CN115427003A - 作为赋形剂的包含经表面反应碳酸钙的粒料 - Google Patents
作为赋形剂的包含经表面反应碳酸钙的粒料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115427003A CN115427003A CN202180028585.6A CN202180028585A CN115427003A CN 115427003 A CN115427003 A CN 115427003A CN 202180028585 A CN202180028585 A CN 202180028585A CN 115427003 A CN115427003 A CN 115427003A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- calcium carbonate
- weight
- acid
- pellets
- use according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 255
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000021436 nutraceutical agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 76
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 68
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- -1 chalk Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 45
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000007884 disintegrant Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000010979 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920003088 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001866 hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002785 Croscarmellose sodium Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960001681 croscarmellose sodium Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000010947 crosslinked sodium carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007907 direct compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trimethoxy-6-(methoxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-4,5,6-trimethoxy-2-(methoxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxane Chemical compound CO[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](COC)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](OC)[C@H](OC)O[C@@H]2COC)OC)O[C@@H]1COC LNAZSHAWQACDHT-XIYTZBAFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000569 Gum karaya Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001202 Inulin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000934878 Sterculia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000736873 Tetraclinis articulata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001615 Tragacanth Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000420 anogeissus latifolia wall. gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000305 astragalus gummifer gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010516 ayurvedic herbal oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009459 flexible packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019314 gum ghatti Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940029339 inulin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N inulin Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)OC[C@]1(OC[C@]2(OC[C@]3(OC[C@]4(OC[C@]5(OC[C@]6(OC[C@]7(OC[C@]8(OC[C@]9(OC[C@]%10(OC[C@]%11(OC[C@]%12(OC[C@]%13(OC[C@]%14(OC[C@]%15(OC[C@]%16(OC[C@]%17(OC[C@]%18(OC[C@]%19(OC[C@]%20(OC[C@]%21(OC[C@]%22(OC[C@]%23(OC[C@]%24(OC[C@]%25(OC[C@]%26(OC[C@]%27(OC[C@]%28(OC[C@]%29(OC[C@]%30(OC[C@]%31(OC[C@]%32(OC[C@]%33(OC[C@]%34(OC[C@]%35(OC[C@]%36(O[C@@H]%37[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%37)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%36)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%35)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%34)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%33)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%32)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%31)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%30)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%29)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%28)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%27)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%26)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%25)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%24)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%23)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%22)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%21)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%20)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%19)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%18)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%17)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%16)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%15)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%14)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%13)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%12)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%11)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O%10)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O9)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O8)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O7)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O6)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O5)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O4)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)O)[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 JYJIGFIDKWBXDU-MNNPPOADSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Substances [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含经表面反应碳酸钙以及一种或多种粘结剂的粒料作为赋形剂在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中的用途,其中该粒料具有:i)根据机械筛分测量的150‑700μm的重量粒子尺寸d90,ii)根据机械筛分测量的45‑300μm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50,iii)根据机械筛分测量的18‑100μm的重量粒子尺寸d10,以及iv)通过BET氮气法测量的≥15.0m2/g的比表面积。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含经表面反应碳酸钙以及一种或多种粘结剂的粒料(granules)作为赋形剂在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中的用途,其中该粒料具有:i)根据机械筛分测量的150-700μm的重量粒子尺寸d90,ii)根据机械筛分测量的45-300μm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50,iii)根据机械筛分测量的18-100μm的重量粒子尺寸d10,以及iv)通过BET氮气法测量的≥15.0m2/g的比表面积。
背景技术
经表面反应碳酸钙粉末由于其高孔隙率及装载/混合活性/非活性剂的能力而可在各种应用中用作载体。因此,经表面反应碳酸钙作为赋形剂在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品的剂型的生产中变得越发重要。特别地,已开发出用于生产剂型的方法,该剂型呈包含经表面反应碳酸钙的压实材料的形式。
例如,WO2016150773 A1涉及用于生产可分散剂型的方法,包括以下步骤:a)提供官能化的含碳酸钙材料,其是天然研磨或沉淀碳酸钙与二氧化碳和一种或多种酸在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过酸处理原位形成和/或从外部来源供应;b)提供至少一种崩解剂;c)任选地,提供至少一种其他配制助剂;d)使步骤a)的官能化的含碳酸钙材料、步骤b)的该至少一种崩解剂和步骤c)的该任选的至少一种其他配制助剂混合;以及e)借助辊式压实机(roller compactor)在2-20巴范围内的压实压力下将步骤d)中获得的混合物压实成带;以及f)将步骤e)的带磨碎成粒料,g)通过至少一种筛目尺寸筛分步骤f)的粒料。
WO2016096997 A1涉及用于生产药物递送系统的方法,包括以下步骤:a)提供经表面反应碳酸钙,其是天然研磨或沉淀碳酸钙与二氧化碳和一种或多种酸在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过酸处理原位形成和/或从外部来源供应;b)提供至少一种药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体;c)提供至少一种配制助剂;d)使步骤a)的经表面反应碳酸钙、步骤b)的该至少一种药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体和步骤c)的该至少一种配制助剂混合;以及e)借助辊式压实机在4-20巴范围内的压实压力下压实步骤d)中获得的混合物;以及f)压实在步骤e)中获得的辊式压实的混合物以获得药物递送系统。
然而,用于制备固体剂型的最流行的方法为直接压缩,这是因为其提供了生产这种剂型最有效且最不复杂的方式的缘故。然而,由于经表面反应碳酸钙粉末的流动性差,因此这种粉末不适合直接压缩及装载/混合。
因此,持续需要可用作药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中的赋形剂的材料。另外,由于其有利的装载及释放特性,因此希望提供包含经表面反应碳酸钙的赋形剂。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的为提供可用作药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中的赋形剂的材料。另一个目的也可见于提供包含经表面反应碳酸钙的赋形剂,这是因为其有利的装载及释放特性的缘故。
