the heat exchange area 11 and the outside through two pipelines with electromagnetic valves, and an air outlet is communicated with the outside through a pipeline.
Further, the cross section of the inner arched shed 2 is in a fan-shaped structure 21 or a wedge-shaped structure 22 or a double-triangular structure 23; the water vapor film internal arch shed with the sector structure is characterized in that the cross section of the water vapor film internal arch shed is a sector arch film 211 with a high middle position, the water vapor film is supported by a short circular arch of a steel pipe, two waterproof breathable films 212 with low two sides and a structure supported by a long circular arch, the vertical projection of the short circular arch with the high position is overlapped with the inner parts of the two waterproof breathable films with the low position, a ventilation area 213 is arranged between the upper circular arch and the lower circular arch, the bottom ends of the two sides of the sector arch film 211 and the top end of the inner side of the waterproof breathable films 212 are provided with rolling curtain films 214 for regulating the closing or communication of the shed body heat exchange area 11 and the planting area 12, a water collection groove 13 is arranged at the lower end of the outer sides of the two waterproof breathable films 212, and a skylight 14 is a 30% rolling curtain film windowing structure when the water vapor film internal arch shed 2 with the sector structure 21 is used;
the transverse section of the water vapor membrane internal arched shed with the wedge-shaped structure 22 is a structure that a crossbeam of a connected shed 1 is connected with a top arch bar of the connected shed 1 through a middle longitudinal bar 221, a left diagonal draw bar 222 and a right diagonal draw bar 223 are additionally arranged between the arch bar of the connected shed 1 and the crossbeam, the bottom end of the left diagonal draw bar is connected with a water collection tank 13 below the crossbeam of the connected shed 1, the top end of the left diagonal draw bar is connected with the arch bar of the connected shed 1 in an inclined manner and is connected with the middle longitudinal bar 221, the bottom end of the right diagonal draw bar is connected with the water collection tank 13 below the middle longitudinal bar 221, the top end of the right diagonal draw bar is connected with a gutter tank of the connected shed 1 in an inclined manner, a heat exchange area 11 is arranged on the middle longitudinal bar 221 between the left diagonal draw bar 222 and the right diagonal draw bar and is communicated with a planting area 12 and is connected with a closed rolling curtain membrane 225, waterproof breathable membranes 224 are arranged on the left diagonal draw bar and the right diagonal draw bar, and when the water vapor membrane internal arched shed with the wedge-shaped structure 22 is used, a skylight 14 is 50% open a rack open window structure;
the left oblique pull rod structure 231 of 23 aqueous vapor film intraductal sheds of two triangle-shaped structures is the same with the left oblique pull rod 222 structure of wedge structure 22, right oblique pull rod top is connected with middle part vertical pole 232, and the below installation catchment groove 13, right oblique pull rod 233 bottom is connected with catchment groove 13 of disjunctor canopy 1 crossbeam below to one side, installation control heat transfer district 11 and planting district 12 intercommunication and closed roll up curtain membrane 235 on the middle part vertical pole between left oblique pull rod 222 and the right oblique pull rod, all install waterproof ventilated membrane 234 on left oblique pull rod and the right oblique pull rod, when using the aqueous vapor film intraductal sheds of two triangle-shaped structures 23, skylight 14 is 50% open rack structure of windowing.
Further, the heat-preservation water tank 4 comprises a cold water tank 41 and a hot water tank 42, temperature sensors are installed in the cold water tank 41 and the hot water tank 42, and the hot water tank 42 is communicated with the cold water tank 41 through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve.
Further, the invention provides a control method for a greenhouse, and the specific regulation and control mode is as follows:
A. heat collection, temperature reduction and humidification: the conjoined shed 1 is closed, the rolling curtain film 214 is opened, the spraying device 111 is started to supplement carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, the water supply pipeline 6 sucks cold water in the cold water tank 41, and hot water is output to the hot water tank 42 through the recovery pipeline 7 by the water collection tank 13 after heat exchange with high-temperature air in the shed.
B. Enhancing cooling and humidifying: the conjoined shed 1 is sealed, the rolling curtain film 214 is opened, the air source heat pump 31 is started, the cold energy device sucks hot air out of the heat exchange area 11, the hot air is discharged to the outside after heat exchange, the evaporator sucks hot air out of the top of the planting area 12 through the fan 33, and cold air is introduced into the lower part of the planting area 12 through the air duct 32 after heat exchange, so that the cooling effect is improved.
