CN115422856B - CFD teaching-oriented teaching blood vessel model generation method - Google Patents
CFD teaching-oriented teaching blood vessel model generation method Download PDFInfo
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- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
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Abstract
The invention discloses a teaching blood vessel model generation method for CFD teaching, which comprises the following steps: creating a parameterized spatial grid based on the bounding box, and generating a voxel grid; converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box; generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the initial blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed; and performing computational fluid dynamics pretreatment and closed port treatment on the generated vascular model to generate a target teaching vascular model, wherein the target teaching vascular model, the initial port and the termination port of the target teaching vascular model form a closed structure together. The method for generating the teaching blood vessel model can be simply, conveniently and rapidly implemented, and can solve the problems of high cost, poor adaptability and the like when the CFD teaching is used for constructing the blood vessel model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer graphics, in particular to a method for generating a teaching blood vessel model for teaching CFD.
Background
In recent years, vascular disease has become one of the important diseases that endanger public health, for which blood flow dynamics (ComputationalFluid Dynamics, CFD) techniques can be studied. The technique sets boundary conditions at boundaries of a three-dimensional shape vessel model, and applies computational fluid dynamics to simulate blood flow in the three-dimensional shape vessel model on the vessel geometry model. By performing a blood flow simulation on the three-dimensional blood vessel model, blood flow information, such as pressure, velocity, flow rate, etc., flowing inside the three-dimensional blood vessel model can be obtained. Further, by performing a blood flow simulation on the three-dimensional blood vessel model, not only blood flow information but also wall shear stress (Wall Shear Stress, WSS) generated in the blood vessel wall can be obtained.
In order to obtain an accurate blood vessel model, a teaching person needs to have basic knowledge such as medical image processing, three-dimensional reconstruction and the like, and generates a teaching blood vessel model for CFD teaching by using a rich knowledge reserve, so that the generating process of the teaching blood vessel model for CFD teaching is complex in the process, and the adaptability to beginners is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a CFD teaching-oriented teaching blood vessel model generation method which can automatically generate a CFD teaching-oriented teaching blood vessel model and solve the problem that the existing blood vessel model is complex to construct.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for generating a teaching blood vessel model for CFD teaching, including:
creating a parameterized spatial grid based on the bounding box, and generating a voxel grid;
converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box;
generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the initial blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed;
and performing hydrodynamic preprocessing and closed port processing on the generated vascular model to generate a target teaching vascular model, wherein the target teaching vascular model, the initial port and the end port of the target teaching vascular model form a closed structure together.
Optionally, creating a parameterized spatial grid based on the bounding box, generating a voxel grid, includes:
establishing an initial bounding box by given parameters;
and obtaining a space grid according to the initial bounding box, and respectively carrying out equidistant division on the space grid in the X, Y and Z directions to generate a voxel grid.
Optionally, the converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid to position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box includes:
voxels in voxel grid points in the voxel grid are converted into three-dimensional position information in a world coordinate system, and the three-dimensional position information in the world coordinate system is determined as coordinate information of an initial grid in a bounding box.
Optionally, the initial bounding box is a polyhedral bounding box.
Optionally, the generating the blood vessel model by using implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid includes:
determining a single blood vessel through a symbol distance function at least according to at least one parameter information of a preset diameter, a preset length and a preset curvature;
and fusing the plurality of single blood vessels into a blood vessel body by using a conformal mixed operator.
Optionally, the performing hydrodynamic preprocessing and port sealing processing on the generated blood vessel model to generate a target teaching blood vessel model includes:
acquiring an initial seed point and a termination seed point of the generated blood vessel model;
calculating a blood vessel Voronoi diagram by using a Delaunay triangulation algorithm, and determining the central line of a blood vessel model by connecting the spherical center of the maximum inscribed sphere;
grouping according to the center line corresponding to the seed point, and determining a grouping diagram of the blood vessel model;
calculating an initial normal vector and a termination normal vector for an initial seed point and a seed point of a blood vessel model in the block diagram respectively;
constructing an implicit plane based on the start normal vector, the end normal vector, the start seed point and the end seed point;
performing port cutting on the blood vessel model by utilizing the implicit plane;
and carrying out fusion treatment on the cut blood vessel model and the cut surface obtained by cutting to obtain the target teaching blood vessel model.