一种或多种前述及其他问题通过如在本文中的独立权利要求所定义的主题来解决。本发明有利的实施方案在相应从属权利要求中定义。
本发明因此涉及包含经表面反应碳酸钙以及一种或多种粘结剂的粒料作为赋形剂在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中的用途,其中该粒料具有:i)根据机械筛分测量的150-700μm的重量粒子尺寸d90,ii)根据机械筛分测量的45-300μm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50,iii)根据机械筛分测量的18-100μm的重量粒子尺寸d10,以及iv)通过BET氮气法测量的≥15.0m2/g的比表面积。
根据一种实施方案,该经表面反应碳酸钙为天然研磨或沉淀碳酸钙与二氧化碳及一种或多种H3O+离子供体在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过H3O+离子供体处理原位形成和/或从外部来源供应。
根据另一种实施方案,该天然研磨碳酸钙选自含碳酸钙的矿物,该矿物选自大理石、白垩、石灰石及其混合物;并且该沉淀碳酸钙选自具有文石、球霰石或方解石型矿物学晶型的沉淀碳酸钙或其混合物。
根据又另一种实施方案,该经表面反应碳酸钙具有i)根据ISO9277:2010使用氮气和BET方法测量的20m2/g-450m2/g、优选20m2/g-250m2/g、更优选30m2/g-160m2/g、最优选40m2/g-150m2/g、进一步更优选40m2/g-140m2/g的BET比表面积;和/或ii)1μm-50μm、优选1-45μm、更优选2-30μm的体积中值粒径d50;和/或iii)由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-1.35cm3/g、优选0.30-1.30cm3/g、更优选0.30-1.25cm3/g并且最优选0.30-0.90cm3/g范围内的粒子内侵入式比孔容。
根据一种实施方案,该一种或多种粘结剂选自合成聚合物如甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、乙基羟乙基纤维素(EHEC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯;以及天然粘结剂如植物胶,例如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、桧树胶、茄替胶、刺梧桐胶、刺槐豆胶、巴西棕榈蜡及瓜尔胶;蛋白质如明胶、酪蛋白、胶原蛋白;糖(saccharides)及多糖如淀粉及其衍生物即预糊化淀粉、麦芽糊精、菊粉、纤维素、果胶、角叉菜胶及糖(sugars);动物渗出物如虫胶;蜂蜡、藻酸及其混合物。
根据另一种实施方案,该粒料包含一种或多种粘结剂,该一种或多种粘结剂的量基于该粒料的总干重计为0.25-35%重量,优选0.5-15%重量,更优选0.5-10%重量,甚至更优选1.0-10%重量,最优选1.5-10%重量。
根据又另一种实施方案,该粒料包含以下物质和/或与以下物质混合:至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,和/或一种或多种润滑剂和/或一种或多种崩解剂,其中该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体优选选自日用化妆香精(fragrances),食用香精(flavours),草本提取物和油,水果提取物和油,营养剂,痕量矿物,防护剂,食品,化妆品,阻燃剂,酶,大分子,杀虫剂,肥料,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,反应性化学品,合成来源、半合成来源、天然来源的药物和/或营养品和/或兽医活性剂或者其药物和/或营养品和/或兽医非活性前体,及其混合物。
根据一种实施方案,该粒料包含至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体的量基于该粒料的总干重计为0.5-80%重量,优选10.0-70%重量,且最优选20-60%重量。
根据另一种实施方案,该粒料在搅拌设备中在搅拌下获得,该搅拌设备优选为选自以下的搅拌设备:Eirich混合机、流化床干燥机/造粒机、板式造粒机、台式造粒机、鼓式造粒机、盘式造粒机、碟式造粒机、犁铧式混合机(ploughshare mixer)、立式或卧式混合机、高或低剪切混合机、高速掺合机和快速混合造粒机。
根据又另一种实施方案,该粒料具有由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-2.75cm3/g、优选0.30-2.50cm3/g且最优选0.40-2.00cm3/g范围内的粒子内比孔容。
根据一种实施方案,该粒料在压缩处理中被压缩成迷你片剂或片剂。
根据另一种实施方案,该粒料在直接压缩处理中被压缩,优选使用1-40kN、更优选1.5-30kN且最优选1.5-25kN范围内的力。
根据又另一种实施方案,该粒料被填充到胶囊或柔韧包装如小袋(sachet)或流动包(flowpack)、自立袋(doypack)、直条包(stickpack)等中。
根据一种实施方案,该粒料提供改善的流动性和/或压实性。
根据另一种实施方案,如果硬度[N]与压缩力[kN]的比率(硬度/压缩力)为至少16,优选至少20,则实现该改善。
应理解,出于本发明的目的,以下术语具有以下含义。
术语“赋形剂”是指非活性材料/成分,其与活性成分一同被配制在通常用于药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品的组合物中。赋形剂被有意地添加到组合物中,以使活性成分能够以正确的形式施用于使用者且作为活性成分的载体。应理解,赋形剂并无药用性能。
在本申请的含义中,术语“经表面反应”将用于表示材料已经历过如下处理:该处理包括在水性环境中在用H3O+离子供体处理(例如通过使用水溶性游离酸和/或酸式盐)时所述材料的部分溶解,接着在不存在或存在其他结晶添加剂的情况下发生结晶处理。
在本发明的上下文中,“H3O+离子供体”是布朗斯台德酸和/或酸式盐,即含有酸式氢的盐。
如本文所用的术语“酸”是指在布朗斯台德-洛瑞酸定义的含义中的酸(例如H2SO4、HSO4 –)。
在本发明的含义中,“水不溶性”材料被定义为这样的材料:当其与去离子水混合且在20℃下在具有0.2μm孔尺寸的过滤器上过滤以回收液体滤液时,100g所述液体滤液在95-100℃下蒸发之后提供小于或等于0.1g的回收的固体材料。“水溶性”材料被定义为这样的材料:100g所述液体滤液在95-100℃下蒸发之后导致回收大于0.1g的回收的固体材料。
在本发明的含义中,“天然研磨碳酸钙”(GCC)是指从天然来源(例如石灰石、大理石或白垩)获得的碳酸钙,并且其通过湿式和/或干式处理如研磨、筛选和/或分级(例如借助于旋风器或分级器)进行加工。
在本发明的含义中,“沉淀碳酸钙”(PCC)是合成材料,通过在水性、半干或潮湿环境中在二氧化碳与石灰反应之后沉淀或者通过在水中沉淀钙和碳酸根离子源而获得。PCC可呈球霰石、方解石或文石晶型。
在本发明的含义中,BET比表面积被定义为粒子的表面积除以粒子的质量。如本文所用的比表面积通过使用BET等温线(ISO 9277:2010)的吸附来测量,并以m2/g规定。
“干燥的”材料通过干燥处理获得,根据该干燥处理,从待干燥的材料中去除至少一部分水,使得达到在200℃下所获得的“干燥的”材料的恒定重量。
在本发明的含义中,术语“压缩(compression)”是指在压力下获得的赋形剂的体积减小和硬度增加。
当术语“包括或包含(comprising)”在本说明书和权利要求书中使用时,其并不排除其他要素。出于本发明的目的,术语“由……组成(consisting of)”被认为是术语“包括或包含(comprising of)”的优选实施方案。如果在下文中定义一个组集(group)包括至少一定数目的实施方案,则这也被理解为公开了一个组集,其优选仅由这些实施方案组成。
在谈论单数名词时使用不定冠词或定冠词如“a”、“an”、或“the”的情况下,这包括了该名词的复数,除非一些情况下另外具体指出。
诸如“可获得(obtainable)”或“可定义(definable)”以及“获得(的)(obtained)”或“定义(的)(defined)”的术语可互换使用。这例如意味着,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则术语“获得(的)”并不意味着指示例如一种实施方案必须通过例如术语“获得(的)”之后的步骤序列来获得,虽然术语“获得(的)”或“定义(的)”总是包括此类限制性理解作为优选实施方案。
根据本发明,已发现包含经表面反应碳酸钙和一种或多种粘结剂的粒料可在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中用作赋形剂。
下面进一步详述本发明,特别是上述包含经表面反应碳酸钙和一种或多种粘结剂的粒料。
本发明的一个要求是:该经表面反应碳酸钙呈具有非常特定的粒子尺寸分布的粒料形式。
特别地,该粒料具有
i)根据机械筛分测量的150-700μm的重量粒子尺寸d90,
ii)根据机械筛分测量的45-300μm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50,和
iii)根据机械筛分测量的18-100μm的重量粒子尺寸d10。
例如,该粒料具有
i)根据机械筛分测量的150-600μm的重量粒子尺寸d90,
ii)根据机械筛分测量的50-200μm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50,和
iii)根据机械筛分测量的20-90μm的重量粒子尺寸d10。
另外还要求:该粒料具有特定的BET比表面积。特别地,通过BET氮气法测量,该粒料的比表面积为≥15.0m2/g。例如,通过BET氮气法测量,该粒料的比表面积为15-200.0m2/g。
额外地,该粒料具有由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-2.75cm3/g、优选0.30-2.50cm3/g且最优选0.40-2.00cm3/g范围内的粒子内比孔容。
该粒料包含经表面反应碳酸钙。
该经表面反应碳酸钙为天然研磨碳酸钙或沉淀碳酸钙与二氧化碳及一种或多种H3O+离子供体在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过H3O+离子供体处理原位形成和/或从外部来源供应。优选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙为天然研磨碳酸钙或沉淀碳酸钙与二氧化碳及一种或多种H3O+离子供体在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过H3O+离子供体处理原位形成。
在本发明的上下文中,H3O+离子供体为布朗斯台德酸和/或酸式盐。
在本发明的一种优选的实施方案中,该经表面反应碳酸钙通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:(a)提供天然或沉淀碳酸钙的悬浮液,(b)向步骤a)的该悬浮液中添加至少一种在20℃下具有0或更小的pKa值或者在20℃下具有0-2.5的pKa值的酸,以及(c)在步骤(b)之前、期间或之后用二氧化碳处理步骤(a)的该悬浮液。根据另一实施方案,该经表面反应碳酸钙通过包括以下步骤的方法获得:(A)提供天然或沉淀碳酸钙,(B)提供至少一种水溶性酸,(C)提供气态CO2,(D)使步骤(A)的所述天然或沉淀碳酸钙与步骤(B)的该至少一种酸以及步骤(C)的CO2接触,其特征在于:(i)步骤B)的该至少一种酸在20℃下具有大于2.5且小于或等于7的pKa,所述pKa与其第一可用氢的电离相关,且在此第一可用氢失去时形成能够形成水溶性钙盐的相应阴离子,且(ii)在使该至少一种酸与天然或沉淀碳酸钙接触之后,另外提供至少一种水溶性盐,其在含氢盐情形下在20℃下具有大于7的pKa(所述pKa与该第一可用氢的电离相关),且其盐阴离子能够形成水不溶性钙盐。
“天然研磨碳酸钙(GCC)”优选选自含碳酸钙的矿物,所述含碳酸钙的矿物选自大理石、白垩、石灰石及其混合物。天然碳酸钙可进一步包含天然存在的组分例如铝硅酸盐等。
通常,天然研磨碳酸钙的研磨可以是干或湿研磨步骤并且可例如在使得粉碎主要由使用辅助体冲击产生的条件下,用任何传统研磨装置进行,也即在以下的一种或多种中进行:球磨机、棒磨机、振动研磨机、轧碎机、离心冲击研磨机、立式珠磨机、磨碎机、销棒粉碎机、锤磨机、粉磨机、撕碎机、去块机、切割机(knife cutter)或本领域技术人员已知的其它此类设备。在含碳酸钙矿物材料包含湿研磨的含碳酸钙矿物材料的情况下,研磨步骤可在使得发生自体研磨的条件下和/或通过水平球磨和/或本领域技术人员已知的其它此类方法来进行。由此获得的经湿加工的研磨的含碳酸钙矿物材料可通过众所周知的方法,例如通过絮凝、过滤或强制蒸发(在干燥之前)来洗涤并脱水。后续干燥步骤(必要时)可在单一步骤(例如喷雾干燥)中进行,或者在至少两个步骤中进行。还常见地,这种矿物材料进行选矿步骤(例如浮选、漂白或磁性分离步骤)以去除杂质。
在本发明含义中的“沉淀碳酸钙”(PCC)为合成的物质,通常通过在水性环境中在二氧化碳与氢氧化钙反应之后沉淀或通过将钙离子和碳酸根离子(例如,CaCl2及Na2CO3)从溶液中沉淀出来而获得。生产PCC的其它可能方式为石灰纯碱法,或者Solvay法,其中PCC为氨生产的副产物。沉淀碳酸钙以三种初级晶形存在:方解石、文石和球霰石,且对于这些晶形中的每一晶形而言存在许多不同的多晶型物(晶体惯态)。方解石具有三角结构,该三角结构具有典型的晶体惯态如偏三角面体的(S-PCC)、斜方六面体的(R-PCC)、六角形棱柱的、轴面的、胶体的(C-PCC)、立方的及棱柱的(P-PCC)。文石为正斜方晶结构,该正斜方晶结构具有成对六角形棱晶的典型晶体惯态,以及细长棱柱的、弯曲叶片状的、陡锥状、凿尖晶体、分叉树及珊瑚或蠕虫状的形式的多种分类。球霰石属于六方晶系。所获得的PCC浆料可机械脱水和干燥。
根据本发明的一种实施方案,该沉淀碳酸钙为优选包含文石、球霰石或方解石矿物晶形或其混合物的沉淀碳酸钙。
沉淀碳酸钙可以在用二氧化碳和至少一种H3O+离子供体处理之前通过与用于研磨如上所述的天然碳酸钙的相同方式进行研磨。
根据本发明的一种实施方案,天然或沉淀碳酸钙为粒子的形式,所述粒子具有重量中值粒子尺寸d50为0.05-10.0μm,优选0.2-5.0μm,更优选0.4-3.0μm,最优选0.6-1.2μm,尤其是0.7μm。根据本发明的另一种实施方案,天然或沉淀碳酸钙为粒子的形式,所述粒子具有顶切粒子尺寸d98为0.15-55μm,优选1-40μm,更优选2-25μm,最优选3-15μm,尤其是4μm。
该天然和/或沉淀碳酸钙可以干燥使用或悬浮在水中。优选地,相应的浆料具有范围为1%重量-90%重量、更优选3%重量-60%重量、甚至更优选5%重量-40%重量并且最优选10%重量-25%重量的天然或沉淀碳酸钙的含量,基于浆料的重量计。
用于制备经表面反应碳酸钙的该一种或多种H3O+离子供体可为在制备条件下产生H3O+离子的任何强酸、中强酸或弱酸或其混合物。根据本发明,该至少一种H3O+离子供体也可以是在制备条件下产生H3O+离子的酸式盐。
根据一种实施方案,该至少一种H3O+离子供体为具有在20℃下为0或更小的pKa值的强酸。
根据另一种实施方案,该至少一种H3O+离子供体为具有在20℃下为0-2.5的pKa值的中强酸。如果在20℃下的pKa为0或更小,则该酸优选选自硫酸,盐酸或者其混合物。如果在20℃下的pKa为0-2.5,则该H3O+离子供体优选选自H2SO3,H3PO4,草酸,或其混合物。该至少一种H3O+离子供体也可以是酸式盐,例如HSO4 -或H2PO4 -,其为通过相应阳离子如Li+、Na+或K+至少部分中和的,或者HPO4 2-,其为通过相应阳离子如Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+或Ca2+至少部分中和的。该至少一种H3O+离子供体也可以是一种或多种酸和一种或多种酸式盐的混合物。
