CN115427082A - 含有抗ceacam5抗体缀合物和folfox的抗肿瘤组合 - Google Patents
含有抗ceacam5抗体缀合物和folfox的抗肿瘤组合 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115427082A CN115427082A CN202180029921.9A CN202180029921A CN115427082A CN 115427082 A CN115427082 A CN 115427082A CN 202180029921 A CN202180029921 A CN 202180029921A CN 115427082 A CN115427082 A CN 115427082A
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- immunoconjugate
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- ceacam
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- folfox
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗体‑缀合物,其包含与亚叶酸、5‑氟‑尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)组合的抗CEACAM5抗体以用于治疗癌症。本发明进一步涉及用于治疗癌症的药物组合物和成套试剂盒,其包含抗CEACAM5抗体与亚叶酸、5‑氟‑尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)的组合。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗体-缀合物,其包含与亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)组合的抗CEACAM5抗体以用于治疗癌症。本发明进一步涉及用于治疗癌症的药物组合物和成套试剂盒,其包含抗CEACAM5抗体与亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)的组合。
背景技术
癌胚抗原(CEA)是一种参与细胞粘附的糖蛋白。CEA于1965年首次被鉴定(Gold和Freedman,J Exp Med,121,439,1965)为通常在妊娠期的前六个月由胎儿肠道表达的以及在胰腺癌、肝癌和结肠癌中被发现的蛋白质。CEA家族属于免疫球蛋白超家族。CEA家族由18个基因组成,细分为两个蛋白质亚组:癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子(CEACAM)亚组和妊娠特异性糖蛋白亚组(Kammerer&Zimmermann,BMC Biology 2010,8:12)。
在人中,CEACAM亚组由7个成员组成:CEACAM1、CEACAM3、CEACAM4、CEACAM5、CEACAM6、CEACAM7、CEACAM8。大量研究已显示,与最初鉴定的CEA相同,CEACAM5在结直肠、胃、肺、乳腺、前列腺、卵巢、子宫颈和膀胱肿瘤细胞表面上高度表达并且在少数正常上皮组织(诸如结肠中的柱状上皮细胞和杯状细胞、胃中的颈粘液细胞以及食道和子宫颈中的鳞状上皮细胞)中弱表达(等人2002,“Tumor markers,Physiology,Pathobiology,Technology and Clinical Applications”编辑Diamandis E.P.等人,AACCPress,华盛顿,第375页)。因此,CEACAM5可能构成适用于肿瘤特异性靶向方法(诸如免疫缀合物)的治疗靶标。
CEACAM家族成员的胞外结构域由重复的免疫球蛋白样(Ig样)结构域构成,所述免疫球蛋白样结构域根据序列同源性被分类为3种类型:A、B和N。CEACAM5含有七个这样的结构域,即N、A1、B1、A2、B2、A3和B3。在一方面,CEACAM5 A1、A2和A3结构域,以及在另一方面,B1、B2和B3结构域显示出高的序列同源性,人CEACAM5的A结构域呈现出从84%至87%的成对序列相似性,并且B结构域为从69%至80%。此外,在其结构中呈现A或/和B结构域的其他人CEACAM成员,即CEACAM1、CEACAM6、CEACAM7和CEACAM8,显示出与人CEACAM5的同源性。特别地,人CEACAM6蛋白的A和B结构域分别显示出与人CEACAM5的A1和A3结构域以及B1至B3结构域中的任何一个的序列同源性,其甚至高于在人CEACAM5的A结构域和B结构域中观察到的。
鉴于CEA靶向诊断或治疗目的,产生许多抗CEA抗体。针对相关抗原的特异性一直在此领域中作为问题而被提及,例如由Sharkey等人(1990,Cancer Research 50,2823)提及的。由于上述同源性,先前描述的一些抗体可能表现出与存在于不同免疫球蛋白结构域中的CEACAM5重复表位的结合和/或显示出与其他CEACAM成员(诸如CEACAM1、CEACAM6、CEACAM7或CEACAM8)的交叉反应性,缺乏对CEACAM5的特异性。鉴于CEA靶向疗法,抗CEACAM5抗体的特异性是希望的,使得其与表达人CEACAM5的肿瘤细胞结合,但不与表达其他CEACAM成员的一些正常组织结合。值得注意的是,CEACAM1、CEACAM6和CEACAM8已被描述为是由人和非人灵长类动物的中性粒细胞表达的(Ebrahimmnejad等人,2000,Exp Cell Res,260,365;Zhao等人,2004,J Immunol Methods 293,207;Strickland等人,2009JPathol,218,380),其中它们已显示会调节粒细胞生成以及在免疫反应中发挥作用。
在公布为WO 2014/079886的国际专利申请中公开了一种抗体,其与人和食蟹猴(Macaca fascicularis)CEACAM5蛋白的A3-B3结构域结合并且其不与人CEACAM1、人CEACAM6、人CEACAM7、人CEACAM8、食蟹猴CEACAM1、食蟹猴CEACAM6和食蟹猴CEACAM8显著交叉反应。此抗体已与美登素生物碱(maytansinoid)缀合,从而提供对MKN45人胃癌细胞具有显著细胞毒性活性的免疫缀合物,其中IC50值≤1nM。
抗体-免疫缀合物由与细胞生长抑制药物附接的抗体构成。在一个实施方案中,抗体经由化学接头与细胞生长抑制药物附接。这些免疫缀合物在癌症化学疗法中具有巨大潜力,并且能够选择性地将有效的细胞生长抑制剂递送至靶癌细胞,导致与传统化学疗法相比提高的功效;降低的全身毒性;以及改善的药代动力学、药效学和生物分布。迄今为止,已经开发出数百种针对各种癌症的多样的免疫缀合物,其中一些已被批准用于人类使用。
现今大多数化疗方案的目标是施用细胞毒性药物的组合,每种药物具有不同的作用机制并且有利地具有协同效应,从而引起癌细胞的死亡。此类化疗方案典型地由所使用的细胞毒性药物、它们的剂量、施用频率和持续时间来定义。几十年来,已经开发出新的化疗方案,并且现有的化疗方案已被精修用于治疗癌症。
然而,根据世界卫生组织,癌症是全球第二大死因,并且在2018年造成大约960万死亡。因此,持续需要提供改善的用于治疗癌症的药物组合和方案。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种免疫缀合物,其包含抗CEACAM5抗体,所述抗体与亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)组合使用以治疗癌症。
本发明进一步涉及一种药物组合物,其包含免疫缀合物以及亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂,所述免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,并且进一步涉及所述药物组合物用于治疗癌症的用途。
本发明还涉及一种试剂盒,其在单独或组合的配制品中包含(i)包含免疫缀合物的药物组合物,所述免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,以及(ii)包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂的一种或多种药物组合物。
本发明并且进一步涉及所述试剂盒用于治疗癌症的用途。
虽然到目前为止并非所有可能的细胞生长抑制剂组合都显示出进一步改善的治疗作用,但本发明的发明人已经确定,特别地,相对于施用单独的抗CEACAM5抗体或FOLFOX,包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物与FOLFOX的组合对治疗癌症显示出有利活性。
具体实施方式
定义