C. Double-effect cooling: and opening the skylight 14 and combining the mode A and the mode B, and cooling the surface of the water-air film and evaporating dry and wet air for internal and external circulation by cold water spraying.
D. Heating at night: the connected shed 1 is closed and the rolling film 214 is opened. The spraying device 111 is started, the water supply pipeline 6 sucks cold water in the hot water tank 42, the cold water exchanges heat with high-temperature air in the greenhouse, and the cold water is output to the top of the cold water tank 41 through the water collection tank 13 through the recovery pipeline 7 and forms a heat surrounding structure with soil to heat the greenhouse.
F. The external cold energy is heated, the connected greenhouse 1 and the roller shutter film 214 are sealed, the air source heat pump 31 is started, the functions of the condenser and the heat exchanger are changed through a four-way reversing valve, the evaporator exchanges heat with outdoor air, the condenser sucks cold air at the top of the planting area 12 through the fan 33, hot air is introduced to the lower part of the planting area 12 through the air duct 32 after heat exchange, and therefore the air outside the greenhouse is collected and heated.
G. Intermittent dehumidification: the air source heat pump 31 is started for cooling and dehumidifying for a short time, and when the indoor humidity is reduced to about 75%, the air source heat pump 31 is started for heating the greenhouse through the spraying device 111 or reversely.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the air is used as the low-temperature heat source for heat collection and the coupling of the water-gas membrane heat exchange system, a double-effect greenhouse temperature and humidity regulation and circulation method is established, the air is used as the low-temperature heat source for heat collection as an auxiliary gain means, the complementary heat collection of greenhouse effect solar energy is realized, the water-gas membrane heat exchange efficiency and the greenhouse heating capacity are improved, the greenhouse heat collection capacity and the energy efficiency ratio of a greenhouse regulation and control device are greatly improved, the whole set of system integrates the heat collection, heating, cooling and active dehumidification capacities, can cope with various bad weathers, and has a wide application range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a connected shed of a heat collection temperature and humidity control system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cross-sectional structure of a connected shed of the heat collection temperature and humidity control system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the temperature and humidity control logic of the heat collection temperature and humidity control system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a fan-shaped water-air film inner shed of the heat collection temperature and humidity control system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a wedge-shaped water-air film inner shed of the heat collection temperature and humidity control system;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a double-triangle inner canopy of a water-air film of a heat collection temperature and humidity control system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding of the skilled person.
The invention discloses a double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled air energy and a ring control method, and referring to fig. 1-6, the double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled air energy and the ring control method mainly comprise a multi-unit connected shed 1, a skylight 14 is installed at the top of each unit in the connected shed 1, the cross beam of the connected shed 1 is installed at a position 0.5-1.5 meters below a gutter trough, a water-air film inner arched shed 2 for bearing water and ventilating is installed at the top of each unit in the connected shed 1, the water-air film inner arched shed 2 divides the connected shed 1 into a heat exchange area 11 at the top and a planting area 12 at the lower part, the heat exchange area 11 is provided with a spray device 111 fixed at the top of the connected shed 1, the lower edges of two sides of the water-air film inner arched shed 2 are provided with a water trough 13 for bearing water sprayed by the spray device, one end of the planting area 12 is provided with an air energy heat pump temperature adjusting area 3 and a heat preservation water tank 4 is arranged below the planting area 12, the heat preservation water tank 4 is connected with a rainwater supply pool outside the connected with the water supply tank 1 through a ground pipeline 6 and the water spray device 111.
The solar radiation heat energy in the greenhouse is stored in the heat preservation water tank 4 through heat exchange between water and air, energy is extracted from a water source when the temperature and the humidity of the greenhouse are regulated and controlled as required, the greenhouse regulation and control are carried out by combining the water-air film internal arched shed 2 and the air energy heat pump temperature regulation and control area 3, water in the heat preservation water tank 4 can be conveyed to the spraying device 111 through the water supply pipeline 6 to be sprayed, the sprayed water forms a water-air film on the water-air film internal arched shed 2, the temperature in the greenhouse is regulated according to the sprayed water temperature, the humidity is regulated through the opening and closing state of the water-air film internal arched shed 2, the water in the water-air film internal arched shed 2 enables the heat exchange water to flow into the water collection grooves 13 at two ends and enter the heat preservation water tank 4 through the recovery pipeline 7, and the water resource is recycled.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the front end of the air-energy heat pump temperature-adjusting zone 3 is separated from the planting zone 12, the top of the air-energy heat pump temperature-adjusting zone is communicated with the heat exchange zone 11, the rear end of the air-energy heat pump temperature-adjusting zone is separated from the outdoor space by a rolling curtain film, a fan 33 is arranged above the front end of the air-energy heat pump temperature-adjusting zone 3 and communicated with the planting zone 12, an air-energy heat pump 31 is installed on the air-energy heat pump temperature-adjusting zone 3, an air outlet of an evaporator of the air-energy heat pump 31 is connected with an air duct 32 extending into the bottom of the planting zone 12, an air inlet is connected with the fan 33, an air inlet of a condenser of the air-energy heat pump 31 is respectively communicated with the heat exchange zone 11 and the outdoor space by two pipelines with electromagnetic valves, and an air outlet is communicated with the outdoor space by pipelines.