根据又另一种实施方案,该至少一种H3O+离子供体为弱酸,其具有在20℃下测量时为大于2.5且小于或等于7的pKa值(与第一可用氢的电离相关),并且具有能够形成水溶性钙盐的相应阴离子。之后,额外添加至少一种水溶性盐,其在含氢盐的情况下具有在20℃下测量时为大于7的pKa(与第一可用氢的电离相关)并且其盐阴离子能够形成水不溶性钙盐。根据一种优选实施方案,该弱酸具有在20℃下为2.5-5的pKa值,并且更优选地,该弱酸选自醋酸,甲酸,丙酸,以及其混合物。所述水溶性盐的示例性阳离子选自钾、钠、锂及其混合物。在一种更优选的实施方案中,所述阳离子为钠或钾。所述水溶性盐的示例性阴离子选自磷酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸单氢根、草酸根、硅酸根、其混合物及其水合物。在一种更优选的实施方案中,所述阴离子选自磷酸根、磷酸二氢根、磷酸单氢根、其混合物及其水合物。在一种最优选的实施方案中,所述阴离子选自磷酸二氢根、磷酸单氢根、其混合物及其水合物。可逐滴进行或在一个步骤中进行水溶性盐的添加。在逐滴添加的情况下,此添加优选在10分钟的时间周期内发生。更优选地在一个步骤中添加所述盐。
根据本发明的一种实施方案,该至少一种H3O+离子供体选自盐酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸、柠檬酸、草酸、醋酸、甲酸及其混合物。优选地,该至少一种H3O+离子供体选自盐酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸、草酸、H2PO4 -(其为通过相应阳离子如Li+、Na+或K+至少部分中和的),HPO4 2-(其为通过相应阳离子如Li+、Na+、K+、Mg2+或Ca2+至少部分中和的),及其混合物,更优选地,该至少一种酸选自盐酸、硫酸、亚硫酸、磷酸、草酸或其混合物,且最优选地,该至少一种H3O+离子供体为磷酸。
该一种或多种H3O+离子供体可作为浓缩溶液或更稀释的溶液被添加至该悬浮液中。优选地,该H3O+离子供体与该天然或沉淀碳酸钙的摩尔比为0.01至4,更优选0.02至2,甚至更优选0.05至1并且最优选0.1至0.58。
作为另外可选方案,也可在悬浮该天然或沉淀碳酸钙之前将该H3O+离子供体添加至水中。
在一种优选实施方案中,该经表面反应碳酸钙为天然研磨碳酸钙与二氧化碳及一种或多种H3O+离子供体在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过H3O+离子供体处理原位形成,且其中H3O+离子供体为磷酸。在一种更优选的实施方案中,该经表面反应碳酸钙为含碳酸钙矿物与二氧化碳及一种或多种H3O+离子供体在水性介质中的反应产物,该含碳酸钙矿物选自大理石、白垩、石灰石及其混合物,其中该二氧化碳通过H3O+离子供体处理原位形成,且其中H3O+离子供体为磷酸。
在下一个步骤中,利用二氧化碳处理天然或沉淀碳酸钙。如果诸如硫酸或盐酸的强酸被用于天然或沉淀碳酸钙的H3O+离子供体处理,则二氧化碳自动形成。另外可选地或者额外地,二氧化碳可由外部来源供应。
H3O+离子供体处理和利用二氧化碳的处理可同时进行,当使用强酸或中强酸时情况就是如此。也可首先进行H3O+离子供体处理,例如利用在20℃下具有0至2.5范围内的pKa的中强酸来进行,其中二氧化碳原位形成,并且因此,二氧化碳处理将自动地与H3O+离子供体处理同时进行,接着进行利用由外部来源供应的二氧化碳的额外处理。
在一种优选实施方案中,H3O+离子供体处理步骤和/或二氧化碳处理步骤重复至少一次,更优选多次。根据一种实施方案,在至少约5分钟、优选至少约10分钟、典型地约10至约20分钟、更优选约30分钟、甚至更优选约45分钟并且有时约1小时或更长的时间周期内添加该至少一种H3O+离子供体。
在H3O+离子供体处理及二氧化碳处理之后,在20℃下测量的水性悬浮液的pH值自然地达到大于6.0、优选大于6.5、更优选大于7.0、甚至更优选大于7.5的值,由此将表面反应的天然或沉淀碳酸钙制备为具有大于6.0、优选大于6.5、更优选大于7.0、甚至更优选大于7.5的pH值的水性悬浮液。
关于经表面反应的天然碳酸钙的制备的进一步细节被公开在以下文献中:WO0039222 A1,WO2004083316 A1,WO2005121257 A2,WO2009074492A1,EP2264108A1,EP2264109A1和US20040020410A1,这些参考文献的内容在此被包括在本申请中。
类似地,获得经表面反应的沉淀碳酸钙。正如可从WO2009074492 A1详细获取的,经表面反应的沉淀碳酸钙通过如下方式获得:使沉淀碳酸钙与H3O+离子并且与溶解于水性介质中且能够形成水不溶性钙盐的阴离子在水性介质中接触,以形成经表面反应的沉淀碳酸钙的浆料,其中所述经表面反应的沉淀碳酸钙包含在沉淀碳酸钙的至少一部分的表面上形成的所述阴离子的不溶性的至少部分结晶的钙盐。
所述溶解的钙离子对应于相对于沉淀碳酸钙被H3O+离子溶解而天然生成的溶解钙离子来说过量的溶解的钙离子,其中所述H3O+离子仅以该阴离子的抗衡离子的形式提供,也即经由添加酸或非钙酸式盐的形式的阴离子,并且不存在任何另外的钙离子或钙离子生成来源。
所述过量的溶解的钙离子优选通过添加可溶中性或酸式钙盐而提供,或通过添加原位产生可溶中性或酸式钙盐的酸或中性或酸式非钙盐而提供。
所述H3O+离子可通过添加酸或所述阴离子的酸式盐而提供,或通过添加同时用于提供所有或部分的所述过量的溶解的钙离子的酸或酸式盐而提供。
在制备经表面反应的天然或沉淀碳酸钙的一种优选实施方案中,使天然或沉淀碳酸钙在至少一种选自以下的化合物的存在下与酸和/或二氧化碳反应:硅酸盐、二氧化硅、氢氧化铝、碱土铝酸盐如铝酸钠或铝酸钾、氧化镁或其混合物。优选地,该至少一种硅酸盐选自硅酸铝、硅酸钙或碱土金属硅酸盐。这些组分可在添加酸和/或二氧化碳之前添加至包含天然或沉淀碳酸钙的水性悬浮液中。
另外可选地,硅酸盐和/或二氧化硅和/或氢氧化铝和/或碱土铝酸盐和/或氧化镁组分可在天然或沉淀碳酸钙与酸及二氧化碳已经开始反应时添加至天然或沉淀碳酸钙的水性悬浮液中。关于在至少一种硅酸盐和/或二氧化硅和/或氢氧化铝和/或碱土铝酸盐组分存在下制备经表面反应的天然或沉淀碳酸钙的其它细节揭示于WO2004083316 A1中,此参考文献的内容在此被包含在本申请中。
可使经表面反应碳酸钙保持悬浮液状态,任选地通过分散剂使其进一步稳定化。可使用本领域技术人员已知的传统分散剂。优选的分散剂包括聚丙烯酸和/或羧甲基纤维素。
另外可选地,可干燥上述水性悬浮液,由此获得呈粒料或粉末形式的固体(也即干燥或含有不呈流体形式的很少的水)经表面反应的天然或沉淀碳酸钙。
经表面反应碳酸钙可具有不同的粒子形状,例如玫瑰、高尔夫球和/或大脑的形状。
在一种优选的实施方案中,该经表面反应碳酸钙具有根据ISO9277:2010使用氮气和BET方法测量的20m2/g-450m2/g、优选20m2/g-250m2/g、更优选30m2/g-160m2/g、最优选40m2/g-150m2/g、进一步更优选40m2/g-140m2/g的BET比表面积。
进一步优选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙粒子具有1μm-50μm、优选1-45μm、更优选2-30μm的体积中值粒径d50(或d50(vol))。
此外可优选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙粒子具有2-150μm、优选4-100μm、更优选6-80μm、甚至更优选8-60μm且最优选10-30μm的体积粒径d98(或d98(vol))。
值dx表示下述这样的直径:相对于该直径,x%的粒子具有小于dx的直径。这意味着d98值是指下述这样的粒子尺寸:其中所有粒子的98%小于该粒子尺寸。d98值也被称作“顶切(top cut)”。dx值可以用体积或重量百分数给出。d50(重量)值因而是重量中值粒子尺寸,也即所有颗粒的50%重量小于该尺寸并且d50(体积)值是体积中值粒子尺寸,也即所有颗粒的50%体积小于该粒子尺寸。
本文中经表面反应碳酸钙的“粒子尺寸”被描述为基于体积的粒子尺寸分布,而本文中该粒料的“粒子尺寸”被描述为基于重量的粒子尺寸分布。此外,本发明含义中的经表面反应碳酸钙的“粒子尺寸”是指初级粒子尺寸。
使用Malvern Mastersizer 2000或3000激光衍射系统评价体积中值粒径d50。使用Malvern Mastersizer 2000或3000激光衍射系统测量的d50或d98值指示出的直径值为:分别50%或98%体积的粒子具有小于这个值的直径。通过测量获得的原始数据使用米氏理论、以粒子折射率1.57以及吸收指数0.005进行分析。
在整个本发明中,基于重量的粒子尺寸分布,即粒料的基于重量的粒子尺寸分布,通过机械筛分来确定。利用Retsch筛分摇动器AS 200进行测量。方法及仪器为本领域技术人员所知且通常用于确定填料和颜料的颗粒尺寸。过程及仪器为本领域技术人员所知且通常用于确定填料和颜料的颗粒尺寸。
优选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙具有由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-1.35cm3/g、优选0.30-1.30cm3/g、更优选0.30-1.25cm3/g并且最优选0.30-0.90cm3/g范围内的粒子内侵入式比孔容。
使用Micromeritics Autopore V 9620汞孔率计,使用汞侵入孔隙率测定法(mercury intrusion porosimetry)测量结果测量比孔容,所述汞孔率计具有最大施加汞压为414MPa(60 000psi),等效于0.004μm(~nm)的拉普拉斯喉径。在每个压力步骤使用的平衡时间是20秒。将样品材料密封在5cm3室的粉末透度计中用于分析。使用软件Pore-Comp(Gane,P.A.C.,Kettle,J.P.,Matthews,G.P.和Ridgway,C.J.,“Void Space Structure ofCompressible Polymer Spheres and Consolidated Calcium Carbonate Paper-CoatingFormulations”,Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,35(5),1996年,第1753-1764页),针对汞压缩、透度计膨胀和样品材料压缩来校正数据。
在累积侵入数据中见到的总孔体积可被分成两个区域,其中从214μm降至约1-4μm的侵入数据显示具有强烈贡献的任何附聚结构之间的样品的粗填充。在这些直径之下的是粒子自身的精细粒子间填充。如果它们也具有粒子内孔,则此区域显现双峰,并且通过获取由汞侵入比峰转折点更细(即比双峰拐点更细)的孔的比孔容,因而定义比粒子内孔体积。这三个区域的总和给出了粉末的总全部孔体积,但强烈地取决于原始样品压实/在分布的粗孔末端处的粉末的沉降。
通过获取累积侵入曲线的第一导数,揭示了基于等效拉普拉斯直径的孔尺寸分布,其必然包括孔屏蔽。微分曲线清楚地显示了粗附聚孔结构区域、粒子间孔区域和粒子内孔区域(如果存在的话)。已知粒子内孔直径范围,则可以从总孔体积中减去剩余粒子间和附聚体间孔体积,以给出在每单位质量孔体积(比孔容)方面的单独的内部孔的希望的孔体积。当然,相同的减法原理也适用于分离任何感兴趣的其它孔尺寸区域。
通过汞孔隙率测定法测量结果确定的经表面反应碳酸钙的粒子内孔尺寸优选在0.004-1.6μm范围内、更优选在0.005-1.3μm的范围内、尤其优选0.006-1.15μm、且最优选0.007-1.0μm,例如0.004-0.16μm。
根据一种示例性的实施方案,该经表面反应碳酸钙具有
i)根据ISO 9277:2010使用氮气及BET方法测量的20m2/g-450m2/g、优选20m2/g-250m2/g、更优选30m2/g-160m2/g、最优选40m2/g-150m2/g、再更优选40m2/g-140m2/g的BET比表面积,和/或
ii)1μm-50μm、优选1-45μm、更优选2-30μm的体积中值粒径d50,和/或
iii)由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-1.35cm3/g、优选0.30-1.30cm3/g、更优选0.30-1.25cm3/g并且最优选0.30-0.90cm3/g范围内的粒子内侵入式比孔容。
优选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙具有
i)根据ISO 9277:2010使用氮气及BET方法测量的20m2/g-450m2/g、优选20m2/g-250m2/g、更优选30m2/g-160m2/g、最优选40m2/g-150m2/g、再更优选40m2/g-140m2/g的BET比表面积,或
ii)1μm-50μm、优选1-45μm、更优选2-30μm的体积中值粒径d50,或
iii)由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-1.35cm3/g、优选0.30-1.30cm3/g、更优选0.30-1.25cm3/g并且最优选0.30-0.90cm3/g范围内的粒子内侵入式比孔容。
另外可选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙具有
i)根据ISO 9277:2010使用氮气及BET方法测量的20m2/g-450m2/g、优选20m2/g-250m2/g、更优选30m2/g-160m2/g、最优选40m2/g-150m2/g、再更优选40m2/g-140m2/g的BET比表面积,和
ii)1μm-50μm、优选1-45μm、更优选2-30μm的体积中值粒径d50,和
iii)由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-1.35cm3/g、优选0.30-1.30cm3/g、更优选0.30-1.25cm3/g并且最优选0.30-0.90cm3/g范围内的粒子内侵入式比孔容。
经表面反应碳酸钙包含该至少一种酸的阴离子的水不溶性、至少部分结晶的钙盐,其形成在该天然研磨碳酸钙或沉淀碳酸钙的表面上。根据一种实施方案,该至少一种酸的阴离子的水不溶性、至少部分结晶的盐至少部分地、优选完全地覆盖该天然研磨碳酸钙或沉淀碳酸钙的表面。取决于所使用的该至少一种酸,该阴离子可为硫酸根、亚硫酸根、磷酸根、柠檬酸根、草酸根、乙酸根、甲酸根和/或氯离子。
进一步的要求是:该粒料包含一种或多种粘结剂。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,该一种或多种粘结剂包含一种粘结剂,优选由一种粘结剂组成。另外可选地,该一种或多种粘结剂包含两种或更多种粘结剂,优选由两种或更多种粘结剂组成。例如,该一种或多种粘结剂包含两种或三种粘结剂,优选由两种或三种粘结剂组成。
优选地,该一种或多种粘结剂包含一种粘结剂,优选由一种粘结剂组成。
可用于本发明粒料中的粘结剂通常是造粒领域中众所周知的那些。在一种优选的实施方案中,该一种或多种粘结剂选自合成聚合物如甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、乙基羟乙基纤维素(EHEC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯;以及天然粘结剂如植物胶,例如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、桧树胶、茄替胶、刺梧桐胶、刺槐豆胶、巴西棕榈蜡及瓜尔胶;蛋白质如明胶、酪蛋白、胶原蛋白;糖及多糖如淀粉及其衍生物即预糊化淀粉、麦芽糊精、菊粉、纤维素、果胶、角叉菜胶及糖;动物渗出物如虫胶;蜂蜡、藻酸及其混合物。。
在一种实施方案中,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)被用作粘结剂,优选作为唯一的粘结剂。
在这方面要指出,如果需要的话,该粘结剂在某些条件下也可具有崩解性能。这种粘结剂在本领域中是已知的,例如物理改性淀粉如Colorcon的starch或预糊化淀粉如Roequette的Lycatab PGS,其在造粒条件下具有粘结性能,但在需要时能够通过例如水分吸收和溶胀使粒料崩解。