“抗体”可以是天然或常规抗体,其中两条重链通过二硫键彼此连接,并且每条重链通过二硫键与轻链连接。有两种类型的轻链:λ(l)和κ(k)。有五种主要的重链类别(或同种型):IgM、IgD、IgG、IgA和IgE,它们决定了抗体分子的功能活性。每条链含有不同的序列结构域。轻链包含两个结构域或区:可变结构域(VL)和恒定结构域(CL)。重链包含四个结构域:可变结构域(VH)和三个恒定结构域(CH1、CH2和CH3,统称为CH)。轻链(VL)和重链(VH)两者的可变区决定对抗原的结合识别和特异性。轻链(CL)和重链(CH)的恒定区结构域赋予重要的生物特性,诸如抗体链缔合、分泌、跨胎盘迁移性、补体结合、和与Fc受体(FcR)的结合。Fv片段是免疫球蛋白的Fab片段的N末端部分,并且由一条轻链和一条重链的可变部分组成。抗体的特异性在于抗体结合位点与抗原决定簇之间的结构互补性。抗体结合位点由主要来自高变区或互补决定区(CDR)的残基构成。偶然地,来自非高变区或框架区(FR)的残基会影响整体结构域结构并且因此影响结合位点。因此,互补决定区或CDR是指共同定义天然免疫球蛋白结合位点的天然Fv区的结合亲和力和特异性的氨基酸序列。免疫球蛋白的轻链和重链各自具有三个CDR,分别命名为CDR1-L、CDR2-L、CDR3-L以及CDR1-H、CDR2-H、CDR3-H。因此,常规抗体抗原结合位点包括六个CDR,其包含来自重链和轻链V区中的每一个的CDR组。
“框架区”(FR)是指插入在CDR之间的氨基酸序列,即免疫球蛋白轻链可变区和重链可变区的在单个物种的不同免疫球蛋白之间相对保守的那些部分。免疫球蛋白的轻链和重链各自具有四个CDR,分别命名为FR1-L、FR2-L、FR3-L、FR4-L以及FR1-H、FR2-H、FR3-H、FR4-H。人框架区是与天然存在的人抗体的框架区基本相同(约85%或更多,特别是90%、95%、97%、99%或100%)的框架区。
在本发明的上下文中,免疫球蛋白轻链或重链中的CDR/FR定义将基于IMGT定义来确定(Lefranc等人Dev.Comp.Immunol.,2003,27(1):55-77;www.imgt.org)。
如本文所用,术语“抗体”表示常规抗体及其片段以及单结构域抗体及其片段,特别是单结构域抗体以及嵌合、人源化、双特异性或多特异性抗体的可变重链。
如本文所用,抗体或免疫球蛋白还包括“单结构域抗体”,所述单结构域抗体最近已被描述并且所述单结构域抗体是其互补决定区是单结构域多肽的一部分的抗体。单结构域抗体的例子包括重链抗体、天然不含轻链的抗体、源自常规四链抗体的单结构域抗体、工程改造的单结构域抗体。单结构域抗体可以源自任何物种,包括但不限于小鼠、人、骆驼、美洲驼、山羊、兔、牛。单结构域抗体可以是天然存在的单结构域抗体,称为不含轻链的重链抗体。特别地,骆驼科物种,例如骆驼、单峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼和原驼,产生天然不含轻链的重链抗体。骆驼科重链抗体还缺乏CH1结构域。
这些没有轻链的单结构域抗体的可变重链在本领域中被称为“VHH”或“纳米抗 体”。与常规VH结构域类似,VHH含有四个FR和三个CDR。纳米抗体具有优于常规抗体的优势:它们是IgG分子的约十分之一,并且因此可以通过体外表达产生正确折叠的功能纳米抗体,同时实现高产率。此外,纳米抗体非常稳定并且对蛋白酶的作用具有抗性。Harmsen和DeHaard HJ综述了纳米抗体的特性和产生(Appl.Microbiol.Biotechnol.2007年11月;77(1):13-22)。
如本文所用的术语“单克隆抗体”或“mAb”是指单一氨基酸序列的抗体分子,其针对特定抗原并且不应解释为需要通过任何特定方法产生抗体。单克隆抗体可以由B细胞或杂交瘤的单个克隆产生,但也可以是重组的,即通过蛋白质工程产生。
术语“人源化抗体”是指这样的抗体,所述抗体是完全或部分非人来源的并且所述抗体已经被修饰以替代某些氨基酸,特别是在VH和VL结构域的框架区中的,以便避免或最小化人的免疫反应。大多数情况下,人源化抗体的恒定结构域是人CH和CL结构域。
(常规)抗体的“片段”包含完整抗体的一部分,特别是完整抗体的抗原结合区或可变区。抗体片段的例子包括由抗体片段形成的Fv、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、dsFv、(dsFv)2、scFv、sc(Fv)2、双抗体、双特异性和多特异性抗体。常规抗体的片段也可以是单结构域抗体,诸如重链抗体或VHH。
术语“Fab”表示具有约50,000的分子量和抗原结合活性的抗体片段,其中重链的N末端侧的约一半和整个轻链通过二硫键结合在一起。它通常是通过用蛋白酶(诸如木瓜蛋白酶)处理IgG而从片段中获得的。
术语“F(ab’)2”是指具有约100,000的分子量和抗原结合活性的抗体片段,其略大于经由铰链区的二硫键结合的2个相同Fab片段。它通常是通过用蛋白酶(诸如胃蛋白酶)处理IgG而从片段中获得的。
术语“Fab’”是指具有约50,000的分子量和抗原结合活性的抗体片段,所述抗体片段是通过切断F(ab’)2铰链区的二硫键而获得的。
单链Fv(“scFv”)多肽是共价连接的VH::VL异二聚体,其通常由包含通过编码肽的接头连接的VH和VL编码基因的基因融合物表达。本发明的人scFv片段包含保持适当构象的CDR,特别是通过使用基因重组技术。二价和多价抗体片段可以通过单价scFv的缔合而自发地形成,或者也可以通过肽接头偶联单价scFv而产生,诸如二价sc(Fv)2。“dsFv”是通过二硫键稳定的VH::VL异二聚体。“(dsFv)2”表示通过肽接头偶联的两个dsFv。
术语“双特异性抗体”或“BsAb”表示将两种抗体的抗原结合位点结合在单个分子内的抗体。因此,BsAb能够同时结合两种不同的抗原。越来越频繁地使用基因工程改造来设计、修饰和产生具有希望的一组结合特性和效应子功能的抗体或抗体衍生物,如例如在EP2 050 764 A1中所述。
术语“多特异性抗体”表示将两种或更多种抗体的抗原结合位点结合在单个分子内的抗体。
术语“双抗体”是指具有两个抗原结合位点的小抗体片段,所述片段包含在同一条多肽链(VH-VL)中与轻链可变结构域(VL)连接的重链可变结构域(VH)。通过使用过短而无法允许同一条链上两个结构域之间配对的接头,迫使所述结构域与另一条链的互补结构域配对并且产生两个抗原结合位点。
“与参考序列至少85%相同”的氨基酸序列是在其全长上与参考氨基酸序列的全长具有85%或更多,特别是90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或99%序列同一性的序列。
氨基酸序列之间的“序列同一性”的百分比可以通过比较两个序列(最佳地在比较窗中比对)来确定,其中为了两个序列的最佳比对,与参考序列(其不包含添加或缺失)相比,在比较窗中的多核苷酸或多肽序列的部分可以包含添加或缺失(即,空位)。百分比是通过以下方式来计算的:确定两个序列中出现一致核酸碱基或氨基酸残基的位置数,以得到匹配位置数;用匹配位置数除以比较窗中的位置总数,并且将结果乘以100,得到序列同一性百分比。用于比较的序列的最佳比对是通过全局成对比对进行的,例如使用Needleman和Wunsch J.Mol.Biol.48:443(1970)的算法。序列同一性的百分比可以很容易地确定,例如使用程序Needle,用BLOSUM62矩阵,以及以下参数:空位-起始=10,空位-延伸=0.5。
“保守氨基酸取代”是这样的氨基酸取代,其中氨基酸残基经另一个氨基酸残基取代,所述另一个氨基酸残基具有化学特性(例如,电荷、大小或疏水性)相似的侧链R基团。通常,保守氨基酸取代将基本上不改变蛋白质的功能特性。具有化学特性相似的侧链的氨基酸基团的例子包括1)脂族侧链:甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸;2)脂族-羟基侧链:丝氨酸和苏氨酸;3)含酰胺的侧链:天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺;4)芳族侧链:苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸;5)碱性侧链:赖氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸;6)酸性侧链:天冬氨酸和谷氨酸;以及7)含硫侧链:半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸。保守氨基酸取代基团也可以基于氨基酸大小来限定。
当提及多肽(即,本发明的抗体)或核苷酸序列时,“纯化的”和“分离的”意指所指示的分子在基本不存在相同类型的其他生物大分子的情况下存在。如本文所用的术语“纯化的”特别意指存在按重量计至少75%、85%、95%或98%的相同类型的生物大分子。编码特定多肽的“分离的”核酸分子是指基本上不含不编码主题多肽的其他核酸分子的核酸分子;然而,所述分子可以包含不对组合物的基本特征产生有害影响的一些另外的碱基或部分。
如本文所用,术语“受试者”表示哺乳动物,诸如啮齿动物、猫科动物、犬科动物和灵长类动物。特别地,根据本发明的受试者是人。
包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物
本发明涉及一种免疫缀合物,其包含与亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)组合使用的抗CEACAM5抗体,以用于治疗癌症。
所述免疫缀合物典型地包含抗CEACAM5抗体和至少一种细胞生长抑制剂。特别地,在免疫缀合物中,所述抗CEACAM5抗体经由可切割或不可切割的接头与所述至少一种细胞生长抑制剂共价附接。
抗CEACAM5抗体
根据一个实施方案,免疫缀合物包含人源化抗CEACAM5抗体。