When the air energy heat pump 31 works, the compressor compresses a gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature high-pressure gaseous state, the gaseous refrigerant is sent to a tube pass of the condenser to perform heat exchange cooling with cold air (the cold air is heated), the gaseous refrigerant is changed into a medium-temperature high-pressure liquid refrigerant after being cooled, the liquid refrigerant is throttled by the expansion valve to be reduced into a low-temperature low-pressure gas-liquid mixture, the gas refrigerant is evaporated by absorbing heat in air by the evaporator to become a gaseous state (the hot air is changed into cold), and then the gaseous refrigerant returns to the compressor to be continuously compressed; the four-way reversing valve changes the flow direction of the refrigerant by changing the flow channel of the refrigerant, and converts the functions of the condenser and the evaporator; therefore, when the temperature needs to be reduced, the air outlet of the evaporator of the air energy heat pump 31 is connected with the air duct 32 extending into the bottom of the planting area 12, and when the temperature needs to be increased, the air outlet of the condenser of the air energy heat pump 31 is connected with the air duct 32 extending into the bottom of the planting area 12.
Referring to fig. 4, the cross section of the inner arched shed 2 is in a fan-shaped structure 21 or a wedge-shaped structure 22 or a double-triangular structure 23; the water vapor film internal arched shed of the sector structure is characterized in that the cross section of the water vapor film internal arched shed is a sector arched film 211 with a high middle position, the water vapor film internal arched shed is supported by a steel pipe short circular arch, two waterproof breathable films 212 with low two sides and a structure supported by a long circular arch, the vertical projection of the high short circular arch is overlapped with the inner parts of the two waterproof breathable films with low positions, a ventilation area 213 is arranged between the upper circular arch and the lower circular arch, the bottom ends of the two sides of the sector arched film 211 and the top end of the inner side of the waterproof breathable films 212 are provided with rolling curtain films for regulating and controlling the closing or communication of the shed body heat exchange area 11 and the planting area 12, a water collecting tank 13 is arranged at the lower end of the outer side of the two waterproof breathable films 212, and a skylight 14 is a 30% rolling curtain film windowing structure when the water vapor film internal arched shed 2 of the sector structure 21 is used; skylight 14 can open and shut and close the inside and outside intercommunication of realization big-arch shelter, and fan-shaped arched film 211 can accept the shower water and make the shower water flow to the waterproof ventilated membrane 212 of both sides below form the heat transfer water film to form the water curtain of humidification in ventilation zone 213 both sides, roll up the curtain membrane and can open and close the intercommunication that realizes planting district and heat transfer zone.
Referring to fig. 5, a water vapor film internal arched shed of the wedge-shaped structure 22 is characterized in that a transverse section of a transverse beam of a connected shed 1 is connected with a top arch bar of the connected shed 1 through a middle longitudinal bar 221, a structure of a left diagonal bar 222 and a right diagonal bar 223 is additionally arranged between the arch bar and the transverse beam of the connected shed 1, the bottom end of the left diagonal bar is connected with a water collection tank 13 below the transverse beam of the connected shed 1, the top end of the left diagonal bar is connected with the arch bar of the connected shed 1 in an inclined manner and is connected with the middle longitudinal bar 221, the bottom end of the right diagonal bar is connected with the water collection tank 13 below the middle longitudinal bar 221, the top end of the right diagonal bar is connected with a gutter tank of the connected shed 1 in an inclined manner, a heat exchange area 11 is connected with a planting area 12 and is connected with a closed rolling curtain film, waterproof breathable films 224 are respectively arranged on the left diagonal bar and the right diagonal bar, and when the water vapor film internal arched shed of the wedge-shaped structure 22 is used, a skylight 14 is of a 50% open rack open window structure; skylight 14 can open and shut and close the inside and outside intercommunication that realizes the big-arch shelter, and waterproof ventilated membrane 224 on left oblique pull rod 222 and the right oblique pull rod 223 can accept the shower water and make the shower water form the heat transfer water film to form the water curtain of humidification in ventilation zone 213 department of the middle part of the vertical pole 221, roll up the curtain membrane and can open and close the intercommunication that realizes planting district and heat transfer zone.