典型地,该粒料包含该一种或多种粘结剂,该一种或多种粘结剂的量基于该粒料的总干重计为0.25-35%重量,优选0.5-15%重量,更优选0.5-10%重量,甚至更优选1.0-10%重量,最优选1.5-10%重量。
通过造粒方法获得粒料。造粒(即其中使初级粉末粒子粘附以形成更大的多粒子实体的方法)是例如通过一种或多种粘结剂在粒子之间产生结合而将粒子收集在一起的方法。
最重要的造粒类型之一为湿式造粒,其中通过将造粒液体添加到受叶轮影响的粉末床上来形成粒料。系统中产生的搅拌以及配制剂内组分的润湿导致初级粉末粒子的团聚,从而产生湿粒料。该造粒液体包含必须具有挥发性的溶剂以便其可通过干燥去除,并且其为无毒的。混入粉末中的水可在粉末粒子之间形成足够强的结合以将它们锁定在一起。然而,一旦水变干,则粉末可能会散落。因此,水可能不能足够强至产生并保持结合。在这种情况下,造粒液体包含粘结剂。
关于经表面反应碳酸钙,粒料通常是已知的。例如,在EP2264108 A1(WO2010146530 A1)中提及由其中所述的方法获得的经表面反应碳酸钙可呈饼、粒料或粉末的形式,且在描述经表面反应碳酸钙的不同用途(例如在水纯化中,作为控释载体,在快速崩解剂型中,或在胃滞留药物配制剂及递送系统中)的若干文献中(EP1975310 B1、EP1982759B1、EP1974807 B1、EP1974806 B1、EP2589430 A1、WO2010037753 A1、EP2719373A1或EP2719376 A1),粒料通常被提及。
此外,WO2015181306 A1涉及一种用于生产包含经表面反应碳酸钙的粒料的方法,其中已发现,如果首先用造粒液体使该经表面反应碳酸钙粒子的多孔结构的孔饱和,而随后添加粘结剂,则不仅可增加所得粒料的稳定性,而且还可减少粘结剂的量。
因此,经表面反应碳酸钙与该一种或多种粘结剂一起可使用本领域中众所周知的各种方法进行造粒。
因此,应理解,本发明的粒料通过造粒获得,即在搅拌设备中在搅拌下获得粒料。一旦已达到所需的粒料尺寸或粒料尺寸分布,则造粒完成,随后可继续通过空气移动粒料。
造粒设备可选自传统用于造粒目的的设备。因此,搅拌设备可选自Eirich混合机、流化床干燥机/造粒机、板式造粒机、台式造粒机、鼓式造粒机、盘式造粒机、碟式造粒机、犁铧式混合机、立式或卧式混合机、高或低剪切混合机、高速掺合机和快速混合造粒机。
可指出,取决于使用的方法或混合速度,要达到的粒料尺寸或粒料尺寸分布方面可能存在差异。
优选地,在流化床混合机中制备粒料。
所得粒料可具有宽的尺寸范围,其中可通过诸如筛分的传统措施来分离不同的尺寸级分,以获得具有所需粒子尺寸分布的粒料。
本发明的粒料可包含至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,和/或可与至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合。
也就是说,如果该粒料包含至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,则该经表面反应碳酸钙和该一种或多种粘结剂优选在造粒之前与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合,使得该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体被分布在整个粒料中。这种粒料典型地可在本领域中众所周知的流化床干燥器/造粒机中获得。另外可选地,这种粒料可通过任何适合于制备粒料的方法获得。应理解,所获得的粒料优选经由湿式造粒进一步进行压片步骤,以获得本发明的赋形剂。
但是,如果该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体为液体,则优选使粒料与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合。在这种情况下,粒料因此优选装载有该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体。
如果该粒料与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体“混合”,则使该经表面反应碳酸钙和该一种或多种粘结剂造粒,并使所获得的粒料利用该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体处理,使得该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体基本上仅存在于粒料的外表面上。利用该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体进行处理的粒料典型地进行本领域中众所周知的压缩方法如直接压缩方法,以获得本发明的赋形剂。在本发明的含义中,术语“活性成分”是指在有机体中具有特定效果且在人类、动物、微生物和/或植物中引起特定反应的物质。
优选地,以液体形式提供该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体。
在本发明的含义中,术语“液体”是指包含该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体或由该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体组成的非气态流体组合物,其在使用的压力条件和温度下(即在粒料与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合的压力和温度下)是易于流动的。
因此应理解,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体可在5-200℃、优选10-120℃且最优选10-100℃的温度范围内为液体。例如,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体可在环境压力条件下(即在大气压下)在5-200℃、优选10-120℃且最优选10-100℃的温度范围内为液体。另外可选地,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体可在减压条件下(例如在100-700毫巴的压力下)在5-200℃、优选10-120℃且最优选10-100℃的温度范围内为液体。
在一种实施方案中,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体在环境温度和压力条件下,例如在室温下如约5-35℃、优选10-30℃且最优选15-25℃下并且在大气压下为液体。
另外可选地,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体在使用温度下,例如在约35-200℃、优选45-120℃且最优选55-100℃下,并且在环境压力条件下即在大气压下,或在减压条件下如在100-700毫巴的压力下熔融。
另外可选地,使该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体溶解在溶剂中。也就是说,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体与溶剂形成一种体系,在该体系中在溶剂中没有观察到离散的固体粒子,因此形成“溶液”。
在本发明的一种实施方案中,该溶剂选自水、甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、丙酮、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、植物油及其衍生物、动物油及其衍生物、熔融脂肪和蜡、及其混合物。优选地,该溶剂为水、乙醇和/或丙酮。更优选地,该溶剂为水。
例如,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体可为手性化合物。因而,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体涵盖(R)-对映异构体、(S)-对映异构体及其混合物,例如外消旋混合物。
额外地或另外可选地,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体可为异构化合物。因而,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体涵盖(Z)-异构体、(E)-异构体及其混合物。例如,如果指出该活性成分为肉桂醛,则该肉桂醛可以以(Z)-肉桂醛和/或(E)-肉桂醛的形式存在。
例如,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体选自日用化妆香精,食用香精,草本提取物和油,水果提取物和油,营养剂,痕量矿物,防护剂,食品,化妆品,阻燃剂,酶,大分子,杀虫剂,肥料,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,反应性化学品,合成来源、半合成来源、天然来源的药物和/或营养品和/或兽医活性剂或者其药物和/或营养品和/或兽医非活性前体,及其混合物。
日用化妆香精优选为具有至少约100g/mol分子量的醇、醛和/或酮,且其单独或与其他日用化妆香精组合用于散发气味、芳香味、香精味或香味。例如,该日用化妆香精可选自2,4-二甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇(花香醇(floralol))、2,4-二甲基环己烷甲醇(二氢花香醇)、5,6-二甲基-1-甲基乙烯基双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-2-甲醇(亚波醇(arbozol))、α,α,-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇(α-松油醇)、2,4,6-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇(异环香叶醇)、4-(1-甲基乙基)环己烷甲醇(五月铃兰醇(mayol))、α-3,3-三甲基-2-降冰片烷甲醇、1,1-二甲基-1-(4-甲基环己-3-烯基)甲醇、2-苯乙醇、2-环己基乙醇、2-(邻甲基苯基)-乙醇、2-(间甲基苯基)乙醇、2-(对甲基苯基)乙醇、6,6-二甲基双环-[3.1.1]庚-2-烯-2-乙醇(诺卜醇(nopol))、2-(4-甲基苯氧基)-乙醇、3,3-二甲基-Δ2-β-降冰片烷乙醇(派奇明托(patchomint))、2-甲基-2-环己基乙醇、1-(4-异丙基环己基)-乙醇、1-苯乙醇、1,1-二甲基-2-苯乙醇、1,1-二甲基-2-(4-甲基-苯基)乙醇、1-苯基丙醇、3-苯基丙醇、2-苯基丙醇(向水性醇)、2-(环十二烷基)丙-1-醇(羟基龙涎呋喃(Hydroxy-ambran))、2,2-二甲基-3-(3-甲基苯基)-丙-1-醇(美研醇(Majantol))、2-甲基-3-苯基丙醇、3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇(肉桂醇)、2-甲基-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇(甲基肉桂醇)、α-正戊基-3-苯基-2-丙烯-1-醇(α-戊基-肉桂醇)、乙基-3-羟基-3-苯基丙酸酯、2-(4-甲基苯基)-2-丙醇、3-(4-甲基环己-3-烯)丁醇、2-甲基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯-1-基)丁醇、2-乙基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-环戊-3-烯基)-2-丁烯-1-醇、3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇(异戊烯醇)、2-甲基-4-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯-1-基)-2-丁烯-1-醇、3-羟基丁酸乙酯、4-苯基-3-丁烯-2-醇、2-甲基-4-苯基丁-2-醇、4-(4-羟基苯基)丁-2-酮、4-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-丁-2-酮、3-甲基-戊醇、3-甲基-3-戊烯-1-醇、1-(2-丙烯基)环戊-1-醇(鸢醇(plinol))、2-甲基-4-苯基戊醇(圆柚芳晶(Pamplefleur))、3-甲基-5-苯基戊醇(吩醇(Phenoxanol))、2-甲基-5-苯基戊醇、2-甲基-5-(2,3-二甲基三环[2.2.1.0.sup.(2,6)]庚-3-基)-2-戊烯-1-醇(檀香醇(santalol))、4-甲基-1-苯基-2-戊醇、5-(2,2,3-三甲基-3-环戊烯基)-3-甲基戊-2-醇(人造檀香(sandalore))、(1-甲基-双环[2.1.1]庚烯-2-基)-2-甲基戊-1-烯-3-醇、3-甲基-1-苯基戊-3-醇、1,2-二甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)环戊-1-醇、2-异丙基-5-甲基-2-己烯醇、顺式-3-己烯-1-醇、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、2-异丙烯基-4-甲基-4-己烯-1-醇(熏衣草醇(Lavandulol))、2-乙基-2-异戊烯基-3-己烯醇、1-羟甲基-4-异丙烯基-1-环己烯(二氢对异丙苄基醇)、1-甲基-4-异丙烯基环己-6-烯-2-醇(香芹烯醇(carvenol))、6-甲基-3-异丙烯基环己-1-醇(二氢香芹烯醇)、1-甲基-4-异丙烯基环己-3-醇、4-异丙基-1-甲基环己-3-醇、4-叔丁基环己醇、2-叔丁基环己醇、2-叔丁基-4-甲基环己醇(香根醇(rootanol))、4-异丙基-环己醇、4-甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-3-环己烯-1-醇、2-(5,6,6-三甲基-2-降冰片基)环己醇、异冰片基环己醇、3,3,5-三甲基环己醇、1-甲基-4-异丙基环己-3-醇、1-甲基-4-异丙基环己烷-8-醇(二氢松油醇)、1,2-二甲基-3-(1-甲基乙基)环己-1-醇、庚醇、2,4-二甲基庚-1-醇、6-庚基-5-庚烯-2-醇(异沉香醇)、2,4-二甲基-2,6-庚烷二烯醇、6,6-二甲基-2-氧甲基-双环[3.1.1]庚-2-烯(桃金娘烯醇(myrtenol))、4-甲基-2,4-庚二烯-1-醇、3,4,5,6,6-五甲基-2-庚醇、3,6-二甲基-3-乙烯基-5-庚烯-2-醇、6,6-二甲基-3-羟基-2-亚甲基双环[3.1.1]庚烷、1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]庚-2-醇、2,6-二甲基庚-2-醇(二米吐尔(dimetol))、2,6,6-三甲基双环[1.3.3]庚-2-醇、辛醇、2-辛烯醇、2-甲基辛-2-醇、2-甲基-6-亚甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇(香叶烯醇(myrcenol))、7-甲基辛-1-醇、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯醇、3,7-二甲基-7-辛烯醇、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-1-醇(香茅醇)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(香叶醇)、3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯-1-醇(橙花醇)、3,7-二甲基-7-甲氧基辛-2-醇(沙针醇(osyrol))、3,7-二甲基-1,6-辛二烯-3-醇(沉香醇)、3,7-二甲基辛-1-醇(香叶醇(pelargol))、3,7-二甲基辛-3-醇(四氢芳樟醇)、2,4-辛二烯-1-醇、3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