根据一个实施方案,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:1组成的CDR-H1、由SEQ ID NO:2组成的CDR-H2、由SEQ ID NO:3组成的CDR-H3、由SEQ ID NO:4组成的CDR-L1、由氨基酸序列NTR组成的CDR-L2、和由SEQ ID NO:5组成的CDR-L3。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:6组成的重链(VH)可变结构域和由SEQ ID NO:7组成的轻链(VL)可变结构域。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,所述抗体包含:
-由序列 (SEQ ID NO:6,其中CDR以粗字体示出)组成的重链可变结构域,其中FR1-H跨度为氨基酸位置1至25,CDR1-H跨度为氨基酸位置26至33(SEQ ID NO:1),FR2-H跨度为氨基酸位置34至50,CDR2-H跨度为氨基酸位置51至58(SEQ IDNO:2),FR3-H跨度为氨基酸位置59至96,CDR3-H跨度为氨基酸位置97至109(SEQ ID NO:3),并且FR4-H跨度为氨基酸位置110至120,以及
-由序列 (SEQ ID NO:7,其中CDR以粗字体示出)组成的轻链可变结构域,其中FR1-L跨度为氨基酸位置1至26,CDR1-L跨度为氨基酸位置27至32(SEQ ID NO:4),FR2-L跨度为氨基酸位置33至49,CDR2-L跨度为氨基酸位置50至52,FR3-L跨度为氨基酸位置53至88,CDR3-L跨度为氨基酸位置89至97(SEQ ID NO:5),并且FR4-L跨度为氨基酸位置98至107。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物还包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:6具有至少90%同一性的重链(VH)可变结构域和与SEQ ID NO:7具有至少90%同一性的轻链(VL)可变结构域,其中CDR1-H由SEQ ID NO:2组成,CDR2-H由SEQID NO:3组成,CDR3-H由SEQ ID NO:4组成,CDR1-L由SEQ ID NO:6组成,CDR2-L由氨基酸序列NTR组成,并且CDR3-L由SEQ ID NO:7组成。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:6具有至少92%、至少95%、至少98%同一性的重链(VH)可变结构域和与SEQ ID NO:7具有至少92%、至少95%、至少98%同一性的轻链(VL)可变结构域,其中CDR1-H由SEQ ID NO:2组成,CDR2-H由SEQ ID NO:3组成,CDR3-H由SEQ ID NO:4组成,CDR1-L由SEQ ID NO:6组成,CDR2-L由氨基酸序列NTR组成,并且CDR3-L由SEQ ID NO:7组成。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:8组成的重链(VH)和由SEQ ID NO:9组成的轻链(VL)。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:8具有至少90%序列同一性的重链(VH)和与SEQ ID NO:9具有至少90%序列同一性的轻链(VL),其中CDR1-H由SEQ ID NO:2组成,CDR2-H由SEQ ID NO:3组成,CDR3-H由SEQ ID NO:4组成,CDR1-L由SEQ ID NO:6组成,CDR2-L由氨基酸序列NTR组成,并且CDR3-L由SEQ ID NO:7组成。
在一个其他实施方案中,免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含与SEQ ID NO:8具有至少92%、至少95%、至少98%同一性的重链(VH)和与SEQ IDNO:9具有至少92%、至少95%、至少98%同一性的轻链(VL),其中CDR1-H由SEQ ID NO:2组成,CDR2-H由SEQ ID NO:3组成,CDR3-H由SEQ ID NO:4组成,CDR1-L由SEQ ID NO:6组成,CDR2-L由氨基酸序列NTR组成,并且CDR3-L由SEQ ID NO:7组成。
免疫缀合物中包含的抗CEACAM5抗体也可以是单结构域抗体或其片段。特别地,单结构域抗体片段可以由可变重链(VHH)组成,所述可变重链包含如上所述的抗体的CDR1-H、CDR2-H和CDR3-H组成。所述抗体也可以是重链抗体,即不含轻链的抗体,其可以含有或可以不含CH1结构域。
所述单结构域抗体或其片段可以包含骆驼科单结构域抗体的框架区以及任选地骆驼科单结构域抗体的恒定结构域。
免疫缀合物中包含的抗CEACAM5抗体也可以是抗体片段,特别是人源化抗体片段,选自Fv、Fab、F(ab’)2、Fab’、dsFv、(dsFv)2、scFv、sc(Fv)2和双抗体。
所述抗体也可以是由抗体片段形成的双特异性或多特异性抗体,至少一个抗体片段是根据本发明的抗体片段。多特异性抗体是多价蛋白复合物,如例如在EP 2 050 764 A1或US 2005/0003403 A1中所述。
免疫缀合物中包含的抗CEACAM5抗体及其片段可以通过本领域熟知的任何技术产生。特别地,所述抗体通过如下文所述的技术产生。
免疫缀合物中包含的抗CEACAM5抗体及其片段可以以分离的(例如,纯化的)形式使用或含在载体(诸如膜或脂质囊泡(例如,脂质体))中。
免疫缀合物中包含的抗CEACAM5抗体及其片段可以通过本领域中已知的任何技术来产生,所述技术诸如但不限于单独的或组合的任何化学、生物学、遗传或酶促技术。
知道所希望的序列的氨基酸序列,本领域技术人员可以通过用于生产多肽的标准技术容易地生产抗CEACAM5抗体及其片段。例如,它们可以使用熟知的固相方法,特别是使用可商购的肽合成装置(诸如由加利福尼亚州福斯特市的Applied Biosystems制造的装置)并且遵循制造商的说明来合成。可替代地,抗CEACAM5抗体及其片段可以通过如本领域熟知的重组DNA技术来合成。例如,这些片段在将编码所希望的(多)肽的DNA序列掺入表达载体中并且将此类载体引入将表达所希望的多肽的合适真核生物或原核生物宿主中后作为DNA表达产物获得,随后可以使用熟知的技术从其中将它们分离。
通过常规免疫球蛋白纯化程序适当地从培养基中分离抗CEACAM5抗体及其片段,所述纯化程序诸如例如蛋白A-Sepharose、氢氧磷灰石色谱法、凝胶电泳、透析、或亲和色谱法。
基于常规重组DNA和基因转染技术生产人源化抗体的方法是本领域熟知的(参见例如,Riechmann L.等人1988;Neuberger MS.等人1985)。可以使用本领域已知的各种技术将抗体人体化,所述技术包括例如申请WO 2009/032661中公开的技术、CDR-移植(EP 239,400;PCT公开WO 91/09967;美国专利号5,225,539;5,530,101;和5,585,089)、镶饰或表面重修(EP 592,106;EP 519,596;Padlan EA(1991);Studnicka GM等人(1994);Roguska MA.等人(1994))、和链改组(美国专利号5,565,332)。用于制备此类抗体的通用重组DNA技术也是已知的(参见欧洲专利申请EP 125023和国际专利申请WO 96/02576)。
可以通过用蛋白酶(诸如木瓜蛋白酶)处理与CEACAM5特异性反应的抗体来获得抗CEACAM5抗体的Fab。此外,可以通过以下方式产生抗CEACAM5抗体的Fab:将编码抗CEACAM5抗体的Fab的两条链的DNA序列插入用于原核生物表达或用于真核生物表达的载体,并且将载体引入原核生物或真核生物细胞(视情况而定)中以表达抗CEACAM5抗体的Fab。
可以用蛋白酶(诸如胃蛋白酶)处理与CEACAM5特异性反应的抗体来获得抗CEACAM5抗体的F(ab’)2。另外,可以通过硫醚键或二硫键结合以下所述的Fab’产生抗CEACAM5抗体的F(ab’)2。
可以用还原剂(诸如二硫苏糖醇)处理与CEACAM5特异性反应的F(ab’)2来获得抗CEACAM5抗体的Fab’。此外,可以通过以下方式产生抗CEACAM5抗体的Fab’:将编码抗体的Fab’链的DNA序列插入用于原核生物表达的载体或用于真核生物表达的载体,并且将载体引入原核生物或真核生物细胞(视情况而定)中以执行其表达。
可以通过以下方式产生抗CEACAM5抗体的scFv:取得如先前所述的CDR或VH和VL结构域的序列,构建编码scFv片段的DNA,将DNA插入原核生物或真核生物表达载体中,并且然后将表达载体引入原核生物或真核生物细胞(视情况而定)中以表达scFv。为了产生人源化scFv片段,可以使用称为CDR移植的熟知的技术,所述技术涉及选择根据本发明的互补决定区(CDR),并且将它们移植到已知三维结构的人scFv片段框架上(参见例如,W0 98/45322;WO 87/02671;US 5,859,205;US 5,585,089;US 4,816,567;EP 0173494)。
细胞生长抑制剂
用于根据本发明的用途的免疫缀合物典型地包含至少一种细胞生长抑制剂。如本文所用的细胞生长抑制剂是指杀死细胞(包括癌细胞)的药剂。此类药剂有利地停止癌细胞分裂和生长,并且导致肿瘤的大小缩小。术语细胞生长抑制剂在本文中与术语化疗剂、细胞毒性剂或细胞生长抑制剂可互换使用。
在一个其他实施方案中,所述细胞生长抑制剂选自放射性同位素、蛋白质毒素、小分子毒素及其组合。