Referring to fig. 6, the left diagonal draw bar structure 231 of the double-triangle 23 water-air membrane internal arched shed is the same as the left diagonal draw bar 222 of the wedge 22, the top end of the right diagonal draw bar is connected with the middle vertical bar 232, the water collecting tank 13 is arranged below the right diagonal draw bar 233, the bottom end of the right diagonal draw bar 233 is obliquely and downwards connected with the water collecting tank 13 below the cross beam of the connected shed 1, and the middle vertical bar between the left diagonal draw bar 222 and the right diagonal draw bar is provided with a roller shutter membrane for controlling the heat exchange area 11 to be communicated with the planting area 12 and to be closed. When the water vapor film with the double-triangular structure 23 is used for arched shed, the skylight 14 is a structure with 50% opened rack windows; skylight 14 can open and shut and close the inside and outside intercommunication of realization big-arch shelter, and waterproof ventilated membrane 224 on left oblique pull rod 222 and the right oblique pull rod 223 can accept the shower water and make the shower water form the heat transfer water film to get middle vertical pole 221 department at ventilation zone 213 and form the water curtain of humidification, roll up the curtain membrane and can open and realize planting the intercommunication of district and heat transfer zone with the closure.
Referring to fig. 1, the heat-preservation water tank 4 includes a cold water tank 41 and a hot water tank 42, temperature sensors are installed in the cold water tank 41 and the hot water tank 42, the hot water tank 42 is communicated with the cold water tank 41 through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve, cold water in the cold water tank 41 is sent to the water-gas heat exchanger 312 to exchange heat with air and then returns to the hot water tank 42 for storage, and when the temperature sensor in the hot water tank 42 detects that the temperature of the water is reduced, the cooled hot water is discharged into the cold water tank through the pipeline.
The working process is as follows:
(1) Heat collection, temperature reduction and humidification: in the season that the night temperature is lower than the normal growth standard of plants, in the period of strong solar radiation in daytime, the conjoined greenhouse 1 is sealed, the roller shutter film 214 of the arched greenhouse 2 in the water vapor film is opened, the greenhouse top spraying device 111 is started to supplement carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, cold water in the heat preservation water tank 4 is sucked, and after heat exchange with high-temperature air in the greenhouse, warm water is output to the warm water tank 4, and the method is characterized in that the hot air at the top is cooled and then descends, so that a certain degree of humidification effect is achieved.
(2) Enhancing heat collection, cooling and humidifying: the air energy heat pump temperature adjusting area 3 and the connected shed 1 are both closed, when the low-level water temperature in the heat preservation water tank at the later stage of the day gradually rises to above about 25 ℃, the temperature difference between the air temperature and the water temperature is too small or the solar radiation is strong, and the requirement on the temperature reduction is higher, when the requirement on the heat storage area and the water temperature is also higher, the air source heat pump 31 is started, the evaporator introduces cold air at the lower part of the heat exchange area 11, the temperature reduction effect is increased, and hot air is sucked out from the upper part of the planting area 12 and supplied to the condenser for heat exchange. In daytime, when the temperature is higher and the heating is not needed at night, the carbon dioxide gas fertilizer valve is closed, the skylight 14 and the inner arched shed rolling curtain film 214 are opened, and the evaporation on the surface of the arched shed 2 in the water gas film and the inside and outside circulation cooling of dry and wet air are carried out.
(3) Double-effect cooling: when the temperature at night and in the day is obviously higher than the proper temperature for plant growth, the skylight 14 is opened, the inner arched shed roller shutter film 214 is opened to the maximum value, cold water is sprayed by the spraying device 111, the surface of the water-air film is cooled, the dry and wet air is evaporated and circulated in and out, and the like, meanwhile, the air energy heat pump temperature adjusting area 3 is opened to be communicated with the outside, and the air source heat pump 31 is started to supply cold air to the plants in the shed for cooling.
(4) Heating at night: when the outside night temperature is lower than the optimal night temperature for plant growth, the skylight 14 and the inner arched greenhouse rolling film 214 are closed, the greenhouse top spraying device 111 is started to spray hot water, and the greenhouse top and the soil form a heat surrounding structure to heat the greenhouse.