-3-醇(二氢沉香醇)、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇(二氢月桂烯醇)、2,6-二甲基-5,7-辛二烯-2-醇、4,7-二甲基-4-乙烯基-6-辛烯-3-醇、3-甲基辛-3-醇、2,6-二甲基辛-2-醇、2,6-二甲基辛-3-醇、3,6-二甲基辛-3-醇、2,6-二甲基-7-辛烯-2-醇、2,6-二甲基-3,5-辛二烯-2-醇(蘑菇醇(muguol))、3-甲基-1-辛烯-3-醇、7-羟基-3,7-二甲基辛醛、3-壬醇、2,6-壬二烯-1-醇、顺式-6-壬烯-1-醇、6,8-二甲基壬-2-醇、3-(羟甲基)-2-壬酮、2-壬烯-1-醇、2,4-壬二烯-1-醇、3,7-二甲基-1,6-壬二烯-3-醇、癸醇、9-癸烯醇、2-苄基-M-二氧杂-5-醇、2-癸烯-1-醇、2,4-癸二烯-1-醇、4-甲基-3-癸烯-5-醇、3,7,9-三甲基-1,6-癸二烯-3-醇(异丁基沉香醇)、十一烷醇、2-十一碳烯-1-醇、10-十一碳烯-1-醇、2-十二碳烯-1-醇、2,4-十二碳二烯-1-醇、2,7,11-三甲基-2,6,10-十二碳三烯-1-醇(法呢醇(farnesol))、3,7,11-三甲基-1,6,10,-十二碳三烯-3-醇(橙花叔醇(nerolidol))、3,7,11,15-四甲基十六碳-2-烯-1-醇(植醇(phytol))、3,7,11,15-四甲基十六碳-1-烯-3-醇(异植醇(isophytol))、苯甲醇、对甲氧基苯甲醇(茴香基醇(anisyl))、对伞花(cymen)-7-醇(对异丙苄基醇)、4-甲基苯甲醇、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯甲醇、水杨酸甲酯、水杨酸苄酯、顺式水杨酸-3-己烯酯、水杨酸正戊酯、2-苯乙基水杨酸酯、水杨酸正己酯、2-甲基-5-异丙基苯酚、4-乙基-2-甲氧基苯酚、4-烯丙基-2-甲氧基苯酚(丁香酚)、2-甲氧基-4-(1-丙烯基)苯酚(异丁香酚)、4-烯丙基-2,6-二甲氧基-苯酚、4-叔丁基苯酚、2-乙氧基-4-甲基苯酚、2-甲基-4-乙烯基苯酚、2-异丙基-5-甲基苯酚(麝香草酚)、邻羟基苯甲酸异戊酯、2-羟基-苯甲酸乙酯、2,4-二羟基-3,6-二甲基苯甲酸甲酯、3-羟基-5-甲氧基-1-甲苯、2-叔丁基-4-甲基-1-羟基苯、1-乙氧基-2-羟基-4-丙烯基苯、4-羟基甲苯、4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛、2-乙氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛、十氢-2-萘酚、2,5,5-三甲基-八氢-2-萘酚、1,3,3-三甲基-2-降冰片烷醇(葑醇(fenchol))、3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-2,4-二甲基-4,7-亚甲基-1H-茚-5-醇、3a,4,5,6,7,7a-六氢-3,4-二甲基-4,7-亚甲基-1H-茚-5-醇、2-甲基-2-乙烯基-5-(1-羟基-1-甲基乙基)四氢呋喃、β-石竹烯醇、香草醛、乙基香草醛、肉桂醛、苯甲醛、苯乙醛、庚醛、辛醛、癸醛、十一烷醛、十一烯醛、十二烷醛、十三烷醛、甲基壬醛、二癸醛、茴香醛、香茅醛、香茅基氧基醛、仙客来醛、α-己基肉桂醛、羟基香茅醛、α-甲基肉桂醛、甲基壬基乙醛、丙基苯基醛、柠檬醛、紫苏醛、甲苯醛、甲苯乙醛、对异丙基苯甲醛、水杨醛、α-戊基肉桂醛和胡椒醛及其混合物。
也可使用各种精油、草本提取物和/或水果提取物,优选具有各种药用或者膳食补充性能的那些。精油、草本提取物和/或水果提取物通常是可以药用或用于调味的提取物或芳香植物、植物部分、水果或水果部分。适合的草本提取物和/或水果提取物可单独或在各种混合物中使用。常用精油、草本提取物和/或水果提取物包括紫锥花(Echinacea)、白毛茛(Goldenseal)、金盏草(Calendula)、迷迭香(Rosemary)、百里香(Thyme)、卡瓦椒(KavaKava)、芦荟(Aloe)、血根草(Blood Root)、葡萄柚籽提取物(Grapefruit Seed Extract)、黑升麻(Black Cohosh)、人参(Ginseng)、瓜拉那(Guarana)、蔓越橘(Cranberry)、银杏叶(Ginko Biloba)、圣约翰草(St.John's Wort)、月见草油(Evening Primrose Oil)、育亨宾树皮(Yohimbe Bark)、绿茶(Green Tea)、麻黄(Ma Huang)、玛咖(Maca)、覆盆子(Bilberry)、叶黄素(Lutein)、姜(Ginger)、含有丁香酚的油及其组合。
可使用各种营养剂,几乎包括任何维生素、矿物和/或植物化学成分。例如,可使用维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素D、维生素E(即生育酚)、维生素K、硫胺素、核黄素、生物素、叶酸、烟酸、泛酸、Q10、α硫辛酸、二氢硫辛酸、姜黄素、叶黄素、β-隐黄质、番茄红素、叶黄素、玉米黄素、虾青素、β-胡萝卜素、胡萝卜素、混合类胡萝卜素、多酚、类黄酮、钠、钾、钙、镁、硫、氯、胆碱;和/或植物化学成分,例如类胡萝卜素、叶绿素、叶绿酸、纤维、类黄酮、花青素、矢车菊色素(cyaniding)、花翠素、锦葵色素、天竺葵色素、芍药色素、矮牵牛花素、黄烷醇、儿茶素、表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、茶黄素、茶红素、原花青素、黄酮醇、槲皮素、堪非醇、杨梅素、异鼠李素、黄碱醇橙皮素(flavononeshesperetin)、柚皮素、圣草酚、桔皮素、黄酮类、芹黄素、木犀草素、木脂素、植物雌激素、白藜芦醇、异黄酮、大豆黄素、染料木黄酮、黄豆黄素、大豆异黄酮及其组合。可用作活性成分的营养剂的实例阐述于美国专利申请公开号20030157213A1、20030206993和20030099741A1中,出于所有目的,通过引用将其全文并入本文中。
在一种实施方案中,可使用痕量矿物,例如锰、锌、铜、氟、钼、碘、钴、铬、硒、磷及其组合。
酶可包括但不限于辅酶Q10、胃蛋白酶、植酸酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、乳糖酶及其组合。
杀虫剂(pesticides)优选为本领域技术人员已知的任何已知的除草剂、杀昆虫剂(insecticide)、昆虫生长调节剂、杀线虫剂、杀白蚁剂、杀软体动物剂、杀鱼剂、杀鸟剂、杀鼠剂、食肉动物毒杀剂(predacide)、杀菌剂、驱虫剂、动物趋避剂、抗微生物剂、杀真菌剂、消毒剂(disinfectant)(抗微生物剂)和消毒杀菌剂(sanitizer)。
应注意,防腐剂可为本领域技术人员已知的任何此类化合物。例如,防腐剂可包括但不限于苯氧基乙醇,乙基己基甘油,对羟基苯甲酸酯如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟基苯甲酸乙酯,对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,对羟基苯甲酸丁酯及其混合物,苯扎氯铵,氯丁醇,苯甲醇,氯化十六烷基吡啶酒石酸,乳酸,苹果酸,乙酸,苯甲酸,苯甲酸钠,山梨酸,山梨酸钾及其混合物。
抗氧化剂优选选自丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA),丁基羟基甲苯(BHT),没食子酸酯,类胡萝卜素,多酚如白藜芦醇,类黄酮及其混合物,多酚衍生物,生育酚及其盐,β胡萝卜素,泛醌(ubichinon),生育三烯酚,二氢槲皮素,天然来源的抗氧化剂及其混合物。如果抗氧化剂为天然来源的,则该抗氧化剂可为例如针叶树提取物,海岸松树皮提取物如来自瑞士Horphag的和/或余甘子果提取物如来从德国Sabinsa公司的
该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体优选选自合成来源、半合成来源、天然来源及其组合的药物活性剂或药物非活性前体。
因而,药物活性剂涉及合成来源、半合成来源、天然来源及其组合的药物活性剂。另外,该药物活性剂的药物非活性前体涉及合成来源、半合成来源、天然来源及其组合的药物非活性前体并且将在随后阶段中被活化成相应的药物活性剂。
这种药物非活性前体的活化是本领域技术人员已知的并且常见地用在例如胃和/或胃肠途径中的活化,例如酸性活化或胰蛋白酶或糜蛋白酶裂解。
在本领域技术人员的理解范围内,所提及的活化方法仅具有说明性特性,且不旨在具有限制性特性。
应注意,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可为本领域技术人员已知的任何此类化合物。
当施用于人和/或动物时,药物活性剂因而包括提供预防和/或治疗性能的任何化合物。实例包括但不限于药物活性剂、治疗活性剂、兽用活性剂、营养物和生长调节剂。
该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可为抗炎剂。这种试剂可包括但不限于非类固醇抗炎剂或NSAID,例如丙酸衍生物;乙酸衍生物;芬那酸衍生物;联苯羧酸衍生物;和昔康(oxicams)。所有这些NSAID被充分描述于Sunshine等人的美国专利第4,985,459号中,关于这些NSAID的描述,其全文通过引用并入本文中。可用的NSAID的实例包括乙酰水杨酸、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、萘普生(naproxen)、苯恶洛芬(benoxaprofen)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、非诺洛芬(fenoprofen)、芬布芬(fenbufen)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、吲哚洛芬(indoprofen)、吡洛芬(pirprofen)、卡洛芬(carprofen)、奥沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、普拉洛芬(pranoprofen)、微洛芬(microprofen)、硫恶洛芬(tioxaprofen)、舒洛芬(suprofen)、阿明洛芬(alminoprofen)、噻洛芬酸(tiaprofenic acid)、氟洛芬(fluprofen)、布氯酸(bucloxic acid)及其混合物。
同样可用的是类固醇抗炎药如氢化可的松等,以及COX-2抑制剂如美洛昔康(meloxicam)、塞来昔布(celecoxib)、罗非考昔(rofecoxib)、伐地考昔(valdecoxib)、艾托考昔(etoricoxib)或其混合物。可使用任何上述抗炎剂的混合物。
可用作药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体的其他材料包括常见已知的口腔和咽喉产品。这些产品包括但不限于上呼吸道试剂如苯肾上腺素、苯海拉明、右美沙芬(dextromethorphan)、溴己新和氯苯吡胺(chiorpheniramine);胃肠试剂如法莫替丁(famotidine)、洛哌丁胺(loperamide)和聚二甲基硅油;抗真菌剂如硝酸咪康唑(miconazole nitrate);抗生素和镇痛剂如酮洛芬和氟比洛芬(fluribuprofen)。
该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体也可选自焦亚硫酸钠、丁基羟基甲苯、丁基化羟基苯甲醚。
该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体也可选自麻黄碱(ephedrine)、镁加铝(magaldrate)、假麻黄碱(pseudoephedrine)、西地那非(sildenafil)、利多卡因(xylocaine)、苯扎氯铵(benzalconium chloride)、咖啡因(caffeine)、去养肾上腺素(phenylephrine)、安非拉酮(amfepramone)、奥利司他(orlistat)、西布曲明(sibutramine)、对乙酰氨基酚(acetaminophen)、阿司匹林(aspirin)、格列酮(glitazones)、二甲双胍(metformin)、氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)、乘晕宁(dimenhydrinat)、多潘立酮(domperidone)、美克洛嗪(meclozine)、甲氧氯普胺(metoclopramide)、奥丹西隆(odansetron)、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)、普鲁米近(promethazine)、阿伐斯汀(acrivastine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、桂利嗪(cinnarizine)、氯马斯汀(clemastine)、赛克利嗪(cyclizine)、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、右氯苯那敏(dexchlorpheniramine)、茶苯海明(dimenhydrinate)、依巴司汀(ebastine)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、左沃普洛辛(levolevoproricin)、氯雷他定(loratadine)、美克洛嗪(meclozine)、咪唑斯汀(mizolastine)、普鲁米近(promethazine)、咪康唑(miconazole)、二乙酸氯己定(chlorhexidine diacetate)、氟化物、十肽KSL(decapeptide KSL)、氟化铝、氨基螯合钙(aminochelated calcium)、氟化铵、氟硅酸铵、单氟磷酸铵、氟化钙、葡萄糖酸钙、甘油磷酸钙、乳酸钙、单氟磷酸钙、碳酸钙、尿素、氯化十六烷基吡啶氯己定、二葡萄糖酸氯己定(chlorhexidine digluconate)、氯化氯己定(chlorhexidine chloride)、氯己定二乙酸酯(chlorhexidine diacetate)、CPP酪蛋白磷酸肽(CPP caseine phospho peptide)、赫克特丁(hexetedine)、十八碳烯基氟化铵(octadecentyl ammonium fluoride)、氟硅酸钾、氯化钾、单氟磷酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、氟化钠、氟硅酸钠、单氟磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、氟化亚锡、硬脂酰三羟乙基丙二胺二氢氟化物、氯化锶、焦磷酸四钾、焦磷酸四钠、正磷酸三钾、正磷酸三钠、藻酸、氢氧化铝、碳酸氢钠、西地那非(sildenafil)、他达拉非(tadalafil)、伐地那非(vardenafil)、育亨宾(yohimbine)、西咪替丁(cimetidine)、尼沙替丁(nizatidine)、雷尼替丁(ranitidine)、乙酰水杨酸、氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)、乙酰半胱氨酸、溴己新(bromhexine)、可待因(codeine)、右美沙芬(dextromethorphan)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、诺斯卡品(noscapine)、苯丙醇胺(phenylpropanolamine)、维生素D、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、吡沙可啶(bisacodyl)、乳糖醇(lactitol)、乳果糖(lactulose)、氧化镁、匹克硫酸钠、番泻叶苷(senna glycosides)、苯佐卡因(benzocaine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)、四卡因(tetracaine)、阿莫曲坦(almotriptan)、依来曲坦(eletriptan)、那拉曲坦(naratriptan)、利扎曲坦(rizatriptan)、舒马曲坦(sumatriptan)、佐米曲坦(zolmitriptan)、钙、铬、铜、碘、镁、锰、钼、磷、硒、锌、氯胺、氢过氧化物、甲硝唑、曲安奈德(triamcinolonacetonide)、苯索氯铵(benzethonium chl.)