Optionally, grouping the blood vessel models based on the center line corresponding to the initial seed point to obtain a grouping diagram.
The embodiment of the invention provides a teaching vessel model generation method for CFD teaching, which comprises the steps of creating a parameterized space grid based on a bounding box to generate a voxel grid; converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box; generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the initial blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed; and performing hydrodynamic preprocessing and closed port processing on the generated vascular model to generate a target teaching vascular model, wherein the target teaching vascular model, the initial port and the end port of the target teaching vascular model form a closed structure together. According to the embodiment of the invention, the computational fluid dynamics preprocessing is CFD processing, hidden function reconstruction is combined with the CFD processing, and the teaching vessel model facing CFD teaching can be realized under the condition that two hands are liberated and cutting is not needed manually.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for generating a teaching vessel model for CFD teaching in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of generating a voxel network in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a step of generating a blood vessel model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of steps for generating a target teaching vessel model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of grouping for determining a centerline of a vessel model in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a blood vessel model and a target teaching blood vessel model generated in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the outlet and inlet of a teaching vessel model for targets in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
As described in the background, CFD techniques can provide a significant contribution to the hemodynamic study of blood vessels. Specifically, CFD technology can analyze the shearing of blood vessel wall, the flow characteristics and rules of blood in blood vessel, etc., study the occurrence and development of tumor in blood vessel and the influence of rupture, reveal the physiological or pathological changes of organism, and evaluate the development process of disease.
The current way of constructing a vessel model may be: three-dimensional data of the blood vessel are obtained through imaging means such as MRA, CTA or DSA, the blood vessel outline is formed through image preprocessing, a manual segmentation method is adopted to extract the required blood vessel, 3D geometric reconstruction is carried out on the segmented blood vessel, and finally an analyzable blood vessel model is obtained through smoothing and meshing. Under the condition, a large amount of manual interaction is needed, and a needed blood vessel model is rebuilt by adopting a manual segmentation mode, so that workers are required to have rich knowledge base and operation experience. The existing manual interaction mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and a general blood vessel model generation method cannot be provided for teaching staff in a teaching scene.
Based on the above, the inventor researches and discovers that the hidden function reconstruction and the CFD technology are combined, and the hidden plane cutting is used for replacing the step of manually interactively cutting the blood vessel, in this case, two hands can be liberated, and the manual cutting is not needed, so that a general teaching blood vessel model generation method is provided, and a teaching blood vessel model is simply constructed.
The embodiment of the invention provides a teaching vessel model generation method for CFD teaching, which comprises the steps of creating a parameterized space grid based on a bounding box to generate a voxel grid; converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box; generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the initial blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed; and performing computational fluid dynamics pretreatment and closed port treatment on the generated vascular model to generate a target teaching vascular model, wherein the target teaching vascular model, the initial port and the termination port of the target teaching vascular model form a closed structure together. In the embodiment of the invention, the computational fluid dynamics preprocessing is CFD processing, hidden function reconstruction is combined with CFD processing, and the automatic generation of the blood vessel model is realized under the condition that hands are liberated and cutting is not needed manually. In addition, the blood vessel model generation method provided by the embodiment of the invention can easily construct the blood vessel model.
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of a teaching blood vessel model generating method facing CFD teaching in an embodiment of the invention, and referring to fig. 1, the steps of the teaching blood vessel model generating method facing CFD teaching specifically include:
step S11, creating a parameterized space grid based on the bounding box, and generating a voxel grid; .