放射性同位素包括适用于治疗癌症的放射性同位素。此类放射性同位素通常主要发射β-辐射。在一个其他实施方案中,所述放射性同位素选自At211、Bi212、Er169、I131、I125、Y90、In111、P32、Re186、Re188、Sm153、Sr89、Lu的放射性同位素及其组合。在一个实施方案中,所述放射性同位素是发射α-辐射的α-发射体同位素,更具体地Th227。
在一个其他实施方案中,所述小分子毒素选自抗代谢物、DNA烷化剂、DNA交联剂、DNA嵌入剂、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂及其组合。
在一个其他实施方案中,所述抗微管剂选自紫杉烷、长春花生物碱、美登素生物碱、秋水仙碱、鬼臼毒素、灰黄霉素及其组合。
在一个其他实施方案中,美登素生物碱选自美登醇、美登醇类似物及其组合。
合适的美登醇类似物的例子包括具有经修饰的芳族环的那些以及在其他位置具有修改的那些。此类合适的美登素生物碱公开在美国专利号4,424,219;4,256,746;4,294,757;4,307,016;4,313,946;4,315,929;4,331,598;4,361,650;4,362,663;4,364,866;4,450,254;4,322,348;4,371,533;6,333,410;5,475,092;5,585,499;和5,846,545中。
具有经修饰的芳族环的合适的美登醇类似物的具体例子包括:
(1)C-19-去氯(美国专利号4,256,746)(通过安丝菌素P2的LAH还原来制备);
(2)C-20-羟基(或C-20-去甲基)+/-C-19-去氯(美国专利号4,361,650和4,307,016)(通过使用链霉菌(Streptomyces)或放线菌(Actinomyces)去甲基或使用LAH去氯来制备);以及
(3)C-20-去甲氧基、C-20-酰氧基(-OCOR)、+/-去氯(美国专利号4,294,757)(通过使用酰氯进行酰化来制备)。
具有其他位置的修饰的合适的美登醇类似物的具体例子包括:
(1)C-9-SH(美国专利号4,424,219)(通过使美登醇与H2S或P2S5反应来制备);
(2)C-14-烷氧基甲基(去甲氧基/CH2OR)(美国专利号4,331,598);
(3)C-14-羟甲基或酰氧基甲基(CH2OH或CH2OAc)(美国专利号4,450,254)(由Nocardia制备);
(4)C-15-羟基/酰氧基(美国专利号4,364,866)(通过由链霉菌将美登醇转化来制备);
(5)C-15-甲氧基(美国专利号4,313,946和4,315,929)(从滑桃(Trewianudiflora)中分离的);
(6)C-18-N-去甲基(美国专利号4,362,663和4,322,348)(通过由链霉菌将美登醇去甲基来制备);以及
(7)4,5-去氧基(美国专利号4,371,533)(通过美登醇的三氯化钛/LAH还原来制备)。
在一个其他实施方案中,本发明的细胞毒性缀合物使用含硫醇的美登素生物碱(DM1),正式称为N2’-脱乙酰基-N2’-(3-巯基-1-氧代丙基)-美登素,作为细胞毒性剂。DM1通过以下结构式(I)表示:
在一个其他实施方案中,本发明的细胞毒性缀合物使用含硫醇的美登素生物碱DM4,正式称为N2’-脱乙酰基-N-2’(4-甲基-4-巯基-1-氧代戊基)-美登素,作为细胞毒性剂。DM4通过以下结构式(II)表示:
在本发明的进一步实施方案中,可以使用其他美登素,包括在带有硫原子的碳原子上带有单或二烷基取代的含硫醇和二硫化物的美登素生物碱。它们包括在C-3、C-14羟甲基、C-15羟基、或C-20去甲基处具有酰化氨基酸侧链的美登素生物碱,所述酰化氨基酸侧链带有受阻硫氢基的酰基,其中带有硫醇官能团的酰基碳原子具有一个或两个取代基,所述取代基是CH3、C2H5、具有从1至10种试剂的直链或支链烷基或烯基以及可存在于溶液中的任何聚集体。
因此,在一个其他实施方案中,所述美登素生物碱选自(N2’-脱乙酰基-N2’-(3-巯基-1-氧代丙基)-美登素)DM1或N2’-脱乙酰基-N-2’(4-甲基-4-巯基-1-氧代戊基)-美登素(DM4)及其组合。
在一个其他实施方案中,在免疫缀合物中,所述抗CEACAM5抗体经由可切割或不可切割的接头与所述至少一种细胞生长抑制剂共价附接。
在一个其他实施方案中,所述接头选自吡啶基二硫代丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDB)、4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)-2-磺基-丁酸(磺基-SPDB)、和(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC)。
在一个其他实施方案中,所述接头与抗CEACAM5抗体的Fc区中的赖氨酸残基结合。在一个其他实施方案中,所述接头与美登素形成二硫键或硫醚键。
特别地,抗CEACAM5-免疫缀合物可以选自:
i)式(III)的抗CEACAM5-SPDB-DM4-免疫缀合物
ii)式(IV)的抗CEACAM5-磺基-SPDB-DM4-免疫缀合物
以及
iii)式(V)的抗CEACAM5-SMCC-DM1-免疫缀合物
在一个其他实施方案中,本发明的免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体(huMAb2-3),所述抗体包含SEQ ID NO:8的重链(VH)和SEQ ID NO:9的轻链(VL),其中huMAb2-3经由吡啶基二硫代丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDB)与N2’-脱乙酰基-N-2’(4-甲基-4-巯基-1-氧代戊基)-美登素(DM4)共价连接。从而,获得免疫缀合物huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4。
如本文所用的“接头”意指包含共价键或原子链的化学部分,所述化学部分将多肽共价附接至药物部分。
所述缀合物可以通过体外方法来制备。为了将药物或前药与抗体连接,使用连接基团。合适的连接基团是本领域熟知的,并且包括二硫化物基团、硫醚基团、酸不稳定基团、光不稳定基团、肽酶不稳定基团和酯酶不稳定基团。本发明的抗体与细胞毒性剂或生长抑制剂的缀合可以使用多种双官能蛋白质偶联剂来进行,所述双官能蛋白质偶联剂包括但不限于吡啶基二硫代丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDB)、丁酸4-[(5-硝基-2-吡啶基)二硫基]-2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基酯(硝基-SPDB)、4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)-2-磺基-丁酸(磺基-SPDB)、(2-吡啶基二硫代)丙酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDP)、(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC)、亚氨基硫杂环戊烷(IT)、酰亚胺基酯的双官能衍生物(诸如二甲基二亚胺代己二酸酯HCL)、活性酯(诸如辛二酸二琥珀酰亚胺酯)、醛(诸如戊二醛)、双叠氮基化合物(诸如双(对叠氮基苯甲酰基)-乙二胺)、双重氮鎓衍生物(诸如双-(对二重氮鎓苯甲酰基)-乙二胺)、二异氰酸酯(诸如甲苯2,6-二异氰酸酯)、和双活性氟化合物(诸如1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯)。例如,可以如Vitetta等人(1987)中所述制备蓖麻毒蛋白免疫毒素。碳标记的1-异硫氰酸基苄基甲基二亚乙基三胺五乙酸(MX-DTPA)是用于将放射性核苷酸与抗体缀合的示例性螯合剂(WO 94/11026)。
接头可以是“可切割接头”,其促进细胞中细胞毒性剂或生长抑制剂的释放。例如,可以使用酸不稳定接头、肽酶敏感性接头、酯酶不稳定接头、光不稳定接头或含二硫化物的接头(参见例如,美国专利号5,208,020)。接头也可以是“不可切割的接头”(例如,SMCC接头),其在一些情况下可能导致更好的耐受性。
通常,缀合物可以通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:
(i)使任选缓冲的细胞结合剂(例如,根据本发明的抗体)水溶液与接头和细胞毒性化合物的溶液接触;
(ii)然后任选地分离在(i)中由未反应的细胞结合剂形成的缀合物。
可以用缓冲液诸如例如磷酸钾、乙酸钾、柠檬酸钾或N-2-羟乙基哌嗪-N’-2-乙磺酸(Hepes缓冲液)来缓冲细胞结合剂的水溶液。缓冲液取决于细胞结合剂的性质。细胞毒性化合物呈在有机极性溶剂中的溶液,所述机极性溶剂例如二甲基亚砜(DMSO)或二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)。
反应温度通常包括在20℃与40℃之间。反应时间可以从1至24小时变化。细胞结合剂与细胞毒性剂之间的反应可以通过尺寸排阻色谱法(SEC)与折射和/或UV检测器来监测。如果缀合物产率太低,则可以延长反应时间。
本领域技术人员可以使用多种不同的色谱方法来进行步骤(ii)的分离:可以例如通过SEC、吸附色谱法(诸如离子交换色谱法,IEC)、疏水相互作用色谱法(HIC)、亲和色谱法、混合支持色谱法(诸如羟基磷灰石色谱法)或高效液相色谱法(HPLC)将缀合物纯化。也可以使用通过透析或渗滤进行的纯化。