、十六基吡啶氯(cetylpyrid.chl.)、氯己定、氟化物、利多卡因、双性霉素(amphotericin)、咪康唑(miconazole)、制霉菌素(nystatin)、鱼油、银杏(ginkgo biloba)、人参、姜、紫松果菊(purpleconeflower)、锯棕榈(saw palmetto)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、左旋西替利嗪(levocetirizine)、氯雷他定(loratadine)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、阿伐斯丁假麻黄碱(acrivastine pseudoephedrine)、氯雷他定假麻黄碱(loratadine pseudoephedrine)、葡糖胺、透明质酸、十肽KSL-W、十肽KSL、白藜芦醇(resveratrol)、迷索前列醇(misoprostol)、安非他酮(bupropion)、盐酸恩丹西酮(ondansetron HCl)、埃索美拉唑(esomeprazole)、兰索拉唑(lansoprazole)、奥美拉唑(omeprazole)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、雷贝拉唑(rabeprazole)、细菌等、洛哌丁胺(loperamide)、聚二甲基础硅油(simethicone)、乙酰水杨酸等、硫糖铝(sucralfate)、克霉唑(clotrimazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、特比萘芬(terbinafine)、别嘌呤醇(allopurinol)、丙磺舒(probenecid)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、烟酸(nicotinic acid)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、罗素他汀(rosuvastatin)、辛伐他汀(simvastatin)、匹鲁卡品(pilocarpine)、萘普生(naproxen)、阿仑膦酸盐(alendronate)、依替膦酸盐(etidronate)、雷诺昔酚(raloxifene)、利塞膦酸盐(risedronate)、苯并二氮卓类(benzodiazepines)、戒酒硫(disulphiram)、纳曲酮(naltrexone)、丁丙诺啡(buprenorphine)、可待因(codeine)、右旋丙氧吩(dextropropoxyphene)、芬太尼(fentanyl)、氢吗啡酮(hydromorphone)、凯托米酮(ketobemidone)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、美沙酮(methadone)、吗啡(morphine)、萘普生(naproxen)、尼可吗啡(nicomorphine)、羟考酮(oxycodone)、哌替啶(pethidine)、曲马多(tramadol)、阿莫西林(amoxicillin)、氨苄青霉素(ampicillin)、阿奇霉素(azithromycin)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin)、克拉霉素(clarithromycin)、强力霉素(doxycyclin)、红霉素(erythromycin)、夫西地酸(fusidic acid)、赖甲环素(lymecycline)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、莫西沙星(moxifloxacin)、氧氟沙星(ofloxacin)、土霉素(oxytetracycline)、苯氧基甲基青霉素(phenoxymethylpenicillin)、利福霉素(rifamycins)、罗红霉素(roxithromycin)、磺胺噻唑(sulphamethizole)、四环素(tetracycline)、甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim)、万古霉素(vancomycin)、阿卡波糖(acarbose)、格列本脲(glibenclamide)、格列齐特(gliclazide)、格列美脲(glimepiride)、格列吡嗪(glipizide)、胰岛素(insulin)、瑞格列奈(repaglinide)、甲苯磺丁脲(tolbutamide)、奥司他韦(oseltamivir)、阿昔洛韦(aciclovir)、泛昔洛韦(famciclovir)、喷昔洛韦(penciclovir)、缬更昔洛韦(valganciclovir)、氨氯地平(amlopidine)、地尔硫卓(diltiazem)、非洛地平(felodipine)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、维拉帕米(verapamil)、非那雄胺(finasteride)、米诺地尔(minoxidil)、可卡因(cocaine)、丁丙诺啡(buphrenorphin)、氯压定(clonidine)、美沙酮(methadone)、纳曲酮(naltrexone)、钙拮抗剂(calciumantagonists)、氯压定(clonidine)、麦角胺(ergotamine)、β-阻断剂(β-blockers)、醋氯芬酸(aceclofenac)、塞内昔布(celecoxib)、右布洛芬(dexiprofen)、依托度酸(etodolac)、吲哚美辛(indometacin)、酮洛芬(ketoprofen)、酮咯酸(ketorolac)、氯诺昔康(lornoxicam)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、厄罗昔康(oiroxicam)、帕瑞考昔(parecoxib)、保泰松(phenylbutazone)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、噻洛芬酸(tiaprofenic acid)、托芬那酸(tolfenamic acid)、阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)、氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)、氯丙硫葸(chlorprothixene)、氯氮平(clozapine)、氟哌噻吨(flupentixol)、氟非那嗪(fluphenazine)、氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)、碳酸锂、柠檬酸锂、美哌隆(melperone)、五氟利多(penfluridol)、哌氰嗪(periciazine)、奋乃静(perphenazine)、哌迷清(pimozide)、匹泮哌隆(pipamperone)、丙氯拉嗪(prochlorperazine)、利培酮(risperidone)、硫醚嗪(thioridizin)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、伏立康唑(voriconazole)、鸦片(opium)、苯二氮卓(benzodiazepines)、氢新(hydroxine)、甲丙胺酯(meprobamate)、啡噻嗪(phenothiazine)、氨基乙酸铝(aluminiumaminoacetate)、艾美拉唑(esomeprazole)、法莫替丁(famotidine)、氧化镁、尼扎替丁(nizatide)、奥美拉唑(omeprazole)、泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)、苯丙胺(amphetamine)、阿替洛尔(atenolol)、富马酸比索洛尔(bisoprolol fumarate)、美托洛尔(metoprolol)、美托洛尔(metropolol)、吲哚洛尔(pindolol)、普萘洛尔(propranolol)、金诺芬(auranofin)和苄达酸(bendazac)。
可用的药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体的其他实例可包括选自以下治疗剂的活性成分:镇痛剂、麻醉剂、退热剂、抗过敏药、抗心律失常剂、食欲抑制剂、抗真菌剂、抗炎剂、支气管扩张剂、心血管药物、冠状动脉扩张剂、脑扩张剂、外周血管扩张剂、抗感染剂、精神药物、抗躁狂剂、兴奋剂、抗组胺药、轻泻剂、减充血剂、胃肠镇静剂、性功能障碍剂、消毒剂、抗腹泻剂、抗心绞痛剂、血管扩张剂、抗高血压剂、血管收缩剂、偏头痛治疗剂、抗生素、镇静剂、抗精神病剂、抗肿瘤药物、抗凝血剂、抗血栓剂、催眠剂、镇静剂、止吐剂、抗恶心剂、抗惊厥剂、神经肌肉剂、高血糖剂和低血糖剂、甲状腺剂和抗甲状腺剂、利尿剂、抗痉挛剂、子宫松弛剂、抗肥胖剂、厌食剂、解痉剂、合成代谢剂、促红细胞生成剂、抗哮喘剂、祛痰剂、咳嗽抑制剂、黏液溶解剂、抗尿毒症剂、牙科赋形剂、口气清新剂、抗酸剂、抗利尿剂、抗胀气剂、β阻断剂、牙齿增白剂、酶、辅酶、蛋白质、能量增强剂、纤维、益生菌、益生元、NSAID、止咳剂、碱充血剂、抗组胺药、祛痰剂、止泻剂、氢拮抗剂、质子泵抑制剂、通用非选择性CNS抑制剂、通用非选择性CNS兴奋剂、选择性CNS功能改良药物、抗帕金森病药、麻醉镇痛药、镇痛剂、精神药理学药和性功能障碍剂。
可用的药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体的实例也可包括:酪蛋白糖基巨肽(CGMP)、三氯生(Triclosan)、氯化十六烷基吡啶溴化度米芬(Domiphen bromide)、季铵盐、锌组分、血根碱、氟化物、阿来西定(Alexidine)、欧克尼定(Octonidine)、EDTA、阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、酮洛芬、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、非诺洛芬钙、萘普生、托美丁钠、吲哚美辛、苯佐那酯(Benzonatate)、乙二磺酸卡拉美芬(Caramiphen edisylate)、薄荷醇、氢溴酸右美沙芬、盐酸可可碱、盐酸氯苯达诺(Chlophendianol Hydrochloride)、盐酸假麻黄碱、苯肾上腺素(Phenylephrine)、苯丙醇胺、硫酸假麻黄碱、马来酸溴苯那敏(Brompheniramine maleate)、马来酸氯苯那敏(Chlorpheniramine maleate)、马来酸卡比沙明(Carbinoxamine maleate)、富马酸氯马斯汀(Clemastine fumarate)、马来酸地氯苯那敏(Dexchlorpheniramine maleate)、盐酸苯海拉明(Dephenhydraminehydrochloride)、盐酸二苯胺、马来酸哌吡庚啶(Azatadine maleate)、柠檬酸苯海拉明(Diphenhydramine citrate)、琥珀酸多西拉敏(Doxylamine succinate)、盐酸异丙嗪(Promethazine hydrochloride)、马来酸吡拉明(Pyrilamine maleate)、柠檬酸三苯胺(Tripellenamine citrate)、盐酸曲普利啶(Triprolidine hydrochloride)、阿昔伐他汀(Acrivastine)、氯雷他定(Loratadine)、溴苯那敏(Brompheniramine)、德溴非明(Dexbrompheniamine)、愈创甘油醚(Guaifenesin)、吐根(Ipecac)、碘化钾、水合萜品(Terpin hydrate)、洛哌丁胺(Loperamide)、法莫替丁(Famotidine)、雷尼替丁(Ranitidine)、奥美拉唑(Omeprazole)、兰索拉唑(Lansoprazole)、脂族醇、巴比妥酸盐(Barbiturate)、咖啡因(caffeine)、马钱子碱(strychnine)、木防己苦毒素(Picrotoxin)、戊四氮、苯基乙内酰脲、苯巴比妥(Phenobarbital)、普里米酮(Primidone)、卡马西平(Carbamazapine)、乙琥胺、甲琥胺、苯琥胺(Phensuximide)、三甲双酮(Trimethadione)、地西泮(Diazepam)、苯并二氮卓(Benzodiazepine)、苯乙酰脲、苯丁酰脲、乙酰唑胺、苏太明(Sulthiame)、溴化物、左旋多巴(Levodopa)、金刚胺(Amantadine)、吗啡碱(Morphine)、海洛因(Heroin)、氢吗啡酮(Hydromorphone)、美托酮(Metopon)、羟吗啡酮(Oxymorphone)、左吗喃(Levophanol)、可待因(Codeine)、氢可酮(Hydrocodone)、羟考酮(Xycodone)、纳洛芬(Nalorphine)、纳洛酮(Naloxone)、纳曲酮(Naltrexone)、水杨酸盐、苯基丁氮酮(Phenylbutazone)、吲哚美辛(Indomethacin)、非那西汀(Phenacetin)、氯丙嗪(Chlorpromazine)、左美丙嗪(Methotrimeprazine)、氟哌啶醇(Haloperidol)、氯氮平(Clozapine)、利血平(Reserpine)、丙咪嗪(Imipramine)、反苯环丙胺(Tranylcypromine)、苯乙肼(Phenelzine)、锂、柠檬酸西地那非(Sildenafil citrate)、他达拉非(Tadalafil)和伐地那非CL(Vardenafil CL)。例如,丁香酚可被用作麻醉剂。
可用的药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体的实例可包括选自以下的活性成分:ACE抑制剂、抗心绞痛药、抗心律失常剂、抗哮喘剂、抗胆固醇血剂、镇痛剂、麻醉剂、抗惊厥剂、抗抑郁剂、抗糖尿病剂、抗腹泻制剂、解毒剂、抗组胺药、抗高血压药、抗炎剂、抗脂质剂、抗躁剂、止恶心药、抗中风剂、抗甲状腺制剂、抗肿瘤药物、抗病毒剂、痤疮药物、生物碱、氨基酸制剂、止咳剂、抗尿毒症剂、抗病毒药物、合成代谢制剂、全身和非全身抗感染剂、抗肿瘤药、抗帕金森病剂、抗风湿病剂、食欲刺激剂、生物学反应调节剂、血液改良剂、骨骼代谢调节剂、心血管剂、中枢神经系统刺激剂、胆碱酯酶抑制剂、避孕药、碱充血剂、膳食补充剂、多巴胺受体促效剂、子宫内膜异位处理剂、酶、勃起功能障碍疗法(例如目前以ViagraTM出售的柠檬酸西地那非(sildenafil citrate)、生育剂、胃肠道药、顺势疗法治疗物、激素、高钙血症处理剂和低钙血症处理剂、免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、偏头痛制剂、动晕症治疗剂、肌肉松弛剂、肥胖管理剂、骨质疏松症制剂、催产剂、副交感神经阻断药、副交感神经药、前列腺素、精神治疗剂、呼吸道剂、镇静剂、戒烟助剂(例如溴麦角环肽)、交感神经剂、震颤制剂、泌尿道药、血管扩张剂、轻泻剂、抗酸剂、离子交换树脂、退烧药、食欲抑制剂、祛痰剂、抗焦虑剂、抗溃疡剂、抗炎物质、冠状动脉扩张剂、脑扩张剂、外周血管扩张剂、精神药物、兴奋剂、抗高血压药物、血管收缩剂、偏头痛治疗剂、抗生素、安神剂、抗精神病药、抗肿瘤药物、抗凝血剂、抗血栓药物、安眠药、止吐药、抗恶心药、抗惊厥剂、神经肌肉药、高血糖剂和低血糖剂、甲状腺和抗甲状腺制剂、利尿剂、抗痉挛药、子宫松弛剂、抗肥胖药物、促红血球生成药、抗哮喘剂、止咳剂、黏液溶解剂、DNA和遗传修饰药以及其组合。
预期可用的药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体的实例也可包括抗酸剂、H2-拮抗剂和镇痛剂。例如,可单独使用碳酸钙成分或与氢氧化镁和/或氢氧化铝组合来制备抗酸剂。此外,抗酸剂可与H2-拮抗剂组合使用。