Specifically, the bounding box algorithm is a method for solving the optimal bounding space of the discrete point set. The basic idea is to replace the complex geometric objects approximately with somewhat bulky and simple-to-property geometries (called bounding boxes).
Step S12, converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box;
step S13, generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the initial blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed;
specifically, the blood vessel model generated by implicit reconstruction in the invention can specifically comprise a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and the thickness of the blood vessel wall can also be used as an important factor for generating the three-dimensional initial blood vessel model in the invention. In one embodiment, a single vessel may be reconstructed using a symbolic distance function in a hidden function, the shape, length and thickness of the vessel may be set as desired, and a three-dimensional initial vessel model of the vessel may be automatically generated. The method for generating the blood vessel model is different from the traditional model construction method, the medical image is not required to be preprocessed and then reconstructed, and a great amount of time is not required to be spent for generating and adjusting the generated entity model. The invention uses lower cost to obtain accurate analysis, greatly saves the burden of model construction, improves the authenticity of the blood vessel model, and has simpler process of generating the teaching blood vessel model.
And S14, performing computational fluid dynamics pretreatment and closed port treatment on the generated blood vessel model to generate a target teaching blood vessel model, wherein the target teaching blood vessel model, the initial port and the end port of the target teaching blood vessel model form a closed structure together.
Based on the above, the computational fluid dynamics preprocessing in the invention processes the vessel model by using the physical law related to computational fluid dynamics to generate a target teaching vessel model for CFD analysis, and the target teaching vessel model, the initial port and the final port of the target teaching vessel model together form a closed structure.
In the embodiment of the application, a parameterized space grid is created based on the bounding box, and a voxel grid is generated; converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box; generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the initial blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed; and performing computational fluid dynamics pretreatment and closed port treatment on the generated vascular model to generate a target teaching vascular model, wherein the target teaching vascular model, the initial port and the termination port of the target teaching vascular model form a closed structure together. In the embodiment of the invention, the computational fluid dynamics preprocessing is CFD processing, the implicit reconstruction is combined with the CFD processing, and the automatic generation of the blood vessel model is realized under the condition that both hands are liberated and cutting is not needed manually. In addition, the blood vessel model generation method provided by the embodiment of the invention can easily construct the blood vessel model.
Based on the above, an optional schematic diagram for generating the voxel network is also provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the creating a parameterized spatial grid based on the bounding box, generating a voxel grid may specifically include:
step S111, setting parameters to establish an initial bounding box.
Optionally, the initial bounding box is a polyhedral bounding box. In an alternative embodiment, the initial bounding box may be a cuboid bounding box, the shape of which is related to the properties of the grid voxels.
And step S112, obtaining a space grid according to the initial bounding box, and equally dividing the space grid in the X, Y and Z directions respectively to generate a voxel grid.
Optionally, when the initial bounding box is a cuboid bounding box, a plurality of small cuboid bounding boxes may be partitioned; when the initial bounding box is a square bounding box, a plurality of small square bounding boxes may be divided, so long as the initial bounding box is divided at equal intervals, and the method is not limited herein.
In a further alternative implementation, the method may further include: step S113, converting voxels in voxel grid points in the voxel grid to three-dimensional position information in a world coordinate system, and determining the three-dimensional position information in the world coordinate system as coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box.
Optionally, for each voxel V in the bounding box i Voxel V i Converted into a spatial position point P under a world coordinate system i 。
After the initial grid coordinate information is obtained, in a further optional embodiment of the present invention, a vessel model may be generated by using implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid.
Specifically, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of generating a blood vessel model according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 3, the step of generating a vascular model may include:
step S121, determining a single blood vessel through a symbol distance function at least according to at least one parameter information of a preset diameter, a preset length and a preset curvature;
the parameter information corresponds to a blood vessel model, and the parameter information may be the number of blood vessel models, the number of branches of a blood vessel branch, the start-position of a start seed point of the branch of the blood vessel model, and the end-position of end information.