如本文所用,术语“聚集体”意指可以在两种或更多种细胞结合剂之间形成的缔合物,所述结合剂经缀合修饰或未经修饰。聚集体可以在许多参数的影响下形成,所述参数诸如在溶液中细胞结合剂的高浓度、溶液的pH、高剪切力、键合二聚体的数量及其疏水特征、温度(参见Wang和Gosh,2008,J.Membrane Sci.,318:311-316,以及其中引用的参考文献);注意,这些参数中的一些的相对影响尚未明确确立。在蛋白质和抗体的情况下,本领域技术人员将参考Cromwell等人(2006,AAPS Jounal,8(3):E572-E579)。聚集体中的含量可以用技术人员熟知的技术来确定,所述技术诸如SEC(参见Walter等人,1993,Anal.Biochem.,212(2):469-480)。
在步骤(i)或(ii)之后,可以使含有缀合物的溶液经受色谱法、超滤和/或渗滤的附加步骤(iii)。
在这些步骤结束时在水溶液中回收缀合物。
在一个其他实施方案中,根据本发明的免疫缀合物的特征在于“药物与抗体的比率”(或“DAR”)的范围为从1至10、从2至5或从3至4。这通常是包含美登素生物碱分子的缀合物的情况。
此DAR值可以随与用于缀合的实验条件(如生长抑制剂/抗体的比率、反应时间、溶剂的性质和助溶剂(如果有的话)的性质)一起使用的抗体和药物(即,生长抑制剂)的性质而变化。因此,抗体与生长抑制剂之间的接触导致一种混合物,所述混合物包含药物与抗体的比率彼此不同的若干种缀合物;任选地裸抗体;任选地聚集体。因此,确定的DAR是平均值。
可以用于确定DAR的方法在于通过分光光度法测量基本上纯化的缀合物的溶液在λD与280nm处的吸光度比率。280nm是通常用于测量蛋白质浓度(诸如抗体浓度)的波长。选择波长λD以允许区分药物与抗体,即如技术人员容易知道的,λD是药物具有高吸光度时的波长,并且λD离280nm足够远以避免药物和抗体的吸收峰的基本重叠。在美登素生物碱分子的情况下,λD可以选择为252nm。DAR计算方法可以源自Antony S.Dimitrov(编辑),LLC,2009,Therapeutic Antibodies and Protocols,第525卷,445,Springer Science:
根据尺寸排阻色谱法(SEC)分析的单体峰(允许计算“DAR(SEC)”参数)或使用经典的分光光度计设备(允许计算“DAR(UV)”参数)测量缀合物在λD处的吸光度(AλD)和280nm处的吸光度(A280)。吸光度可以表示如下:
AλD=(cD xεDλD)+(cA xεAλD)
A280=(cD xεD280)+(cA xεA280)
其中:
·cD和cA分别是在溶液中药物和抗体的浓度
·εDλD和εD280分别是药物在λD和280nm处的摩尔消光系数
·εAλD和εA280分别是在λD和280nm处抗体的摩尔消光系数。
用两个未知项求解这两个方程得到以下方程:
cD=[(εA280 x AλD)-(εAλD x A280)]/[(εDλD xεA280)-(εAλD xεD280)]
cA=[A280-(cD xεD280)]/εA280
然后由药物浓度与抗体浓度的比率计算平均DAR:DAR=cD/cA。
FOLFOX
包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物与FOLFOX组合用于治疗癌症。
FOLFOX本身是被批准用于人类使用的已知化疗方案,其包括组合施用亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂,并且其典型地以最多12个两周的周期施用。FOLFOX组合了药物,每种药物具有不同的作用机制并且有利地具有协同作用,从而引起癌细胞的死亡。
5-氟-尿嘧啶(CAS登记号51-21-8)是抗代谢物,所述抗代谢物主要抑制胸苷酸合成酶并且因此阻断胸苷的合成。5-氟-尿嘧啶已用于治疗结肠癌、食道癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌、和子宫颈癌。
亚叶酸(也称为甲酰四氢叶酸(CAS登记号58-05-9))会稳定5-氟-尿嘧啶与胸苷酸合酶之间的复合物,增加5-氟-尿嘧啶的细胞毒性。在一个实施方案中,亚叶酸是L-亚叶酸(N-[4-[[[(6S)-2-氨基-5-甲酰基-3,4,5,6,7,8-六氢-4-氧代-6-蝶啶基]甲基]氨基]苯甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸)。在另一个实施方案中,亚叶酸是L-亚叶酸的钙盐。亚叶酸还可以包含两种或更多种立体异构体的混合物。
已知奥沙利铂(CAS编号61825-94-3)在DNA链中形成交联,从而阻止DNA复制和转录,并且已用于治疗结直肠癌。
组合治疗
根据本发明,包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物用于与亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)组合以用于治疗癌症。本发明还涉及亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX),其用于与包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物组合来治疗癌症。
本发明还涉及一种治疗有需要的受试者的癌症的方法,其包括向有需要的受试者施用包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物,并且施用另外的亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂。
本发明还涉及包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物,其用于治疗单独或同时接受FOLFOX的有需要的受试者的癌症,其中亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂可以单独地或同时施用。
在一个实施方案中,癌症是实体瘤。根据一个实施方案,癌症选自结直肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和食道癌。在一个其他实施方案中,癌症是结直肠癌。
根据一个实施方案,患者是患有恶性肿瘤的患者,特别是患有恶性实体瘤的患者,并且更特别地患有局部晚期或转移性实体恶性肿瘤的患者。
根据一个实施方案,将包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物和FOLFOX同时施用于有需要的受试者。
在一个其他实施方案中,包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物和FOLFOX被配制为(i)包含所述免疫缀合物和FOLFOX的单一药物组合物,或(ii)呈至少两种单独药物组合物的形式,其中,在单独或组合的配制品中,至少一种药物组合物包含所述包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物,并且一种或多种药物组合物包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂。在至少两种单独的药物组合物中配制免疫缀合物和FOLFOX的情况下,将所述至少两种单独的药物组合物同时施用于有需要的受试者。
根据另一个实施方案,将包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物和FOLFOX单独地或顺序地施用于有需要的受试者。
根据此实施方案,包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物和FOLFOX被配制呈至少两种单独药物组合物的形式,其中在单独或组合的配制品中,(i)至少一种药物组合物包含所述免疫缀合物,以及(ii)一种或多种药物组合物包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂。
在一个实施方案中,以从60至210mg/m2的剂量施用免疫缀合物。在另一个实施方案中,以从100至300mg/m2的剂量施用亚叶酸或以100至200m/m2的剂量施用L-亚叶酸。在另一个实施方案中,以从1000至2000mg/m2的剂量施用5-氟-尿嘧啶。在另一个实施方案中,以从50至200mg/m2的剂量施用奥沙利铂。
在另一个实施方案中,施用本发明的药物组合物或组合,其中以从60至210mg/m2的剂量施用抗CEACAM5抗体,以从200至600mg/m2的剂量施用亚叶酸或以100至200mg/m2的剂量施用L-亚叶酸,以从2000至4000mg/m2的剂量施用5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),并且以从50和约200mg/m2的剂量施用奥沙利铂。在此实施方案的一个方面,给药方案包括在2h至48h的时间段内施用所述剂量。在此实施方案的一个方面,给药频率从每周一次至每三周一次变化。在一个实施方案中,治疗持续时间为至少4或6个月。
在一个其他实施方案中,以8至16个周期施用包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物以及亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)。在一个实施方案中,所述周期选自1周的周期、2周的周期或3周的周期。在一个实施方案中,所述周期包括:
在所述周期中至少一次以从60至210mg/m2的剂量施用所述免疫缀合物;