镇痛剂包括鸦片制剂以及鸦片制剂衍生物,例如OxycontinTM、布洛芬、阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚及其可任选地包括咖啡因的组合。
其他可用的药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可包括止泻剂,例如ImmodiumTM AD、抗组胺药、止咳剂、碱充血剂、维生素和口气清新剂。也预期在本文中使用的是抗焦虑剂,例如XanaxTM;抗精神病药,例如ClozarilTM和HaldolTM;非类固醇抗炎剂(NSAID),例如布洛芬、萘普生钠、VoltarenTM和LodineTM;抗组胺药,例如ClaritinTM、HismanalTM、RelafenTM和TavistTM;止吐药,例如KytrilTM和CesametTM;支气管扩张剂,例如BentolinTM、ProventilTM;抗抑郁药,例如ProzacTM、ZoloftTM和PaxilTM;抗偏头痛剂,例如ImigraTM;ACE抑制剂,例如VasotecTM、CapotenTM和ZestrilTM;抗阿尔茨海默病药,例如NicergolineTM;以及CaH拮抗剂,例如ProcardiaTM、AdalatTM和CalanTM。
预期用于本发明中的普遍的H2-拮抗剂包括西咪替丁、盐酸雷尼替丁、法莫替丁、尼沙替丁(nizatidine)、乙溴替丁(ebrotidine)、咪芬替丁(mifentidine)、罗沙替丁(roxatidine)、匹沙替丁(pisatidine)和乙酸罗沙替丁(aceroxatidine)。
活性抗酸成分可包括但不限于以下物质:氢氧化铝、氨基乙酸二羟基铝、氨基乙酸、磷酸铝、碳酸二羟铝钠、碳酸氢盐、铝酸铋、碳酸铋、碱式碳酸铋、碱式没食子酸铋、次硝酸铋、次水杨酸铋(bismuth subsilysilate)、磷酸钙、柠檬酸根离子(酸或盐)、氨基乙酸、水合硫酸镁铝、镁加铝、硅酸镁铝、碳酸镁、甘氨酸镁、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、三硅酸镁、乳固体、磷酸氢二或二氢铝钙、磷酸三钙、碳酸氢钾、酒石酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硅酸镁铝、酒石酸和盐。
在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自镇痛剂/麻醉剂,例如薄荷醇、苯酚、己基间苯二酚、苯佐卡因、盐酸达克罗宁、苯甲醇、水杨醇及其组合。在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自缓和剂,例如滑榆树皮(slipperyelm bark)、果胶、明胶及其组合。在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自防腐败剂(antiseptic)成分,例如氯化十六烷基吡啶溴化杜米芬(domiphenbromide)、地喹氯铵(dequalinium chloride)、丁香酚及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自止咳成分,例如盐酸氯苯达诺、可待因、磷酸可待因、硫酸可待因、右美沙芬、氢溴酸右美沙芬、柠檬酸苯海拉明和盐酸苯海拉明及其组合。
在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自咽喉舒缓剂,例如蜂蜜、蜂胶、芦荟(aloe vera)、丙三醇、薄荷醇及其组合。在其他实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自咳嗽抑制剂。这种咳嗽抑制剂可分成两组:改变痰的质地或产量的那些,例如黏液溶解剂和祛痰药;以及抑制咳嗽反射的那些,例如可待因(麻醉性咳嗽抑制剂)、抗组胺、右美沙芬和异丙肾上腺素(非麻醉性咳嗽抑制剂)。
在其他实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自以下的止咳剂:可待因、右美沙芬、右羟吗喃、苯海拉明、氢可酮、诺斯卡品、羟考酮、喷托维林及其组合。在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自抗组胺药,例如阿伐斯汀、阿扎他定、溴苯那敏、氯非尼拉敏、氯马斯汀、赛庚啶、右溴苯那敏、茶苯海明、苯海拉明、苯吡拉明、安泰乐、美克利嗪、苯茚胺、苯托沙敏、普鲁米近、比拉明、曲吡那明、曲普利定及其组合。在一些实施方案中,该药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体可选自非镇静抗组胺药,例如阿司咪唑、西替利嗪、依巴斯汀、非索非那定、氯雷他定、特非那定及其组合。
例如,该一种或多种活性成分选自日用化妆香精,食用香精,精油,杀虫剂,杀真菌剂,药物活性剂或其药物非活性前体如防腐败剂和/或麻醉剂,及其混合物。
如果该粒料包含至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,则基于该粒料的总干重计,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体优选以0.5-80%重量、优选10.0-70%重量且最优选20-60%重量的量存在于该粒料中。
额外地或另外可选地,该粒料包含一种或多种润滑剂和/或一种或多种崩解剂,和/或与一种或多种润滑剂和/或一种或多种崩解剂混合。
例如,如果该粒料包含一种或多种润滑剂,则该经表面反应碳酸钙及该一种或多种粘结剂优选在造粒之后与该一种或多种润滑剂混合,使得该一种或多种润滑剂存在于该粒料的表面上。
额外地或另外可选地,如果该粒料包含一种或多种崩解剂,则该经表面反应碳酸钙及该一种或多种粘结剂优选在造粒之前与该一种或多种崩解剂混合,使得该一种或多种崩解剂存在于整个粒料中。另外可选地,该经表面反应碳酸钙及该一种或多种粘结剂优选在造粒之后与该一种或多种崩解剂混合,使得该一种或多种崩解剂存在于该粒料的表面上。
优选地,该粒料包含一种润滑剂和/或一种崩解剂,和/或与一种润滑剂和/或一种崩解剂混合。例如,该粒料包含一种润滑剂或一种崩解剂,和/或与一种润滑剂或一种崩解剂混合。
应指出,可用于本发明粒料的润滑剂和崩解剂通常是造粒领域中众所周知的那些。
在一种优选的实施方案中,该崩解剂可选自交联羧甲基纤维素钠、改性纤维素胶、不溶性交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉、改性淀粉如淀粉羟乙酸钠、预糊化淀粉或羧甲基淀粉钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素、N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮的均聚物、烷基纤维素酯、羟烷基纤维素酯、羧基烷基纤维素酯、藻酸、微晶纤维素及其多晶型、离子交换树脂、树胶、甲壳素、壳聚糖、粘土、结冷胶、交联泼拉克林(polacrillin)共聚物、琼脂、糊精、丙烯酸聚合物、羧甲基纤维素钠/钙、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、大豆多糖或其混合物。该一种或多种崩解剂也可为超级崩解剂。可用于本发明粒料的超级崩解剂通常为造粒领域中众所周知的那些。示例性的超级崩解剂包括但不限于交联羧甲基纤维素钠、不溶性交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、淀粉羟乙酸钠及其混合物。
润滑剂可选自相内润滑剂和/或相外润滑剂。
这种相内润滑剂可选自脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯和聚氧乙基化氢化蓖麻油(例如以商标名出售的产品)、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物(例如以商标名和POLOXAMER出售的产品)、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯和聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、硬脂醇、二山酸甘油酯、硬脂酰富马酸钠、丙三醇二硬脂酸酯及其组合。优选地,该相内润滑剂为硬脂酰富马酸钠。
该相外润滑剂可选自卵磷脂、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、脂肪酸盐、可食脂肪酸的单甘油酯和二甘油酯的单乙酰基和二乙酰基酒石酸酯、可食脂肪酸的单甘油酯和二甘油酯的柠檬酸酯、脂肪酸的蔗糖酯、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯、酯交换型蓖麻油酸的聚甘油酯(E476)、硬脂酰乳酸钠、硬脂酸镁和/或硬脂酸钙、氢化植物油、硬脂酸、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸镁、胶体二氧化硅、滑石及其组合。优选地,所述相外润滑剂为硬脂酸镁和/或硬脂酸钙,更优选硬脂酸镁。
基于该粒料的总干重计,该一种或多种润滑剂以至多5%重量的量存在于该粒料中。如果该粒料包含一种或多种润滑剂和/或与一种或多种润滑剂混合,则基于该粒料的总干重计,该一种或多种润滑剂优选以0.2-5%重量、更优选0.2-4.5%重量、甚至更优选0.3-4.0%重量且最优选0.5-3.0%重量存在于该粒料中。
基于该粒料的总干重计,该一种或多种崩解剂以至多20%重量的量存在于该粒料中。如果该粒料包含一种或多种崩解剂和/或与一种或多种崩解剂混合,则基于该粒料的总干重计,该一种或多种崩解剂优选以0.5-20%重量、更优选0.5-18%重量、甚至更优选1.0-16%重量且最优选1.5-12%重量的量存在。例如,如果该一种或多种崩解剂包含一种或多种超级崩解剂,优选一种超级崩解剂,则可相应地调节该量。特别地,如果该一种或多种崩解剂包含一种或多种超级崩解剂,则基于该粒料的总干重计,该一种或多种超级崩解剂(优选一种超级崩解剂)以优选至多8%重量、优选1.0-8%重量的量存在。
已证明,根据本发明的包含经表面反应碳酸钙和一种或多种粘结剂的粒料作为赋形剂在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中是优异的。优选地,用于制备赋形剂的粒料如下获得:将该经表面反应碳酸钙及该一种或多种粘结剂造粒,并使获得的粒料利用该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体处理,使得该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体基本上仅存在于该粒料的外表面上。应理解,该粒料(即利用该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体处理的粒料)然后在压缩方法(优选直接压缩方法)中压缩,以形成赋形剂。也就是说,进行压缩方法(优选直接压缩方法),使得该粒料被压缩成迷你片剂或片剂。
应理解,该压缩方法可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何压缩方法来进行,例如使用单冲或旋转机器的压片机。
优选地,该压缩方法为直接压缩方法。优选地,使用1-40kN、更优选1.5-30kN且最优选1.5-25kN范围的力的直接压缩方法。
应理解,该压缩方法(优选直接压缩方法)产生适合于药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装及个人护理产品的迷你片剂或片剂。
这种迷你片剂或片剂在本领域中是众所周知的,且具有通常用于待制备产品的粒子尺寸。
例如,根据机械筛分测量,该迷你片剂或片剂具有0.1-20.0mm、优选0.2-15.0mm且更优选0.3-10.0mm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50。
另外可选地,如果该粒料在流化床造粒机中通过在造粒之前使该经表面反应碳酸钙和该一种或多种粘结剂与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合而获得,则所获得的粒料可用作胶囊或柔韧包装如小袋或流动包、自立袋、直条包等中通常已知的例如赋形剂。因此,在一种实施方案中,该粒料(即通过在造粒之前使该经表面反应碳酸钙和该一种或多种粘结剂与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合而在流化床造粒机中获得的粒料)被填充到胶囊或柔韧包装如小袋或流动包、自立袋、直条包等中。在一种实施方案中,使获得的粒料(即通过在造粒之前使该经表面反应碳酸钙和该一种或多种粘结剂与该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体混合而在流化床造粒机中获得的粒料)进一步经由湿式造粒进行压片步骤,以获得本发明的赋形剂。
该粒料优选提供改善的流动性和/或压实性。
如果硬度[N]与压缩力[kN]的比率(硬度/压缩力)为至少16,优选至少20,则实现流动性和/或压实性的改善。例如,硬度[N]与压缩力[kN]的比率(硬度/压缩力)为20-50,优选20-40且最优选20-30。
附图说明
图1显示如何计算静止角β。
图2显示混合物的片剂硬度[N]随主压缩力[kN]变化的比较。
图3显示混合物的易碎性随片剂硬度[N]变化的比较。
图4显示混合物的崩解时间随片剂硬度[N]变化的比较。
图5显示混合物的片剂硬度[N]随主压缩力[kN]变化的比较。
图6显示样品7的易碎性随片剂硬度[N]变化的比较。
图7显示样品7的崩解时间随片剂硬度[N]变化的比较。
具体实施方式
以下实施例及测试将说明本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例
1.测量方法
下面将描述在实施例中使用的测量方法
粒子尺寸分布
使用Malvern Mastersizer 3000激光衍射系统(Malvern Instruments Plc.,英国)评价体积确定的中值粒子尺寸d50(vol)和体积确定的顶切粒子尺寸d98(vol)。d50(vol)或者d98(vol)值表示的直径值使得以体积计分别为50%或者98%的粒子具有小于该值的直径。使用米氏(Mie)理论分析通过测量结果获得的原始数据,其中粒子折射率为1.57并且吸收系数为0.005。方法及仪器为本领域技术人员已知并且常见地用于确定填料和颜料的粒子尺寸分布。样品在无任何预先处理的情况下在干燥条件下测量。
通过在重力场中沉降行为分析的沉降方法测量重量确定的中值粒子尺寸d50(vol)。用美国Micromeritics Instrument公司的SedigraphTM 5120进行测量。方法及仪器是本领域技术人员已知的并且常见地用于确定填料和颜料的粒子尺寸分布。在0.1%重量的Na4P2O7的水溶液中进行测量。使用高速搅拌器及超声分散样品。
使用振动筛分塔分析粒料的粒子尺寸分布。将120g粒料的等分试样放置在具有90pm、180pm、250pm、355pm、500pm、710pm和5和1mm筛目尺寸的钢丝筛网(Retsch,德国)上。筛分塔在1mm的摇动位移下以10秒的时间间隔摇动6分钟。
方法和仪器是本领域技术人员已知的并且常见地用于测定填料和颜料的颗粒尺寸。
比表面积(SSA)
经由根据ISO 9277:2010的BET法,使用氮气,在通过在250℃下加热30分钟的周期调理样品之后测量比表面积。在这种测量之前,样品在布氏漏斗中过滤、用去离子水冲洗并且在110℃下在烘箱中干燥至少12小时。
粒子内侵入式比孔容(以cm3/g计)