Executing outer circulation, calling a generation algorithm of a single-branch blood vessel model, and performing circulation on the outer ring for a total of nums_vessel times, wherein the radian of angiogenesis is adjusted, so that the obtained model effect is more approximate to a real blood vessel.
Step S122, fusing a plurality of single blood vessels into a blood vessel body by using a conformal mixed operator.
An inner loop is executed, and an inner loop is added to the outer loop described in S121, and the radius and position information of each blood vessel model branch are updated and adjusted to generate a blood vessel model with the number of branches num_branches each time. And fusing each single blood vessel into a blood vessel body defined by parameters by using a conformal mixed operator, wherein the number of blood vessels of the blood vessel body is the same as the number defined by the parameters.
In other embodiments, information of the generated vessel model may also be saved and visualized.
After the above-mentioned blood vessel model is obtained, the blood vessel model may also be displayed in the embodiment of the present invention. That is, in the embodiment of the present invention, the generated blood vessel model is saved as a file, and a visualization process is performed based on the file to generate a corresponding model.
Finally, in order to obtain a target teaching blood vessel model, the embodiment of the invention can also perform computational fluid dynamics pretreatment and closed port treatment on the blood vessel model. Referring to fig. 4, the specific steps of generating a target teaching blood vessel model include:
step S131, acquiring an initial seed point and a termination seed point of the generated blood vessel model;
step S132, calculating a blood vessel Voronoi diagram by using a Delaunay triangulation algorithm, and determining the central line of a blood vessel model by connecting the spherical centers of the maximum inscribed spheres;
specifically, the point on the Voronoi diagram is the center of the maximum inscribed sphere of the blood vessel, and the center of the sphere connected with the maximum inscribed sphere determines the center line of the blood vessel model.
Referring to fig. 5, the line in the middle of the blood vessel is the center line of the blood vessel model, the positions of the start seed point and the end seed point are the end points of the center line, and the mode of determining the center line of the blood vessel model by connecting the center of the maximum inscribed sphere can be referred to as shown in fig. 5, and will not be described here.
Step S133, grouping according to the center lines corresponding to the seed points, and determining a grouping diagram of the blood vessel model.
In one embodiment, the grouping is performed based on the center line pair corresponding to the initial seed point, and a grouping diagram is obtained.
Step S134, calculating an initial normal vector and an end normal vector for an initial seed point and a seed point of the blood vessel model in the block diagram respectively.
Step S135, constructing an implicit plane based on the starting normal vector, the ending normal vector, the starting seed point and the ending seed point.
And step 136, performing port cutting on the blood vessel model by utilizing the implicit plane.
Specifically, the implicit plane is used for carrying out port cutting on the blood vessel model, the blood vessel model is divided into two parts, one part is a blood vessel branch used for forming a blood vessel body, the other part is a port after cutting the blood vessel body, the cut port part is discarded, and a blood vessel branch incision surface is determined, wherein the blood vessel branch incision surface is a plane which is perpendicular to the central line of the blood vessel branch and is in joint with the blood vessel wall. The average flow rate of blood may be extracted at the incision plane of the vascular bypass so that the overall blood flow of the vascular model may be estimated.
And step S137, fusing the cut blood vessel model with the cut surface obtained by cutting to obtain the target teaching blood vessel model.
And carrying out fusion treatment on the incision surface of the blood vessel branch and the residual blood vessel to obtain a target teaching blood vessel model, wherein two end surfaces of the target teaching blood vessel model are respectively an initial port and a termination port, and the target teaching blood vessel model, the initial port and the termination port of the target teaching blood vessel model form a closed structure together.
Referring to fig. 6, the left side is a generated blood vessel model, the right side is a target teaching blood vessel model, and a comparison diagram of three groups of generated blood vessel models of different blood vessels and the target teaching blood vessel model is described. As shown in fig. 6, the target teaching blood vessel model includes a start port and a stop port, wherein the start port is set as an inlet, the stop port is set as an outlet, and as can be seen in fig. 6, the stop port and the start port of the target teaching blood vessel model are both flush ports.