在所述周期中至少一次以从100至300mg/m2的剂量施用亚叶酸或以100至200m/m2的剂量施用L-亚叶酸;
在所述周期中至少一次以从1000至2000mg/m2的剂量施用5-氟-尿嘧啶,以及
在所述周期中至少一次以从50至200mg/m2的剂量施用奥沙利铂。
在一个实施方案中,在所述周期的第1天以从60至210mg/m2的剂量施用免疫缀合物。在一个实施方案中,在所述周期的第1天和第2天以从100至300mg/m2的剂量施用亚叶酸或以100至200m/m2/天的剂量施用L-亚叶酸。在一个实施方案中,在所述周期的第1天和第2天以从1000至2000mg/m2的剂量施用5-氟-尿嘧啶。在一个实施方案中,在所述周期的第1天以从50至200mg/m2的剂量施用奥沙利铂。
单位“mg/m2”指示以mg化合物/m2施用的受试者体表计的量。本领域技术人员知道如何基于有待治疗的受试者的体表确定其所需的化合物量,而所述体表又可以基于高度和体重来计算。
本发明进一步涉及一种药物组合物,其包含免疫缀合物并且进一步包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂,所述免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体。
本发明进一步涉及一种试剂盒,其在单独或组合的配制品中包含(i)包含免疫缀合物的药物组合物,所述免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,以及(ii)包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂的一种或多种药物组合物。
本发明进一步涉及一种药物组合物,其包含免疫缀合物并且进一步包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂,以用于治疗癌症,所述免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体。
本发明进一步涉及一种试剂盒,其在单独或组合的配制品中包含(i)包含免疫缀合物的药物组合物,所述免疫缀合物包含抗CEACAM5抗体,以及(ii)包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂的一种或多种药物组合物,以用于治疗癌症。
“药学上”或“药学上可接受的”是指当施用于哺乳动物、尤其是人(视情况而定)时不产生不良反应、过敏反应或其他不利反应的分子实体和组合物。药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂是指任何类型的无毒固体、半固体或液体填充剂、稀释剂、包封材料或配制助剂。
如本文所用,“药学上可接受的载体”包括生理学相容的任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、包衣、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂等。合适的载体、稀释剂和/或赋形剂的例子包括以下中的一种或多种:水、氨基酸、盐水、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、缓冲磷酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、琥珀酸盐;氨基酸及衍生物,诸如组氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酰甘氨酸;无机盐NaCl、氯化钙;糖或多元醇,诸如右旋糖、甘油、乙醇、蔗糖、海藻糖、甘露醇;表面活性剂,诸如聚山梨酯80、聚山梨酯20、泊洛沙姆188;等等,以及它们的组合。在许多情况下,将优选在组合物中包括等渗剂,诸如糖、多元醇或氯化钠,并且配制品还可以含有抗氧化剂(诸如色胺)和稳定剂(诸如Tween 20)。
药物组合物的形式、施用途径、剂量和方案天然取决于有待治疗的病症;疾患的严重程度;患者的年龄、体重和性别等。
本发明的药物组合物可以配制用于外用、口服、肠胃外、鼻内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下或眼内施用等。
特别地,药物组合物含有载体,其对于能够注射的配制品是药学上可接受的。它们可以特别是等渗的、无菌的、盐水溶液(磷酸一钠或磷酸二钠、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化钙或氯化镁等或此类盐的混合物),或干燥的、尤其是冷冻干燥的组合物,其在根据情况添加无菌水或生理盐水后允许构成可注射溶液。
所述药物组合物可以通过药物组合装置来施用。
用于施用的剂量可以根据各种参数进行调整,并且特别是根据所使用的施用方式、相关病理、或可替代地,所希望的治疗持续时间进行调整。
为了制备药物组合物,可以将有效量的包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物以及亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂溶解或分散在药学上可接受的载体或水性介质中。
适用于注射用途的药物形式包括无菌水溶液或分散体;包含芝麻油、花生油或水性丙二醇的配制品;和用于临时制备无菌可注射溶液或分散体的无菌粉末。在所有情况下,所述形式必须是无菌的,并且可以用用于在不降解的情况下递送的适当装置或系统进行注射。其在制造和储存条件下必须稳定并且必须抵抗微生物(诸如细菌和真菌)的污染作用而保存。
可以在与表面活性剂适当混合的水中制备作为游离碱或药学上可接受的盐的活性化合物的溶液。也可以在甘油、液体聚乙二醇及其混合物中制备分散体。在通常的储存和使用条件下,这些制剂含有防腐剂以防止微生物的生长。
可以将包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物配制成呈中性或盐形式的组合物。药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐(与蛋白质的游离氨基形成),并且所述酸加成盐是与无机酸(诸如例如盐酸或磷酸)或有机酸(诸如乙酸、草酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸)等形成的。由游离羧基形成的盐也可以衍生自无机碱(诸如例如钠、钾、铵、钙或铁的氢氧化物)以及有机碱(诸如异丙胺、三甲胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、普鲁卡因等)。
载体也可以是溶剂或分散介质,所述溶剂或分散介质含有例如水、乙醇、多元醇(例如,甘油、丙二醇和液体聚乙二醇等)及其合适的混合物以及植物油。例如,通过使用包衣(诸如卵磷脂)、通过在分散体的情况下维持所需的粒度、以及通过使用表面活性剂,可以维持适当的流动性。防止微生物的作用可以通过各种抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸酯、氯丁醇、苯酚、山梨酸、硫柳汞等来实现。在许多情况下,将优选包含等渗剂,例如糖或氯化钠。可注射组合物的延长吸收可以通过在组合物中使用延迟吸收剂,例如单硬脂酸铝和明胶来实现。
无菌可注射溶液通过以下方式来制备:将所需量的活性化合物与上面列举的各种其他成分(根据需要)一起掺入适当的溶剂中来制备,随后过滤灭菌。通常,通过将各种灭菌的活性成分掺入无菌媒介物中来制备分散体,所述无菌媒介物含有碱性分散介质和来自以上列举的那些的所需其他成分。在用于制备无菌可注射溶液的无菌粉末的情况下,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术,所述真空干燥和冷冻干燥技术由先前无菌过滤的其溶液产生活性成分和任何另外的所希望的成分的粉末。
还考虑制备用于直接注射的更大或高度浓缩的溶液,其中设想使用DMSO作为溶剂导致极快的渗透,将高浓度的活性剂递送到小肿瘤区域。
在配制时,将以与剂量配制品相容的方式并且以治疗有效的量施用溶液。配制品易于以多种剂型施用,诸如上述可注射溶液的类型,但也可以使用药物释放胶囊等。
对于以水溶液进行的肠胃外施用,例如,如果需要,应将溶液适当缓冲,并且将液体稀释液首先用足够的盐水或葡萄糖等渗。这些特定的水溶液尤其适用于静脉内、肌肉内、皮下和腹膜内施用。在这点上,鉴于本公开文本,可以使用的无菌水性介质对于本领域技术人员而言将是已知的。例如,可以将一个剂量溶解在1ml等渗NaCl溶液中,并且添加到1000ml皮下灌注流体中或注射到建议的输液部位(参见例如“Remington’sPharmaceutical Sciences”第15版,第1035-1038和1570-1580页)。根据所治疗的受试者的状况,将必然出现剂量的一些变化。负责施用的人将在任何情况下确定个体受试者的适当剂量。
包含抗CEACAM5抗体的免疫缀合物被配制用于肠胃外施用,诸如静脉内或肌肉内注射,其他药学上可接受的形式包括例如,用于口服施用的片剂或其他固体;定时释放胶囊;以及当前使用的任何其他形式。
在某些实施方案中,考虑使用脂质体和/或纳米颗粒将多肽引入宿主细胞中。脂质体和/或纳米颗粒的形成和使用是本领域技术人员已知的。
纳米胶囊通常可以以稳定且可再现的方式捕获化合物。为避免由于胞内聚合物过载引起的副作用,通常使用能够在体内降解的聚合物来设计此类超细颗粒(大小约0.1μm)。考虑将满足这些要求的可生物降解的聚氰基丙烯酸烷基酯纳米颗粒或可生物降解的聚丙交酯或聚丙交酯共乙交酯纳米颗粒用于本发明,并且此类颗粒可以容易地制造。