使用Micromeritics Autopore V 9620汞孔率计,使用汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果测量比孔容,所述汞孔率计具有最大施加汞压为414MPa(60 000psi),等效于0.004μm(~nm)的拉普拉斯喉径。在每个压力步骤使用的平衡时间是20秒。将样品材料密封在5cm3室的粉末透度计中用于分析。使用软件Pore-Comp(Gane,P.A.C.,Kettle,J.P.,Matthews,G.P.和Ridgway,C.J.,“Void Space Structure of Compressible Polymer Spheres andConsolidated Calcium Carbonate Paper-Coating Formulations”,Industrial andEngineering Chemistry Research,35(5),1996年,第1753-1764页),针对汞压缩、透度计膨胀和样品材料压缩来校正数据。
在累积侵入数据中见到的总孔体积可被分成两个区域,其中从214μm降至约1-4μm的侵入数据显示具有强烈贡献的任何附聚结构之间的样品的粗填充。在这些直径之下的是粒子自身的精细粒子间填充。如果它们也具有粒子内孔,则此区域显现双峰,并且通过获取由汞侵入比峰转折点更细(即比双峰拐点更细)的孔的比孔容,比粒子内孔体积被定义。这三个区域的总和给出了粉末的总全部孔体积,但强烈地取决于原始样品压实/在分布的粗孔末端处的粉末的沉降。
通过获取累积侵入曲线的第一导数,揭示了基于等效拉普拉斯直径的孔尺寸分布,其必然包括孔屏蔽。微分曲线清楚地显示了粗附聚孔结构区域、粒子间孔区域和粒子内孔区域(如果存在的话)。已知粒子内孔直径范围,则可以从总孔体积中减去剩余粒子间和附聚体间孔体积,以给出在每单位质量孔体积(比孔容)方面的单独的内部孔的希望的孔体积。当然,相同的减法原理也适用于分离任何感兴趣的其它孔尺寸区域。
堆密度
经由粉末漏斗,将100±0.5g的相应材料小心地填充至250mL量筒中且以最接近的1mL读取体积。根据下式计算松散堆密度:
松散堆密度[g/mL]=堆体积[mL]/经称重的样品[g]
并且以最接近的0.01g/mL记录结果。
振实密度
经由粉末漏斗,将100±0.5g的相应材料小心地填充至250mL量筒中。
该带刻度的筒连接至配备有能够产生振实的沉降设备的支撑物上。该筒固定于该支撑物中并且在1250次振实之后读取体积。随后进行由1250次振实构成的第二振实步骤并且读取体积值。当该第二振实体积值与该第一振实体积值相差不超过2mL时,就是振实体积。当该值相差超过2mL时,重复1250次振实的振实步骤直到在随后的步骤中观测到不超过2mL的差值为止。
豪斯纳(Hausner)比率
豪斯纳比率是与粉末材料的流动性相关的数值,且计算如下:
豪斯纳比率=(振实密度)/(堆密度)
压缩指数
压缩指数计算如下:
压缩指数(%)=(振实密度-堆密度)/振实密度*100
静止角
在流动性测试仪中测量静止角。装备有10mm喷嘴的料斗填充有大约150mL的相应材料。在排空料斗之后,借助激光束测量粒料斜面并且计算静止角。静止角β为如图1中所示计算的斜面侧边相对于水平线的角度。
SEM
通过以5ml的水稀释50-150μl的浆料样品来制备样品。浆料样品的量取决于固体含量、粒子尺寸平均值及粒子尺寸分布。使用0.8μm的膜滤器过滤稀释的样品。当滤液混浊时,使用更精细的过滤器。将双面导电胶带安装在SEM导体棒(stub)上。接着将此SEM导体棒轻轻压在过滤器上仍然湿的滤饼中。然后以8nm Au溅射SEM导体棒。FESEM(Zeiss SigmaVP)下的研究在5kV(Au)下进行。随后,通过使用Sigma VP场发射扫描电子显微镜(CarlZeiss AG,德国)和二次电子检测器(SE2)在高真空(<10-2Pa)下检查制备的样品。
2.使用的材料
经表面反应碳酸钙
SRCC
经表面反应碳酸钙(SRCC)(d50(vol)=6.6μm,d98=13.7μm,SSA=59.9m2/g)。粒子内侵入式比孔容为0.939cm3/g(对于0.004-0.51μm的孔径范围来说)。
SRCC通过如下方式通过在混合容器中制备350升研磨碳酸钙的水性悬浮液而获得:调节来自Omya SAS,Orgon的研磨石灰石碳酸钙(具有如通过沉降法确定为1.3μm的基于重量的中值粒子尺寸d50(重量))的固体含量,使得获得基于水性悬浮液的总重量计为10%重量的固体含量。
在以6.2m/s的速度混合浆料的同时,在70℃的温度下在20分钟的时间内将11.2kg磷酸以包含30%重量磷酸的水溶液的形式加入到所述悬浮液中。在加入该酸之后,将浆料再搅拌5分钟,然后将其从容器中取出并使用喷射干燥器进行干燥。
其他材料
来自BASF的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-K90
来自JRS的交联羧甲基纤维素钠-Ac-di-sol
来自Peter Greven的硬脂酸镁,Ligamed MF-2V
来自Dupont的HPMC 4M,Methocel 4M,羟丙基甲基纤维素
3.通过流化床实验进行FCC造粒
A.使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为粘结剂
流化床试验在Glatt的GPC G2上使用切向喷雾以如下设置进行:
·空气温度:60℃
·空气体积流量:5-30m3/h
·喷雾泵:2-10g/min
·喷雾压力:1.5巴
·经表面反应碳酸钙的批量大小:500g
·聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)粘结剂浓度:4%w/w
在交联羧甲基纤维素钠存在或不存在下,将干粉经表面反应碳酸钙(SRCC)引入流化床室中。
表1显示了已用于制备赋形剂(即粒料)的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)与经表面反应碳酸钙(SRCC)及交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCM)的比例:
表1:粒料的组成
*:%以%重量给出,基于粒料的总重量计
粒料的PSD在下表2中示出。
表2:不同样品的PSD
样品编号 | d<sub>10</sub>(μm) | d<sub>50</sub>(μm) | d<sub>90</sub>(μm) |
1 | 22 | 120 | 325 |
2 | 28 | 155.7 | 384.6 |
所获得的共处理的赋形剂(即粒料)的密度和压缩值列于表3中。
表3:密度和压缩值
样品编号 | 堆密度(g/ml) | 振实密度(g/ml) | 豪斯纳比率 | 根据EuPh | 静止角(°) |
1 | 0.41 | 0.49 | 1.20 | 一般 | 40.1 |
2 | 0.41 | 0.47 | 1.15 | 良好 | 40.3 |
流化床粒料的压片试验(样品1-2)
表1-3中列出的粒料进一步进行压片步骤。片剂的组成列于下表4。
表4:混合物组成
*:%以%重量给出,基于片剂的总重量计
所获得的赋形剂即粒料(样品编号1-2)进一步与2%重量的润滑剂(硬脂酸镁,Ligamed MF-2-V,Cas#557-04-0,Peter Greven)在Turbula混合机(Willy A.Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合5分钟。混合物进一步用于在Fette 1200i(使用EU1”工具,10mm填充凸轮,8个标准凸圆10mm冲头,且压片速度为15000片/小时)中制备片剂。调节填充深度以获得2kN-20kN的压缩力,并且将片剂重量固定在175mg。
另外可选地,使所获得的赋形剂进一步与超级崩解剂交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCM,来自JRS的Vivasol)和/或活性药物成分(无水咖啡因(BASF)或吡罗昔康(SelectChemie))在Turbula混合机(Willy A.Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合10分钟。使这些混合物进一步与2%重量的润滑剂(硬脂酸镁,Ligamed MF-2-V,Cas#557-04-0,Peter Greven)在Turbula混合机(Willy A.Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中混合5分钟,并用于如上所述制备片剂。
赋形剂的片剂硬度[N]随主压缩力[kN]的变化示于图2中。混合物的易碎性(%)随硬度[N]的变化示于图3中。图4显示了表4混合物的崩解时间[秒]随片剂硬度[N]的变化。崩解测试利用Pharmatron的DisiTest 50自动片剂崩解测试仪来进行。
为了进行测试,将烧杯填充720ml的蒸馏水。加热水到37.0℃,然后将6个片剂放在坚固的篮中。
设备自动检测并记录崩解时间。另外,还视觉上监测崩解时间。
B.使用羟丙基甲基纤维素作为粘结剂
流化床试验在Glatt的GPC G2上使用切向喷雾以如下设置进行:
·空气温度:60℃
·空气体积流量:5-30m3/h
·喷雾泵:2-10g/min
·喷雾压力:1巴
·经表面反应碳酸钙的批量大小:500g
·羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)粘结剂浓度:0.5%w/w
在交联羧甲基纤维素钠存在或不存在下,将干粉经表面反应碳酸钙(SRCC)引入流化床室中。
表5显示了羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)与经表面反应碳酸钙(SRCC)的比例并且已用于制备赋形剂:
表5:HPMC与SRCC的比例
*:%以%重量给出,基于片剂的总重量计
样品7的PSD在下表6中示出
表6:样品7的PSD
样品编号 | d<sub>10</sub>(μm) | d<sub>50</sub>(μm) | d<sub>90</sub>(μm) |
7 | 41 | 140 | 247 |
表7:密度和压缩值
使所获得的赋形剂(样品7)进一步与10%的无水咖啡因(BASF)及3%的交联羧甲基纤维素钠(CCM,来自JRS的Vivasol)在Turbula混合机(Willy A.Bachofen,TurbulaT10B)中混合10分钟。然后将2%重量的润滑剂(硬脂酸镁,Ligamed MF-2-V,Cas#557-04-0,Peter Greven)添加到混合物中,并在Turbula混合机(Willy A.Bachofen,Turbula T10B)中进一步混合5分钟。混合物进一步用于在Fette 1200i(使用EU1”工具,10mm填充凸轮,8个标准凸圆10mm冲头,且压片速度为15000片/小时)中制备片剂。调节填充深度以获得2kN-20kN的压缩力,并且将片剂重量固定在130mg。
结果示于图5-7中。图5显示了混合物的片剂硬度[N]随主压缩力[kN]变化的比较。图6显示了样品7的易碎性随片剂硬度[N]变化的比较。图7显示了样品7的崩解时间随片剂硬度[N]变化的比较。
Claims (15)
1.包含经表面反应碳酸钙以及一种或多种粘结剂的粒料作为赋形剂在药物、营养品、农业、兽医、化妆品、家用、食品、包装或个人护理产品中的用途,其中该粒料具有:
i)根据机械筛分测量的150-700μm的重量粒子尺寸d90,
ii)根据机械筛分测量的45-300μm的重量中值粒子尺寸d50,
iii)根据机械筛分测量的18-100μm的重量粒子尺寸d10,以及
iv)通过BET氮气法测量的≥15.0m2/g的比表面积。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其中该经表面反应碳酸钙为天然研磨或沉淀碳酸钙与二氧化碳及一种或多种H3O+离子供体在水性介质中的反应产物,其中该二氧化碳通过H3O+离子供体处理原位形成和/或从外部来源供应。
3.根据权利要求2的用途,其中该天然研磨碳酸钙选自含碳酸钙的矿物,该矿物选自大理石、白垩、石灰石及其混合物;并且该沉淀碳酸钙选自具有文石、球霰石或方解石型矿物学晶型的沉淀碳酸钙或其混合物。
4.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该经表面反应碳酸钙具有
i)根据ISO 9277:2010使用氮气和BET方法测量的20m2/g-450m2/g、优选20m2/g-250m2/g、更优选30m2/g-160m2/g、最优选40m2/g-150m2/g、进一步更优选40m2/g-140m2/g的BET比表面积;和/或
ii)1μm-50μm、优选1-45μm、更优选2-30μm的体积中值粒径d50;和/或
iii)由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-1.35cm3/g、优选0.30-1.30cm3/g、更优选0.30-1.25cm3/g并且最优选0.30-0.90cm3/g范围内的粒子内侵入式比孔容。
5.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该一种或多种粘结剂选自合成聚合物如甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、乙基羟乙基纤维素(EHEC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸酯;以及天然粘结剂如植物胶,例如阿拉伯胶、黄蓍胶、桧树胶、茄替胶、刺梧桐胶、刺槐豆胶、巴西棕榈蜡及瓜尔胶;蛋白质如明胶、酪蛋白、胶原蛋白;糖及多糖如淀粉及其衍生物即预糊化淀粉、麦芽糊精、菊粉、纤维素、果胶、角叉菜胶及糖;动物渗出物如虫胶;蜂蜡、藻酸及其混合物。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该粒料包含一种或多种粘结剂,该一种或多种粘结剂的量基于该粒料的总干重计为0.25-35%重量,优选0.5-15%重量,更优选0.5-10%重量,甚至更优选1.0-10%重量,最优选1.5-10%重量。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该粒料包含以下物质和/或与以下物质混合:至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,和/或一种或多种润滑剂和/或一种或多种崩解剂,其中该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体优选选自日用化妆香精,食用香精,草本提取物和油,水果提取物和油,营养剂,痕量矿物,防护剂,食品,化妆品,阻燃剂,酶,大分子,杀虫剂,肥料,防腐剂,抗氧化剂,反应性化学品,合成来源、半合成来源、天然来源的药物和/或营养品和/或兽医活性剂或者其药物和/或营养品和/或兽医非活性前体,及其混合物。
8.根据权利要求7的用途,其中该粒料包含至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体,该至少一种活性成分和/或其非活性前体的量基于该粒料的总干重计为0.5-80%重量,优选10.0-70%重量,且最优选20-60%重量。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该粒料在搅拌设备中在搅拌下获得,该搅拌设备优选为选自以下的搅拌设备:Eirich混合机、流化床干燥机/造粒机、板式造粒机、台式造粒机、鼓式造粒机、盘式造粒机、碟式造粒机、犁铧式混合机、立式或卧式混合机、高或低剪切混合机、高速掺合机和快速混合造粒机。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该粒料具有由汞侵入孔隙率测定法测量结果计算的在0.15-2.75cm3/g、优选0.30-2.50cm3/g且最优选0.40-2.00cm3/g范围内的粒子内比孔容。
11.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该粒料在压缩处理中被压缩成迷你片剂或片剂。
12.根据权利要求11的用途,其中该粒料在直接压缩处理中被压缩,优选使用1-40kN、更优选1.5-30kN且最优选1.5-25kN范围内的力。
13.根据权利要求1-10任一项的用途,其中该粒料被填充到胶囊或柔韧包装如小袋或流动包、自立袋、直条包等中。
14.根据前述权利要求任一项的用途,其中该粒料提供改善的流动性和/或压实性。
15.根据权利要求14的用途,其中如果硬度[N]与压缩力[kN]的比率(硬度/压缩力)为至少16,优选至少20,则实现该改善。
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