(5) Heating by external cold energy: when the solar heat collection is insufficient or difficult to collect in continuous rainy days or extremely low temperatures, the conjoined shed 1 and the roller shutter film 214 are sealed, the air source heat pump 31 is started, the functions of the condenser and the heat exchanger are changed through the four-way reversing valve, the evaporator exchanges heat with outdoor air, the condenser sucks cold air at the top of the planting area 12 through the fan 33, hot air is introduced into the lower part of the planting area 12 through the air duct 32 after heat exchange, and therefore the air outside the greenhouse is collected and heated.
(6) Intermittent dehumidification: when the humidity at night is detected to be more than 88 percent and the outdoor air temperature is higher, opening the skylight 14 for intermittent ventilation and dehumidification; when the outdoor temperature is low, the conjoined shed 1 is kept closed, the air source heat pump 31 is started for a short time to cool and dehumidify, and when the indoor humidity is reduced to about 75 percent, the greenhouse is heated by the spraying device 111 or the air source heat pump 31 which is started reversely.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A double-effect solar greenhouse with water-air film heat exchange coupled with air energy and an environment control method are characterized in that: the double-effect solar greenhouse is a multi-unit conjoined shed (1), a skylight (14) is installed at the top of each unit in the conjoined shed (1), a crossbeam of the conjoined shed (1) is installed at a position 0.5-1.5 meters below a gutter trough, a water-bearing ventilated water vapor film inner arched shed (2) is installed at the top of each unit in the conjoined shed (1), the water vapor film inner arched shed (2) divides the conjoined shed (1) into a heat exchange area (11) at the top and a planting area (12) at the lower part, a spraying device (111) fixed at the top of the conjoined shed (1) is installed in the heat exchange area (11), a water collecting groove (13) for bearing water spraying of the spraying device is installed at the lower edge of two sides of the water vapor film inner arched shed (2), an air energy heat regulating pump (3) is arranged at one end of the planting area (12), a heat preservation water tank (4) is arranged below the planting area (12), the heat preservation water tank (4) is connected with a rainwater pool outside the conjoined shed (1) through a buried pipeline, and the water spraying device (111) are connected through a water supply pipeline (6) and a water pump.
2. The double-effect solar greenhouse and the environmental control method based on the water-air film heat exchange coupling air energy of claim 1, wherein the double-effect solar greenhouse and the environmental control method are characterized in that: the air energy heat pump temperature regulating area (3) front end separates with planting district (12), the top communicates with heat transfer district (11), the rear end is separated from outdoor through rolling up the curtain membrane, air energy heat pump temperature regulating area (3) front end top is provided with fan (33) and plants district (12) intercommunication, air energy heat pump (31) are installed to air energy heat pump temperature regulating area (3), the air outlet of air energy heat pump (31) evaporimeter is connected with dryer (32) that stretch into planting district (12) bottom, the air intake is connected with fan (33), the air intake of air energy heat pump (31) condenser communicates with heat transfer district (11) and outdoor respectively through the pipeline of two electrified magnet valves, the air outlet passes through pipeline and outdoor intercommunication.
3. The double-effect solar greenhouse and the environmental control method based on the water-air film heat exchange coupling air energy of claim 1, wherein the double-effect solar greenhouse and the environmental control method are characterized in that: the section of the inner arched shed (2) is of a fan-shaped structure (21), or a wedge-shaped structure (22) or a double-triangular structure (23); the water vapor film internal arched shed with the sector structure is characterized in that the cross section of the water vapor film internal arched shed is a sector arched film (211) with a high middle position, the sector arched film is supported by a steel pipe short circular arch, two waterproof breathable films (212) with low sides are supported by a long circular arch, the vertical projection of the high short circular arch is overlapped with the inner parts of the two waterproof breathable films with low positions, a ventilation area (213) is arranged between the upper circular arch and the lower circular arch, the bottom ends of the two sides of the sector arched film (211) and the top end of the inner side of the waterproof breathable films (212) are provided with a roller shutter film (214) for regulating and controlling the closing or communication of a shed body heat exchange area (11) and a planting area (12), a water collection tank (13) is arranged at the lower end of the outer sides of the two waterproof breathable films (212), and a skylight (14) is in a 30% roller shutter film windowing structure when the water vapor film internal arched shed (2) of the sector structure (21) is used;