脂质体由分散在水性介质中并且自发形成多层同心双层囊泡(也称为多层囊泡(MLV))的磷脂形成。MLV通常具有从25nm至4μm的直径。MLV的超声处理导致形成直径在200至范围内的小单层囊泡(SUV),核心中含有水溶液。脂质体的物理特征取决于pH、离子强度和二价阳离子的存在。
序列说明
SEQ ID NO:1-5示出了抗CEACAM5抗体(huMAb2-3)的序列CDR1-H、CDR2-H、CDR3-H、CDR1-L和CDR3-L。
SEQ ID NO:6示出了抗CEACAM5抗体(huMAb2-3)的重链(VH)可变结构域的序列。
SEQ ID NO:7示出了抗CEACAM5抗体(huMAb2-3)的轻链(VL)可变结构域的序列。
SEQ ID NO:8示出了抗CEACAM5抗体(huMAb2-3)的重链序列。
SEQ ID NO:9示出了抗CEACAM5抗体(huMAb2-3)的轻链序列。
附图说明
图1:作为单一药剂或呈组合的免疫缀合物huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案在SCID小鼠中对抗皮下结肠患者来源的异种移植物(PDX)CR-IGR-0007P PDX的活性。处理组的肿瘤体积演变。曲线代表每组每天的中值+或-MAD(中值绝对偏差)。
图2:作为单一药剂或呈组合的免疫缀合物huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案在SCID小鼠中对抗皮下结肠患者来源的异种移植物CR-IGR-0011C PDX的活性。处理组的肿瘤体积演变。曲线代表每组每天的中值+或-MAD。
实施例
实施例1:与FOLFOX组合的免疫缀合物huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4在SCID小鼠中对抗两种皮下结肠患者来源的异种移植物CR-IGR-0007P PDX和CR-IGR-0011C PDX的活性。
实验程序
在皮下植入雌性SCID小鼠中的两种皮下结肠患者来源的异种移植物(PDX)(CR-IGR-0007P PDX和CR-IGR-0011C PDX)中评价作为单一药剂或呈组合的huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案的活性。对照组不作处理。所用化合物的剂量以mg/kg给出。
对于CR-IGR-0007P PDX,在肿瘤植入后第26天,当中值肿瘤负荷达到166.0mm3时开始处理。在3个每周的静脉施用周期后在第26、33和40天以5mg/kg施用huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4。FOLFOX方案在3个每周的周期后施用,并且由以下组成:在第26、33和40天静脉施用30mg/kg的亚叶酸和5mg/kg的奥沙利铂,并且在第27、34和41天静脉施用28mg/kg的5-FU。
对于CR-IGR-0011C PDX,在肿瘤植入后第19天,当中值肿瘤负荷达到123.5mm3时开始处理。在3个每周的静脉施用周期后在第19、26和33天以5mg/kg施用huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4。FOLFOX方案在3个每周的周期后施用,并且由以下组成:在第19、26和33天静脉施用30mg/kg的亚叶酸和5mg/kg的奥沙利铂,并且在第20、27和34天静脉施用28mg/kg的5-FU。
对于抗肿瘤活性的评价,每天将动物称重,并且每周2次用卡尺测量肿瘤。产生20%的在最低点的体重减轻(组的平均值)或10%或更多药物死亡的剂量被认为是过度毒性剂量。动物体重包括肿瘤重量。使用公式质量(mm3)=[长度(mm)×宽度(mm)×宽度(mm)]/2计算肿瘤体积。主要功效终点是ΔT/ΔC、百分比中值消退、部分和完全消退(PR和CR)。
通过从指定观察日的肿瘤体积中减去第一处理日(分期日)的肿瘤体积,对于每个肿瘤计算每个处理(T)和对照(C)的肿瘤体积变化。计算处理组的中值ΔT,并且计算对照组的中值ΔC。然后计算比率ΔT/Δc,并且表示为百分比:ΔT/ΔC=(ΔT/ΔC)x 100。
当ΔT/ΔC低于40%时,剂量被认为是治疗活性的,并且当ΔT/ΔC低于10%时,剂量被认为是非常活性的。如果ΔT/ΔC低于0,则剂量被认为是高度活性的,并且消退的百分比是有日期的(Plowman J,Dykes DJ,Hollingshead M,Simpson-Herren L and AlleyMC.Human tumor xenograft models in NCI drug development.In:Feibig HH BA编辑Basel:Karger.;1999第101-125页):
肿瘤消退%被定义为与第一处理的第一天的肿瘤体积相比,在指定观察日在处理组中的肿瘤体积降低%。
在特定时间点并且对于每只动物,计算消退%。然后针对所述组计算中值消退%:
部分消退(PR):如果在处理开始时肿瘤体积降低至肿瘤体积的50%,则将消退定义为是部分的。
完全消退(CR):当肿瘤体积=0mm3时,实现完全消退(当无法记录肿瘤体积时,被认为是CR)。
结果
CR-IGR-0007P PDX的结果呈现在图1和表1(下文)中。
在D54发现对照组的一只小鼠死亡;CR-IGR-0007P是侵袭性肿瘤并且可以是恶病质的。huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4以低于最大耐受剂量(MTD)的剂量施用,并且处理被良好耐受并且没有诱导毒性。以在未带有肿瘤的小鼠中确定的其各自MTD施用FOLFOX方案。在带有CR-IGR-0007P肿瘤的这些小鼠中,细胞毒性处理被耐受,单独地或组合有在8.1%至10.8%之间的体重减轻。
单一的huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4是无活性的,其中在D49的ΔT/ΔC等于76%。作为单一药剂的FOLFOX方案是活性的,其中ΔT/ΔC等于15%(p<0.0001)。
huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案的组合是高度活性的,具有次于0%的ΔT/ΔC(p<0.0001)、9%的肿瘤消退和1个PR(部分消退)。huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4与FOLFOX的组合的作用从第36天至第57天显著不同于单独的huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4的作用并且从第44天至第57天显著不同于单独的FOLFOX的作用。
总之,在CR-IGR-0007P PDX中,在以5mg/kg进行3个每周的静脉施用后huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4作为单一药剂是无活性的,然而FOLFOX方案是活性的并且处理被良好耐受。huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案的组合比单一药剂有更大活性。
表1-单独的或呈组合的huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案在SCID小鼠中对抗皮下结肠患者来源的异种移植物CR-IGR-0007P的活性
CR-IGR-0011C PDX的结果呈现在图2和表2(下文)中。
对照组小鼠展现出负体重变化(第32天的最低点为-6.7%);CR-IGR-0011C是侵袭性肿瘤并且可以是恶病质的。huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4以低于最大耐受剂量(MTD)的剂量施用,并且处理被良好耐受并且没有诱导毒性。
以在未带有肿瘤的小鼠中确定的其MTD施用FOLFOX方案。在带有诱导体重减轻的CR-IGR-0011C肿瘤的这些小鼠中,细胞毒性处理单独或组合地诱导累加的体重减轻,并且对于每组在D24添加用于实验啮齿动物的高卡路里饮食补充剂。
单独的或呈组合的FOLFOX方案诱导在5.6%至9.8%之间的体重减轻,除了用FOLFOX和huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4的组合处理的组,在所述组中单个小鼠渐进地损失体重直到达到多于20%的体重减轻并且在D24死亡。这种死亡是由于肿瘤侵袭性和处理影响的增加,并且考虑到整个组,所述组合没有观察到累积毒性。
作为单一药剂的huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4是高度活性的,具有在D35次于0%的ΔT/ΔC(p<0.0001)、29%的肿瘤消退和2个PR。
作为单一药剂的FOLFOX方案是无活性的,其中ΔT/ΔC等于71%(NS)。
huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案的组合是高度活性的,具有次于0%的ΔT/ΔC(p<0.0001)、76%的肿瘤消退、5个PR和1个CR(完全消退)。huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4与FOLFOX的组合的作用从第22天至第35天显著不同于单独的huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4的作用并且从第22天至第35天显著不同于单独的FOLFOX的作用。