Further, in order to clearly describe the outlet and inlet in the target teaching blood vessel model, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the outlet and inlet in the target teaching blood vessel model in the embodiment of the present invention, the left side of fig. 7 is shown by taking the inlet in the target teaching blood vessel model as an example, and the right side of fig. 7 is shown by taking the outlet in the target teaching blood vessel model as an example, which can completely show the outlet and inlet in the target teaching blood vessel model.
In other embodiments, the outlet and inlet of the target teaching vessel model may also have other directional displays, which are not listed here. It should be noted that fig. 7 is only an alternative schematic diagram of the outlet and the inlet in the target teaching vessel model, and should not be taken as a unique representation for defining the outlet and the inlet in the present invention.
The foregoing describes several embodiments of the present invention, and the various alternatives presented by the various embodiments may be combined, cross-referenced, with each other without conflict, extending beyond what is possible embodiments, all of which are considered to be embodiments of the present invention disclosed and disclosed.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The teaching blood vessel model generation method for CFD teaching is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
creating a parameterized spatial grid based on the bounding box, and generating a voxel grid;
converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid into position points under a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in the bounding box;
generating a blood vessel model by utilizing implicit reconstruction based on the coordinate information of the initial grid, wherein the blood vessel model at least comprises a blood vessel wall and a blood vessel body, and at least one blood vessel branch of the blood vessel body is formed;
performing computational fluid dynamics pretreatment and closed port treatment on the generated blood vessel model to generate a target teaching blood vessel model, wherein the target teaching blood vessel model, a start port and a stop port of the target teaching blood vessel model form a closed structure together;
wherein the generating a vessel model based on the coordinate information of the initial grid by implicit reconstruction comprises:
determining a single blood vessel through a symbol distance function at least according to at least one parameter information of a preset diameter, a preset length and a preset curvature;
fusing a plurality of single blood vessels into a blood vessel body by using a conformal mixed operator;
the step of performing hydrodynamic preprocessing and closed port processing on the generated vascular model to generate a target teaching vascular model comprises the following steps:
acquiring an initial seed point and a termination seed point of the generated blood vessel model;
calculating a blood vessel Voronoi diagram by using a Delaunay triangulation algorithm, and determining the central line of a blood vessel model by connecting the spherical center of the maximum inscribed sphere;
grouping according to the center line corresponding to the seed point, and determining a grouping diagram of the blood vessel model;
calculating an initial normal vector and a termination normal vector for an initial seed point and a seed point of a blood vessel model in the block diagram respectively;
constructing an implicit plane based on the start normal vector, the end normal vector, the start seed point and the end seed point;
performing port cutting on the blood vessel model by utilizing the implicit plane;
and carrying out fusion treatment on the cut blood vessel model and the cut surface obtained by cutting to obtain the target teaching blood vessel model.
2. The method for generating a teaching vessel model for CFD teaching according to claim 1, wherein creating a parameterized spatial grid based on bounding boxes, generating a voxel grid, comprises:
establishing an initial bounding box by given parameters;
and obtaining a space grid according to the initial bounding box, and respectively carrying out equidistant division on the space grid in the X, Y and Z directions to generate a voxel grid.
3. The method for generating a teaching vessel model for CFD teaching according to claim 2, wherein converting voxel grid points in the voxel grid to position points in a world coordinate system to obtain coordinate information of an initial grid in a bounding box comprises:
voxels in voxel grid points in the voxel grid are converted into three-dimensional position information in a world coordinate system, and the three-dimensional position information in the world coordinate system is determined as coordinate information of an initial grid in a bounding box.
4. The method for generating a teaching blood vessel model for CFD teaching of claim 2, wherein said initial bounding box is a polyhedral bounding box.
5. The method for generating a teaching blood vessel model for CFD teaching of claim 1, wherein said blood vessel models are grouped based on a center line corresponding to said initial seed point to obtain a grouping map.
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