the water vapor film internal arched shed with the wedge-shaped structure (22) is characterized in that a transverse section of a transverse beam of the connected shed (1) is connected with an arch bar at the top of the connected shed (1) through a middle longitudinal bar (221), a left inclined pull bar (222) and a right inclined pull bar (223) are additionally arranged between the arch bar and the transverse beam of the connected shed (1), the bottom end of the left inclined pull bar is connected with a water collection tank (13) below the transverse beam of the connected shed (1), the top end of the left inclined pull bar is connected with the arch bar of the connected shed (1) in an inclined manner and is connected with the middle longitudinal bar (221), the bottom end of the right inclined pull bar is connected with a water collection tank (13) below the middle longitudinal bar (221), the top end of the right inclined pull bar is connected with a gutter tank of the connected shed (1), a heat exchange area (11) and a planting area (12) are communicated with a closed curtain rolling film (225) through the installation and control mode, waterproof breathable films (224) are respectively installed on the left inclined pull bar and the right inclined pull bar, and when the water vapor film internal structure of the connected shed (22) is used, and 50% of the skylight (14) is opened;
the left diagonal draw bar structure (231) of the double-triangular structure (23) water vapor film internal arched shed is the same as the left diagonal draw bar (222) of the wedge-shaped structure (22), the top end of the right diagonal draw bar is connected with the middle longitudinal rod (232), a water collecting groove (13) is arranged below the right diagonal draw bar (233), the bottom end of the right diagonal draw bar is obliquely downwards connected with the water collecting groove (13) below the cross beam of the conjoined shed (1), a control heat exchange area (11) and a planting area (12) are communicated and a closed rolling curtain film (235) are arranged on the middle longitudinal rod between the left diagonal draw bar (222) and the right diagonal draw bar, waterproof breathable films (234) are arranged on the left diagonal draw bar and the right diagonal draw bar, and when the double-triangular structure (23) water vapor film internal arched shed is used, a skylight (14) is a 50% open rack window opening structure.
4. The double-effect solar greenhouse and the environmental control method based on the water-air film heat exchange coupling air energy of claim 1, wherein the double-effect solar greenhouse and the environmental control method are characterized in that: the heat preservation water tank (4) comprises a cold water tank (41) and a hot water tank (42), temperature sensors are installed in the cold water tank (41) and the hot water tank (42), and the hot water tank (42) is communicated with the cold water tank (41) through a pipeline with an electromagnetic valve.
5. The invention provides a control method for a greenhouse, which is characterized in that the specific regulation and control mode is as follows:
A. heat collection, temperature reduction and humidification: the conjoined shed (1) is closed, the rolling curtain film (214) is opened, the spraying device (111) is started to supplement carbon dioxide gas fertilizer, the water supply pipeline (6) sucks cold water in the cold water tank (41), and hot water is output to the hot water tank (42) through the recovery pipeline (7) through the water collection tank (13) after heat exchange with high-temperature air in the shed;
B. enhancing cooling and humidifying: the conjoined shed (1) is closed, the roller shutter membrane (214) is opened, the air source heat pump (31) is started, the cold energy device sucks hot air in the heat exchange area (11) for heat exchange and then discharges the hot air to the outside, the evaporator sucks the hot air at the top of the planting area (12) through the fan (33), and cold air is introduced into the lower part of the planting area (12) through the air duct (32) after heat exchange, so that the cooling effect is improved;
C. double-effect cooling: opening the skylight (14) and combining the mode A and the mode B, and cooling the surface of the water-air film, evaporating the dry and wet air to circulate inside and outside through multiple means of cold water spraying;
D. heating at night: the conjoined shed (1) is closed, the roller shutter film (214) is closed, the spraying device (111) is started, the water supply pipeline (6) sucks cold water of the hot water tank (42), and after heat exchange with high-temperature air in the shed, the cold water is output to the shed top of the cold water tank (41) through the recovery pipeline (7) through the water collection tank (13) and forms a heat surrounding structure with soil to heat the shed;
F. heating by using external cold energy, sealing the conjoined shed (1) and the roller shutter film (214), starting the air source heat pump (31), exchanging the functions of a condenser and a heat exchanger through a four-way reversing valve, exchanging heat between an evaporator and outdoor air, sucking cold air at the top of the planting area (12) out by the condenser through a fan (33), and introducing hot air into the lower part of the planting area (12) through an air duct (32) after heat exchange, so as to collect air outside the greenhouse for heating;
G. intermittent dehumidification: the air source heat pump (31) is started for cooling and dehumidifying for a short time, and when the indoor humidity is reduced to about 75%, the greenhouse is heated by the spraying device (111) or the air source heat pump (31) which is started reversely.
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