总之,在CR-IGR-0001C PDX中,在以5mg/kg的3个每周的静脉施用后huMAb2-3-SPDB-DM4作为单一药剂是高度活性的。FOLFOX作为单一药剂是无活性的。HUMAB2-3-SPDB-DM4与FOLFOX的组合比对应的单一药剂有显著更大活性。
表2-单独的或呈组合的HUMAB2-3-SPDB-DM4和FOLFOX方案在SCID小鼠中对抗皮下结肠患者来源的异种移植物CR-IGR-0011C的活性
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Claims (22)
1.一种免疫缀合物,其包含与亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)组合的抗CEACAM5抗体以用于治疗癌症。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:1组成的CDR-H1、由SEQ ID NO:2组成的CDR-H2、由SEQ ID NO:3组成的CDR-H3、由SEQ ID NO:4组成的CDR-L1、由氨基酸序列NTR组成的CDR-L2、和由SEQ ID NO:5组成的CDR-L3。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:6组成的重链(VH)可变结构域和由SEQ ID NO:7组成的轻链(VL)可变结构域。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:8组成的重链(VH)和由SEQ ID NO:9组成的轻链(VL)。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述免疫缀合物包括至少一种细胞生长抑制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述细胞生长抑制剂选自放射性同位素、蛋白质毒素、小分子毒素及其组合。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述小分子毒素选自抗代谢物、DNA烷化剂、DNA交联剂、DNA嵌入剂、抗微管剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂及其组合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述抗微管剂选自紫杉烷、长春花生物碱、美登素生物碱、秋水仙碱、鬼臼毒素、灰黄霉素及其组合。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述美登素生物碱选自N2’-脱乙酰基-N2’-(3-巯基-1-氧代丙基)-美登素(DM1)或N2’-脱乙酰基-N-2’(4-甲基-4-巯基-1-氧代戊基)-美登素(DM4)及其组合。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述抗CEACAM5抗体经由可切割或不可切割的接头与所述至少一种细胞毒性剂共价附接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述接头选自吡啶基二硫代丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDB)、4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)-2-磺基-丁酸(磺基-SPDB)、和(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC)。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其包含CEACAM5-抗体(huMAb2-3),所述抗体包含由SEQ ID NO:8组成的重链(VH)和由SEQ ID NO:9组成的轻链(VL),并且所述抗体经由吡啶基二硫代丁酸N-琥珀酰亚胺酯(SPDB)与N2’-脱乙酰基-N-2’(4-甲基-4-巯基-1-氧代戊基)-美登素(DM4)共价连接。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述免疫缀合物的特征在于药物与抗体的比率(DAR)的范围为从1至10。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述癌症选自结直肠癌、胃癌、胰腺癌和食道癌。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述免疫缀合物和FOLFOX同时施用于有需要的受试者。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述免疫缀合物和FOLFOX被配制为(i)包含所述免疫缀合物和FOLFOX的单一药物组合物,或(ii)呈至少两种单独药物组合物的形式,其中在单独或组合的配制品中,至少一种药物组合物包含所述免疫缀合物,并且一种或多种药物组合物包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂。
17.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述免疫缀合物和FOLFOX单独地或顺序地施用于有需要的受试者。
18.根据权利要求17中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中所述免疫缀合物和FOLFOX被配制呈至少两种单独药物组合物的形式,其中在单独或组合的配制品中,(i)至少一种药物组合物包含所述免疫缀合物,以及(ii)一种或多种药物组合物包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的用于所述用途的免疫缀合物,其中包含抗CEACAM5抗体以及亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂(FOLFOX)的所述免疫缀合物以8至16个周期施用,其中一个周期包括:
在所述周期中至少一次以从60至210mg/m2的剂量施用所述免疫缀合物;
在所述周期中至少一次以从100至300mg/m2的剂量施用亚叶酸或以100至200m/m2的剂量施用L-亚叶酸;
在所述周期中至少一次以从1000至2000mg/m2的剂量施用5-氟-尿嘧啶,以及
在所述周期中至少一次以从50至200mg/m2的剂量施用奥沙利铂。
20.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的免疫缀合物以及亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂。
21.一种试剂盒,其在单独或组合的配制品中包含(i)根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的免疫缀合物的药物组合物,和(ii)包含亚叶酸、5-氟-尿嘧啶和奥沙利铂的一种或多种药物组合物。
22.根据权利要求20所述的药物组合物或根据权利要求21所述的试剂盒,其用于治疗癌症。
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PCT/EP2021/060537 WO2021214223A1 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2021-04-22 | Antitumor combinations containing anti-ceacam5 antibody conjugates and folfox |
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CN104918958A (zh) * | 2012-11-20 | 2015-09-16 | 赛诺菲 | 抗ceacam5抗体及其用途 |
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US20230151088A1 (en) | 2023-05-18 |
WO2021214223A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
IL297311A (en) | 2022-12-01 |
BR112022020497A2 (pt) | 2022-12-06 |
TW202206108A (zh) | 2022-02-16 |
CA3181005A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 |
AU2021260823A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
MX2022013405A (es) | 2022-11-14 |
EP4138926A1 (en) | 2023-03-01 |
JP2023522395A (ja) | 2023-05-30 |
KR20230005203A (ko) | 2023-01-09 |
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